1
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Vitale S, Calapà F, Colonna F, Luongo F, Biffoni M, De Maria R, Fiori ME. Advancements in 3D In Vitro Models for Colorectal Cancer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2405084. [PMID: 38962943 PMCID: PMC11348154 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202405084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
The process of drug discovery and pre-clinical testing is currently inefficient, expensive, and time-consuming. Most importantly, the success rate is unsatisfactory, as only a small percentage of tested drugs are made available to oncological patients. This is largely due to the lack of reliable models that accurately predict drug efficacy and safety. Even animal models often fail to replicate human-specific pathologies and human body's complexity. These factors, along with ethical concerns regarding animal use, urge the development of suitable human-relevant, translational in vitro models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Vitale
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine (OMM)Istituto Superiore di SanitàViale Regina Elena 299Rome00161Italy
| | - Federica Calapà
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia traslazionaleUniversità Cattolica del Sacro CuoreLargo F. Vito 1RomeItaly
| | - Francesca Colonna
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine (OMM)Istituto Superiore di SanitàViale Regina Elena 299Rome00161Italy
| | - Francesca Luongo
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia traslazionaleUniversità Cattolica del Sacro CuoreLargo F. Vito 1RomeItaly
| | - Mauro Biffoni
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine (OMM)Istituto Superiore di SanitàViale Regina Elena 299Rome00161Italy
| | - Ruggero De Maria
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia traslazionaleUniversità Cattolica del Sacro CuoreLargo F. Vito 1RomeItaly
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” – IRCCSLargo F. Vito 1RomeItaly
| | - Micol E. Fiori
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine (OMM)Istituto Superiore di SanitàViale Regina Elena 299Rome00161Italy
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2
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Minegishi M, Kuchimaru T, Nishikawa K, Isagawa T, Iwano S, Iida K, Hara H, Miura S, Sato M, Watanabe S, Shiomi A, Mabuchi Y, Hamana H, Kishi H, Sato T, Sawaki D, Sato S, Hanazono Y, Suzuki A, Kohro T, Kadonosono T, Shimogori T, Miyawaki A, Takeda N, Shintaku H, Kizaka-Kondoh S, Nishimura S. Secretory GFP reconstitution labeling of neighboring cells interrogates cell-cell interactions in metastatic niches. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8031. [PMID: 38052804 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43855-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells inevitably interact with neighboring host tissue-resident cells during the process of metastatic colonization, establishing a metastatic niche to fuel their survival, growth, and invasion. However, the underlying mechanisms in the metastatic niche are yet to be fully elucidated owing to the lack of methodologies for comprehensively studying the mechanisms of cell-cell interactions in the niche. Here, we improve a split green fluorescent protein (GFP)-based genetically encoded system to develop secretory glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored reconstitution-activated proteins to highlight intercellular connections (sGRAPHIC) for efficient fluorescent labeling of tissue-resident cells that neighbor on and putatively interact with cancer cells in deep tissues. The sGRAPHIC system enables the isolation of metastatic niche-associated tissue-resident cells for their characterization using a single-cell RNA sequencing platform. We use this sGRAPHIC-leveraged transcriptomic platform to uncover gene expression patterns in metastatic niche-associated hepatocytes in a murine model of liver metastasis. Among the marker genes of metastatic niche-associated hepatocytes, we identify Lgals3, encoding galectin-3, as a potential pro-metastatic factor that accelerates metastatic growth and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misa Minegishi
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kuchimaru
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Saitama, Japan.
- Graduate School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.
- Data Science Center, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.
| | | | - Takayuki Isagawa
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
- Data Science Center, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Satoshi Iwano
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
- Institute for Tenure Track Promotion, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Kei Iida
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Hara
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shizuka Miura
- Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Marika Sato
- MediGear International Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | | | - Yo Mabuchi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
- School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hamana
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kishi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Tatsuyuki Sato
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Daigo Sawaki
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
- Clinical Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shigeru Sato
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yutaka Hanazono
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Atsushi Suzuki
- Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takahide Kohro
- Data Science Center, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kadonosono
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | | | - Norihiko Takeda
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | | | - Shinae Kizaka-Kondoh
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nishimura
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
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3
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Tsilimigras DI, Ntanasis-Stathopoulos I, Pawlik TM. Molecular Mechanisms of Colorectal Liver Metastases. Cells 2023; 12:1657. [PMID: 37371127 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is the most frequently target for metastasis among patients with colorectal cancer mainly because of the portal vein circulation that directly connects the colon and rectum with the liver. The liver tumor microenvironment consists of different cell types each with unique characteristics and functions that modulate the antigen recognition and immune system activation. Primary tumors from other sites "prime" the liver prior to the seeding of cancer cells, creating a pre-metastatic niche. Following invasion into the liver, four different phases are key to the development of liver metastases: a microvascular phase in which cancer cells infiltrate and become trapped in sinusoidal vessels; an extravascular, pre-angiogenic phase; an angiogenic phase that supplies oxygen and nutrients to cancer cells; and a growth phase in which metastatic cells multiply and enlarge to form detectable tumors. Exosomes carry proteins, lipids, as well as genetic information that can create a pre-metastatic niche in distant sites, including the liver. The complexity of angiogenic mechanisms and the exploitation of the vasculature in situ by cancer cells have limited the efficacy of currently available anti-angiogenic therapies. Delineating the molecular mechanisms implicated in colorectal liver metastases is crucial to understand and predict tumor progression; the development of distant metastases; and resistance to chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diamantis I Tsilimigras
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, 395 W. 12th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ioannis Ntanasis-Stathopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Alexandra General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Timothy M Pawlik
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, 395 W. 12th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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4
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The Association of Integrins β3, β4, and αVβ5 on Exosomes, CTCs and Tumor Cells with Localization of Distant Metastasis in Breast Cancer Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032929. [PMID: 36769251 PMCID: PMC9918050 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrins are cell adhesion receptors, which play a role in breast cancer invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Moreover, it has been shown that exosomal integrins provide organotropic metastasis in a mouse model. In our study, we aimed to investigate the expression of integrins β3, β4, and αVβ5 on exosomes and tumor cells (circulating tumor cells and primary tumor) and their association with the localization of distant metastasis. We confirmed the association of exosomal integrin β4 with lung metastasis in breast cancer patients. However, we were unable to evaluate the role of integrin β3 in brain metastasis due to the rarity of this localization. We established no association of exosomal integrin αVβ5 with liver metastasis in our cohort of breast cancer patients. The further evaluation of β3, β4, and αVβ5 integrin expression on CTCs revealed an association of integrin β4 and αVβ5 with liver, but not the lung metastases. Integrin β4 in the primary tumor was associated with liver metastasis. Furthermore, an in-depth analysis of phenotypic characteristics of β4+ tumor cells revealed a significantly increased proportion of E-cadherin+ and CD44+CD24- cells in patients with liver metastases compared to patients with lung or no distant metastases.
