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Expression of MUS81 Mediates the Sensitivity of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer to Olaparib. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:4065580. [PMID: 35910852 PMCID: PMC9334051 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4065580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This project attempts to clarify the expression of MUS81 in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and the effect on drug sensitivity to Olaparib. We collected clinical surgical samples of patients who were suffering from benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), common prostate cancer (PCa), and castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and detected the expression of MUS81 in healthy prostate epithelial cells, PCa cells, and androgen-independent PCa cells. We subsequently performed CCK-8 assays, flow cytometry, and Transwell invasion and migration assay to determine the proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and metastasis abilities of transfected CRPC cells as well as drug toxicity of Olaparib to CRPC cells. The expression of MUS81 indicated marked upregulation in PCa and CRPC tissues, compared with the level of MUS81 in BPH tissues. MUS81 silencing inhibited the proliferation of CRPC cells and promoted their sensitivity to Olaparib. MUS81 silencing in CRPC cells remarkably accelerated cell apoptosis and greatly inhibited cell invasion and metastasis after Olaparib administration. MUS81 silencing in CRPC cells has significantly enhanced the sensitivity of cells to Olaparib, which provides evidence for the prediction of Olaparib resistance in CRPC cells by the MUS81 gene and is expected to become a promising gene target in CRPC therapy.
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2
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Su B, Lim D, Tian Z, Liu G, Ding C, Cai Z, Chen C, Zhang F, Feng Z. Valproic Acid Regulates HR and Cell Cycle Through MUS81-pRPA2 Pathway in Response to Hydroxyurea. Front Oncol 2021; 11:681278. [PMID: 34513672 PMCID: PMC8429838 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.681278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the primary problem threatening women’s health. The combined application of valproic acid (VPA) and hydroxyurea (HU) has a synergistic effect on killing breast cancer cells, but the molecular mechanism remains elusive. Replication protein A2 phosphorylation (pRPA2), is essential for homologous recombination (HR) repair and cell cycle. Here we showed that in response to HU, the VPA significantly decreased the tumor cells survival, and promoted S-phase slippage, which was associated with the decrease of pCHK1 and WEE1/pCDK1-mediated checkpoint kinases phosphorylation pathway and inhibited pRPA2/Rad51-mediated HR repair pathway; the mutation of pRPA2 significantly diminished the above effect, indicating that VPA-caused HU sensitization was pRPA2 dependent. It was further found that VPA and HU combination treatment also resulted in the decrease of endonuclease MUS81. After MUS81 elimination, not only the level of pRPA2 was abolished in response to HU treatment, but also VPA-caused HU sensitization was significantly down-regulated through pRPA2-mediated checkpoint kinases phosphorylation and HR repair pathways. In addition, the VPA altered the tumor microenvironment and reduced tumor burden by recruiting macrophages to tumor sites; the Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients with high pRPA2 expression had significantly worse survival. Overall, our findings demonstrated that VPA influences HR repair and cell cycle through down-regulating MUS81-pRPA2 pathway in response to HU treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benyu Su
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - David Lim
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia.,College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Zhujun Tian
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Guochao Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chenxia Ding
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zuchao Cai
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fengmei Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhihui Feng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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3
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Ngo ST, Vu VV, Phung HTT. Computational investigation of possible inhibitors of the winged-helix domain of MUS81. J Mol Graph Model 2020; 103:107771. [PMID: 33340918 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2020.107771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The methyl methanesulfonate and ultraviolet sensitive 81 (MUS81) is a structure-specific endonuclease that is highly conserved in eukaryotes and essential for homologous recombination repair. The winged-helix domain at the N-terminus of MUS81 (wMUS81) can bind DNA substrates and regulate the endonuclease activity. The repression of MUS81 activity could enhance the sensitivity to antitumor compounds of different tumour cells. Thus, MUS81 is a potential therapeutic target in cancer therapy. However, specific inhibitors of MUS81 have remained elusive. Here, for the first time, we attempt to discover the compounds disrupting the wMUS81 activity. The binding affinity of available drugs to wMUS81 was first estimated by molecular docking. pKa values were taken into consideration to eliminate unlikely protonation states of the ligands. Top-lead compounds were then estimated the binding affinity using the fast pulling ligand simulations. Finally, the free energy perturbation method accurately defined the absolute binding free energy of the top four ligands, revealing the most potential inhibitors of wMUS81 including simeprevir and nilotinib. Binding of simeprevir destabilizes the β-hairpin region of wMUS81, likely disturbing the wMUS81 function. The van der Waals free binding energy majorly modulates the ligand-binding mechanism. The two conserved residues Leu189 and Arg196 are likely important in monitoring the interacting process of simeprevir to wMUS81.
