1
|
Izuo N, Miyanishi H, Nishizawa D, Fujii T, Hasegawa J, Sato N, Tanioka F, Sugimura H, Ikeda K, Nitta A. DNA methylation status of SHATI/NAT8L promoter in the blood of cigarette smokers. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2023; 43:570-575. [PMID: 37668111 PMCID: PMC10739067 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Cigarette smoking is a preventable risk factor for various diseases such as cancer, ischemic stroke, cardiac stroke, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Smoking cessation is of great importance not only for individual smokers but also for social health. Regarding current cessation therapies, the effectiveness of nicotine replacement is limited, and the cost of varenicline medication is considerable. Thus, a method for screening smokers who are responsive to cessation therapy based on the therapeutic effectiveness is required. Peripheral biomarkers reflecting smoking dependence status are necessary to establish a method for achieving effective cessation therapy. METHODS Methylation status of smokers' blood DNA was evaluated focusing on SHATI/NAT8L, an addiction-related gene. Eight CpG sites in SHATI/NAT8L were quantified by pyrosequencing. RESULTS There was no difference in the methylation status of this gene between smokers (n = 129) and non-smokers (n = 129) at all CpG sites. No correlations between the methylation status of SHATI/NAT8L and indicators of smoking dependence were found. CONCLUSIONS Although the present study found no significance in the DNA methylation of SHATI/NAT8L among smokers, the exploration of predictable peripheral biomarkers for the effectiveness of smoking cessation therapy is required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naotaka Izuo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Therapy and Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of ToyamaToyamaJapan
| | - Hajime Miyanishi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Therapy and Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of ToyamaToyamaJapan
| | - Daisuke Nishizawa
- Addictive Substance ProjectTokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical ScienceTokyoJapan
| | - Takuma Fujii
- Department of Pharmaceutical Therapy and Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of ToyamaToyamaJapan
| | - Junko Hasegawa
- Addictive Substance ProjectTokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical ScienceTokyoJapan
| | - Naomi Sato
- Department of Clinical NursingHamamatsu University School of MedicineShizuokaJapan
- Department of Tumor PathologyHamamatsu University School of MedicineShizuokaJapan
| | - Fumihiko Tanioka
- Department of PathologyIwata City HospitalShizuokaJapan
- Present address:
KDP Pathology Clinic2‐30‐14 Hirosawa Nakaku HamamatsuShizuokaJapan
| | - Haruhiko Sugimura
- Department of Tumor PathologyHamamatsu University School of MedicineShizuokaJapan
- Present address:
Sasaki Institute, Sasaki Foundation2‐2 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda‐KuTokyo101‐0062Japan
| | - Kazutaka Ikeda
- Addictive Substance ProjectTokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical ScienceTokyoJapan
| | - Atsumi Nitta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Therapy and Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of ToyamaToyamaJapan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang Z, Cui Y, Wang F, Xu L, Yan Y, Tong X, Yan H. DNA methylation-regulated LINC02587 inhibits ferroptosis and promotes the progression of glioma cells through the CoQ-FSP1 pathway. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:989. [PMID: 37848823 PMCID: PMC10580646 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11502-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are considered key players in the formation and development of tumors. Herein, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) was employed as a bioinformatics technology. LINC02587 is differentially expressed in bladder urothelial cancer, glioblastoma, lung adenocarcinoma, lung SCC, melanoma, and other tumor tissue and cells. However, its impact on the emergence of glioma and its mechanism is remaining elusive. METHODS Some of the in vitro assays employed in this study were the CCK-8 / Annexin-V / Transwell assays, colony formation, and wound healing, together with Western blot (WB) evaluation. MSP / BSP assays were employed for assessing the CpG island's methylation status in the LINC02587 promoter. Through transcriptome, ferroptosis-related experiments, and WB evaluation, it was confirmed that LINC02587 is correlated with the regulation of ferroptosis in tumor cells, and CoQ-Fsp1 is one of its regulatory pathways. Moreover, the underlined in-vitro results were further validated by in-vivo studies. RESULTS The current study shows that the promoter sequence of LINC02587 is regulated by methylation. The silencing of LINC02587 can inhibit cellular proliferative, migrative, and invasive properties, and induce ferroptosis within gliomas through the CoQ-FSP1 pathway. CONCLUSIONS LINC02587 is likely to be a novel drug target in treating glioma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengang Wang
- Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shan Dong, 261000, China
| | - Yang Cui
- Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hebei Yanda Hospital, Langfang, He Bei, China
| | - Fanchen Wang
- Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Core, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Lixia Xu
- Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
- Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, 300350, China.