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5
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Mödl B, Moritsch S, Zwolanek D, Eferl R. Type I and II interferon signaling in colorectal cancer liver metastasis. Cytokine 2023; 161:156075. [PMID: 36323190 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.156075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Traditional chemotherapy extended the lifespan of cancer patients by only a few months, but targeted therapies and immunotherapy prolonged survival and led to long-term remissions in some cases. Type I and II interferons have direct pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative effects on cancer cells and stimulate anti-cancer immunity. As a result, interferon production by cells in the tumor microenvironment is in the spotlight of immunotherapies as it affects the responses of anti-cancer immune cells. However, promoting effects of interferons on colorectal cancer metastasis have also been reported. Here we summarize our knowledge about pro- and anti-metastatic effects of type I and II interferons in colorectal cancer liver metastasis and discuss possible therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette Mödl
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Moritsch
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Zwolanek
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Eferl
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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6
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Przygodzka P, Sochacka E, Soboska K, Pacholczyk M, Papiewska-Pająk I, Przygodzki T, Płociński P, Ballet S, De Prins A, Boncela J. Neuromedin U induces an invasive phenotype in CRC cells expressing the NMUR2 receptor. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:283. [PMID: 34493299 PMCID: PMC8422652 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02073-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Successful colorectal cancer (CRC) therapy often depends on the accurate identification of primary tumours with invasive potential. There is still a lack of identified pathological factors associated with disease recurrence that could help in making treatment decisions. Neuromedin U (NMU) is a secretory neuropeptide that was first isolated from the porcine spinal cord, and it has emerged as a novel factor involved in the tumorigenesis and/or metastasis of many types of cancers. Previously associated with processes leading to CRC cell invasiveness, NMU has the potential to be a marker of poor outcome, but it has not been extensively studied in CRC. Methods Data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were used to analyse NMU and NMU receptor (NMUR1 and NMUR2) expression in CRC tissues vs. normal tissues, and real-time PCR was used for NMU and NMU receptor expression analysis. NMU protein detection was performed by immunoblotting. Secreted NMU was immunoprecipitated from cell culture-conditioned media and analysed by immunoblotting and protein sequencing. DNA demethylation by 5-aza-CdR was used to analyse the regulation of NMUR1 and NMUR2 expression. NMU receptor activity was monitored by detecting calcium mobilisation in cells loaded with fluo-4, and ERK1/2 kinase activation was detected after treatment with NMU or receptor agonist. Cell migration and invasion were investigated using membrane filters. Integrin expression was evaluated by flow cytometry. Results The obtained data revealed elevated expression of NMU and NMUR2 in CRC tissue samples and variable expression in the analysed CRC cell lines. We have shown, for the first time, that NMUR2 activation induces signalling in CRC cells and that NMU increases the motility and invasiveness of NMUR2-positive CRC cells and increases prometastatic integrin receptor subunit expression. Conclusions Our results show the ability of CRC cells to respond to NMU via activation of the NMUR2 receptor, which ultimately leads to a shift in the CRC phenotype towards a more invasive phenotype. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-021-02073-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Przygodzka
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Ewelina Sochacka
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232, Lodz, Poland.,Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Kamila Soboska
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232, Lodz, Poland.,Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marcin Pacholczyk
- Department of Systems Biology and Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 16, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | | | - Tomasz Przygodzki
- Department of Haemostasis and Haemostatic Disorders, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-235, Lodz, Poland
| | - Przemysław Płociński
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland
| | - Steven Ballet
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - An De Prins
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joanna Boncela
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232, Lodz, Poland
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7
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Li X, Ramadori P, Pfister D, Seehawer M, Zender L, Heikenwalder M. The immunological and metabolic landscape in primary and metastatic liver cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2021; 21:541-557. [PMID: 34326518 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-021-00383-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The liver is the sixth most common site of primary cancer in humans, and generally arises in a background of cirrhosis and inflammation. Moreover, the liver is frequently colonized by metastases from cancers of other organs (particularly the colon) because of its anatomical location and organization, as well as its unique metabolic and immunosuppressive environment. In this Review, we discuss how the hepatic microenvironment adapts to pathologies characterized by chronic inflammation and metabolic alterations. We illustrate how these immunological or metabolic changes alter immunosurveillance and thus hinder or promote the development of primary liver cancer. In addition, we describe how inflammatory and metabolic niches affect the spreading of cancer metastases into or within the liver. Finally, we review the current therapeutic options in this context and the resulting challenges that must be surmounted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pierluigi Ramadori
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dominik Pfister
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marco Seehawer
- Department of Medical Oncology and Pneumology (Internal Medicine VIII), University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lars Zender
- Department of Medical Oncology and Pneumology (Internal Medicine VIII), University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- German Cancer Research Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Tübingen, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mathias Heikenwalder
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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8
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Zeng X, Ward SE, Zhou J, Cheng ASL. Liver Immune Microenvironment and Metastasis from Colorectal Cancer-Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2418. [PMID: 34067719 PMCID: PMC8156220 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A drastic difference exists between the 5-year survival rates of colorectal cancer patients with localized cancer and distal organ metastasis. The liver is the most favorable organ for cancer metastases from the colorectum. Beyond the liver-colon anatomic relationship, emerging evidence highlights the impact of liver immune microenvironment on colorectal liver metastasis. Prior to cancer cell dissemination, hepatocytes secrete multiple factors to recruit or activate immune cells and stromal cells in the liver to form a favorable premetastatic niche. The liver-resident cells including Kupffer cells, hepatic stellate cells, and liver-sinusoidal endothelial cells are co-opted by the recruited cells, such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells and tumor-associated macrophages, to establish an immunosuppressive liver microenvironment suitable for tumor cell colonization and outgrowth. Current treatments including radical surgery, systemic therapy, and localized therapy have only achieved good clinical outcomes in a minority of colorectal cancer patients with liver metastasis, which is further hampered by high recurrence rate. Better understanding of the mechanisms governing the metastasis-prone liver immune microenvironment should open new immuno-oncology avenues for liver metastasis intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhen Zeng
- Department of Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Simon E Ward
- Medicines Discovery Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Jingying Zhou
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Alfred S L Cheng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
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9
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Abstract
Liver metastases are commonly detected in a range of malignancies including colorectal cancer (CRC), pancreatic cancer, melanoma, lung cancer and breast cancer, although CRC is the most common primary cancer that metastasizes to the liver. Interactions between tumour cells and the tumour microenvironment play an important part in the engraftment, survival and progression of the metastases. Various cells including liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, Kupffer cells, hepatic stellate cells, parenchymal hepatocytes, dendritic cells, resident natural killer cells as well as other immune cells such as monocytes, macrophages and neutrophils are implicated in promoting and sustaining metastases in the liver. Four key phases (microvascular, pre-angiogenic, angiogenic and growth phases) have been identified in the process of liver metastasis. Imaging modalities such as ultrasonography, CT, MRI and PET scans are typically used for the diagnosis of liver metastases. Surgical resection remains the main potentially curative treatment among patients with resectable liver metastases. The role of liver transplantation in the management of liver metastasis remains controversial. Systemic therapies, newer biologic agents (for example, bevacizumab and cetuximab) and immunotherapeutic agents have revolutionized the treatment options for liver metastases. Moving forward, incorporation of genetic tests can provide more accurate information to guide clinical decision-making and predict prognosis among patients with liver metastases.
