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Malinowski R, Singh D, Kasprzewska A, Blicharz S, Basińska-Barczak A. Vascular tissue - boon or bane? How pathogens usurp long-distance transport in plants and the defence mechanisms deployed to counteract them. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024. [PMID: 39101283 DOI: 10.1111/nph.20030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Evolutionary emergence of specialised vascular tissues has enabled plants to coordinate their growth and adjust to unfavourable external conditions. Whilst holding a pivotal role in long-distance transport, both xylem and phloem can be encroached on by various biotic factors for systemic invasion and hijacking of nutrients. Therefore, a complete understanding of the strategies deployed by plants against such pathogens to restrict their entry and establishment within plant tissues, is of key importance for the future development of disease-tolerant crops. In this review, we aim to describe how microorganisms exploit the plant vascular system as a route for gaining access and control of different host tissues and metabolic pathways. Highlighting several biological examples, we detail the wide range of host responses triggered to prevent or hinder vascular colonisation and effectively minimise damage upon biotic invasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Malinowski
- Department of Integrative Plant Biology, Institute of Plant Genetics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Strzeszynska 34, Poznań, 60-479, Poland
| | - Deeksha Singh
- Department of Integrative Plant Biology, Institute of Plant Genetics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Strzeszynska 34, Poznań, 60-479, Poland
| | - Anna Kasprzewska
- Regulation of Gene Expression Team, Institute of Plant Genetics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Strzeszynska 34, Poznań, 60-479, Poland
| | - Sara Blicharz
- Department of Integrative Plant Biology, Institute of Plant Genetics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Strzeszynska 34, Poznań, 60-479, Poland
| | - Aneta Basińska-Barczak
- Department of Integrative Plant Biology, Institute of Plant Genetics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Strzeszynska 34, Poznań, 60-479, Poland
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Nguyen HA, Anh Thi NP, Thien Trang NP, Ho TT, Trinh TND, Tran NKS, Trinh KTL. Recent advances in biosensors for screening plant pathogens. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:4485-4495. [PMID: 38940060 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay00766b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Worldwide, plant pathogens have been a considerably important cause of economic loss in agriculture especially in the decades of agricultural intensification. The increasing losses in agriculture due to biotic plant diseases have drawn attention towards the development of plant disease analyzing methods. In this context, biosensors have emerged as significantly important tools which help farmers in on-field diagnosis of plant diseases. Compared to traditional methods, biosensors have outstanding features such as being highly sensitive and selective, cost-effective, portable, fast and user-friendly operation, and so on. There are three common types of biosensors including electrochemical, fluorescent, and colorimetric biosensors. In this review, some common biotic plant diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, and viruses are first summarized. Then, current advances in developing biosensors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanh An Nguyen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Food and Biotechnology, Can Tho University, Can Tho City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Pham Anh Thi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Food and Biotechnology, Can Tho University, Can Tho City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Pham Thien Trang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Food and Biotechnology, Can Tho University, Can Tho City, Vietnam
| | - Thanh-Tam Ho
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Viet Nam
- Biotechnology Department, College of Medicine and Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Viet Nam
| | - Thi Ngoc Diep Trinh
- Department of Materials Science, School of Applied Chemistry, Tra Vinh University, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Khoi Song Tran
- NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ward 13, District 04, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam.
| | - Kieu The Loan Trinh
- BioNano Applications Research Center, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea.
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Longhi TV, Robaina RR, Leite RP, Balbi-Peña MI. Survival of Xanthomonas vasicola pv. vasculorum in Soil and in Corn Crop Residues under the Humid Subtropical Climate of Southern Brazil. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:825. [PMID: 39063579 PMCID: PMC11278283 DOI: 10.3390/life14070825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacterial leaf streak caused by Xanthomonas vasicola pv. vasculorum (Xvv) is an emerging disease in several corn-producing regions around the world. In Brazil, there is a lack of information on the survival of this bacterium in soil and crop residues. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the survival of Xvv in soil and also in infected corn crop residues under the humid subtropical climate of southern Brazil. The survival of Xvv in soil was initially investigated in sandy and clayey soils maintained at 20, 25 and 30 °C under controlled conditions. The survival of the bacterium under field conditions was studied in artificially infested clayey soil. The survival of Xvv in corn crop residues was investigated in infected residues maintained on the soil surface or buried in the soil at 20 cm deep. Under controlled conditions, regardless of the type of soil, the bacterium survived longer at 20 °C than at higher temperatures. The bacterium survived for 40 days in clayey soil kept at 20 °C and four days in sandy soil maintained at 30 °C. Under field conditions, the survival of Xvv in the soil was only for 48 h and in infected corn crop residues for up to 15 days in the samples maintained on the soil surface. In samples of infected corn residues buried in the soil, the bacterium was only detected at the time the experiment was set up. In general, the results obtained in this study revealed that Xvv survives for a short period of time in soil and in infected corn crop residues under humid subtropical conditions. Therefore, soil and corn residues may not be highly important sources of primary inoculum for the development of bacterial leaf streak on corn crops under these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talita Vigo Longhi
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural do Paraná—IAPAR/Emater (IDR-Paraná), km 375 Celso Garcia Cid Road, Londrina 86047-902, Brazil; (T.V.L.); (R.R.R.); (R.P.L.J.)
- Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), km 380 Celso Garcia Cid Road, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Renata Rodrigues Robaina
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural do Paraná—IAPAR/Emater (IDR-Paraná), km 375 Celso Garcia Cid Road, Londrina 86047-902, Brazil; (T.V.L.); (R.R.R.); (R.P.L.J.)
| | - Rui Pereira Leite
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural do Paraná—IAPAR/Emater (IDR-Paraná), km 375 Celso Garcia Cid Road, Londrina 86047-902, Brazil; (T.V.L.); (R.R.R.); (R.P.L.J.)
| | - Maria Isabel Balbi-Peña
- Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), km 380 Celso Garcia Cid Road, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil
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Huang J, Zhou H, Zhou M, Li N, Jiang B, He Y. Functional Analysis of Type III Effectors in Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris Reveals Distinct Roles in Modulating Arabidopsis Innate Immunity. Pathogens 2024; 13:448. [PMID: 38921746 PMCID: PMC11206781 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13060448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) is a significant phytopathogen causing black rot disease in crucifers. Its virulence relies heavily on the type III secretion system (T3SS), facilitating effector translocation into plant cells. The type III effectors (T3Es) disrupt cellular processes, promoting pathogen proliferation. However, only a few T3Es from Xcc have been thoroughly characterized. In this study, we further investigated two effectors using the T3Es-deficient mutant and the Arabidopsis protoplast system. XopE2Xcc triggers Arabidopsis immune responses via an unidentified activator of the salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathway, whereas XopLXcc suppresses the expression of genes associated with patterns-triggered immunity (PTI) and the SA signaling pathway. These two effectors exert opposing effects on Arabidopsis immune responses. Additionally, we examined the relationship between the specific domains and functions of these two effector proteins. Our findings demonstrate that the N-myristoylation motif and N-terminal domain are essential for the subcellular localization and virulence of XopE2Xcc and XopLXcc, respectively. These novel insights enhance our understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of T3Es and contribute to developing effective strategies for controlling bacterial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China; (J.H.); (B.J.)
| | - Hao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China; (J.H.); (B.J.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning 530006, China
| | - Min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China; (J.H.); (B.J.)
| | - Nana Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China; (J.H.); (B.J.)
| | - Bole Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China; (J.H.); (B.J.)
| | - Yongqiang He
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China; (J.H.); (B.J.)
