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Qin HE, Peng L, Xu YC, Zhang ZX, Tian RF, Wan ZX, Pu DJ, Li HC, Wu F, Zheng L, Xu XS. GuiErBai: a potent inhibitor, exhibiting broadly antitumor effect against cervical cancer in vitro and in vivo. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1296588. [PMID: 38915466 PMCID: PMC11194321 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1296588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cervical cancer (CC) ranks as the fourth most prevalent malignant tumor among women worldwide, and is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related mortality. GuiErBai (GEB), a compound preparation developed by our research team, is derived from the ancient Chinese medicine of the Miao nationality and is comprised of podophyllotoxin (PTOX), imperatorin, isoimperatorin, and A. dahurica alkaloids. These individual components have demonstrated notable efficacy in tumor treatment. However, the specific anti-tumor effect of the compound Chinese medicine GEB in the context of CC has yet to be validated. Methods: HeLa and SiHa cell lines were utilized for in vitro experiments and treated with 5 mg/mL and 10 mg/mL GEB concentrations, respectively. The cell cycle changes after GEB treatment were assessed using flow cytometry. Transmission electron microscopy was employed to observe autophagic bodies and apoptotic bodies, while MDC staining evaluated the occurrence of autophagy. CCK-8 was used to observe the effect of GEB on cell proliferation, and Transwell assays assessed cell migration and invasion. Western blotting detected cell cycle and apoptosis-related protein expression, along with the expression level of autophagy-related protein LC3I/II. Changes in ROS and mitochondrial membrane potential in cervical cancer cells following GEB treatment were determined using ROS detection and mitochondrial membrane potential detection kits. For the in vivo experiment, a nude mouse model of cervical cancer transplantation based on HeLa cells was established. Experimental animals were divided into negative control, positive control, high-dose GEB (10 mg/mL), and low-dose GEB (5 mg/mL) groups. Results: In HeLa and SiHa cell lines, the G0/G1 phase of tumor cells significantly decreased (p < 0.001), while the G2/M phase increased notably (p < 0.001) following various GEB treatments. Electron microscopy showed GEB promoted apoptotic body and autophagosome formation in both cell lines. Compared to untreated HeLa and SiHa cells, GEB-treated cells exhibited significantly reduced caspase3 protein expression, and substantially increased autophagy-related protein LC3I/II expression. GEB treatment significantly reduced migration and invasion capabilities in both cell lines (p < 0.001), while ROS content and mitochondrial membrane potential were significantly elevated (p < 0.001). GEB effectively inhibited cervical cancer cell proliferation, with the optimal concentration being 10 mg/mL. A successful nude mouse model of cervical cancer transplantation was established using HeLa cells. Post-GEB treatment, the tumor volume and weight in nude mice significantly decreased (p < 0.001), with diminished expression of CD34, VEGF, and caspase3 proteins in tumor tissues. Discussion: GEB exhibits a robust antitumor effect against cervical cancer, both in vitro and in vivo, in a concentration-dependent manner, by regulating autophagy and apoptosis of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xian-shun Xu
- Department of Medicine, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, Hubei, China
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Han M, Wang Y, Huang X, Li P, Liang X, Wang R, Bao K. Identification of hub genes and their correlation with immune infiltrating cells in membranous nephropathy: an integrated bioinformatics analysis. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:525. [PMID: 37974210 PMCID: PMC10652554 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01311-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Membranous nephropathy (MN) is a chronic glomerular disease that leads to nephrotic syndrome in adults. The aim of this study was to identify novel biomarkers and immune-related mechanisms in the progression of MN through an integrated bioinformatics approach. METHODS The microarray data were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between MN and normal samples were identified and analyzed by the Gene Ontology analysis, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis and the Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) enrichment. Hub The hub genes were screened and identified by the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves evaluated the diagnostic value of hub genes. The single-sample GSEA analyzed the infiltration degree of several immune cells and their correlation with the hub genes. RESULTS We identified a total of 574 DEGs. The enrichment analysis showed that metabolic and immune-related functions and pathways were significantly enriched. Four co-expression modules were obtained using WGCNA. The candidate signature genes were intersected with DEGs and then subjected to the LASSO analysis, obtaining a total of 6 hub genes. The ROC curves indicated that the hub genes were associated with a high diagnostic value. The CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells and B cells significantly infiltrated in MN samples and correlated with the hub genes. CONCLUSIONS We identified six hub genes (ZYX, CD151, N4BP2L2-IT2, TAPBP, FRAS1 and SCARNA9) as novel biomarkers for MN, providing potential targets for the diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaoru Han
- Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Huang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab On Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xing Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongrong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Kun Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab On Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Refractory Chronic Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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Shen S, Tong Y, Luo Y, Huang L, Gao W. Biosynthesis, total synthesis, and pharmacological activities of aryltetralin-type lignan podophyllotoxin and its derivatives. Nat Prod Rep 2022; 39:1856-1875. [PMID: 35913409 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00028h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to 2022Podophyllotoxin (PTOX, 1), a kind of aryltetralin-type lignan, was first discovered in the plant Podophyllum peltatum and its structure was clarified by W. Borsche and J. Niemann in 1932. Due to its potent anti-cancer and anti-viral activities, it is considered one of the molecules most likely to be developed into modern drugs. With the increasing market demand and insufficient storage of natural resources, it is crucial to expand the sources of PTOXs. The original extraction method from plants has gradually failed to meet the requirements, and the biosynthesis and total synthesis have become the forward-looking alternatives. As key enzymes in the biosynthetic pathway of PTOXs and their catalytic mechanisms being constantly revealed, it is possible to realize the heterogeneous biosynthesis of PTOXs in the future. Chemical and chemoenzymatic synthesis also provide schemes for strictly controlling the asymmetric configuration of the tetracyclic core. Currently, the pharmacological activities of some PTOX derivatives have been extensively studied, laying the foundation for clinical candidate drugs. This review focuses primarily on the latest research progress in the biosynthesis, total synthesis, and pharmacological activities of PTOX and its derivatives, providing a more comprehensive understanding of these widely used compounds and supporting the future search for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Shen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China. .,Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Yuru Tong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yunfeng Luo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Luqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Wei Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China. .,Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China
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Liu S, Liu X, Wu J, Zhou W, Ni M, Meng Z, Jia S, Zhang J, Guo S, Lu S, Li Y. Identification of candidate biomarkers correlated with the pathogenesis and prognosis of breast cancer via integrated bioinformatics analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e23153. [PMID: 33285689 PMCID: PMC7717725 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000023153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was carried out to identify potential key genes associated with the pathogenesis and prognosis of breast cancer (BC). METHODS Seven GEO datasets (GSE24124, GSE32641, GSE36295, GSE42568, GSE53752, GSE70947, GSE109169) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between BC and normal breast tissue samples were screened by an integrated analysis of multiple gene expression profile datasets. Hub genes related to the pathogenesis and prognosis of BC were verified by employing protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. RESULTS Ten hub genes with high degree were identified, including CDK1, CDC20, CCNA2, CCNB1, CCNB2, BUB1, BUB1B, CDCA8, KIF11, and TOP2A. Lastly, the Kaplan-Meier plotter (KM plotter) online database demonstrated that higher expression levels of these genes were related to lower overall survival. Experimental validation showed that all 10 hub genes had the same expression trend as predicted. CONCLUSION The findings of this research would provide some directive significance for further investigating the diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers to facilitate the molecular targeting therapy of BC, which could be used as a new biomarker for diagnosis and to guide the combination medicine of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Liu
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Chaoyang District
| | - Xinkui Liu
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Chaoyang District
| | - Jiarui Wu
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Chaoyang District
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Chaoyang District
| | - Mengwei Ni
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Chaoyang District
| | - Ziqi Meng
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Chaoyang District
| | - Shanshan Jia