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10
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Okita K, Hara Y, Okura H, Hayashi H, Sasaki Y, Masuko S, Kitadai E, Masuko K, Yoshimoto S, Hayashi N, Sugiura R, Endo Y, Okazaki S, Arai S, Yoshioka T, Matsumoto T, Makino Y, Komiyama H, Sakamoto K, Masuko T. Antitumor effects of novel mAbs against cationic amino acid transporter 1 (CAT1) on human CRC with amplified CAT1 gene. Cancer Sci 2020; 112:563-574. [PMID: 33211385 PMCID: PMC7894011 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Copy number alterations detected by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) can lead to the identification of novel cancer‐related genes. We analyzed chromosomal aberrations in a set of 100 human primary colorectal cancers (CRCs) using CGH and found a solute carrier (SLC) 7A1 gene, which encodes cationic amino acid transporter 1 (CAT1) with 14 putative transmembrane domains, in a chromosome region (13q12.3) with a high frequency of gene amplifications. SLC7A1/CAT1 is a transporter responsible for the uptake of cationic amino acids (arginine, lysine, and ornithine) essential for cellular growth. Microarray and PCR analyses have revealed that mRNA transcribed from CAT1 is overexpressed in more than 70% of human CRC samples, and RNA interference–mediated knockdown of CAT1 inhibited the cell growth of CRCs. Rats were immunized with rat hepatoma cells expressing CAT1 tagged with green fluorescent protein (GFP), and rat splenocytes were fused with mouse myeloma cells. Five rat monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) (CA1 ~ CA5) reacting with HEK293 cells expressing CAT1‐GFP in a GFP expression–dependent manner were selected from established hybridoma clones. Novel anti‐CAT1 mAbs selectively reacted with human CRC tumor tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues according to immuno‐histochemical staining and bound strongly to numerous human cancer cell lines by flow cytometry. Anti‐CAT1 mAbs exhibited internalization activity, antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity, and migration inhibition activity against CRC cell lines. Furthermore, CA2 inhibited the in vivo growth of human HT29 and SW‐C4 CRC tumors in nude mice. This study suggested CAT1 to be a promising target for mAb therapy against CRCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouki Okita
- Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan.,Production and Manufacturing, Carna Biosciences, Inc., Kobe, Japan
| | - Yuta Hara
- Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Okura
- Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidemi Hayashi
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Sasaki
- Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sachiko Masuko
- Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan.,Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eri Kitadai
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazue Masuko
- Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Soshi Yoshimoto
- Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Natsumi Hayashi
- Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Reiko Sugiura
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuichi Endo
- Natural Drug Resources, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shogo Okazaki
- Division of Cell Fate Regulation, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sayaka Arai
- Field of Basic Science, Department of Occupational therapy, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Yoshioka
- Field of Basic Science, Department of Occupational therapy, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Matsumoto
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Makino
- Department of Coloproctological Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Komiyama
- Department of Coloproctological Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sakamoto
- Department of Coloproctological Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Masuko
- Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan.,Natural Drug Resources, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
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11
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Capasso D, Del Gatto A, Comegna D, Russo L, Fattorusso R, Saviano M, Di Gaetano S, Zaccaro L. Selective Targeting of αvβ5 Integrin in HepG2 Cell Line by RGDechi15D Peptide. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184298. [PMID: 32961684 PMCID: PMC7570809 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the research community has become increasingly concerned with the receptor αvβ5, a member of the well-known integrin family. Different ongoing studies have evidenced that αvβ5 integrin regulates not only physiological processes but also a wide array of pathological events, suggesting the receptor as a valuable biomarker to specifically target for therapeutic/diagnostic purposes. Remarkably, in some tumors the involvement of the receptor in cell proliferation, tumor dissemination and angiogenesis is well-documented. In this scenario, the availability of a selective αvβ5 antagonist without ‘off-target’ protein effects may improve survival rate in patients with highly aggressive tumors, such as hepatocellular carcinoma. We recently reported a cyclic peptide, RGDechi15D, obtained by structure-activity studies. To our knowledge it represents the first peptide-based molecule reported in the literature able to specifically bind αvβ5 integrin and not cross react with αvβ3. Here we demonstrated the ability of the peptide to diminish both adhesion and invasion of HepG2 cells, an in vitro model system for hepatocellular carcinoma, to reduce the cell proliferation through an apoptotic process, and to interfere with the PI3K pathway. The peptide, also decreases the formation of new vessels in endothelial cells. Taken together these results indicate that the peptide can be considered a promising molecule with properties suited to be assessed in the future for its validation as a selective therapeutic/diagnostic weapon in hepatocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenica Capasso
- CESTEV, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80145 Naples, Italy;
- CIRPeB, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80134 Naples, Italy; (A.D.G.); (R.F.); (M.S.)
| | - Annarita Del Gatto
- CIRPeB, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80134 Naples, Italy; (A.D.G.); (R.F.); (M.S.)
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, 80134 Naples, Italy;
| | - Daniela Comegna
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, 80134 Naples, Italy;
| | - Luigi Russo
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy;
| | - Roberto Fattorusso
- CIRPeB, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80134 Naples, Italy; (A.D.G.); (R.F.); (M.S.)
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy;
| | - Michele Saviano
- CIRPeB, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80134 Naples, Italy; (A.D.G.); (R.F.); (M.S.)
- Institute of Crystallography, CNR, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Sonia Di Gaetano
- CIRPeB, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80134 Naples, Italy; (A.D.G.); (R.F.); (M.S.)
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, 80134 Naples, Italy;
- Correspondence: (S.D.G.); (L.Z.)
| | - Laura Zaccaro
- CIRPeB, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80134 Naples, Italy; (A.D.G.); (R.F.); (M.S.)
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, 80134 Naples, Italy;
- Correspondence: (S.D.G.); (L.Z.)