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Iobbi V, Parisi V, Lanteri AP, Maggi N, Giacomini M, Drava G, Minuto G, Minuto A, Tommasi ND, Bisio A. NMR Metabolite Profiling for the Characterization of Vessalico Garlic Ecotype and Bioactivity against Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1170. [PMID: 38732385 PMCID: PMC11085173 DOI: 10.3390/plants13091170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
The Italian garlic ecotype "Vessalico" possesses distinct characteristics compared to its French parent cultivars Messidor and Messidrôme, used for sowing, as well as other ecotypes in neighboring regions. However, due to the lack of a standardized seed supply method and cultivation protocol among farmers in the Vessalico area, a need to identify garlic products that align with the Vessalico ecotype arises. In this study, an NMR-based approach followed by multivariate analysis to analyze the chemical composition of Vessalico garlic sourced from 17 different farms, along with its two French parent cultivars, was employed. Self-organizing maps allowed to identify a homogeneous subset of representative samples of the Vessalico ecotype. Through the OPLS-DA model, the most discriminant metabolites based on values of VIP (Variable Influence on Projections) were selected. Among them, S-allylcysteine emerged as a potential marker for distinguishing the Vessalico garlic from the French parent cultivars by NMR screening. Additionally, to promote sustainable agricultural practices, the potential of Vessalico garlic extracts and its main components as agrochemicals against Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, responsible for black rot disease, was explored. The crude extract exhibited a MIC of 125 μg/mL, and allicin demonstrated the highest activity among the tested compounds (MIC value of 31.25 μg/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Iobbi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy; (V.I.); (G.D.)
| | - Valentina Parisi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Salerno, Italy;
| | - Anna Paola Lanteri
- CERSAA Centro di Sperimentazione e Assistenza Agricola, Regione Rollo 98, 17031 Albenga, Italy; (A.P.L.); (G.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Norbert Maggi
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and System Science, University of Genova, via Opera Pia 13, 16145 Genova, Italy; (N.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Mauro Giacomini
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and System Science, University of Genova, via Opera Pia 13, 16145 Genova, Italy; (N.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Giuliana Drava
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy; (V.I.); (G.D.)
| | - Giovanni Minuto
- CERSAA Centro di Sperimentazione e Assistenza Agricola, Regione Rollo 98, 17031 Albenga, Italy; (A.P.L.); (G.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Andrea Minuto
- CERSAA Centro di Sperimentazione e Assistenza Agricola, Regione Rollo 98, 17031 Albenga, Italy; (A.P.L.); (G.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Nunziatina De Tommasi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Salerno, Italy;
| | - Angela Bisio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy; (V.I.); (G.D.)
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Rajib MMR, Sultana H, Gao J, Wang W, Yin H. Curd, seed yield and disease resistance of cauliflower are enhanced by oligosaccharides. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17150. [PMID: 38549777 PMCID: PMC10977091 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Oligosaccharides have been demonstrated as promoters for enhancing plant growth across several crops by elevating their secondary metabolites. However, the exploration of employing diverse oligosaccharides for qualitative trait improvements in cauliflower largely unknown. This study was intended to uncover the unexplored potential, evaluating the stimulatory effects of three oligosaccharides on cauliflower's curd and seed production. Methods Two experiments were initiated in the early (15 September) and mid-season (15 October). Four treatments were implemented, encompassing a control (water) alongside chitosan oligosaccharide (COS 50 mg.L-1) with a degree of polymerization (DP) 2-10, oligo galacturonic acid (OGA 50 mg.L-1) with DP 2-10 and alginate oligosaccharide (AOS 50 mg.L-1) with DP 2-7. Results Oligosaccharides accelerated plant height (4-17.6%), leaf number (17-43%), curd (5-14.55%), and seed yield (17.8-64.5%) in both early and mid-season compared to control. These enhancements were even more pronounced in the mid-season (7.6-17.6%, 21.37-43%, 7.27-14.55%, 25.89-64.5%) than in the early season. Additionally, three oligosaccharides demonstrated significant disease resistance against black rot in both seasons, outperforming the control. As a surprise, the early season experienced better growth parameters than the mid-season. However, performance patterns remained more or less consistent in both seasons under the same treatments. COS and OGA promoted plant biomass and curd yield by promoting Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) value and phenol content. Meanwhile, AOS increased seed yield (56.8-64.5%) and elevated levels of chlorophyll, ascorbic acid, flavonoids, while decreasing levels of hydrogen per oxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50), and disease index. The correlation matrix and principal component analysis (PCA) supported these relations and findings. Therefore, COS and OGA could be suggested for curd production and AOS for seed production in the early season, offering resistance to both biotic and abiotic stresses for cauliflower cultivation under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Mijanur Rahman Rajib
- Natural Products and Glyco-Biotechnology Lab, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Horticulture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Hasina Sultana
- Department of Horticulture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Jin Gao
- Natural Products and Glyco-Biotechnology Lab, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Wenxia Wang
- Natural Products and Glyco-Biotechnology Lab, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Heng Yin
- Natural Products and Glyco-Biotechnology Lab, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Lauber E, González-Fuente M, Escouboué M, Vicédo C, Luneau JS, Pouzet C, Jauneau A, Gris C, Zhang ZM, Pichereaux C, Carrère S, Deslandes L, Noël LD. Bacterial host adaptation through sequence and structural variations of a single type III effector gene. iScience 2024; 27:109224. [PMID: 38439954 PMCID: PMC10909901 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Molecular mechanisms underlying quantitative variations of pathogenicity remain elusive. Here, we identified the Xanthomonas campestris XopJ6 effector that triggers disease resistance in cauliflower and Arabidopsis thaliana. XopJ6 is a close homolog of the Ralstoniapseudosolanacearum PopP2 YopJ family acetyltransferase. XopJ6 is recognized by the RRS1-R/RPS4 NLR pair that integrates a WRKY decoy domain mimicking effector targets. We identified a XopJ6 natural variant carrying a single residue substitution in XopJ6 WRKY-binding site that disrupts interaction with WRKY proteins. This mutation allows XopJ6 to evade immune perception while retaining some XopJ6 virulence functions. Interestingly, xopJ6 resides in a Tn3-family transposon likely contributing to xopJ6 copy number variation (CNV). Using synthetic biology, we demonstrate that xopJ6 CNV tunes pathogen virulence on Arabidopsis through gene dosage-mediated modulation of xopJ6 expression. Together, our findings highlight how sequence and structural genetic variations restricted at a particular effector gene contribute to bacterial host adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Lauber
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microbes-Environnement (LIPME), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Manuel González-Fuente
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microbes-Environnement (LIPME), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Maxime Escouboué
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microbes-Environnement (LIPME), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Céline Vicédo
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microbes-Environnement (LIPME), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Julien S. Luneau
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microbes-Environnement (LIPME), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Cécile Pouzet
- TRI-FRAIB Imaging Platform Facilities, FRAIB, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31320 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Alain Jauneau
- TRI-FRAIB Imaging Platform Facilities, FRAIB, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31320 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Carine Gris
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microbes-Environnement (LIPME), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Zhi-Min Zhang
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Carole Pichereaux
- Fédération de Recherche Agrobiosciences, Interactions et Biodiversité (FRAIB), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université de Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Auzeville-Tolosane, France