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Affiliation(s)
- Son Tung Ngo
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Biophysics, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam; Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam.
| | - Van Van Vu
- NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Huong Thi Thu Phung
- NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam.
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4
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Lu R, Xie S, Wang Y, Zheng H, Zhang H, Deng M, Shi W, Zhong A, Chen M, Zhang M, Xu X, Shammas MA, Guo L. MUS81 Participates in the Progression of Serous Ovarian Cancer Associated With Dysfunctional DNA Repair System. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1189. [PMID: 31803609 PMCID: PMC6873896 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Methyl methanesulfonate ultraviolet sensitive gene clone 81 (MUS81) is a structure-specific endonuclease that plays a pivotal role in the DNA repair system of cancer cells. In this study, we aim to elucidate the potential association between the dysfunction of MUS81 and the progression of Serous Ovarian Cancer (SOC). Methods: To investigate the association between MUS81 and prognosis of SOC, immunohistochemistry technology and qPCR were used to analyze the level of MUS81 expression, and transcriptional profile analysis and protein interaction screening chip were used to explore the MUS81 related signal pathways. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis, immunofluorescence and comet assays were further performed to evaluate genomic instability and DNA damage status of transduced SOC cells. Experiments both in vitro and in vivo were conducted to verify the impact of MUS81 silencing on chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity of SOC. Results: The overexpression of MUS81 in SOC tissues was related to poor clinical outcomes. The transcriptional chip data showed that MUS81 was involved in multiple pathways associated with DNA repair. Deficiency of MUS81 intensified the genome instability of SOC cells, promoted the emergence of DSBs and restrained the formation of RAD51 foci in SOC cells with exposure to UV. Furthermore, downregulation of MUS81 enhanced the sensitivity to Camptothecin and Olaparib in SOC cell lines and xenograft model. Conclusions: MUS81 is involved in the progression of SOC and inhibition of MUS81 could augment the susceptibility to chemotherapeutic agents. MUS81 might represent a novel molecular target for SOC chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renquan Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Suhong Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanchun Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongqin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Minjie Deng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Weizhong Shi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Ailing Zhong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Miaomiao Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meiqin Zhang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofeng Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Masood A Shammas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber (Harvard) Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lin Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Zhang Y, Liu W, Chai JC, Zhao Z, Xiao H, Luo B. Association study of MUS81 gene polymorphisms and EBV-associated tumors in China. Future Virol 2018. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2018-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aim: Single nucleotide polymorphisms of MUS81 have been reported to be associated with several human tumors, but not with EBV infection. This study focused on identifying the relationship between MUS81 polymorphisms and EBV-associated tumors in China. Materials & methods: Three single nucleotide polymorphism loci of MUS81 were detected using the Sequenom MassARRAY technology. Results: The rs13817 genotype AA and allele A, rs648732 genotype TT and allele T were both significantly increased in EBV-associated gastric carcinoma (EBVaGC) than controls. Heterozygous TC of rs659857 was remarkably reduced in EBVaGC and EBV-associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Furthermore, significant differences were found between lymphoma and controls without an EBV association. Conclusion: Our findings indicated a strong relationship between MUS81 polymorphisms and the susceptibility to EBVaGC, EBV-associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma and lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Qingdao University Medical College, 38 Dengzhou Road, Qingdao, 266021, PR China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Central Hospital of Zibo, 54 Gongqingtuan Road, ZiBo, 255036, PR China
| | - Wen Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Qingdao University Medical College, 38 Dengzhou Road, Qingdao, 266021, PR China
| | - Ju-Chuan Chai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Central Hospital of Zibo, 54 Gongqingtuan Road, ZiBo, 255036, PR China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhao
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Qingdao University Medical College, 38 Dengzhou Road, Qingdao, 266021, PR China
| | - Hua Xiao
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Qingdao University Medical College, 38 Dengzhou Road, Qingdao, 266021, PR China
| | - Bing Luo
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Qingdao University Medical College, 38 Dengzhou Road, Qingdao, 266021, PR China
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Wu F, Su SC, Tan GQ, Yan L, Li TY, Zhang HL, Yu JS, Wang BL. Mus81 knockdown sensitizes colon cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drugs by activating CHK1 pathway. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2017; 41:592-601. [PMID: 28291626 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The inhibition of Mus81, a critical DNA repair gene, is recently related to the chemosensitivity of several human cancer cells such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. However, the role of Mus81 knockdown in chemotherapy response of colon cancer cells remains largely unknown. METHODS AND MATERIALS The effects of Mus81 knockdown by lentivirus-mediated short hairpin RNA in sensitivity of HCT116 and LS180 colon cancer cell lines to four therapeutic drugs, including cisplatin (CDDP), were evaluated by MTT assay as well as a mouse model. Apoptosis and cell cycle distribution of HCT116 cell line was detected by flow cytometric analysis. Western blot was also employed to determine the expression of CHK1 pathway and apoptosis-related proteins in HCT116 cells and the xenograft mouse tumors. RESULTS Mus81 knockdown could significantly improve the chemosensitivity of colon cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, especially to CDDP. Mus81 knockdown also induced S phase arrest and elevated apoptosis in CDDP treated HCT116 cells through activating CHK1/CDC25A/CDK2 and CHK1/p53/Bax pathways, while these effects could be counteracted by CHK1 inhibition. CONCLUSION Mus81 knockdown improves the chemosensitivity of colon cancer cells by inducing S phase arrest and promoting apoptosis through activating CHK1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wu
- Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical College, Jinan University, General Surgery, Tongfu Roud 396, 510220 Guangzhou, China.