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12
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Abstract
The liver is the largest organ in the human body and is prone for cancer metastasis. Although the metastatic pattern can differ depending on the cancer type, the liver is the organ to which cancer cells most frequently metastasize for the majority of prevalent malignancies. The liver is unique in several aspects: the vascular structure is highly permeable and has unparalleled dual blood connectivity, and the hepatic tissue microenvironment presents a natural soil for the seeding of disseminated tumor cells. Although 70% of the liver is composed of the parenchymal hepatocytes, the remaining 30% is composed of nonparenchymal cells including Kupffer cells, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, and hepatic stellate cells. Recent discoveries show that both the parenchymal and the nonparenchymal cells can modulate each step of the hepatic metastatic cascade, including the initial seeding and colonization as well as the decision to undergo dormancy versus outgrowth. Thus, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms orchestrating the formation of a hospitable hepatic metastatic niche and the identification of the drivers supporting this process is critical for the development of better therapies to stop or at least decrease liver metastasis. The focus of this perspective is on the bidirectional interactions between the disseminated cancer cells and the unique hepatic metastatic niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainhoa Mielgo
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GE, United Kingdom
| | - Michael C Schmid
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GE, United Kingdom
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13
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Okita K, Okazaki S, Uejima S, Yamada E, Kaminaka H, Kondo M, Ueda S, Tokiwa R, Iwata N, Yamasaki A, Hayashi N, Ogura D, Hirotani K, Yoshioka T, Inoue M, Masuko K, Masuko T. Novel functional anti-HER3 monoclonal antibodies with potent anti-cancer effects on various human epithelial cancers. Oncotarget 2020; 11:31-45. [PMID: 32002122 PMCID: PMC6967776 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance of progressive cancers against chemotherapy is a serious clinical problem. In this context, human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (HER3) can play important roles in drug resistance to HER1- and HER2- targeted therapies. Since clinical testing of anti-HER3 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) such as patritumab could not show remarkable effect compared with existing drugs, we generated novel mAbs against anti-HER3. Novel rat mAbs reacted with HEK293 cells expressing HER3, but not with cells expressing HER1, HER2 or HER4. Specificity of mAbs was substantiated by the loss of mAb binding with knockdown by siRNA and knockout of CRISPR/Cas9-based genome-editing. Analyses of CDR sequence and germline segment have revealed that seven mAbs are classified to four groups, and the binding of patritumab was inhibited by one of seven mAbs. Seven mAbs have shown reactivity with various human epithelial cancer cells, strong internalization activity of cell-surface HER3, and inhibition of NRG1 binding, NRG1-dependent HER3 phosphorylation and cell growth. Anti-HER3 mAbs were also reactive with in vivo tumor tissues and cancer tissue-originated spheroid. Ab4 inhibited in vivo tumor growth of human colon cancer cells in nude mice. Present mAbs may be superior to existing anti-HER3 mAbs and support existing anti-cancer therapeutic mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouki Okita
- Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashiosaka, Osaka, Japan.,Production and Manufacturing, Carna Biosciences, Inc., BMA, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shogo Okazaki
- Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashiosaka, Osaka, Japan.,Division of Development and Aging, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shinya Uejima
- Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashiosaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Erina Yamada
- Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashiosaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kaminaka
- Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashiosaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Misa Kondo
- Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashiosaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shiho Ueda
- Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashiosaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryo Tokiwa
- Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashiosaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nami Iwata
- Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashiosaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akitaka Yamasaki
- Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashiosaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Natsumi Hayashi
- Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashiosaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Dai Ogura
- Link Genomics, Inc., Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Hirotani
- Oncology Clinical Development Department, R&D Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Yoshioka
- Field of Basic Science, Department of Occupational therapy, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - Masahiro Inoue
- Department of Clinical Bio-Resource Research and Development, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazue Masuko
- Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashiosaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Masuko
- Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashiosaka, Osaka, Japan
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14
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Krasanakis T, Nikolouzakis TK, Sgantzos M, Mariolis-Sapsakos T, Souglakos J, Spandidos DA, Tsitsimpikou C, Tsatsakis A, Tsiaoussis J. Role of anabolic agents in colorectal carcinogenesis: Myths and realities (Review). Oncol Rep 2019; 42:2228-2244. [PMID: 31578582 PMCID: PMC6826302 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the four leading causes of cancer‑related mortality worldwide. Even though over the past few decades the global scientific community has made tremendous efforts to understand this entity, many questions remain to be raised on this issue and even more to be answered. Epidemiological findings have unveiled numerous environmental and genetic risk factors, each one contributing to a certain degree to the final account of new CRC cases. Moreover, different trends have been revealed regarding the age of onset of CRC between the two sexes. That, in addition to newly introduced therapeutic approaches for various diseases based on androgens, anti‑androgens and anabolic hormones has raised some concerns regarding their possible carcinogenic effects or their synergistic potential with other substances/risk factors, predisposing the individual to CRC. Notably, despite the intense research on experimental settings and population studies, the conclusions regarding the majority of anabolic substances are ambiguous. Some of these indicate the carcinogenic properties of testosterone, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), growth hormone and insulin‑like growth factor (IGF) and others, demonstrating their neutral nature or even their protective one, as in the case of vitamin D. Thus, the synergistic nature of anabolic substances with other CRC risk factors (such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome and smoking) has emerged, suggesting a more holistic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore Krasanakis
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Markos Sgantzos
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41221 Larissa, Greece
| | - Theodore Mariolis-Sapsakos
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Agioi Anargyroi General and Oncologic Hospital of Kifisia, 14564 Athens, Greece
| | - John Souglakos
- Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Demetrios A. Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71409 Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71409 Heraklion, Greece
| | - John Tsiaoussis
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
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15
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Zhang Q, Yu J, Guo T, Tian L, Quan J, Lin W, Niu X, Liu J. High glucose/ox-LDL induced hepatic sinusoidal capillarization via αvβ5/FAK/ERK signaling pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 513:1055-1062. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.04.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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16