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Chaoyang District
| | - Jingyuan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Chaoyang District
| | - Siyu Guo
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Chaoyang District
| | - Shan Lu
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Chaoyang District
| | - Yingfei Li
- Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Research of Herbal Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Dongzhimen, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
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Zhao W, Cong Y, Li HM, Li S, Shen Y, Qi Q, Zhang Y, Li YZ, Tang YJ. Challenges and potential for improving the druggability of podophyllotoxin-derived drugs in cancer chemotherapy. Nat Prod Rep 2020; 38:470-488. [PMID: 32895676 DOI: 10.1039/d0np00041h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to 2020As a main bioactive component of the Chinese, Indian, and American Podophyllum species, the herbal medicine, podophyllotoxin (PTOX) exhibits broad spectrum pharmacological activity, such as superior antitumor activity and against multiple viruses. PTOX derivatives (PTOXs) could arrest the cell cycle, block the transitorily generated DNA/RNA breaks, and blunt the growth-stimulation by targeting topoisomerase II, tubulin, or insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor. Since 1983, etoposide (VP-16) is being used in frontline cancer therapy against various cancer types, such as small cell lung cancer and testicular cancer. Surprisingly, VP-16 (ClinicalTrials NTC04356690) was also redeveloped to treat the cytokine storm in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in phase II in April 2020. The treatment aims at dampening the cytokine storm and is based on etoposide in the case of central nervous system. However, the initial version of PTOX was far from perfect. Almost all podophyllotoxin derivatives, including the FDA-approved drugs VP-16 and teniposide, were seriously limited in clinical therapy due to systemic toxicity, drug resistance, and low bioavailability. To meet this challenge, scientists have devoted continuous efforts to discover new candidate drugs and have developed drug strategies. This review focuses on the current clinical treatment of PTOXs and the prospective analysis for improving druggability in the rational design of new generation PTOX-derived drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
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Ni M, Liu X, Wu J, Zhang D, Tian J, Wang T, Liu S, Meng Z, Wang K, Duan X, Zhou W, Zhang X. Identification of Candidate Biomarkers Correlated With the Pathogenesis and Prognosis of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer via Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis. Front Genet 2018; 9:469. [PMID: 30369945 PMCID: PMC6194157 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 80-85% of all patients with lung cancer and 5-year relative overall survival (OS) rate is less than 20%, so that identifying novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers is urgently demanded. The present study attempted to identify potential key genes associated with the pathogenesis and prognosis of NSCLC. Methods: Four GEO datasets (GSE18842, GSE19804, GSE43458, and GSE62113) were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between NSCLC samples and normal ones were analyzed using limma package, and RobustRankAggreg (RRA) package was used to conduct gene integration. Moreover, Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes database (STRING), Cytoscape, and Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE) were utilized to establish protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of these DEGs. Furthermore, functional enrichment and pathway enrichment analyses for DEGs were performed by Funrich and OmicShare. While the expressions and prognostic values of top genes were carried out through Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) and Kaplan Meier-plotter (KM) online dataset. Results: A total of 249 DEGs (113 upregulated and 136 downregulated) were identified after gene integration. Moreover, the PPI network was established with 166 nodes and 1784 protein pairs. Topoisomerase II alpha (TOP2A), a top gene and hub node with higher node degrees in module 1, was significantly enriched in mitotic cell cycle pathway. In addition, Interleukin-6 (IL-6) was enriched in amb2 integrin signaling pathway. The mitotic cell cycle was the most significant pathway in module 1 with the highest P-value. Besides, five hub genes with high degree of connectivity were selected, including TOP2A, CCNB1, CCNA2, UBE2C, and KIF20A, and they were all correlated with worse OS in NSCLC. Conclusion: The results showed that TOP2A, CCNB1, CCNA2, UBE2C, KIF20A, and IL-6 may be potential key genes, while the mitotic cell cycle pathway may be a potential pathway contribute to progression in NSCLC. Further, it could be used as a new biomarker for diagnosis and to direct the synthesis medicine of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengwei Ni
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xinkui Liu
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiarui Wu
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhui Tian
- Evidence Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyu Liu