| | - Xiaoguang Tong
- Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, 300350, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, 300350, China.
| | - Hua Yan
- Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, 300350, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, 300350, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
The Role of Epigenetics in Brain and Spinal Cord Tumors. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1394:119-136. [PMID: 36587385 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-14732-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Identification of distinct genetic and epigenetic profiles in various neuroepithelial tumors has improved the classification and uncovered novel diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive molecular biomarkers for improved prediction of treatment response and outcome. Especially, in pediatric high-grade brain tumors, such as diffuse midline glioma, H3K27M-altered and posterior fossa group A-ependymoma, epigenetic changes predominate, along with changes in expression of known oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes induced by histone modifications and DNA methylation. The precise role of epigenetic abnormalities is important for understanding tumorigenesis and the establishment of brain tumor treatment strategies. Using powerful epigenetic-based therapies for cancer cells, the aberrantly regulated epigenome can be restored to a more normal state through epigenetic reprogramming. Combinations of agents targeting DNA methylation and/or other epigenetic modifications may be a promising cancer treatment. Therefore, the integration of multi-omics data including epigenomics is now important for classifying primary brain tumors and predicting their biological behavior. Recent advances in molecular genetics and epigenetic integrated diagnostics of brain tumors influence new strategies for targeted therapy.
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang J, Yang L, Li Y, Wang XB, Yang W, Liu F, Wu XB. Aberrant hypermethylation induced downregulation of antisense lncRNA STXBP5-AS1 and its sense gene STXBP5 correlate with tumorigenesis of glioma. Life Sci 2021; 278:119590. [PMID: 33965377 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The expression of antisense lncRNA STXBP5-AS1 and its sense gene STXBP5 were found to be downregulated in glioma by RNA sequencing; however, the function and mechanism of both two genes in the development of glioma have not been studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS QRT-PCR and western blot were used to determine the transcriptional and translational levels of moleculars. MSP and BSP assays were used to evaluate the methylation status of promoter CpG island. MTT, EdU, flow cytometry, and transwell assays were used to reveal biological effects. The in vivo mice model was used to validate the role of target genes in tumorigenesis. KEY FINDINGS The mRNA and protein expression of STXBP5 was significantly downregulated in glioma tissues and positively correlated with prognosis. STXBP5-AS1 was downregulated in glioma cells and tissues, and associated with tumor size and clinical stages. Both of two genes were significantly restored in cells treatment with 5-Aza. The promoter CpG island of STXBP5/STXBP5-AS1 was hypermethylated in glioma cells, but partially methylated in NHA cells. We found that promoter methylation frequency was significantly higher in glioma tissues. Functionally, overexpression of STXBP5 and STXBP5-AS1 inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and promoted apoptosis in vitro, whereas depletion of STXBP5 and STXBP5-AS1 showed opposite effects. Both the mRNA and protein expression of STXBP5 were positively regulated by STXBP5-AS1. Ectopic expression of STXBP5 and STXBP5-AS1 suppressed tumor formation in vivo. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings suggested that epigenetically silenced STXBP5-AS1 and STXBP5 might act as novel tumor suppressors of glioma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Medical Engineering, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University; Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Xing-Bang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Xiao-Ben Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bioengineered recombinant vault nanoparticles coupled with NY-ESO-1 glioma-associated antigens induce maturation of native dendritic cells. J Neurooncol 2020; 148:1-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-020-03472-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
6
|