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Hosoda K, Yamashita K, Ushiku H, Ema A, Moriya H, Mieno H, Washio M, Watanabe M. Prognostic relevance of FGFR2 expression in stage II/III gastric cancer with curative resection and S-1 chemotherapy. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:1853-1860. [PMID: 29434882 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Curative gastrectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy using S-1 is a standard treatment for stage II/III gastric cancer in Japan. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the prognostic relevance of fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR)2 expression in patients with stage II/III gastric cancer that underwent postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy with S-1. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded surgical specimens were retrospectively examined in 167 patients with stage II/III gastric cancer that underwent curative gastrectomy followed by adjuvant S1 chemotherapy. FGFR2 expression was measured using immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. The IHC results for FGFR2 were as follows: Grade 1+, 32; grade 2+, 80; grade 3+, 55 patients. The FGFR2 expression level was not significantly associated with relapse-free or overall survival rates. However, in the diffuse type, the FGFR2 expression level tended to be negatively correlated with relapse-free survival. In particular, the proportion of patients who recurred >5 years following surgery was significantly larger in the FGFR2 grade 3+ group than in the grade 1+, 2+ group (4/22 vs. 1/35; P=0.047). The recurrent sites of long-term failure were mostly peritoneum among the diffuse type. To the best of our knowledge, the present study indicated for the first time that FGFR2 could predict long-term failure of adjuvant S-1 chemotherapy in curative advanced gastric cancer. There was no interaction between FGFR2 expression and patient survival outcomes in stage II/III gastric cancer. Patients with FGFR2 3+ in stage II/III gastric cancer should carefully be followed-up for >5 years after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Hosoda
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Keishi Yamashita
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Hideki Ushiku
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Akira Ema
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Moriya
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Mieno
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Marie Washio
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
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17
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Kanda Y, Osaki M, Onuma K, Sonoda A, Kobayashi M, Hamada J, Nicolson GL, Ochiya T, Okada F. Amigo2-upregulation in Tumour Cells Facilitates Their Attachment to Liver Endothelial Cells Resulting in Liver Metastases. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43567. [PMID: 28272394 PMCID: PMC5341090 DOI: 10.1038/srep43567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since liver metastasis is the main cause of death in cancer patients, we attempted to identify the driver gene involved. QRsP-11 fibrosarcoma cells were injected into the spleens of syngeneic mice to isolate tumour sub-populations that colonize the liver. Cells from liver metastatic nodules were established and subsequently injected intrasplenically for selection. After 12 cycles, the cell subline LV12 was obtained. Intravenous injection of LV12 cells produced more liver metastases than QRsP-11 cells, whereas the incidence of lung metastases was similar to that of QRsP-11 cells. LV12 cells adhered to liver-derived but not to lung-derived endothelial cells. DNA chip analysis showed that amphoterin-induced gene and open reading frame 2 (Amigo2) was overexpressed in LV12 cells. siRNA-mediated knockdown of Amigo2 expression in LV12 cells attenuated liver endothelial cell adhesion. Ex vivo imaging showed that suppression of Amigo2 in luciferase-expressing LV12 cells reduced attachment/metastasis to liver to the same level as that observed with QRsP-11 cells. Forced expression of Amigo2 in QRsP-11 cells increased liver endothelial cell adhesion and liver metastasis. Additionally, Amigo2 expression in human cancers was higher in liver metastatic lesions than in primary lesions. Thus, Amigo2 regulated tumour cell adhesion to liver endothelial cells and formation of liver metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kanda
- Division of Pathological Biochemistry, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Osaki
- Division of Pathological Biochemistry, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan.,Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Kunishige Onuma
- Division of Pathological Biochemistry, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
| | - Ayana Sonoda
- Division of Pathological Biochemistry, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
| | - Masanobu Kobayashi
- Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, School of Nursing and Social Services, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Japan
| | - Junichi Hamada
- Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, School of Nursing and Social Services, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Japan
| | - Garth L Nicolson
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Institute for Molecular Medicine, South Laguna Beach, CA, USA
| | - Takahiro Ochiya
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Futoshi Okada
- Division of Pathological Biochemistry, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan.,Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
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18
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Roshan MHK, Tambo A, Pace NP. The role of testosterone in colorectal carcinoma: pathomechanisms and open questions. EPMA J 2016; 7:22. [PMID: 27833666 PMCID: PMC5103431 DOI: 10.1186/s13167-016-0071-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth commonest type of malignancy after breast, lung and prostate in the USA and accounts for approximately 49,190 deaths annually in USA alone. The 5-year survival rate of CRC has increased over the past decades, in part, due to greater awareness and the widespread implementation of national screening programmes. Recently, a number of studies reported that males have a higher risk of developing CRC due to the action of testosterone. Testosterone is an androgen that is responsible for the development of male secondary sex characteristics and for spermatogenesis. Studies on rats with mutated Apc tumour-suppressor gene subjected to either ovariectomy or orchidectomy exhibit different risks of CRC. Female rats subjected to ovariectomy are at higher risk of CRC, whereas orchidectomised male rats exhibit a lower risk of developing CRC. Sex hormones, in particular estrogen and testosterone, play a significant role in the development of CRC since the anti-neoplastic effect of estrogen lost during ovariectomy increases the risk of females developing CRC. Male mice exposed to testosterone after orchidectomy were also at greater risk than those who were orchidectomised but administered placebo only. Moreover, the recently established role of membrane androgen receptors in regression of CRC via non-genomic androgen-dependent action sets these receptors apart from intracellular androgen receptors (iARs) which themselves promote CRC development. In addition, testosterone-albumin conjugates are selective to membrane androgen receptors (mARs) and lead to apoptosis via caspase-3 activation. Akt kinases promote invasion of colon cancer cells when phosphorylated. These kinases are dephosphorylated upon activation of mARs, thereby reducing colon cancer cell motility and invasiveness. Testosterone similarly plays important roles in human CRC. Long cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) repeats in the gene for the androgen receptors have been associated with a poor 5-year survival compared to shorter CAG repeats. Very recently, the measurement of serum unbound testosterone has been suggested as a novel biomarker along with carcinoembryonic antigen in CRC. In conclusion, testosterone may promote the development of CRC via a number of pathways, which may place males at greater risk. Testosterone holds promise as a potential biomarker in CRC risk prediction; however, further studies are required to better define its role in colorectal neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsin H K Roshan
- Department of Anatomy, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Malta, Msida, MSD2080 Malta
| | - Amos Tambo
- Department of Anatomy, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Malta, Msida, MSD2080 Malta
| | - Nikolai P Pace
- Department of Anatomy, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Malta, Msida, MSD2080 Malta
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19
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Brodt P. Role of the Microenvironment in Liver Metastasis: From Pre- to Prometastatic Niches. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:5971-5982. [PMID: 27797969 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-0460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Liver metastases remain a major barrier to successful management of malignant disease, particularly for cancers of the gastrointestinal tract but also for other malignancies, such as breast carcinoma and melanoma. The ability of metastatic cells to survive and proliferate in the liver is determined by the outcome of complex, reciprocal interactions between tumor cells and different local resident subpopulations, including the sinusoidal endothelium, stellate, Kupffer, and inflammatory cells that are mediated through cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix adhesion and the release of soluble factors. Cross-communication between different hepatic resident cells in response to local tissue damage and inflammation and the recruitment of bone marrow cells further enhance this intercellular communication network. Both resident and recruited cells can play opposing roles in the progression of metastasis, and the balance of these divergent effects determines whether the tumor cells will die, proliferate, and colonize the new site or enter a state of dormancy. Moreover, this delicate balance can be tilted in favor of metastasis, if factors produced by the primary tumor precondition the microenvironment to form niches of activated resident cells that promote tumor expansion. This review aims to summarize current knowledge on these diverse interactions and the impact they can have on the clinical management of hepatic metastases. Clin Cancer Res; 22(24); 5971-82. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pnina Brodt