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ziqi Meng
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Kaihuan Wang
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojiao Duan
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomeng Zhang
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Misiak M, Heldt M, Szeligowska M, Mazzini S, Scaglioni L, Grabe GJ, Serocki M, Lica J, Switalska M, Wietrzyk J, Beretta GL, Perego P, Zietkowski D, Baginski M, Borowski E, Skladanowski A. Molecular basis for the DNA damage induction and anticancer activity of asymmetrically substituted anthrapyridazone PDZ-7. Oncotarget 2017; 8:105137-105154. [PMID: 29285240 PMCID: PMC5739627 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthrapyridazones, imino analogues of anthraquinone, constitute a family of compounds with remarkable anti-cancer activity. To date, over 20 derivatives were studied, of which most displayed nanomolar cytotoxicity towards broad spectrum of cancer cells, including breast, prostate and leukemic ones. BS-154, the most potent derivative, had IC50 values close to 1 nM, however, it was toxic in animal studies. Here, we characterize another anthrapyridazone, PDZ-7, which retains high cytotoxicity while being well tolerated in mice. PDZ-7 is also active in vivo against anthracycline-resistant tumor in a mouse xenograft model and induces DNA damage in proliferating cells, preferentially targeting cells in S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. Activation of Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 (MRN) complex and phosphorylation of H2AX suggest double-stranded DNA breaks as a major consequence of PDZ-7 treatment. Consistent with this, PDZ-7 treatment blocked DNA synthesis and resulted in cell cycle arrest in late S and G2 phases. Analysis of topoisomerase IIα activity and isolation of the stabilized covalent topoisomerase IIα - DNA complex in the presence of PDZ-7 suggests that this compound is a topoisomerase IIα poison. Moreover, PDZ-7 interfered with actin polymerization, thereby implying its action as a dual inhibitor of processes critical for dividing cells. Using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy we show that PDZ-7 interacts with DNA double helix and quadruplex DNA structure. Taken together, our results suggest that PDZ-7 is a unique compound targeting actin cytoskeleton and DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majus Misiak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Mateusz Heldt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marlena Szeligowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Stefania Mazzini
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Division of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Leonardo Scaglioni
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Division of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Grzegorz J Grabe
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Marcin Serocki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jan Lica
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marta Switalska
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Wietrzyk
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Giovanni L Beretta
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Perego
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Maciej Baginski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Edward Borowski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland.,BS-154 sp. z o.o., Gdansk, Poland
| | - Andrzej Skladanowski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
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The apoptotic mechanisms of MT-6, a mitotic arrest inducer, in human ovarian cancer cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46149. [PMID: 28387244 PMCID: PMC5384015 DOI: 10.1038/srep46149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with ovarian cancer are typically diagnosed at an advanced stage, resulting in poor prognosis since there are currently no effective early-detection screening tests for women at average-risk for ovarian cancer. Here, we investigated the effects of MT-6, a derivative of moscatilin, in ovarian cancer cells. Our investigation showed that MT-6 inhibited the proliferation and viability of ovarian cancer cells with submicromolar IC50 values. MT-6-treated SKOV3 cells showed significant cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase, followed by an increase in the proportion of cells in a sub-G1 phase. In addition, MT-6 induced a concentration-dependent increase in mitotic markers, mitotic kinases, cell cycle regulators of G2/M transition, and apoptosis-related markers in ovarian cancer cells. MT-6 treatment also induced mitochondrial membrane potential loss, JNK activation, and DR5 expression. Cotreatment of cells with the JNK inhibitor SP600125 considerably attenuated MT-6-induced apoptosis, mitochondria membrane potential loss, DR5 upregulation, and suppression of cell viability. MT-6 also inhibited tumor growth in an SKOV3 xenograft model without significant body weight loss. Together, our findings suggest that MT-6 is a potent anticancer agent with tumor-suppressive activity in vitro and in vivo that could be further investigated for ovarian cancer therapy in the future.