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université de Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Toulouse, France
- Infrastructure nationale de protéomique, ProFI, FR 2048, Toulouse, France
| | - Sébastien Carrère
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microbes-Environnement (LIPME), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Laurent Deslandes
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microbes-Environnement (LIPME), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Laurent D. Noël
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microbes-Environnement (LIPME), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
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Krishnappa S, Karthik Y, Pratap GK, Shantaram M, Umarajashekhar A, Soumya J, Bhatt B, Sayed SM, Alhelaify SS, Aharthy OM, Mushtaq M. Exploration of bioactive compounds from Olea dioica in Western Ghats of Karnataka using GC-MS. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:63. [PMID: 38344286 PMCID: PMC10853147 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03888-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Bioactive compounds in plants are essential for the formation of novel chemotherapeutic drugs, which have been used in Ayurveda to treat a variety of illnesses. Indian medicinal herbs have been used for thousands of years to treat a variety of illnesses, such as fever, cancer, snake bites, rheumatism, skin problems, and neurodegenerative diseases. GC-MS was used to locate and categorize bioactive components in Olea dioica leaves. The results showed that presence of octanoic acid, methyl ester, decanoic acid, methyl ester, desulphosinigrin, l-gala-l-ido-octose, methyl tetradecanoate, Tetradecanoic acid, 6-benzoxazolesulfonamide, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-methyl-, 10-chloro-5-methoxy-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene, pentadecanoic acid, oleic acid, n-hexadecanoic acid, hexanedioic acid, dioctyl ester, and squalene. The methanol extract of Olea dioica was effective against a wide spectrum of pathogenic bacteria at four different concentrations, with the highest activity against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Xanthomonas campestris, and Salmonella typhimurium. It also showed moderate activity against Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptomyces pneumonia, and Pseudomonas syringae. The pharmacological properties of O. dioica, as well as their variety and comprehensive phytochemistry, could be exploited as a potent antimicrobial agent for future therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasa Krishnappa
- Department of Studies and Research in Biochemistry, Mangalore University, Jnana Kaveri, Chikka Aluvara, Kodagu, Karnataka India
| | - Yalpi Karthik
- Department of Studies and Research in Microbiology, Mangalore University, Jnana Kaveri, Chikka Aluvara, Kodagu, Karnataka India
| | - G. K. Pratap
- Department of Studies and Research in Biochemistry, Mangalore University, Jnana Kaveri, Chikka Aluvara, Kodagu, Karnataka India
| | - Manjula Shantaram
- Department of Studies and Research in Biochemistry, Mangalore University, Jnana Kaveri, Chikka Aluvara, Kodagu, Karnataka India
| | - Alavala Umarajashekhar
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology and Bio-Energy Agricultural College JilleleSircilla, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agriculture University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India
| | - J. Soumya
- Department of Microbiology, Government Degree College, Bodhan, Kakatiya University, Warangal, India
| | - Bhagyashree Bhatt
- MS Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Bajhol, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173229 India
| | - Samy M. Sayed
- Department of Science and Technology, University College-Ranyah, Taif University, B.O. Box 11099, 21944 Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Seham Sater Alhelaify
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, 21944 Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ohud Muslat Aharthy
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, 21944 Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muntazir Mushtaq
- MS Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Bajhol, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173229 India
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Boyer C, Lefeuvre P, Richard D, Lobin KK, Pruvost O. Complete Genome Sequence of a Copper-Resistant Xanthomonas campestris pv . campestris Strain Isolated from Broccoli in Mauritius Suggests Adaptive Gene Gain Through Horizontal Gene Transfer. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2024; 114:328-333. [PMID: 37584505 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-05-23-0177-sc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial adaptation is facilitated by the presence of mobile genetic elements and horizontal gene transfer of genes, such as those coding for virulence factors or resistance to antimicrobial compounds. A hybrid assembly of Nanopore MinIon long-read and Illumina short-read data was produced from a copper-resistant Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris strain isolated from symptomatic broccoli leaves in Mauritius. We obtained a 5.2-Mb high-quality chromosome and no plasmid. We found four genomic islands, three of which were characterized as integrative conjugative elements or integrative mobilizable elements. These genomic islands carried type III effectors and the copper resistance copLABMGF system involved in pathogenicity and environmental adaptation, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudine Boyer
- CIRAD, UMR PVBMT, F-97410 Saint Pierre, La Réunion, France
| | | | - Damien Richard
- CIRAD, UMR PVBMT, F-97410 Saint Pierre, La Réunion, France
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Evseev PV, Tarakanov RI, Vo HTN, Suzina NE, Vasilyeva AA, Ignatov AN, Miroshnikov KA, Dzhalilov FSU. Characterisation of New Foxunavirus Phage Murka with the Potential of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris Control. Viruses 2024; 16:198. [PMID: 38399973 PMCID: PMC10892653 DOI: 10.3390/v16020198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Phages of phytopathogenic bacteria are considered to be promising agents for the biological control of bacterial diseases in plants. This paper reports on the isolation and characterisation of a new Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris phage, Murka. Phage morphology and basic kinetic characteristics of the infection were determined, and a phylogenomic analysis was performed. The phage was able to lyse a reasonably broad range (64%, 9 of the 14 of the Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris strains used in the study) of circulating strains of the cabbage black rot pathogen. This lytic myovirus has a DNA genome of 44,044 bp and contains 83 predicted genes. Taxonomically, it belongs to the genus Foxunavirus. This bacteriophage is promising for use as a possible means of biological control of cabbage black rot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter V. Evseev
- Department of Plant Protection, Russian State Agrarian University—Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Timiryazevskaya Str. 49, 127434 Moscow, Russia; (P.V.E.); (A.A.V.); (A.N.I.); (K.A.M.); (F.S.-U.D.)
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya Str. 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanova 1, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Rashit I. Tarakanov
- Department of Plant Protection, Russian State Agrarian University—Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Timiryazevskaya Str. 49, 127434 Moscow, Russia; (P.V.E.); (A.A.V.); (A.N.I.); (K.A.M.); (F.S.-U.D.)
| | - Ha T. N. Vo
- Faculty of Agronomy, Nong Lam University, Quarter 6, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City 721400, Vietnam;
| | - Natalia E. Suzina
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Prosp. Nauki, 5, 142290 Pushchino, Russia;
| | - Anna A. Vasilyeva
- Department of Plant Protection, Russian State Agrarian University—Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Timiryazevskaya Str. 49, 127434 Moscow, Russia; (P.V.E.); (A.A.V.); (A.N.I.); (K.A.M.); (F.S.-U.D.)
| | - Alexander N. Ignatov
- Department of Plant Protection, Russian State Agrarian University—Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Timiryazevskaya Str. 49, 127434 Moscow, Russia; (P.V.E.); (A.A.V.); (A.N.I.); (K.A.M.); (F.S.-U.D.)
- Agrobiotechnology Department, Agrarian and Technological Institute, RUDN University, Miklukho-Maklaya Str., 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin A. Miroshnikov
- Department of Plant Protection, Russian State Agrarian University—Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Timiryazevskaya Str. 49, 127434 Moscow, Russia; (P.V.E.); (A.A.V.); (A.N.I.); (K.A.M.); (F.S.-U.D.)
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya Str. 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Fevzi S.-U. Dzhalilov
- Department of Plant Protection, Russian State Agrarian University—Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Timiryazevskaya Str. 49, 127434 Moscow, Russia; (P.V.E.); (A.A.V.); (A.N.I.); (K.A.M.); (F.S.-U.D.)