- Departments of Surgery, Medicine, and Oncology, McGill University and the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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20
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Caillaud K, Boisseau N, Ennequin G, Chavanelle V, Etienne M, Li X, Denis P, Dardevet D, Lacampagne A, Sirvent P. Neuregulin 1 improves glucose tolerance in adult and old rats. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2016; 42:96-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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21
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Zakraoui O, Marcinkiewicz C, Aloui Z, Othman H, Grépin R, Haoues M, Essafi M, Srairi-Abid N, Gasmi A, Karoui H, Pagès G, Essafi-Benkhadir K. Lebein, a snake venom disintegrin, suppresses human colon cancer cells proliferation and tumor-induced angiogenesis through cell cycle arrest, apoptosis induction and inhibition of VEGF expression. Mol Carcinog 2016; 56:18-35. [PMID: 26824338 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lebein, is an heterodimeric disintegrin isolated from Macrovipera lebetina snake venom that was previously characterized as an inhibitor of ADP-induced platelet aggregation. In this study, we investigated the effect of Lebein on the p53-dependent growth of human colon adenocarcinoma cell lines. We found that Lebein significantly inhibited LS174 (p53wt), HCT116 (p53wt), and HT29 (p53mut) colon cancer cell viability by inducing cell cycle arrest through the modulation of expression levels of the tumor suppression factor p53, cell cycle regulating proteins cyclin D1, CDK2, CDK4, retinoblastoma (Rb), CDK1, and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21 and p27. Interestingly, Lebein-induced apoptosis of colon cancer cells was dependent on their p53 status. Thus, in LS174 cells, cell death was associated with PARP cleavage and the activation of caspases 3 and 8 while in HCT116 cells, Lebein induced caspase-independent apoptosis through increased expression of apoptosis inducing factor (AIF). In LS174 cells, Lebein triggers the activation of the MAPK ERK1/2 pathway through induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). It also decreased cell adhesion and migration to fibronectin through down regulation of α5β1 integrin. Moreover, Lebein significantly reduced the expression of two angiogenesis stimulators, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Neuropilin 1 (NRP1). It inhibited the VEGF-induced neovascularization process in the quail embryonic CAM system and blocked the development of human colon adenocarcinoma in nude mice. Overall, our work indicates that Lebein may be useful to design a new therapy against colon cancer. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ons Zakraoui
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis, LR11IPT04 Laboratoire d'Epidémiologie Moléculaire et de Pathologie Expérimentale Appliquée Aux Maladies Infectieuses, Tunis, Tunisia.,Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Cezary Marcinkiewicz
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Zohra Aloui
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis, LR11IPT04 Laboratoire d'Epidémiologie Moléculaire et de Pathologie Expérimentale Appliquée Aux Maladies Infectieuses, Tunis, Tunisia.,Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Houcemeddine Othman
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.,Institut Pasteur de Tunis, LR11IPT08 Laboratoire des Venins et Biomolécules thérapeutiques, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Renaud Grépin
- Department of Biomedical, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 8 Quai Antoine Ier, Monaco, Principality of Monaco
| | - Meriam Haoues
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.,Institut Pasteur de Tunis, LR11IPT02 Laboratoire de Recherche sur la Transmission, le Contrôle et l'Immunobiologie des Infections, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Makram Essafi
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.,Institut Pasteur de Tunis, LR11IPT02 Laboratoire de Recherche sur la Transmission, le Contrôle et l'Immunobiologie des Infections, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Najet Srairi-Abid
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.,Institut Pasteur de Tunis, LR11IPT08 Laboratoire des Venins et Biomolécules thérapeutiques, Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Habib Karoui
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis, LR11IPT04 Laboratoire d'Epidémiologie Moléculaire et de Pathologie Expérimentale Appliquée Aux Maladies Infectieuses, Tunis, Tunisia.,Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Gilles Pagès
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN) UMR/7284 U1081, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Khadija Essafi-Benkhadir
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis, LR11IPT04 Laboratoire d'Epidémiologie Moléculaire et de Pathologie Expérimentale Appliquée Aux Maladies Infectieuses, Tunis, Tunisia.,Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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Lédel F, Stenstedt K, Hallström M, Ragnhammar P, Edler D. HER3 expression in primary colorectal cancer including corresponding metastases in lymph node and liver. Acta Oncol 2015; 54:480-6. [PMID: 25601452 DOI: 10.3109/0284186x.2014.983654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human epidermal growth factor receptor complex (EGFR-1, HER2, HER3 and HER4) plays an important role in pathogenesis of solid tumours. We have previously reported high expression of HER3 in 70% of primary colorectal cancer (CRC) and that high expression were linked to a worse clinical outcome. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the HER3 expression in primary CRC and metastases. MATERIAL AND METHODS Tissue samples from primary CRC, corresponding lymph node metastases and liver metastases from 107 patients were analysed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Of 107 patients, 80% showed high HER3 expression in primary CRC tumours and 81% of the stage III patients presented high expression in the lymph node metastases. All patients had liver metastases and 82% presented high HER3 expression. HER3 expression in primary tumour correlated with expression in the corresponding lymph node metastases (r = 0.65, p < 0.001) and in the liver metastases (r = 0.45, p < 0.001). A correlation between HER3 expression in corresponding lymph node and liver metastases (r = 0.65, p < 0.001) was seen. CONCLUSION High HER3 expression is seen in about 80% of primary CRC, corresponding lymph node metastases and liver metastases. There is a correlation between HER3 expression in primary tumour and metastases in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frida Lédel
- Institution of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
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23
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Ema A, Yamashita K, Ushiku H, Kojo K, Minatani N, Kikuchi M, Mieno H, Moriya H, Hosoda K, Katada N, Kikuchi S, Watanabe M. Immunohistochemical analysis of RTKs expression identified HER3 as a prognostic indicator of gastric cancer. Cancer Sci 2014; 105:1591-600. [PMID: 25455899 PMCID: PMC4317956 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 09/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Standard treatment in Japan for the 13th Japanese Gastric Cancer Association stage II/III advanced gastric cancer is postoperative adjuvant S-1 administration after curative surgery. High expression of receptor type tyrosine kinases (RTKs) has repeatedly represented poor prognosis for cancers. However it has not been demonstrated whether RTKs have prognostic relevance for stage II/III gastric cancer with standard treatment. Tumor tissues were obtained from 167 stage II/III advanced gastric cancer patients who underwent curative surgery and received postoperative S-1 chemotherapy from 2000 to 2010. Expression of the RTKs including EGFR, HER2, HER3, IGF-1R, and EphA2 was analyzed using immunohistochemistry (IHC). Analysis using a multivariate proportional hazard model identified the most significant RTKs that represented independent prognostic relevance. When tumor HER3 expression was classified into IHC 1+/2+ (n = 98) and IHC 0 (n = 69), the cumulative 5-year Relapse Free Survival (5y-RFS) was 56.5 and 82.9%, respectively (P = 0.0034). Significant prognostic relevance was similarly confirmed for IGF-1R (P = 0.014), and EGFR (P = 0.030), but not for EphA2 or HER2 expression. Intriguingly, HER3 expression was closely correlated with IGF-1R (P < 0.0001, R = 0.41), and EphA2 (P < 0.0001, R = 0.34) expression. Multivariate proportional hazard model analysis identified HER3 (IHC 1+/2+) (HR; 1.53, 95% CI, 1.11–2.16, P = 0.0078) as the sole RTK that was a poor prognostic factor independent of stage. Of the 53 patients who recurred, 40 patients (75.5%) were HER3-positive. Thus, of the RTKs studied, HER3 was the only RTK identified as an independent prognostic indicator of stage II/III advanced gastric cancer with standard treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Ema