Kratzsch T, Kuhn SA, Joedicke A, Hanisch UK, Vajkoczy P, Hoffmann J, Fichtner I. Treatment with 5-azacitidine delay growth of glioblastoma xenografts: a potential new treatment approach for glioblastomas. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2018; 144:809-819. [PMID: 29427211 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-018-2600-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most lethal primary brain tumor in adults. The epigenetically active ribonucleoside analog 5-azacitidine is a new therapy option that changes tumor cell chromatin, which is frequently modified by methylation and deacetylation in malignant gliomas. METHODS In vitro, we analyzed cell viability, cell apoptosis, and migration of human GBM cells. In vivo, we established subcutaneous and intracerebral GBM mouse models originating from U87MG, U373MG, and primary GBM cells as well as one patient-derived xenograft. Xenografts were treated with 5-azacitidine as well as valproic acid, bevacizumab, temozolomide, and phosphate buffered saline. The tumor sizes and Ki67 proliferation indices were determined. Glioma angiogenesis was examined immunohistochemically by expression analysis of endothelial cells (CD31) and pericytes (PDGFRβ). RESULTS In vitro, 5-azacitidine treatment significantly reduced human glioblastoma cell viability, increased cellular apoptosis, and reduced cellular migration. In vivo, 5-azacitidine significantly reduced growth in two intracerebral GBM models. Notably, this was also shown for a xenograft established from a patient surgery sample; whereas, epigenetically acting valproic acid did not show any growth reduction. Highly vascularized tumors responded to treatment, whereas low-vascularized xenografts showed no response. Furthermore, intracerebral glioblastomas treated with 5-azacitidine showed a clearly visible reduction of tumor angiogenesis and lower numbers of endothelial cells and tumor vessel pericytes. CONCLUSIONS Our data show significant growth inhibition as well as antiangiogenic effects in intracerebral as well as patient-derived GBM xenografts. This encourages to investigate in detail the multifactorial effects of 5-azacitidine on glioblastomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Kratzsch
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité University Hospital, Chariteplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Susanne Antje Kuhn
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ernst von Bergmann Hospital, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Andreas Joedicke
- Department of Neurosurgery, Vivantes Hospital Berlin Neukölln, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Karsten Hanisch
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital, Göttingen, Germany.,Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Vajkoczy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité University Hospital, Chariteplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Hoffmann
- Experimental Pharmacology and Oncology GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Iduna Fichtner
- Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kawamura Y, Takouda J, Yoshimoto K, Nakashima K. New aspects of glioblastoma multiforme revealed by similarities between neural and glioblastoma stem cells. Cell Biol Toxicol 2018; 34:425-440. [PMID: 29383547 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-017-9420-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) undergo self-renewal and generate neurons and glial cells under the influence of specific signals from surrounding environments. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly lethal brain tumor arising from NSCs or glial precursor cells owing to dysregulation of transcriptional and epigenetic networks that control self-renewal and differentiation of NSCs. Highly tumorigenic glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) constitute a small subpopulation of GBM cells, which share several characteristic similarities with NSCs. GSCs exist atop a stem cell hierarchy and generate heterogeneous populations that participate in tumor propagation, drug resistance, and relapse. During multimodal treatment, GSCs de-differentiate and convert into cells with malignant characteristics, and thus play critical roles in tumor propagation. In contrast, differentiation therapy that induces GBM cells or GSCs to differentiate into a neuronal or glial lineage is expected to inhibit their proliferation. Since stem cell differentiation is specified by the cells' epigenetic status, understanding their stemness and the epigenomic situation in the ancestor, NSCs, is important and expected to be helpful for developing treatment modalities for GBM. Here, we review the current findings regarding the epigenetic regulatory mechanisms of NSC fate in the developing brain, as well as those of GBM and GSCs. Furthermore, considering the similarities between NSCs and GSCs, we also discuss potential new strategies for GBM treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoichiro Kawamura
- Division of Basic Stem Cell Biology, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Jun Takouda
- Division of Basic Stem Cell Biology, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Koji Yoshimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kinichi Nakashima