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11
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Garin T, Brin C, Préveaux A, Brault A, Briand M, Simonin M, Barret M, Journet L, Sarniguet A. The type VI secretion system of Stenotrophomonas rhizophila CFBP13503 limits the transmission of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris 8004 from radish seeds to seedlings. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2024; 25:e13412. [PMID: 38279854 PMCID: PMC10777753 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Stenotrophomonas rhizophila CFBP13503 is a seedborne commensal bacterial strain, which is efficiently transmitted to seedlings and can outcompete the phytopathogenic bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc8004). The type VI secretion system (T6SS), an interference contact-dependent mechanism, is a critical component of interbacterial competition. The involvement of the T6SS of S. rhizophila CFBP13503 in the inhibition of Xcc8004 growth and seed-to-seedling transmission was assessed. The T6SS cluster of S. rhizophila CFBP13503 and nine putative effectors were identified. Deletion of two T6SS structural genes, hcp and tssB, abolished the competitive advantage of S. rhizophila against Xcc8004 in vitro. The population sizes of these two bacterial species were monitored in seedlings after inoculation of radish seeds with mixtures of Xcc8004 and either S. rhizophila wild-type (wt) strain or isogenic hcp mutant. A significant decrease in the population size of Xcc8004 was observed during confrontation with the S. rhizophila wt in comparison with T6SS-deletion mutants in germinated seeds and seedlings. We found that the T6SS distribution among 835 genomes of the Stenotrophomonas genus is scarce. In contrast, in all available S. rhizophila genomes, T6SS clusters are widespread and mainly belong to the T6SS group i4. In conclusion, the T6SS of S. rhizophila CFBP13503 is involved in the antibiosis against Xcc8004 and reduces seedling transmission of Xcc8004 in radish. The distribution of this T6SS cluster in the S. rhizophila complex could make it possible to exploit these strains as biocontrol agents against X. campestris pv. campestris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Garin
- Univ Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAVAngersFrance
| | - Chrystelle Brin
- Univ Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAVAngersFrance
| | - Anne Préveaux
- Univ Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAVAngersFrance
| | - Agathe Brault
- Univ Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAVAngersFrance
| | - Martial Briand
- Univ Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAVAngersFrance
| | - Marie Simonin
- Univ Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAVAngersFrance
| | - Matthieu Barret
- Univ Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAVAngersFrance
| | - Laure Journet
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Macromoléculaires, Institut de Microbiologie, Bioénergies et Biotechnologie, Institut de Microbiologie de la MéditerranéeAix‐Marseille Université‐CNRS, UMR 7255MarseilleFrance
| | - Alain Sarniguet
- Univ Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAVAngersFrance
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12
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Neoralová M, Brázdová S, Eichmeier A, Petrzik K. Complete genome sequence of Xanthomonas phage M29, a new member of Foxunavirus isolated in the Czech Republic. Virus Genes 2023; 59:874-877. [PMID: 37667026 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-023-02027-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
The newly discovered Xanthomonas phage M29 (Xp M29) is the first lytic phage infecting Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) that was isolated from cabbage leaves in the Czech Republic. The phage consists of icosahedral head approximately 60 nm in diameter and a probably contractile tail of 170 nm. The complete genome size was 42 891 bp, with a G + C content of 59.6%, and 69 ORFs were predicted on both strands. Pairwise nucleotide comparison showed the highest similarity with the recently described Xanthomonas phage FoX3 (91.2%). Bacteriophage Xp M29 has a narrow host range infecting 5 out of 21 isolates of Xcc. Xp M29 is a novel species in a newly formed genus Foxunavirus assigned directly to the class Caudoviricetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mária Neoralová
- Faculty of Horticulture, Mendeleum-Institute of Genetics, Mendel University in Brno, Valtická 334, 691 44, Brno, Lednice, Czech Republic.
| | - Sára Brázdová
- Department of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Eichmeier
- Faculty of Horticulture, Mendeleum-Institute of Genetics, Mendel University in Brno, Valtická 334, 691 44, Brno, Lednice, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Petrzik
- Department of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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13
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Chen XY, Hu SS, Xu XC, Tang JL, Tang DJ. RNase D Is Involved in 5S rRNA Degradation and Exopolysaccharide Production in Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 113:1822-1832. [PMID: 37160665 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-09-22-0327-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Ribonucleases (RNases) play critical roles in RNA metabolism and are collectively essential for cell viability. However, most knowledge about bacterial RNases comes from the studies on Escherichia coli; very little is known about the RNases in plant pathogens. The crucifer black rot pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) encodes 15 RNases, but none of them has been functionally characterized. Here, we report the physiological function of the exoribonuclease RNase D in Xcc and provide evidence demonstrating that the Xcc RNase D is involved in 5S rRNA degradation and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production. Our work shows that the growth and virulence of Xcc were not affected by deletion of RNase D but were severely attenuated by RNase D overexpression. However, deletion of RNase D in Xcc resulted in a significant reduction in EPS production. In addition, either deletion or overexpression of RNase D in Xcc did not influence the tRNAs tested, inconsistent with the finding in E. coli that the primary function of RNase D is to participate in tRNA maturation and its overexpression degrades tRNAs. More importantly, deletion, overexpression, and in vitro enzymatic analyses revealed that the Xcc RNase D degrades 5S rRNA but not 16S and 23S rRNAs that share an operon with 5S rRNA. Our results suggest that Xcc employs RNase D to realize specific modulation of the cellular 5S rRNA content after transcription and maturation whenever necessary. The finding expands our knowledge about the function of RNase D in bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yi Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources and College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Shan-Shan Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources and College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Xiao-Can Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources and College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Ji-Liang Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources and College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Dong-Jie Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources and College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
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14
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Kim YH, Mao S, Sahu N, Somaddar U, Kim HT, Watanabe M, Park JI. Molecular Marker Development for the Rapid Differentiation of Black Rot Causing Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris Race 7. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 39:494-503. [PMID: 37817495 PMCID: PMC10580059 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.07.2023.0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) is a plant pathogen of Brassica crops that causes black rot disease throughout the world. At present, 11 physiological races of Xcc (races 1-11) have been reported. The conventional method of using differential cultivars for Xcc race detection is not accurate and it is laborious and time-consuming. Therefore, the development of specific molecular markers has been used as a substitute tool because it offers an accurate and reliable result, particularly a quick diagnosis of Xcc races. Previously, our laboratory has successfully developed race-specific molecular markers for Xcc races 1-6. In this study, specific molecular markers to identify Xcc race 7 have been developed. In the course of study, whole genome sequences of several Xcc races, X. campestris pv. incanae, X. campestris pv. raphani, and X. campestris pv. vesicatoria were aligned to identify variable regions like sequence-characterized amplified regions and insertions and deletions specific to race 7. Primer pairs were designed targeting these regions and validated against 22 samples. The polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that three primer pairs specifically amplified the DNA fragment corresponding to race 7. The obtained finding clearly demonstrates the efficiency of the newly developed markers in accurately detecting Xcc race 7 among the other races. These results indicated that the newly developed marker can successfully and rapidly detect Xcc race 7 from other races. This study represents the first report on the successful development of specific molecular markers for Xcc race 7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeo-Hyeon Kim
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Sopheap Mao
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Nihar Sahu
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Uzzal Somaddar
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Hoy-Taek Kim
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Masao Watanabe
- Graduate School of Life Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Jong-In Park
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
- Graduate School of Life Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
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15
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Vega-Álvarez C, Francisco M, Cartea ME, Fernández JC, Soengas P. The growth-immunity tradeoff in Brassica oleracea-Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris pathosystem. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:2985-2997. [PMID: 36180381 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plant responses against pathogens are influenced by growth immunity tradeoff, which ensure the best use of limited resources. We study how the immobilization of carbon resources and the induction of defensive responses (glucosinolates, phenolic compounds, stomatal closure) can influence the biomass of two Brassica oleracea lines, differing in their resistance, after infection with Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. Potentially, the growth immunity tradeoff can be influenced by the activation of all these processes. However, on the contrary of which is normally stated, our results suggest that the loss of biomass caused by pathogen infection is mainly due to the differential accumulation of starch and the immobilization of sugars rather than the reallocation of resources to synthesize secondary metabolites. Moreover, resistance may be related to the effectiveness of the tradeoff, since the resistant line immobilizes resources more efficiently than the susceptible one. Both inbred lines show a different phytohormones profile, which support the hypothesis that they are employing different strategies to defend themselves against the pathogen. This study emphasizes the key role of the primary metabolism in the defence strategies of plants against pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Pilar Soengas
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (CSIC), Pontevedra, Spain
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16