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kitasato 1-15-1, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
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24
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Alamo P, Gallardo A, Di Nicolantonio F, Pavón MA, Casanova I, Trias M, Mangues MA, Lopez-Pousa A, Villaverde A, Vázquez E, Bardelli A, Céspedes MV, Mangues R. Higher metastatic efficiency of KRas G12V than KRas G13D in a colorectal cancer model. FASEB J 2014; 29:464-76. [PMID: 25359494 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-262303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although all KRas (protein that in humans is encoded by the KRas gene) point mutants are considered to have a similar prognostic capacity, their transformation and tumorigenic capacities vary widely. We compared the metastatic efficiency of KRas G12V (Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog with valine mutation at codon 12) and KRas G13D (Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog with aspartic mutation at codon 13) oncogenes in an orthotopic colorectal cancer (CRC) model. Following subcutaneous preconditioning, recombinant clones of the SW48 CRC cell line [Kras wild-type (Kras WT)] expressing the KRas G12V or KRas G13D allele were microinjected in the mouse cecum. The percentage of animals developing lymph node metastasis was higher in KRas G12V than in KRas G13D mice. Microscopic, macroscopic, and visible lymphatic foci were 1.5- to 3.0-fold larger in KRas G12V than in KRas G13D mice (P < 0.05). In the lung, only microfoci were developed in both groups. KRas G12V primary tumors had lower apoptosis (7.0 ± 1.2 vs. 7.4 ± 1.0 per field, P = 0.02), higher tumor budding at the invasion front (1.2 ± 0.2 vs. 0.6 ± 0.1, P = 0.04), and a higher percentage of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4)-overexpressing intravasated tumor emboli (49.8 ± 9.4% vs. 12.8 ± 4.4%, P < 0.001) than KRas G13D tumors. KRas G12V primary tumors showed Akt activation, and β5 integrin, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), and Serpine-1 overexpression, whereas KRas G13D tumors showed integrin β1 and angiopoietin 2 (Angpt2) overexpression. The increased cell survival, invasion, intravasation, and specific molecular regulation observed in KRas G12V tumors is consistent with the higher aggressiveness observed in patients with CRC expressing this oncogene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Alamo
- Oncogenesis and Antitumor Drug Group, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Gallardo
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Pathology, Clínica Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Federica Di Nicolantonio
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Candiolo Cancer Institute-Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia, Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Torino, Italy
| | - Miguel Angel Pavón
- Oncogenesis and Antitumor Drug Group, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isolda Casanova
- Oncogenesis and Antitumor Drug Group, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Trias
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Barcelona, Spain; Departments of General and Digestive Surgery
| | | | - Antonio Lopez-Pousa
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Barcelona, Spain; Medical Oncology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Villaverde
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, and
| | - Esther Vázquez
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, and
| | - Alberto Bardelli
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Candiolo Cancer Institute-Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia, Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Torino, Italy; Department de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; and FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - María Virtudes Céspedes
- Oncogenesis and Antitumor Drug Group, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramón Mangues
- Oncogenesis and Antitumor Drug Group, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Barcelona, Spain;
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25
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Dellinger AE, Nixon AB, Pang H. Integrative Pathway Analysis Using Graph-Based Learning with Applications to TCGA Colon and Ovarian Data. Cancer Inform 2014; 13:1-9. [PMID: 25125969 PMCID: PMC4125381 DOI: 10.4137/cin.s13634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent method development has included multi-dimensional genomic data algorithms because such methods have more accurately predicted clinical phenotypes related to disease. This study is the first to conduct an integrative genomic pathway-based analysis with a graph-based learning algorithm. The methodology of this analysis, graph-based semi-supervised learning, detects pathways that improve prediction of a dichotomous variable, which in this study is cancer stage. This analysis integrates genome-level gene expression, methylation, and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data in serous cystadenocarcinoma (OV) and colon adenocarcinoma (COAD). The top 10 ranked predictive pathways in COAD and OV were biologically relevant to their respective cancer stages and significantly enhanced prediction accuracy and area under the ROC curve (AUC) when compared to single data-type analyses. This method is an effective way to simultaneously predict binary clinical phenotypes and discover their biological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew E Dellinger
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Elon University, Elon, NC, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Andrew B Nixon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Herbert Pang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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26
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Chen M, Zhang Y, Yu VC, Chong YS, Yoshioka T, Ge R. Isthmin targets cell-surface GRP78 and triggers apoptosis via induction of mitochondrial dysfunction. Cell Death Differ 2014; 21:797-810. [PMID: 24464222 PMCID: PMC3978310 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2014.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2013] [Revised: 12/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Isthmin (ISM) is a secreted 60-kDa protein that potently induces endothelial cell (EC) apoptosis. It suppresses tumor growth and angiogenesis in mice when stably overexpressed in cancer cells. Although αvβ5 integrin serves as a low-affinity receptor for ISM, the mechanism by which ISM mediates antiangiogenesis and apoptosis in ECs remain to be fully resolved. In this work, we report the identification of cell-surface glucose-regulated protein 78 kDa (GRP78) as a high-affinity receptor for ISM (Kd=8.6 nM). We demonstrated that ISM-GRP78 interaction triggers apoptosis not only in activated ECs but also in cancer cells expressing high level of cell-surface GRP78. Normal cells and benign tumor cells tend to express low level of cell-surface GRP78 and are resistant to ISM-induced apoptosis. Upon binding to GRP78, ISM is internalized into ECs through clathrin-dependent endocytosis that is essential for its proapoptotic activity. Once inside the cell, ISM co-targets with GRP78 to mitochondria where it interacts with ADP/ATP carriers on the inner membrane and blocks ATP transport from mitochondria to cytosol, thereby causing apoptosis. Hence, ISM is a novel proapoptotic ligand that targets cell-surface GRP78 to trigger apoptosis by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction. The restricted and high-level expression of cell-surface GRP78 on cancer cells and cancer ECs make them uniquely susceptible to ISM-targeted apoptosis. Indeed, systemic delivery of recombinant ISM potently suppressed subcutaneous 4T1 breast carcinoma and B16 melanoma growth in mice by eliciting apoptosis selectively in the cancer cells and cancer ECs. Together, this work reveals a novel ISM-GRP78 apoptosis pathway and demonstrates the potential of ISM as a cancer-specific and dual-targeting anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - V C Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Y-S Chong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - T Yoshioka
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Tumor Pathology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - R Ge
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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27