| | - Shu-Chao Su
- Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical College, Jinan University, General Surgery, Tongfu Roud 396, 510220 Guangzhou, China
| | - Guo-Qian Tan
- Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical College, Jinan University, General Surgery, Tongfu Roud 396, 510220 Guangzhou, China
| | - Lun Yan
- Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical College, Jinan University, General Surgery, Tongfu Roud 396, 510220 Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting-Yue Li
- Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical College, Jinan University, General Surgery, Tongfu Roud 396, 510220 Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao-Lu Zhang
- Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical College, Jinan University, General Surgery, Tongfu Roud 396, 510220 Guangzhou, China
| | - Ji-Shang Yu
- Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical College, Jinan University, General Surgery, Tongfu Roud 396, 510220 Guangzhou, China
| | - Bai-Lin Wang
- Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical College, Jinan University, General Surgery, Tongfu Roud 396, 510220 Guangzhou, China
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7
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Chromosome copy number variation in telomerized human bone marrow stromal cells; insights for monitoring safe ex-vivo expansion of adult stem cells. Stem Cell Res 2017; 25:6-17. [PMID: 28988007 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSC) cultured for cell therapy require evaluation of potency and stability for safe use. Chromosomal aberrations upsetting genomic integrity in such cells have been contrastingly described as "Limited" or "Significant". Previously reported stepwise acquisition of a spontaneous neoplastic phenotype during three-year continuous culture of telomerized cells (hBMSC-TERT20) didn't alter a diploid karyotype measured by spectral karyotype analysis (SKY). Such screening may not adequately monitor abnormal and potentially tumorigenic hBMSC in clinical scenarios. We here used array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) to more stringently compare non-tumorigenic parental hBMSC-TERT strains with their tumorigenic subcloned populations. Confirmation of a known chromosome 9p21 microdeletion at locus CDKN2A/B, showed it also impinged upon the adjacent MTAP gene. Compared to reference diploid human fibroblast genomic DNA, the non-tumorigenic hBMSC-TERT4 cells had a copy number variation (CNV) in at least 14 independent loci. The pre-tumorigenic hBMSC-TERT20 cell strain had further CNV including 1q44 gain enhancing SMYD3 expression and 11q13.1 loss downregulating MUS81 expression. Bioinformatic analysis of gene products reflecting 11p15.5 CNV gain in tumorigenic hBMSC-TERT20 cells highlighted networks implicated in tumorigenic progression involving cell cycle control and mis-match repair. We provide novel biomarkers for prospective risk assessment of expanded stem cell cultures.