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Li JB, Xiong LT, Lu YR, Zhang YQ, Xu XL, Wang HH, Deng X, Hu XH, Cui ZN. Novel pyrimidin-4-one derivatives as potential T3SS inhibitors against Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:3666-3675. [PMID: 37184259 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cruciferous black rot is caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) infection and is a widespread disease worldwide. Excessive and repeated use of bactericide is an important cause of the development of bacterial resistance. It is imperative to take new approaches to screening compounds that target virulence factors rather than kill bacterial pathogens. The type III secretion system (T3SS) invades a variety of cells by transporting virulence effector factors into the cytoplasm and is an attractive antitoxic target. Toward the search of new T3SS inhibitors, an alternative series of novel pyrimidin-4-one derivatives were designed and synthesized and assessed for their effect in blocking the virulence. RESULTS All of the target compounds were characterized by proton (1 H) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), carbon-13 (13 C) NMR, fluorine-19 (19 F) NMR and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). All compounds were evaluated using high-throughput screening systems against Xcc. The results of the biological activity test revealed that the compound SPF-9 could highly inhibit the activity of xopN gene promoter and the hypersensitivity (HR) of tobacco without affecting bacterial growth. Moreover, messenger RNA (mRNA) level measurements showed that compound SPF-9 inhibited the expression of some representative genes (hrp/hrc genes). Compound SPF-9 weakened the pathogenicity of Xcc to Raphanus sativus L. CONCLUSION Compound SPF-9 has good potential for further development as a novel T3SS inhibitor against Xcc. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Bao Li
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Integrative Microbiology Research Center, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lan-Tu Xiong
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Integrative Microbiology Research Center, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Rong Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Integrative Microbiology Research Center, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Qing Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Integrative Microbiology Research Center, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Li Xu
- Instrumental Analysis and Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Hong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Deng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xu-Hong Hu
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zi-Ning Cui
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Integrative Microbiology Research Center, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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17
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Padhi Y, Chatterjee S. XdfA, a novel membrane-associated DedA family protein of Xanthomonas campestris, is required for optimum virulence, maintenance of magnesium, and membrane homeostasis. mBio 2023; 14:e0136123. [PMID: 37498088 PMCID: PMC10470534 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01361-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Xanthomonas campestris is an important member of the Xanthomonas group of phytopathogens that causes diseases in crucifers. In X. campestris, several virulence-associated functions, including some belonging to unknown predicted functions, have been implicated in the colonization and disease processes. However, the role of many of these unknown predicted proteins in Xanthomonas-host interaction and their exact physiological function is not clearly known. In this study, we identified a novel membrane-associated protein belonging to the DedA super family, XdfA, which is required for virulence in X. campestris. The DedA family of proteins are generally ubiquitous in bacteria; however, their function and actual physiological role are largely elusive. Characterization of ∆xdfA by homology modeling, membrane localization, and physiological studies indicated that XdfA is a membrane-associated protein that plays a role in the maintenance of membrane integrity. Furthermore, functional homology modeling analysis revealed that the XdfA exhibits structural similarity to a CorA-like magnesium transporter and is required for optimum growth under low magnesium ion concentration. We report for the first time that a putative DedA family of protein in Xanthomonas is required for optimum virulence and plays a role in the maintenance of membrane-associated functions and magnesium homeostasis. IMPORTANCE Bacterial DedA family proteins are involved in a range of cellular processes such as ion transport, signal transduction, and cell division. Here, we have discussed about a novel DedA family protein XdfA in Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris that has a role in membrane homeostasis, magnesium transport, and virulence. Understanding membrane and magnesium homeostasis will aid in our comprehension of bacterial physiology and eventually will help us devise effective antimicrobial strategies to safeguard horticulturally and agriculturally important crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasobanta Padhi
- Laboratory of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Graduate Studies, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Udupi, Karnataka, India
| | - Subhadeep Chatterjee
- Laboratory of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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18
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Tserevelakis GJ, Theocharis A, Spyropoulou S, Trantas E, Goumas D, Ververidis F, Zacharakis G. Hybrid Autofluorescence and Optoacoustic Microscopy for the Label-Free, Early and Rapid Detection of Pathogenic Infections in Vegetative Tissues. J Imaging 2023; 9:176. [PMID: 37754940 PMCID: PMC10532063 DOI: 10.3390/jimaging9090176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Agriculture plays a pivotal role in food security and food security is challenged by pests and pathogens. Due to these challenges, the yields and quality of agricultural production are reduced and, in response, restrictions in the trade of plant products are applied. Governments have collaborated to establish robust phytosanitary measures, promote disease surveillance, and invest in research and development to mitigate the impact on food security. Classic as well as modernized tools for disease diagnosis and pathogen surveillance do exist, but most of these are time-consuming, laborious, or are less sensitive. To that end, we propose the innovative application of a hybrid imaging approach through the combination of confocal fluorescence and optoacoustic imaging microscopy. This has allowed us to non-destructively detect the physiological changes that occur in plant tissues as a result of a pathogen-induced interaction well before visual symptoms occur. When broccoli leaves were artificially infected with Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc), eventually causing an economically important bacterial disease, the induced optical absorption alterations could be detected at very early stages of infection. Therefore, this innovative microscopy approach was positively utilized to detect the disease caused by a plant pathogen, showing that it can also be employed to detect quarantine pathogens such as Xylella fastidiosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- George J. Tserevelakis
- Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, N. Plastira 100, GR-70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (G.J.T.); (S.S.)
| | - Andreas Theocharis
- Department of Agriculture, School of Agricultural Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Estavromenos, GR-71410 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (A.T.); (E.T.); (D.G.)
| | - Stavroula Spyropoulou
- Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, N. Plastira 100, GR-70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (G.J.T.); (S.S.)
| | - Emmanouil Trantas
- Department of Agriculture, School of Agricultural Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Estavromenos, GR-71410 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (A.T.); (E.T.); (D.G.)
- Institute of Agri-Food and Life Sciences, University Research Centre, Hellenic Mediterranean University, GR-71410 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Goumas
- Department of Agriculture, School of Agricultural Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Estavromenos, GR-71410 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (A.T.); (E.T.); (D.G.)
- Institute of Agri-Food and Life Sciences, University Research Centre, Hellenic Mediterranean University, GR-71410 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Filippos Ververidis
- Department of Agriculture, School of Agricultural Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Estavromenos, GR-71410 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (A.T.); (E.T.); (D.G.)
- Institute of Agri-Food and Life Sciences, University Research Centre, Hellenic Mediterranean University, GR-71410 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Giannis Zacharakis
- Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, N. Plastira 100, GR-70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (G.J.T.); (S.S.)
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19
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Rogo U, Fambrini M, Pugliesi C. Embryo Rescue in Plant Breeding. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3106. [PMID: 37687352 PMCID: PMC10489947 DOI: 10.3390/plants12173106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Embryo rescue (ER) techniques are among the oldest and most successful in vitro tissue culture protocols used with plant species. ER refers to a series of methods that promote the development of an immature or lethal embryo into a viable plant. Intraspecific, interspecific, or intergeneric crosses allow the introgression of important alleles of agricultural interest from wild species, such as resistance or tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses or morphological traits in crops. However, pre-zygotic and post-zygotic reproductive barriers often present challenges in achieving successful hybridization. Pre-zygotic barriers manifest as incompatibility reactions that hinder pollen germination, pollen tube growth, or penetration into the ovule occurring in various tissues, such as the stigma, style, or ovary. To overcome these barriers, several strategies are employed, including cut-style or graft-on-style techniques, the utilization of mixed pollen from distinct species, placenta pollination, and in vitro ovule pollination. On the other hand, post-zygotic barriers act at different tissues and stages ranging from early embryo development to the subsequent growth and reproduction of the offspring. Many crosses among different genera result in embryo abortion due to the failure of endosperm development. In such cases, ER techniques are needed to rescue these hybrids. ER holds great promise for not only facilitating successful crosses but also for obtaining haploids, doubled haploids, and manipulating the ploidy levels for chromosome engineering by monosomic and disomic addition as well substitution lines. Furthermore, ER can be used to shorten the reproductive cycle and for the propagation of rare plants. Additionally, it has been repeatedly used to study the stages of embryonic development, especially in embryo-lethal mutants. The most widely used ER procedure is the culture of immature embryos taken and placed directly on culture media. In certain cases, the in vitro culture of ovule, ovaries or placentas enables the successful development of young embryos from the zygote stage to maturity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Claudio Pugliesi
- Department of Agriculture Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (U.R.); (M.F.)