- Division of Basic Stem Cell Biology, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Given that treatment options for patients with glioblastoma are limited, much effort has been made to clarify the underlying mechanisms of gliomagenesis. Recent genome-wide genomic and epigenomic analyses have revealed that mutations in epigenetic modifiers occur frequently in gliomas and that dysregulation of epigenetic mechanisms is closely associated with glioma formation. Given that epigenetic changes are reversible, understanding the epigenetic abnormalities that arise in gliomagenesis might be key to developing more effective treatment strategies for glioma. In this review, we focus on the recent advancements in epigenetic research with respect to gliomas, consider how epigenetic mechanisms dynamically regulate tumor cells, including the cancer stem cell population, and discuss perspectives and challenges for glioma treatment in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Kondo
- Division of Epigenomics, Aichi Cancer Center Research InstituteNagoya, Japan
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Research InstituteNagoya, Japan
| | - Keisuke Katsushima
- Division of Epigenomics, Aichi Cancer Center Research InstituteNagoya, Japan
| | - Fumiharu Ohka
- Division of Epigenomics, Aichi Cancer Center Research InstituteNagoya, Japan
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Research InstituteNagoya, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University School of MedicineNagoya, Japan
| | - Atsushi Natsume
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University School of MedicineNagoya, Japan
| | - Keiko Shinjo
- Division of Epigenomics, Aichi Cancer Center Research InstituteNagoya, Japan
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Aichi Cancer Center Research InstituteNagoya, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Clarke J, Penas C, Pastori C, Komotar RJ, Bregy A, Shah AH, Wahlestedt C, Ayad NG. Epigenetic pathways and glioblastoma treatment. Epigenetics 2013; 8:785-95. [PMID: 23807265 PMCID: PMC3883781 DOI: 10.4161/epi.25440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common malignant adult brain tumor. Standard GBM treatment includes maximal safe surgical resection with combination radiotherapy and adjuvant temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy. Alarmingly, patient survival at five-years is below 10%. This is in part due to the invasive behavior of the tumor and the resulting inability to resect greater than 98% of some tumors. In fact, recurrence after such treatment may be inevitable, even in cases where gross total resection is achieved. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) research network performed whole genome sequencing of GBM tumors and found that GBM recurrence is linked to epigenetic mechanisms and pathways. Central to these pathways are epigenetic enzymes, which have recently emerged as possible new drug targets for multiple cancers, including GBM. Here we review GBM treatment, and provide a systems approach to identifying epigenetic drivers of GBM tumor progression based on temporal modeling of putative GBM cells of origin. We also discuss advances in defining epigenetic mechanisms controlling GBM initiation and recurrence and the drug discovery considerations associated with targeting epigenetic enzymes for GBM treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Clarke
- Division of Biostatistics; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Miami, FL USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cartron PF, Blanquart C, Hervouet E, Gregoire M, Vallette FM. HDAC1-mSin3a-NCOR1, Dnmt3b-HDAC1-Egr1 and Dnmt1-PCNA-UHRF1-G9a regulate the NY-ESO1 gene expression. Mol Oncol 2013; 7:452-63. [PMID: 23312906 PMCID: PMC5528493 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2012.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The NY-ESO1 gene is a cancer/testis antigen considered to be suitable target for the immunotherapy of human malignancies. Despite the identification of the epigenetical silencing of the NY-ESO1 gene in a large variety of tumors, the molecular mechanism involved in this phenomenon is not fully elucidated. In two non epithelial cancers (glioma and mesothelioma), we found that the epigenetic regulation of the NY-ESO1 gene requires the sequential recruitment of the HDAC1-mSin3a-NCOR, Dnmt3b-HDAC1-Egr1 and Dnmt1-PCNA-UHRF1-G9a complexes. Thus, our data illustrate the orchestration of a sequential epigenetic mechanism including the histone deacetylation and methylation, and the DNA methylation processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-François Cartron
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes-Angers, INSERM U892, Equipe Apoptose et Progression Tumorale, Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, 8 Quai Moncousu, BP 7021, 44007 Nantes, France.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Alves MKS, Faria MHG, Neves Filho EHC, Ferrasi AC, Pardini MIDMC, de Moraes Filho MO, Rabenhorst SHB. CDKN2A promoter hypermethylation in astrocytomas is associated with age and sex. Int J Surg 2013; 11:549-53. [PMID: 23721661 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2013.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