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8
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Lin Y, Chahal HS, Wu W, Cho HG, Ransohoff KJ, Song F, Tang JY, Sarin KY, Han J. Association study of genetic variation in DNA repair pathway genes and risk of basal cell carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2017; 141:952-957. [PMID: 28510302 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
DNA repair plays a critical role in protecting the genome from ultraviolet radiation and maintaining the genomic integrity of cells. Genetic variants in DNA repair-related genes can influence an individual's DNA repair capacity, which may be related to the risk of developing basal cell carcinoma (BCC). We comprehensively assessed the associations of 2,965 independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across 165 DNA repair pathway genes with BCC risk in a genome-wide association meta-analysis totaling 17,187 BCC cases and 287,054 controls from two data sets. After multiple testing corrections, we identified three SNPs (rs2805831 upstream of XPA: OR = 0.93, P = 1.35 × 10-6 ; rs659857 in exon of MUS81: OR = 1.06, P = 3.09 × 10-6 and rs57343616 in 3' UTR of NABP2: OR = 1.11, P = 6.47 × 10-6 ) as significantly associated with BCC risk in meta-analysis, and all of them were nominally significant in both data sets. Furthermore, rs659857 [T] was significantly associated with decreased expression of MUS81 mRNA in the expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analysis. Our findings suggest that the inherited common variation in three DNA repair genes-XPA, MUS81 and NABP2-may be involved in the development of BCC. To our knowledge, our study is the first report thoroughly examining the effects of SNPs across DNA repair pathway genes on BCC risk based on a genome-wide association meta-analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Lin
- Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Melvin & Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Harvind S Chahal
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Wenting Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Melvin & Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Hyunje G Cho
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | | | - Fengju Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jean Y Tang
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Kavita Y Sarin
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Jiali Han
- Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Melvin & Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN
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Ge XC, Wu F, Li WT, Zhu XJ, Liu JW, Wang BL. Upregulation of WEE1 is a potential prognostic biomarker for patients with colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:4341-4348. [PMID: 28599436 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
WEE1 is a serine/threonine protein kinase that inactivates cell division cycle 2 and is therefore a critical cell cycle regulator. Increased WEE1 expression has been observed in numerous types of human malignancies, including hepatocellular carcinoma and melanoma. WEE1 inhibition also results in evident anti-tumor effects in several human tumor cells including colon cancer cells, suggesting WEE1 as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of cancer. However, the expression pattern of WEE1 in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. In the present study, WEE1 mRNA expression in 43 cases of CRC tissues matched with adjacent normal tissues was determined by reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The results demonstrated that WEE1 mRNA expression was significantly increased in CRC tissues and that this upregulation correlated significantly with hepatic metastasis, distant metastasis and high tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage of CRC. Additionally, WEE1 protein in 102 CRC tissue samples was detected by immunohistochemistry, and positive staining of WEE1 was identified in more than half of patients with CRC. WEE1 staining scores were also observed to be associated with distant metastasis and high TNM stage of CRC. In addition, patients with CRC with high WEE1 staining score (2+ or 3+) exhibited either poorer overall survival or poorer disease-free survival compared with those with low WEE1 staining score (0 or 1+). The multivariable Cox model also identified a high WEE1 staining score as well as high TNM stage to be independent prognostic factors for CRC. In conclusion, WEE1 upregulation is associated with a high degree of malignancy and poor prognosis of CRC, suggesting WEE1 as a potential prognostic biomarker for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Chuan Ge
- Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510220, P.R. China
| | - Fan Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510220, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Tao Li
- Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510220, P.R. China
| | - Xuan-Jin Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510220, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Wei Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510220, P.R. China
| | - Bai-Lin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510220, P.R. China
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Lv J, Qian Y, Ni X, Xu X, Dong X. Feedback regulation of methyl methanesulfonate and ultraviolet-sensitive gene clone 81 via ATM/Chk2 pathway contributes to the resistance of MCF-7 breast cancer cells to cisplatin. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317694307. [PMID: 28347251 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317694307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The methyl methanesulfonate and ultraviolet-sensitive gene clone 81 protein is a structure-specific nuclease that plays important roles in DNA replication and repair. Knockdown of methyl methanesulfonate and ultraviolet-sensitive gene clone 81 has been found to sensitize cancer cells to chemotherapy. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is not well understood. We found that methyl methanesulfonate and ultraviolet-sensitive gene clone 81 was upregulated and the ATM/Chk2 pathway was activated at the same time when MCF-7 cells were treated with cisplatin. By using lentivirus targeting methyl methanesulfonate and ultraviolet-sensitive gene clone 81 gene, we showed that knockdown of methyl methanesulfonate and ultraviolet-sensitive gene clone 81 enhanced cell apoptosis and inhibited cell proliferation in MCF-7 cells under cisplatin treatment. Abrogation of ATM/Chk2 pathway inhibited cell viability in MCF-7 cells in response to cisplatin. Importantly, we revealed that ATM/Chk2 was required for the upregulation of methyl methanesulfonate and ultraviolet-sensitive gene clone 81, and knockdown of methyl methanesulfonate and ultraviolet-sensitive gene clone 81 resulted in inactivation of ATM/Chk2 pathway in response to cisplatin. Meanwhile, knockdown of methyl methanesulfonate and ultraviolet-sensitive gene clone 81 activated the p53/Bcl-2 pathway in response to cisplatin. These data suggest that the ATM/Chk2 may promote the repair of DNA damage caused by cisplatin by sustaining methyl methanesulfonate and ultraviolet-sensitive gene clone 81, and the double-strand breaks generated by methyl methanesulfonate and ultraviolet-sensitive gene clone 81 may activate the ATM/Chk2 pathway in turn, which provide a novel mechanism of how methyl methanesulfonate and ultraviolet-sensitive gene clone 81 modulates DNA damage response and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Lv
- 1 Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Ying Qian
- 1 Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Ni
- 1 Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Xiuping Xu
- 1 Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, P.R. China.,2 Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Xuejun Dong
- 1 Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, P.R. China.,2 Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
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11
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STC2 as a novel mediator for Mus81-dependent proliferation and survival in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2016; 388:177-186. [PMID: 27939696 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Methyl methansulfonate and UV sensitive gene clone 81 (Mus81) is a critical DNA repair gene that has been implicated in development of several cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, whether Mus81 can affect proliferation and survival of HCC remains unknown. In the present study, we demonstrated that the knockdown of Mus81 was associated with suppressed proliferation and elevated apoptosis of HCC cells in vitro and in vivo. Multilayered screenings, including DNA microarray, high content screen, and real-time PCR validation, identified STC2 as a proliferation-facilitating gene significantly down-regulated in HCC cells upon Mus81 knockdown. STC2 expression was also closely correlated to Mus81 expression in HCC tissues. More importantly, the restoration of STC2 expression recovered the compromised cell proliferation and survival in Mus81 depleted HCC cells. Furthermore, Mus81 knockdown was associated with the activation of APAF1, APC, and PTEN pathways and concurrent inhibition of MAPK pathway through decreasing STC2 expression. In conclusion, Mus81 knockdown suppresses proliferation and survival of HCC cells likely by downregulating STC2 expression, implicating Mus81 as a therapeutic target for HCC.
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12
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Xing M, Wang X, Palmai-Pallag T, Shen H, Helleday T, Hickson ID, Ying S. Acute MUS81 depletion leads to replication fork slowing and a constitutive DNA damage response. Oncotarget 2016; 6:37638-46. [PMID: 26415217 PMCID: PMC4741954 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The MUS81 protein belongs to a conserved family of DNA structure-specific nucleases that play important roles in DNA replication and repair. Inactivation of the Mus81 gene in mice has no major deleterious consequences for embryonic development, although cancer susceptibility has been reported. We have investigated the role of MUS81 in human cells by acutely depleting the protein using shRNAs. We found that MUS81 depletion from human fibroblasts leads to accumulation of ssDNA and a constitutive DNA damage response that ultimately activates cellular senescence. Moreover, we show that MUS81 is required for efficient replication fork progression during an unperturbed S-phase, and for recovery of productive replication following replication stalling. These results demonstrate essential roles for the MUS81 nuclease in maintenance of replication fork integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meichun Xing
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Huahao Shen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory For Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Thomas Helleday
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ian D Hickson
- Center for Chromosome Stability and Nordea Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Songmin Ying
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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13
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Xie S, Zheng H, Wen X, Sun J, Wang Y, Gao X, Guo L, Lu R. MUS81 is associated with cell proliferation and cisplatin sensitivity in serous ovarian cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 476:493-500. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.05.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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14