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Singh D, Kesharwani AK, Avasthi AS. The type-III effectors-based multiplex PCR for detection of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris causing black rot disease in crucifer crops. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:272. [PMID: 37449249 PMCID: PMC10335992 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03691-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The black rot disease in crucifer crops is caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) which drastically reduces the productivity of crops. Three Xcc races, such as races 1, 4, and 6, have been identified from India that possess nine avr genes, or type-III effectors (T3Es). Here, we used three T3Es-avrXccC, avrBs1, and avrGf1 to identify Xcc from bacterial DNA, bacterial suspensions, Xcc-infected seeds, and the sap of the infected leaves using multiplex PCR. The T3Es were amplified using gene-specific primers with gDNA of Xcc. Then, the multiplex PCR was optimized and amplified T3Es using the sap of black rot-infected cauliflower leaves. Further, this method amplified T3Es from artificially infected seeds (1-100%) of cauliflower and from Xcc colonies (0.1-100%) grown on nutrient agar medium. The primer specificity of T3E genes elucidates that these are specifically detected in all Indian Xcc strains and races, while no bands were observed with other unrelated bacteria, such as X. euvesicatoria, X. oryzae pv. oryzae, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Ralstonia solanacearum, Bacillus subtilis, and B. amyloliquefaciens. Further, this PCR possesses high sensitivity and amplifies T3E genes using up to 0.01 ng Xcc DNA. The high specificity and sensitivity of T3Es-based multiplex PCR make it a potential method and can be used to amplify Xcc from various templates, such as purified DNA, Xcc-infected seeds and leaves, crude extracts, etc., without the need to extract plant or bacterial DNA. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03691-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Singh
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Amit Kumar Kesharwani
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201303 India
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Greer SF, Surendran A, Grant M, Lillywhite R. The current status, challenges, and future perspectives for managing diseases of brassicas. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1209258. [PMID: 37533829 PMCID: PMC10392840 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1209258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The Brassica genus comprises the greatest diversity of agriculturally important crops. Several species from this genus are grown as vegetable and oil crops for food, animal feed and industrial purposes. In particular, B. oleracea has been extensively bred to give rise to several familiar vegetables (cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, kale and Brussels Sprouts, etc.) that are grouped under seven major cultivars. In 2020, 96.4 million tonnes of vegetable brassicas were produced globally with a 10.6% increase over the past decade. Yet, like other crops, the production of brassicas is challenged by diseases among which, black rot, clubroot, downy mildew and turnip yellows virus have been identified by growers as the most damaging to UK production. In some cases, yield losses can reach 90% depending upon the geographic location of cultivation. This review aims to provide an overview of the key diseases of brassicas and their management practices, with respect to the biology and lifecycle of the causal pathogens. In addition, the existing controls on the market as well as those that are currently in the research and development phases were critically reviewed. There is not one specific control method that is effective against all the diseases. Generally, cultural practices prevent disease rather than reduce or eliminate disease. Chemical controls are limited, have broad-spectrum activity, are damaging to the environment and are rapidly becoming ineffective due to the evolution of resistance mechanisms by the pathogens. It is therefore important to develop integrated pest management (IPM) strategies that are tailored to geographic locations. Several knowledge gaps have been identified and listed in this review along with the future recommendations to control these four major diseases of brassicas. As such, this review paper will act as a guide to sustainably tackle pre-harvest diseases in Brassica crops to reduce food loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon F. Greer
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Arthy Surendran
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Carbon, Crop and Soils Group, SRUC, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Murray Grant
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Lillywhite
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
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Furlanetto V, Divne C. LolA and LolB from the plant-pathogen Xanthomonas campestris forms a stable heterodimeric complex in the absence of lipoprotein. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1216799. [PMID: 37502397 PMCID: PMC10368991 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1216799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Gram-negative bacterium Xanthomonas campestris is one of the most problematic phytopathogens, and especially the pathovar campestris (Xcc) that causes a devastating plant disease known as black rot and it is of considerable interest to understand the molecular mechanisms that enable virulence and pathogenicity. Gram-negative bacteria depend on lipoproteins (LPs) that serve many important functions including control of cell shape and integrity, biogenesis of the outer membrane (OM) and establishment of transport pathways across the periplasm. The LPs are localized to the OM where they are attached via a lipid anchor by a process known as the localization of lipoprotein (Lol) pathway. Once a lipid anchor has been synthesized on the nascent LP, the Lol pathway is initiated by a membrane-bound ABC transporter that extracts the lipid anchor of the LP from the IM. The ABC extractor presents the extracted LP to the transport protein LolA, which binds the anchor and thereby shields it from the hydrophilic periplasmic milieu. It is assumed that LolA then carries the LP across the periplasm to the OM. At the periplasmic face of the OM, the LP cargo is delivered to LolB, which completes the Lol pathway by inserting the LP anchor in the inner leaflet of the outer membrane. Earlier studies have shown that loss of Xcc LolA or LolB leads to decreased virulence and pathogenicity during plant infection, which motivates studies to better understand the Lol system in Xcc. In this study, we report the first experimental structure of a complex between LolA and LolB. The crystal structure reveals a stable LolA-LolB complex in the absence of LP. The structural integrity of the LP-free complex is safeguarded by specific protein-protein interactions that do not coincide with interactions predicted to participate in lipid binding. The results allow us to identify structural determinants that enable Xcc LolA to dock with LolB and initiate LP transfer.
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Ramnarine SDBJ, Jayaraman J, Ramsubhag A. copLAB gene prevalence and diversity among Trinidadian Xanthomonas spp. black-rot lesion isolates with variable copper resistance profiles. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15657. [PMID: 37397015 PMCID: PMC10312155 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There has been limited exploration of copLAB genotypes and associated copper resistance phenotypes in Xanthomonas spp. in the southern Caribbean region. An earlier study highlighted a variant copLAB gene cluster found in one Trinidadian Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) strain (BrA1), with <90% similarity to previously reported Xanthomonas copLAB genes. With only one report describing this copper resistance genotype, the current study investigated the distribution of the BrA1 variant copLAB gene cluster and previously reported forms of copper resistance genes in local Xanthomonas spp. Methods Xanthomonas spp. were isolated from black-rot infected lesions on leaf tissue from crucifer crops at intensively farmed sites with high agrochemical usage in Trinidad. The identity of morphologically identified isolates were confirmed using a paired primer PCR based screen and 16s rRNA partial gene sequencing. MGY agar amended with CuSO4.5H2O up to 2.4 mM was used to establish MIC's for confirmed isolates and group strains as sensitive, tolerant, or resistant to copper. Separate primer pairs targeting the BrA1 variant copLAB genes and those predicted to target multiple homologs found in Xanthomonas and Stenotrophomonas spp. were used to screen copper resistant isolates. Select amplicons were sanger sequenced and evolutionary relationships inferred from global reference sequences using a ML approach. Results Only four copper sensitive/tolerant Xanthomonas sp. strains were isolated, with 35 others classed as copper-resistant from a total population of 45 isolates. PCR detection of copLAB genes revealed two PCR negative copper-resistant resistant strains. Variant copLAB genes were only found in Xcc from the original source location of the BrA1 strain, Aranguez. Other copper-resistant strains contained other copLAB homologs that clustered into three distinct clades. These groups were more similar to genes from X. perforans plasmids and Stenotrophomonas spp. chromosomal homologs than reference Xcc sequences. This study highlights the localisation of the BrA1 variant copLAB genes to one agricultural community and the presence of three distinct copLAB gene groupings in Xcc and related Xanthomonas spp. with defined CuSO4.5H2O MIC. Further characterisation of these gene groups and copper resistance gene exchange dynamics on and within leaf tissue between Xcc and other Xanthomonas species are needed as similar gene clusters showed variable copper sensitivity profiles. This work will serve as a baseline for copper resistance gene characterisation in Trinidad and the wider Caribbean region and can be used to boost already lacking resistant phytopathogen management in the region.