CDKN2A promoter hypermethylation has been widely related to many cancers. In astrocytomas, although CDKN2A (p16(INK4A) protein) is often inactivated, there are still some controversial issues regarding the mechanism by which this alteration occurs. Thus, we analyzed a series of astrocytomas to assess the association between CDKN2A expression and methylation of grade I-IV tumors (WHO) and clinicopathological parameters. DNA extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded material of 93 astrocytic tumors was available for CDKN2A promoter methylation analysis and p16(INK4A) expression by methylation-specific PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. A strong negative correlation between nuclear and cytoplasmic immunostaining and CDKN2A promoter methylation was found. Additionally, a significant negative correlation between CDKN2A promoter methylation and age was observed; also, female patients had statistically more CDKN2A methylated promoters (p = 0.036) than men. In conclusion, CDKN2A inactivation by promoter methylation is a frequent event in astrocytomas and it is related to the age and sex of patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markênia Kélia Santos Alves
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Rua Alexandre Baraúna, 949, Porangabussu, CEP 60183-630 Fortaleza, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Pasini A, Iorio P, Bianchi E, Cerasoli S, Cremonini AM, Faedi M, Guarnieri C, Guiducci G, Riccioni L, Molinari C, Rengucci C, Calistri D, Giordano E. LOH 19q indicates shorter disease progression-free interval in low-grade oligodendrogliomas with EMP3 methylation. Oncol Rep 2012; 28:2271-7. [PMID: 22992787 DOI: 10.3892/or.2012.2047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously described a cohort of grade II oligodendroglioma (OII) patients, in whom the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) 19q was present in the subgroup at a higher risk of relapse. In this study, we evaluated the CpG methylation of the putative tumor suppressor epithelial membrane protein 3 (EMP3, 19q13.3) gene promoter in the same OII cohort, to investigate whether a correlation could be found between EMP3 cytogenetic and epigenetic loss and higher risk of relapse. Twenty-three tumor samples from OII patients were collected over a period of 10 years. Seventeen glioblastoma (GBM) samples (2 of which were relapses) were collected from 15 patients. The EMP3, O6-methylguanine methyltransferase (MGMT) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) promoter methylation, evaluated by methylation-specific PCR, and the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutation, identified by sequencing, were compared between the OII and GBM histotypes. The EMP3 promoter methylation was correlated with the analysis of LOH 19q, performed by microsatellite amplification, in OII patients. Disease progression-free interval was evaluated in the OII patients with the EMP3 methylation with either LOH 19q or conserved chromosome 19 arms. The EMP3 and MGMT promoter methylation was more frequent in OII than in GBM patients, and the IDH1 mutation was absent in GBM. The COX2 promoter was unmethylated in both histotypes. Both LOH+/- 19q OII patients showed EMP3 hypermethylation. Concomitant LOH 19q and EMP3 gene promoter methylation was observed in the OII patients at a higher risk of relapse. Our results suggest that a total (cytogenetic and epigenetic) functional loss of both EMP3 alleles accounts for the reduced disease progression-free interval in OII patients. Although the small sample size limits the strength of this study, our results support testing this hypothesis in larger cohorts of patients, considering the methylation of the EMP3 gene promoter together with LOH 19q as an indication for treatment with adjuvant therapy ab initio in order to improve the overall survival of OII patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Pasini
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Engineering 'S. Cavalcanti', University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wei L, Hong S, Yoon Y, Hwang SN, Park JC, Zhang Z, Olson JJ, Hu XP, Shim H. Early prediction of response to Vorinostat in an orthotopic rat glioma model. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2012; 25:1104-11. [PMID: 22302519 PMCID: PMC3356508 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.2776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Revised: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common primary brain tumor and is uniformly fatal despite aggressive surgical and adjuvant therapy. As survival is short, it is critical to determine the value of therapy early on in treatment. Improved early predictive assessment would allow neuro-oncologists to personalize and adjust or change treatment sooner to maximize the use of efficacious therapy. During carcinogenesis, tumor suppressor genes can be silenced by aberrant histone deacetylation. This epigenetic modification has become an important target for tumor therapy. Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA, Vorinostat, Zolinza) is an orally active, potent inhibitor of histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity. A major shortcoming of the use of HDAC inhibitors in the treatment of patients with brain tumors is the lack of reliable biomarkers to predict and determine response. Histological evaluation may reflect tumor viability following treatment, but is an invasive procedure and impractical for glioblastoma. Another problem is that response to SAHA therapy is associated with tumor redifferentiation and cytostasis rather than tumor size reduction, thus limiting the use of traditional imaging methods. A noninvasive method to assess drug delivery and efficacy is needed. Here, we investigated whether changes in (1)H MRS metabolites could render reliable biomarkers for an early response to SAHA treatment in an orthotopic animal model for glioma. Untreated tumors exhibited significantly elevated alanine and lactate levels and reduced inositol, N-acetylaspartate and creatine levels, typical changes reported in glioblastoma relative to normal brain tissues. The (1)H MRS-detectable metabolites of SAHA-treated tumors were restored to those of normal-like brain tissues. In addition, reduced inositol and N-acetylaspartate were found to be potential biomarkers for mood alteration and depression, which may also be alleviated with SAHA treatment. Our study suggests that (1)H MRS can provide reliable metabolic biomarkers at the earliest stage of SAHA treatment to predict the therapeutic response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Wei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Samuel Hong
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Younghyoun Yoon
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Scott N. Hwang
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Jaekeun C. Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Zhaobin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Jeffrey J. Olson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Xiaoping P. Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Hyunsuk Shim
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
- Correspondence to: H. Shim, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, 1701 Uppergate Drive, C5018, Atlanta, GA 30322, Tel: 404-778-4564, Fax: 404-712-5813,
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
Epigenetics refers to the study of mechanisms that alter gene expression without altering the primary DNA sequence. Epigenetic mechanisms are heritable and reversible. Over the last few decades, epigenetics has obtained a large importance in cancer research. Epigenetic alterations are widely described as essential players in cancer progression. They comprise DNA methylation, histone modifications, nucleosome positioning, and small, noncoding RNAs (miRNA, siRNA). They are involved in transcriptional changes and decisive events that will determine cell fate and phenotype. Epigenetics not only offers light into cancer biological processes, but also represents an attractive opportunity of reverting cancer-specific alterations, which may lead, in the future, to a possibility of stopping this disease. Epigenetic changes have been identified as putative cancer biomarkers for early detection, disease monitoring, prognosis, and risk assessment. Other epigenetic alterations are promising therapeutic targets and even therapeutic agents. Emerging discoveries in this area are already contributing to cancer management and monitoring, and a lot more progresses are expected in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Brait
- Division of Head and Neck Cancer Research, Department of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Alpizar YA, Chain B, Collins MK, Greenwood J, Katz D, Stauss HJ, Mitchison NA. Ten years of progress in vaccination against cancer: the need to counteract cancer evasion by dual targeting in future therapies. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2011; 60:1127-35. [PMID: 21479639 PMCID: PMC11028423 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-011-0985-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2010] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Although cancer immunology has made vigorous progress over the last decade, its future remains uncertain. Tumors have clearly proved subject to immune surveillance, leading to antigenic editing, and means of activating both T and B arms of the immune system have been devised. Therapeutic vaccination and monoclonal antibody therapy have so far proved disappointing, because tumors prove adept at evasion from immune control. Dual targeting could well counteract evasion, provided that the two targets are independent and are attacked simultaneously. This stage has nearly but not quite been reached in several forms of immunotherapy, particularly of B-cell cancers, although such treatment also carries hazards.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin Chain