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Hengel SR, Malacaria E, Folly da Silva Constantino L, Bain FE, Diaz A, Koch BG, Yu L, Wu M, Pichierri P, Spies MA, Spies M. Small-molecule inhibitors identify the RAD52-ssDNA interaction as critical for recovery from replication stress and for survival of BRCA2 deficient cells. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27434671 PMCID: PMC4982760 DOI: 10.7554/elife.14740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The DNA repair protein RAD52 is an emerging therapeutic target of high importance for BRCA-deficient tumors. Depletion of RAD52 is synthetically lethal with defects in tumor suppressors BRCA1, BRCA2 and PALB2. RAD52 also participates in the recovery of the stalled replication forks. Anticipating that ssDNA binding activity underlies the RAD52 cellular functions, we carried out a high throughput screening campaign to identify compounds that disrupt the RAD52-ssDNA interaction. Lead compounds were confirmed as RAD52 inhibitors in biochemical assays. Computational analysis predicted that these inhibitors bind within the ssDNA-binding groove of the RAD52 oligomeric ring. The nature of the inhibitor-RAD52 complex was validated through an in silico screening campaign, culminating in the discovery of an additional RAD52 inhibitor. Cellular studies with our inhibitors showed that the RAD52-ssDNA interaction enables its function at stalled replication forks, and that the inhibition of RAD52-ssDNA binding acts additively with BRCA2 or MUS81 depletion in cell killing. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.14740.001 Cells are constantly in danger of losing or scrambling critical genetic information because of DNA damage. To cope with this stress, cells have numerous DNA repair systems. One of these systems – homology-directed DNA repair – involves the proteins BRCA1 and BRCA2, which are often missing or defective in breast and ovarian cancers. The BRCA-deficient cancer cells can still survive, but become “addicted” to other DNA repair proteins – among them a protein called RAD52. It might be possible to kill these cancer cells using drugs that stop RAD52 from working. Such treatments would have the benefit of not harming normal healthy cells, as these cells contain working BRCA proteins and can survive without RAD52. It is not currently known exactly how RAD52 allows the BRCA-deficient cells to survive, but this probably depends on RAD52’s ability to bind to single strands of DNA. Small molecules that block the interaction between the RAD52 protein and DNA might therefore help to kill cancer cells. Hengel et al. developed a high throughput biophysical method to search through a large collection of small molecules to find those that prevent RAD52 from binding to DNA. The best potential drug leads were then tested in laboratory-grown human cells and using biophysical and biochemical techniques. Computational approaches were also used to model how these molecules block the interaction between RAD52 and DNA at the atomistic level. Hengel et al. then used the information about how the small molecules bind to RAD52 to perform further computational screening. This identified a natural compound that competes with single-stranded DNA to bind to RAD52. The activity of this molecule was then validated using biophysical methods. The methods used by Hengel et al. provide the foundation for further searches for new anticancer drugs. Future studies that employ the small molecule drugs identified so far will also help to determine exactly how RAD52 works in human cells and how it helps cancer cells to survive. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.14740.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Hengel
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
| | - Eva Malacaria
- Department of Environment and Health, Section of Experimental and Computational Carcinogenesis, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Folly da Silva Constantino
- Division of Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
| | - Fletcher E Bain
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
| | - Andrea Diaz
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
| | - Brandon G Koch
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
| | - Liping Yu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States.,NMR Core Facility, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
| | - Meng Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States.,Division of Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States.,High Throughput Screening Facility, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
| | - Pietro Pichierri
- Department of Environment and Health, Section of Experimental and Computational Carcinogenesis, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy
| | - M Ashley Spies
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States.,Division of Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
| | - Maria Spies
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
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15
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Ghamrasni SE, Cardoso R, Li L, Guturi KKN, Bjerregaard VA, Liu Y, Venkatesan S, Hande MP, Henderson JT, Sanchez O, Hickson ID, Hakem A, Hakem R. Rad54 and Mus81 cooperation promotes DNA damage repair and restrains chromosome missegregation. Oncogene 2016; 35:4836-45. [PMID: 26876210 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Rad54 and Mus81 mammalian proteins physically interact and are important for the homologous recombination DNA repair pathway; however, their functional interactions in vivo are poorly defined. Here, we show that combinatorial loss of Rad54 and Mus81 results in hypersensitivity to DNA-damaging agents, defects on both the homologous recombination and non-homologous DNA end joining repair pathways and reduced fertility. We also observed that while Mus81 deficiency diminished the cleavage of common fragile sites, very strikingly, Rad54 loss impaired this cleavage to even a greater extent. The inefficient repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in Rad54(-/-)Mus81(-/-) cells was accompanied by elevated levels of chromosome missegregation and cell death. Perhaps as a consequence, tumor incidence in Rad54(-/-)Mus81(-/-) mice remained comparable to that in Mus81(-/-) mice. Our study highlights the importance of the cooperation between Rad54 and Mus81 for mediating DNA DSB repair and restraining chromosome missegregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S El Ghamrasni
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto and Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - R Cardoso
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto and Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - L Li
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto and Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - K K N Guturi
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto and Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - V A Bjerregaard
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Center for Chromosome Stability and Center for Healthy Ageing, University of Copenhagen, Panum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Center for Chromosome Stability and Center for Healthy Ageing, University of Copenhagen, Panum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S Venkatesan