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Lu L, Choi SR, Lim YP, Kang SY, Yi SY. A GBS-based genetic linkage map and quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with resistance to Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris race 1 identified in Brassica oleracea. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1205681. [PMID: 37384357 PMCID: PMC10293835 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1205681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
The production of Brassica oleracea, an important vegetable crop, is severely affected by black rot disease caused by the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. Resistance to race 1, the most virulent and widespread race in B. oleracea, is under quantitative control; therefore, identifying the genes and genetic markers associated with resistance is crucial for developing resistant cultivars. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of resistance in the F2 population developed by crossing the resistant parent BR155 with the susceptible parent SC31 was performed. Sequence GBS approach was used to develop a genetic linkage map. The map contained 7,940 single nucleotide polymorphism markers consisting of nine linkage groups spanning 675.64 cM with an average marker distance of 0.66 cM. The F2:3 population (N = 126) was evaluated for resistance to black rot disease in summer (2020), fall (2020), and spring (2021). QTL analysis, using a genetic map and phenotyping data, identified seven QTLs with LOD values between 2.10 and 4.27. The major QTL, qCaBR1, was an area of overlap between the two QTLs identified in the 2nd and 3rd trials located at C06. Among the genes located in the major QTL interval, 96 genes had annotation results, and eight were found to respond to biotic stimuli. We compared the expression patterns of eight candidate genes in susceptible (SC31) and resistant (BR155) lines using qRT-PCR and observed their early and transient increases or suppression in response to Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris inoculation. These results support the involvement of the eight candidate genes in black rot resistance. The findings of this study will contribute towards marker-assisted selection, additionally the functional analysis of candidate genes may elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying black rot resistance in B. oleracea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lu
- Institute of Agricultural Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Ryun Choi
- Institute of Agricultural Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Pyo Lim
- Molecular Genetics and Genomics Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Si-Yong Kang
- Department of Horticulture, College of Industrial Sciences, Kongju National University, Yesan, Republic of Korea
- Research Center of Crop Breeding for Omics and Artificial Intelligence, Kongju National University, Yesan, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Yi
- Institute of Agricultural Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Research Center of Crop Breeding for Omics and Artificial Intelligence, Kongju National University, Yesan, Republic of Korea
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25
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Netrusov AI, Liyaskina EV, Kurgaeva IV, Liyaskina AU, Yang G, Revin VV. Exopolysaccharides Producing Bacteria: A Review. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1541. [PMID: 37375041 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial exopolysaccharides (EPS) are essential natural biopolymers used in different areas including biomedicine, food, cosmetic, petroleum, and pharmaceuticals and also in environmental remediation. The interest in them is primarily due to their unique structure and properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, higher purity, hydrophilic nature, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-cancer, antibacterial, and immune-modulating and prebiotic activities. The present review summarizes the current research progress on bacterial EPSs including their properties, biological functions, and promising applications in the various fields of science, industry, medicine, and technology, as well as characteristics and the isolation sources of EPSs-producing bacterial strains. This review provides an overview of the latest advances in the study of such important industrial exopolysaccharides as xanthan, bacterial cellulose, and levan. Finally, current study limitations and future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander I Netrusov
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, High School of Economics, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena V Liyaskina
- Department of Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Bioengineering, National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University, 430005 Saransk, Russia
| | - Irina V Kurgaeva
- Department of Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Bioengineering, National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University, 430005 Saransk, Russia
| | - Alexandra U Liyaskina
- Institute of the World Ocean, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Viktor V Revin
- Department of Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Bioengineering, National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University, 430005 Saransk, Russia
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Fontana R, Caproni A, Sicurella M, Manfredini S, Baldisserotto A, Marconi P. Effects of Flavonoids and Phenols from Moringa oleifera Leaf Extracts on Biofilm Processes in Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1508. [PMID: 37050135 PMCID: PMC10096499 DOI: 10.3390/plants12071508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris is the causal agent of black rot in crucifers, a plant disease with significant economic impact. Xanthomonadaceae is a large family of Gram-negative bacteria that cause symptoms by blocking water flow in plants by invading the xylem. To accomplish this, the main mechanism the bacteria use to adapt to environmental changes and colonize tissues is biofilm formation. In recent years, growing interest in natural antimicrobial compounds has led to the study of different phytocomplexes derived from plants. In this work, Moringa oleifera was selected, as its leaves are rich in phenols, essential oils, and vitamins that exert antibacterial activity. X. campestris pv. campestris biofilm, one of its major virulence factors, was studied. Biofilm formation and removal were analyzed on abiotic and biotic surfaces with and without M. oleifera leaf extracts. The data from the analysis show that Moringa oleifera leaf extracts and single phenols were able to inhibit biofilm growth on abiotic surfaces, but the activity of the whole phytocomplex was significantly higher compared to that of individual phenols. The effect of Moringa oleifera extracts on cabbage leaves in vivo was also found to be very important, as scanning electron microscopy showed that treatment with the extracts led to clear unblocking of the xylem, implying many advantages for use in black rot control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Fontana
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Anna Caproni
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mariaconcetta Sicurella
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Prevention, University of Ferrara, 441211 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefano Manfredini
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Anna Baldisserotto
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Peggy Marconi
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Technopole of Ferrara, LTTA Laboratory for Advanced Therapies, Ferrara 44121, Italy
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Yin L, Wang X, Li Y, Liu Z, Mei Q, Chen Z. Uptake of the Plant Agriculture-Used Antibiotics Oxytetracycline and Streptomycin by Cherry Radish─Effect on Plant Microbiome and the Potential Health Risk. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:4561-4570. [PMID: 36945880 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c01052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics are used to control certain bacterial diseases in plant agriculture. Understanding antibiotic uptake by edible vegetables after application and associated risks on plant microbiome and human health is critical. In this study, oxytetracycline and streptomycin, the two most commonly used antibiotics in plant agriculture, were applied to cherry radish via continuous soil drenching to study their translocations into plant tissues, influence on radish microbiome, and the potential health risk to mice. The results demonstrated that oxytetracycline induced hormesis in radish plants and both antibiotics were translocated into the leaves, fruits, and roots of radishes from the soil, with significantly higher plant uptake of streptomycin than oxytetracycline. Interestingly, the proportion of culturable oxytetracycline or streptomycin-resistant bacteria in the antibiotic-accumulated radish tissues was significantly higher than that in the antibiotic-free radish tissues, although both bacterial and fungal communities in different radish tissues were not affected by the accumulated antibiotics, demonstrating that antibiotic application could enrich antibiotic resistance in the plant microbiome. Feeding mice with antibiotics-accumulated radish tissues did not show significant effects on the weight and blood glucose levels of mice. Overall, this study provides important insights into the risk of using antibiotics in plant agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichun Yin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xingshuo Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yangyang Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ziyin Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Qinyuan Mei
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zeyou Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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Pineda M, Barón M. Assessment of Black Rot in Oilseed Rape Grown under Climate Change Conditions Using Biochemical Methods and Computer Vision. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1322. [PMID: 36987010 PMCID: PMC10058869 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Global warming is a challenge for plants and pathogens, involving profound changes in the physiology of both contenders to adapt to the new environmental conditions and to succeed in their interaction. Studies have been conducted on the behavior of oilseed rape plants and two races (1 and 4) of the bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) and their interaction to anticipate our response in the possible future climate. Symptoms caused by both races of Xcc were very similar to each other under any climatic condition assayed, although the bacterial count from infected leaves differed for each race. Climate change caused an earlier onset of Xcc symptoms by at least 3 days, linked to oxidative stress and a change in pigment composition. Xcc infection aggravated the leaf senescence already induced by climate change. To identify Xcc-infected plants early under any climatic condition, four classifying algorithms were trained with parameters obtained from the images of green fluorescence, two vegetation indices and thermography recorded on Xcc-symptomless leaves. Classification accuracies were above 0.85 out of 1.0 in all cases, with k-nearest neighbor analysis and support vector machines performing best under the tested climatic conditions.