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Wu CC, Huang KF, Yang TY, Li YL, Wen CL, Hsu SL, Chen TH. The Topoisomerase 1 Inhibitor Austrobailignan-1 Isolated from Koelreuteria henryi Induces a G2/M-Phase Arrest and Cell Death Independently of p53 in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132052. [PMID: 26147394 PMCID: PMC4492957 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Koelreuteria henryi Dummer, an endemic plant of Taiwan, has been used as a folk medicine for the treatment of hepatitis, enteritis, cough, pharyngitis, allergy, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and cancer. Austrobailignan-1, a natural lignan derivative isolated from Koelreuteria henryi Dummer, has anti-oxidative and anti-cancer properties. However, the effects of austrobailignan-1 on human cancer cells have not been studied yet. Here, we showed that austrobailignan-1 inhibited cell growth of human non-small cell lung cancer A549 and H1299 cell lines in both dose- and time-dependent manners, the IC50 value (48 h) of austrobailignan-1 were 41 and 22 nM, respectively. Data from flow cytometric analysis indicated that treatment with austrobailignan-1 for 24 h retarded the cell cycle at the G2/M phase. The molecular event of austrobailignan-1-mediated G2/M phase arrest was associated with the increase of p21Waf1/Cip1 and p27Kip1 expression, and decrease of Cdc25C expression. Moreover, treatment with 100 nM austrobailignan-1 for 48 h resulted in a pronounced release of cytochrome c followed by the activation of caspase-2, -3, and -9, and consequently induced apoptosis. These events were accompanied by the increase of PUMA and Bax, and the decrease of Mcl-1 and Bcl-2. Furthermore, our study also showed that austrobailignan-1 was a topoisomerase 1 inhibitor, as evidenced by a relaxation assay and induction of a DNA damage response signaling pathway, including ATM, and Chk1, Chk2, γH2AX phosphorylated activation. Overall, our results suggest that austrobailignan-1 is a novel DNA damaging agent and displays a topoisomerase I inhibitory activity, causes DNA strand breaks, and consequently induces DNA damage response signaling for cell cycle G2/M arrest and apoptosis in a p53 independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Chi Wu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Medical Research, Chung-Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Keh-Feng Huang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Providence University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tsung-Ying Yang
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ya-Ling Li
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chi-Luan Wen
- Taiwan Seed Improvement and Propagation Station, Council of Agriculture, Propagation Technology Section, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shih-Lan Hsu
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tzu-Hsiu Chen
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy & Science, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
- * E-mail:
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Kamal A, Ali Hussaini SM, Rahim A, Riyaz S. Podophyllotoxin derivatives: a patent review (2012 - 2014). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2015; 25:1025-34. [PMID: 26027947 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2015.1051727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Podophyllotoxin (PPT) is a naturally occurring antimitotic agent and an interesting lead in the development of anticancer agents. Its optimization led to the development of etoposide and teniposide used in combination chemotherapy with other anticancer drugs; unlike PPT these drugs act by inhibiting topoisomerases. Clinical success and toxicity issues at later stages of etoposide usage inclined researchers to develop structurally modified PPT derivatives. Some of the compounds obtained are under clinical investigations and are anticipated to reach the market. AREAS COVERED The present review summarizes the attempts made by researchers across the globe to find out newer anticancer agents based on the PPT structure. It brings out the outline of the inventions filed in the form of patents during the years 2012 - 2014. EXPERT OPINION After the successful development of etoposide and teniposide there has been considerable interest in the PPT skeleton to develop newer chemotherapeutic agents. In this regard, several PPT derivatives such as TOP53, GL331, NK611, F11782, and so on, have been developed and are undergoing clinical trials. However, its low natural abundance is a major problem in carrying out research on PPT skeleton. This issue is expected to be addressed with the development of newer synthetic strategies to access structurally modified PPTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Kamal
- a 1 CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology , Hyderabad 500007, India +91 40 27193157 ; +91 40 27193189 ;