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Tembusu College, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - M P Hande
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Tembusu College, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - J T Henderson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Biomolecular Science, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - O Sanchez
- Department of pathology, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - I D Hickson
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Center for Chromosome Stability and Center for Healthy Ageing, University of Copenhagen, Panum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A Hakem
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto and Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - R Hakem
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto and Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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16
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Wu F, Chen WJ, Yan L, Tan GQ, Li WT, Zhu XJ, Ge XC, Liu JW, Wang BL. Mus81 knockdown improves chemosensitivity of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by inducing S-phase arrest and promoting apoptosis through CHK1 pathway. Cancer Med 2015; 5:370-85. [PMID: 26714930 PMCID: PMC4735774 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Revised: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
As a critical endonuclease in DNA repair, Mus81 is traditionally regarded as a tumor suppressor, but recently correlated with the sensitivity of mitomycin C and 5-fluorouracil in colon cancer and breast cancer cells. However, its role in chemosensitivity of other human malignancies still remains unknown. This study therefore aims to investigate the effects of Mus81 knockdown on the chemosensitivity of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a usually chemorefractory tumor, and explore the underlying mechanisms. Mus81 expression in HepG2 and Bel-7402 HCC cell lines was depleted by lentivirus-mediated short hairpin RNA and the elevated sensitivity of these Mus81-inhibited HCC cells to therapeutic agents, especially to epirubicin (EPI), was evidenced by MTT assay and an HCC chemotherapy mouse model. Flow cytometric analysis also showed that Mus81 knockdown lead to an obvious S-phase arrest and an elevated apoptosis in EPI-treated HepG2 and Bel-7402 cells, which could be rescued by CHK1 inhibition. The activation of CHK1/CDC25A/CDK2 pathway was also demonstrated in Mus81-inhibited HepG2 cells and xenograft mouse tumors under EPI treatment. Meanwhile, the apoptosis of HepG2 cells in response to EPI was remarkably promoted by Mus81 knockdown through activating p53/Bax/Caspase-3 pathway under the controlling of CHK1. In addition, CHK2 inhibition slightly raised CHK1 activity, thereby enhancing the S-phase arrest and apoptosis induced by EPI in Mus81-suppressed HCC cells. In conclusion, Mus81 knockdown improves the chemosensitivity of HCC cells by inducing S-phase arrest and promoting apoptosis through CHK1 pathway, suggesting Mus81 as a novel therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital /Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Tongfu Roud 396, Guangzhou, 510220, China
| | - Wei-Jia Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital /Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Tongfu Roud 396, Guangzhou, 510220, China
| | - Lun Yan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital /Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Tongfu Roud 396, Guangzhou, 510220, China
| | - Guo-Qian Tan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital /Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Tongfu Roud 396, Guangzhou, 510220, China
| | - Wei-Tao Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital /Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Tongfu Roud 396, Guangzhou, 510220, China
| | - Xuan-Jin Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital /Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Tongfu Roud 396, Guangzhou, 510220, China
| | - Xiao-Chuan Ge
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital /Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Tongfu Roud 396, Guangzhou, 510220, China
| | - Jian-Wei Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital /Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Tongfu Roud 396, Guangzhou, 510220, China
| | - Bai-Lin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital /Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Tongfu Roud 396, Guangzhou, 510220, China
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17
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Kotsantis P, Jones RM, Higgs MR, Petermann E. Cancer therapy and replication stress: forks on the road to perdition. Adv Clin Chem 2015; 69:91-138. [PMID: 25934360 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Deregulated DNA replication occurs in cancer where it contributes to genomic instability. This process is a target of cytotoxic therapies. Chemotherapies exploit high DNA replication in cancer cells by modifying the DNA template or by inhibiting vital enzymatic activities that lead to slowing or stalling replication fork progression. Stalled replication forks can be converted into toxic DNA double-strand breaks resulting in cell death, i.e., replication stress. While likely crucial for many cancer treatments, replication stress is poorly understood due to its complexity. While we still know relatively little about the role of replication stress in cancer therapy, technical advances in recent years have shed new light on the effect that cancer therapeutics have on replication forks and the molecular mechanisms that lead from obstructed fork progression to cell death. This chapter will give an overview of our current understanding of replication stress in the context of cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Kotsantis
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca M Jones
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Martin R Higgs
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Eva Petermann
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