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Mary K. Collins
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - John Greenwood
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL UK
| | - David Katz
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Hans J. Stauss
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
p53 in trichostatin A induced C6 glioma cell death. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2011; 1810:504-13. [PMID: 21376104 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2011.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2010] [Revised: 01/21/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors were demonstrated to induce cell cycle arrest, promote cell differentiation or apoptosis, and inhibit metastasis. HDAC inhibitors have thus emerged as a new class of anti-tumor agents for various types of tumors. However, the mechanisms by which HDAC inhibition-induced cell death remain to be fully defined. METHODS In the present study, we explored the apoptotic actions of trichostatin A (TSA), a HDAC inhibitor, in C6 glioma cells. RESULTS TSA activated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK), leading to p53 phosphorylation and activation. P53, a proapoptotic transcription factor, in turn transactivated the expression of a proapoptotic protein, Bax. In addition, survivin, a member of inhibitor of apoptotic protein, was significantly decreased in TSA-treated C6 cells. P53 recruited to the endogenous survivin promoter region was increased and accompanied by decreasing recruitment of SP1 in response to TSA. TSA was also shown to induce IKK dephosphorylation and to suppress NF-κB reporter activity. CONCLUSIONS TSA may cause C6 cell apoptosis through activating p38MAPK-p53 cascade resulting in Bax expression and survivin suppression. Negative regulation of IKK-NF-κB signaling may also lead to p53 activation and contribute to TSA apoptotic actions. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE TSA-induced p53 activation may occur through p53 modification by phosphorylation or by acetylation via IKK inactivation. The present study delineates, in part, the signaling pathways involved in TSA-induced glioma cell death.
Collapse
|
17
|
Uno M, Oba-Shinjo SM, Camargo AA, Moura RP, Aguiar PHD, Cabrera HN, Begnami M, Rosemberg S, Teixeira MJ, Marie SKN. Correlation of MGMT promoter methylation status with gene and protein expression levels in glioblastoma. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2011; 66:1747-55. [PMID: 22012047 PMCID: PMC3180167 DOI: 10.1590/s1807-59322011001000013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Accepted: 06/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES 1) To correlate the methylation status of the O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter to its gene and protein expression levels in glioblastoma and 2) to determine the most reliable method for using MGMT to predict the response to adjuvant therapy in patients with glioblastoma. BACKGROUND The MGMT gene is epigenetically silenced by promoter hypermethylation in gliomas, and this modification has emerged as a relevant predictor of therapeutic response. METHODS Fifty-one cases of glioblastoma were analyzed for MGMT promoter methylation by methylation-specific PCR and pyrosequencing, gene expression by real time polymerase chain reaction, and protein expression by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS MGMT promoter methylation was found in 43.1% of glioblastoma by methylation-specific PCR and 38.8% by pyrosequencing. A low level of MGMT gene expression was correlated with positive MGMT promoter methylation (p = 0.001). However, no correlation was found between promoter methylation and MGMT protein expression (p = 0.297). The mean survival time of glioblastoma patients submitted to adjuvant therapy was significantly higher among patients with MGMT promoter methylation (log rank = 0.025 by methylation-specific PCR and 0.004 by pyrosequencing), and methylation was an independent predictive factor that was associated with improved prognosis by multivariate analysis. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION MGMT promoter methylation status was a more reliable predictor of susceptibility to adjuvant therapy and prognosis of glioblastoma than were MGMT protein or gene expression levels. Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction and pyrosequencing methods were both sensitive methods for determining MGMT promoter methylation status using DNA extracted from frozen tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miyuki Uno
- Department of Neurology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|