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Ha SY, Shin J, Kim JH, Kang MS, Yoo HY, Kim HH, Um SH, Kim SH. Overexpression of integrin αv correlates with poor prognosis in colorectal cancer. J Clin Pathol 2014; 67:576-81. [PMID: 24695839 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2013-202163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Integrin αv subunits are involved in tumour angiogenesis and tumour progression in various types of cancers. Clinical trials evaluating agents targeting integrin αv are ongoing. Integrin αv expression has been reported in several cancers in association with tumour progression or poor survival. However, no study has addressed the prognostic influence of integrin αv expression on survival of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS Immunohistochemical staining of integrin αv was performed in 198 CRC samples to evaluate its prognostic significance. RESULTS High expression of integrin αv was observed in 58.1% (115/189) of colorectal adenocarcinoma samples, while only in 11.5% (3/26) of tubular adenoma samples and in none of normal mucosa or hyperplastic polyp samples. It was more frequently found in female patients and less frequently observed in well differentiated tumours. The proportion of cases with high expression of integrin αv showed an increasing trend with increased T stage (p=0.032), N stage (p=0.006) and TNM stage (p=0.001). Patients displaying exuberant expression of integrin αv showed shorter overall survival (p=0.001) and disease-free survival (p=0.004). Elevated integrin αv expression was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (HR: 2.04, 95% CI 1.16 to 3.56; p=0.013) and disease-free survival (HR: 2.19, 95% CI 1.16 to 4.13; p=0.015). CONCLUSIONS Overexpression of integrin αv is associated with advanced T and N stage and as an independent prognostic factor in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Yun Ha
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Juyoun Shin
- Division of Cancer Biology, Comparative Biomedicine Research Branch, Research Institute of National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jeong Hoon Kim
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung Soo Kang
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hae-Yong Yoo
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeon-Ho Kim
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Um
- Department of Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Seok-Hyung Kim
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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28
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Orlova A, Malm M, Rosestedt M, Varasteh Z, Andersson K, Selvaraju RK, Altai M, Honarvar H, Strand J, Ståhl S, Tolmachev V, Löfblom J. Imaging of HER3-expressing xenografts in mice using a (99m)Tc(CO) 3-HEHEHE-Z HER3:08699 affibody molecule. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2014; 41:1450-9. [PMID: 24622956 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-014-2733-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Human epidermal growth factor receptor type 3 (HER3) is a transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase belonging to the HER (ErbB) receptor family. Membranous expression of HER3 is associated with trastuzumab resistance in breast cancer and the transition to androgen independence in prostate cancer. Imaging of HER3 expression in malignant tumors may provide important diagnostic information that can influence patient management. Affibody molecules with low picomolar affinity to HER3 were recently selected. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of HER3 imaging using radiolabeled Affibody molecules. METHODS A HER3-binding Affibody molecule, Z08699, with a HEHEHE-tag on N-terminus was labeled with (99m)Tc(CO)3 using an IsoLink kit. In vitro and in vivo binding specificity and the cellular processing of the labeled binder were evaluated. Biodistribution of (99m)Tc(CO)3-HEHEHE-Z08699 was studied over time in mice bearing HER3-expressing xenografts. RESULTS HEHEHE-Z08699 was labeled with (99m)Tc(CO)3 with an isolated yield of >80 % and a purity of >99 %. Binding of (99m)Tc(CO)3-HEHEHE-Z08699 was specific to BT474 and MCF7 (breast cancer), and LS174T (colon cancer) cells. Cellular processing showed rapid binding and relatively quick internalization of the receptor/Affibody molecule complex (70 % of cell-associated radioactivity was internalized after 24 h). The tumor targeting was receptor mediated and the excretion was predominantly renal. Receptor-mediated uptake was also found in the liver, lung, stomach, intestine, and salivary glands. At 4 h pi, tumor-to-blood ratios were 7 ± 3 for BT474, and 6 ± 2 for LS174T xenografts. LS174T tumors were visualized by microSPECT 4 h pi. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest the feasibility of HER3-imaging in malignant tumors using Affibody molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Orlova
- Preclinical PET Platform, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden,
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Lédel F, Hallström M, Ragnhammar P, Öhrling K, Edler D. HER3 expression in patients with primary colorectal cancer and corresponding lymph node metastases related to clinical outcome. Eur J Cancer 2014; 50:656-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2013.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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30
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The function of human epidermal growth factor receptor-3 and its role in tumors (Review). Oncol Rep 2013; 30:2563-70. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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31
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Hiscox S, Barrett-Lee P, Nicholson RI. Therapeutic targeting of tumor-stroma interactions. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2011; 15:609-21. [PMID: 21388336 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2011.561201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancers exist within a complex microenvironment populated by diverse cell types within a protein-rich extracellular matrix. It is becoming increasingly apparent that molecular interactions between epithelial cells and cells in the surrounding stroma promote growth, invasion and spread of the tumor itself and thus represents a crucial underlying driving force in tumorigenesis. AREAS COVERED This article reviews how key interactions between tumor epithelial cells and surrounding mesenchymal and immune cells can promote tumor progression and highlights molecular elements that might represent novel therapeutic targets. EXPERT OPINION The tumor microenvironment is increasingly being viewed as a potential therapeutic target with a number of strategies being developed to disrupt tumor-stroma interactions, in order to delay or circumvent tumor progression. Targeting elements of the tumor microenvironment, or signaling pathways in tumor cells activated as a consequence of stromal interactions, may prove a useful therapeutic strategy to prevent tumor development and progression. However, given the tumor cells' ability to circumvent various therapeutic agents when given as monotherapy, the success of these agents is likely to be seen when used in combination with existing treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Hiscox
- Cardiff University, Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff, UK.
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Gu S, Papadopoulou N, Nasir O, Föller M, Alevizopoulos K, Lang F, Stournaras C. Activation of membrane androgen receptors in colon cancer inhibits the prosurvival signals Akt/bad in vitro and in vivo and blocks migration via vinculin/actin signaling. Mol Med 2010; 17:48-58. [PMID: 20957335 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2010.00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Accepted: 10/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we reported that membrane androgen receptors (mARs) are expressed in colon tumors triggering strong apoptotic responses. In the present study, we analyzed mAR-induced downstream effectors controlling cell survival and migration of Caco2 colon cancer cells. We show that long-term activation of mAR downregulated the activity of PI-3K and Akt and induced de-phosphorylation/activation of the proapoptotic Bad (p-Bad). Moreover, treatment of APC(Min/+) mice, which spontaneously develop intestinal tumors, with mAR-activating testosterone conjugates reduced the tumor incidence by 80% and significantly decreased the expression of p-Akt and p-Bad levels in tumor tissue. Furthermore, mAR activation strongly inhibited Caco2 cell migration. In accordance with these findings, vinculin, a protein controlling cell adhesion and actin reorganization, was effectively phosphorylated upon mAR activation. Phosphorylation inhibitors genistein and PP2 inhibited actin reorganization and restored motility. Moreover, silencing vinculin by appropriate siRNA's, or blocking actin reorganization by cytochalasin B, restored the migration potential. From these results we conclude that mAR activation inhibits the prosurvival signals Akt/Bad in vitro and in vivo and blocks migration of colon cancer cells via regulation of vinculin signaling and actin reorganization, supporting the powerful tumoristatic effect of those receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuchen Gu
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Germany
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