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18
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Abstract
Four-way DNA intermediates, called Holliday junctions (HJs), can form during meiotic and mitotic recombination, and their removal is crucial for chromosome segregation. A group of ubiquitous and highly specialized structure-selective endonucleases catalyze the cleavage of HJs into two disconnected DNA duplexes in a reaction called HJ resolution. These enzymes, called HJ resolvases, have been identified in bacteria and their bacteriophages, archaea, and eukaryotes. In this review, we discuss fundamental aspects of the HJ structure and their interaction with junction-resolving enzymes. This is followed by a brief discussion of the eubacterial RuvABC enzymes, which provide the paradigm for HJ resolvases in other organisms. Finally, we review the biochemical and structural properties of some well-characterized resolvases from archaea, bacteriophage, and eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley D M Wyatt
- London Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, Clare Hall Laboratories, South Mimms, Herts EN6 3LD, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen C West
- London Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, Clare Hall Laboratories, South Mimms, Herts EN6 3LD, United Kingdom
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19
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Cooperation of Blm and Mus81 in development, fertility, genomic integrity and cancer suppression. Oncogene 2014; 34:1780-9. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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20
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Saugar I, Vázquez MV, Gallo-Fernández M, Ortiz-Bazán MÁ, Segurado M, Calzada A, Tercero JA. Temporal regulation of the Mus81-Mms4 endonuclease ensures cell survival under conditions of DNA damage. Nucleic Acids Res 2013; 41:8943-58. [PMID: 23901010 PMCID: PMC3799426 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkt645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The structure-specific Mus81-Eme1/Mms4 endonuclease contributes importantly to DNA repair and genome integrity maintenance. Here, using budding yeast, we have studied its function and regulation during the cellular response to DNA damage and show that this endonuclease is necessary for successful chromosome replication and cell survival in the presence of DNA lesions that interfere with replication fork progression. On the contrary, Mus81-Mms4 is not required for coping with replicative stress originated by acute treatment with hydroxyurea (HU), which causes fork stalling. Despite its requirement for dealing with DNA lesions that hinder DNA replication, Mus81-Mms4 activation is not induced by DNA damage at replication forks. Full Mus81-Mms4 activity is only acquired when cells finish S-phase and the endonuclease executes its function after the bulk of genome replication is completed. This post-replicative mode of action of Mus81-Mms4 limits its nucleolytic activity during S-phase, thus avoiding the potential cleavage of DNA substrates that could cause genomic instability during DNA replication. At the same time, it constitutes an efficient fail-safe mechanism for processing DNA intermediates that cannot be resolved by other proteins and persist after bulk DNA synthesis, which guarantees the completion of DNA repair and faithful chromosome replication when the DNA is damaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Saugar
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC/UAM), Cantoblanco. 28049-Madrid, Spain and Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CSIC), Cantoblanco. 28049-Madrid, Spain
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21
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The WRN and MUS81 proteins limit cell death and genome instability following oncogene activation. Oncogene 2012; 32:610-20. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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22
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Bilardi RA, Kimura KI, Phillips DR, Cutts SM. Processing of anthracycline-DNA adducts via DNA replication and interstrand crosslink repair pathways. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 83:1241-50. [PMID: 22326903 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Revised: 01/25/2012] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Anthracycline chemotherapeutics are well characterised as poisons of topoisomerase II, however many anthracyclines, including doxorubicin, are also capable of forming drug-DNA adducts. Anthracycline-DNA adducts present an unusual obstacle for cells as they are covalently attached to one DNA strand and stabilised by hydrogen bonding to the other strand. We now show that in cycling cells processing of anthracycline adducts through DNA replication appears dominant compared to processing via transcription-coupled pathways, and that the processing of these adducts into DNA breaks is independent of topoisomerase II. It has previously been shown that cells deficient in homologous recombination (HR) are hypersensitive to adduct forming treatments. Given that anthracycline-DNA adducts, whilst not true crosslinks, are associated with both DNA strands, the role of ICL repair pathways was investigated. Mus81 is a structure specific nuclease implicated in Holliday junction resolution and the resolution of branched DNA formed by stalled replication forks. We now show that ICL repair deficient cells (Mus81(-/-)) are hypersensitive to anthracycline-DNA adducts and ET-743, a compound which causes a chemically similar type of DNA damage. Further analysis of this mechanism showed that Mus81 does not appear to cause DNA breaks resulting from either anthracycline- or ET743-DNA adducts. This suggests Mus81 processes these novel forms of DNA damage in a fundamentally different way compared to the processing of classical covalent crosslinks. Improved understanding of the role of DNA repair in response to such adducts may lead to more effective chemotherapy for patients with BRCA1/2 mutations and other HR deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Bilardi
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia
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