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Chen MC, Chen CH, Wang JC, Tsai AC, Liou JP, Pan SL, Teng CM. The HDAC inhibitor, MPT0E028, enhances erlotinib-induced cell death in EGFR-TKI-resistant NSCLC cells. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e810. [PMID: 24052078 PMCID: PMC3789188 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 07/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which promotes cell survival and division, is found at abnormally high levels on the surface of many cancer cell types, including many cases of non-small cell lung cancer. Erlotinib (Tarceva), an oral small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is a so-called targeted drug that inhibits the tyrosine kinase domain of EGFR, and thus targets cancer cells with some specificity while doing less damage to normal cells. However, erlotinib resistance can occur, reducing the efficacy of this treatment. To develop more effective therapeutic interventions by overcoming this resistance problem, we combined the histone deacetylase inhibitor, MPT0E028, with erlotinib in an effort to increase their antitumor effects in erlotinib-resistant lung adenocarcinoma cells. This combined treatment yielded significant growth inhibition, induced the expression of apoptotic proteins (PARP, γH2AX, and caspase-3), increased the levels of acetylated histone H3, and showed synergistic effects in vitro and in vivo. These effects were independent of the mutation status of the genes encoding EGFR or K-Ras. MPT0E028 synergistically blocked key regulators of the EGFR/HER2 signaling pathways, attenuating multiple compensatory pathways (e.g., AKT, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and c-MET). Our results indicate that this combination therapy might be a promising strategy for facilitating the effects of erlotinib monotherapy by activating various networks. Taken together, our data provide compelling evidence that MPT0E028 has the potential to improve the treatment of heterogeneous and drug-resistant tumors that cannot be controlled with single-target agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-C Chen
- Pharmacological Institute, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C-H Chen
- Pharmacological Institute, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - J-C Wang
- The PhD Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - A-C Tsai
- Pharmacological Institute, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - J-P Liou
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - S-L Pan
- The PhD Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C-M Teng
- Pharmacological Institute, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Lai CY, Tsai AC, Chen MC, Chang LH, Sun HL, Chang YL, Chen CC, Teng CM, Pan SL. Aciculatin induces p53-dependent apoptosis via MDM2 depletion in human cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42192. [PMID: 22912688 PMCID: PMC3418269 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aciculatin, a natural compound extracted from the medicinal herb Chrysopogon aciculatus, shows potent anti-cancer potency. This study is the first to prove that aciculatin induces cell death in human cancer cells and HCT116 mouse xenografts due to G1 arrest and subsequent apoptosis. The primary reason for cell cycle arrest and cell death was p53 accumulation followed by increased p21 level, dephosphorylation of Rb protein, PUMA expression, and induction of apoptotic signals such as cleavage of caspase-9, caspase-3, and PARP. We demonstrated that p53 allele-null (-/-) (p53-KO) HCT116 cells were more resistant to aciculatin than cells with wild-type p53 (+/+). The same result was achieved by knocking down p53 with siRNA in p53 wild-type cells, indicating that p53 plays a crucial role in aciculatin-induced apoptosis. Although DNA damage is the most common event leading to p53 activation, we found only weak evidence of DNA damage after aciculatin treatment. Interestingly, the aciculatin-induced downregulation of MDM2, an important negative regulator of p53, contributed to p53 accumulation. The anti-cancer activity and importance of p53 after aciculatin treatment were also confirmed in the HCT116 xenograft models. Collectively, these results indicate that aciculatin treatment induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via inhibition of MDM2 expression, thereby inducing p53 accumulation without significant DNA damage and genome toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Yu Lai
- Pharmacological Institute, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - An-Chi Tsai
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chuan Chen
- Pharmacological Institute, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hsun Chang
- Pharmacological Institute, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Lung Sun
- Pharmacological Institute, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ling Chang
- Pharmacological Institute, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chih Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, Hungkuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Che-Ming Teng
- Pharmacological Institute, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (CMT); (SLP)
| | - Shiow-Lin Pan
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (CMT); (SLP)
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Bailly C. Contemporary challenges in the design of topoisomerase II inhibitors for cancer chemotherapy. Chem Rev 2012; 112:3611-40. [PMID: 22397403 DOI: 10.1021/cr200325f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bailly
- Centre de Recherche et Développement, Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, Toulouse, France.
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