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Bai K, Xu X, Wang X, Li Y, Yu C, Jiang N, Li J, Luo L. Transcriptional profiling of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris in viable but nonculturable state. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:105. [PMID: 36894875 PMCID: PMC9999588 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09200-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) is an important seed-borne plant pathogenic bacteria that can cause a serious threat to cruciferous crops. Bacteria can enter into the viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state under stress conditions, and cause potential risks to agricultural production because the VBNC bacterial cells will evade culture-based detection. However, little is known about the mechanism of VBNC. Our previous study showed that Xcc could be induced into VBNC state by copper ion (Cu2+). RESULTS Here, RNA-seq was performed to explore the mechanism of VBNC state. The results indicated that expression profiling was changed dramatically in the different VBNC stages (0 d, 1 d, 2 d and 10 d). Moreover, metabolism related pathways were enriched according to COG, GO and KEGG analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The DEGs associated with cell motility were down-regulated, whereas pathogenicity related genes were up-regulated. This study revealed that the high expression of genes related to stress response could trigger the active cells to VBNC state, while the genes involved in transcription and translation category, as well as transport and metabolism category, were ascribed to maintaining the VBNC state. CONCLUSION This study summarized not only the related pathways that might trigger and maintain VBNC state, but also the expression profiling of genes in different survival state of bacteria under stress. It provided a new kind of gene expression profile and new ideas for studying VBNC state mechanism in X. campestris pv. campestris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaihong Bai
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Plant Pathology, Key Laboratory of Seed Disease Testing and Control, MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Xu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Key Laboratory of Seed Disease Testing and Control, MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xudong Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Key Laboratory of Seed Disease Testing and Control, MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, Key Laboratory of Seed Disease Testing and Control, MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengxuan Yu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Key Laboratory of Seed Disease Testing and Control, MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Jiang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Key Laboratory of Seed Disease Testing and Control, MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianqiang Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, Key Laboratory of Seed Disease Testing and Control, MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Laixin Luo
- Department of Plant Pathology, Key Laboratory of Seed Disease Testing and Control, MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
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Li R, Peng J, Liu Q, Chang Z, Huang Y, Tang J, Lu G. Xanthomonas campestris VemR enhances the transcription of the T3SS key regulator HrpX via physical interaction with HrpG. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2023; 24:232-247. [PMID: 36626275 PMCID: PMC9923393 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
VemR is a response regulator of the two-component signalling systems (TCSs). It consists solely of a receiver domain. Previous studies have shown that VemR plays an important role in influencing the production of exopolysaccharides and exoenzymes, cell motility, and virulence of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc). However, whether VemR is involved in the essential pathogenicity determinant type III secretion system (T3SS) is unclear. In this work, we found by transcriptome analysis that VemR modulates about 10% of Xcc genes, which are involved in various cellular processes including the T3SS. Further experiments revealed that VemR physically interacts with numerous proteins, including the TCS sensor kinases HpaS and RavA, and the TCS response regulator HrpG, which directly activates the transcription of HrpX, a key regulator controlling T3SS expression. It has been demonstrated previously that HpaS composes a TCS with HrpG or VemR to control the expression of T3SS or swimming motility, while RavA and VemR form a TCS to control the expression of flagellar genes. Mutation analysis and in vitro transcription assay revealed that phosphorylation might be essential for the function of VemR and phosphorylated VemR could significantly enhance the activation of hrpX transcription by HrpG. We infer that the binding of VemR to HrpG can modulate the activity of HrpG to the hrpX promoter, thereby enhancing hrpX transcription. Although further studies are required to validate this inference and explore the detailed functional mechanism of VemR, our findings provide some insights into the complex regulatory cascade of the HpaS/RavA-VemR/HrpG-HrpX signal transduction system in the control of T3SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui‐Fang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐BioresourcesCollege of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi UniversityNanningChina
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Crop Diseases and Insect PestsPlant Protection Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanningChina
| | - Jian‐Ling Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐BioresourcesCollege of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi UniversityNanningChina
| | - Qian‐Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐BioresourcesCollege of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi UniversityNanningChina
| | - Zheng Chang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐BioresourcesCollege of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi UniversityNanningChina
| | - Yi‐Xin Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐BioresourcesCollege of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi UniversityNanningChina
| | - Ji‐Liang Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐BioresourcesCollege of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi UniversityNanningChina
| | - Guang‐Tao Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐BioresourcesCollege of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi UniversityNanningChina
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Yu YH, Chen C, Ma JR, Zhang YY, Yan MF, Zhang WB, Hu Z, Wang HH, Ma JC. The FabA-FabB Pathway Is Not Essential for Unsaturated Fatty Acid Synthesis but Modulates Diffusible Signal Factor Synthesis in Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2023; 36:119-130. [PMID: 36515967 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-09-22-0182-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Most bacteria use type II fatty acid synthesis (FAS) systems for synthesizing fatty acids, of which the conserved FabA-FabB pathway is considered to be crucial for unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) synthesis in gram-negative bacteria. Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, the phytopathogen of black rot disease in crucifers, produces higher quantities of UFAs under low-temperature conditions for increasing membrane fluidity. The fabA and fabB genes were identified in the X. campestris pv. campestris genome by BLAST analysis; however, the growth of the X. campestris pv. campestris fabA and fabB deletion mutants was comparable to that of the wild-type strain in nutrient and minimal media. The X. campestris pv. campestris ΔfabA and ΔfabB strains produced large quantities of UFAs and, altogether, these results indicated that the FabA-FabB pathway is not essential for growth or UFA synthesis in X. campestris pv. campestris. We also observed that the expression of X. campestris pv. campestris fabA and fabB restored the growth of the temperature-sensitive Escherichia coli fabA and fabB mutants CL104 and CY242, respectively, under non-permissive conditions. The in-vitro assays demonstrated that the FabA and FabB proteins of X. campestris pv. campestris catalyzed FAS. Our study also demonstrated that the production of diffusible signal factor family signals that mediate quorum sensing was higher in the X. campestris pv. campestris ΔfabA and ΔfabB strains and greatly reduced in the complementary strains, which exhibited reduced swimming motility and attenuated host-plant pathogenicity. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Hong Yu
- Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510520, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Jian-Rong Ma
- Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510520, China
| | - Yuan-Yin Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Ming-Feng Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Wen-Bin Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Zhe Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Hai-Hong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Jin-Cheng Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
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Balázs D, Marik T, Szekeres A, Vágvölgyi C, Kredics L, Tyagi C. Structure-activity correlations for peptaibols obtained from clade Longibrachiatum of Trichoderma: A combined experimental and computational approach. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:1860-1873. [PMID: 36915379 PMCID: PMC10006723 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrated disease management and plant protection have been discussed with much fervor in the past decade due to the rising environmental concerns of using industrially produced pesticides. Members of the genus Trichoderma are a subject of considerable research today due to their several properties as biocontrol agents. In our study, the peptaibol production of Trichoderma longibrachiatum SZMC 1775, T. longibrachiatum f. bissettii SZMC 12546, T. reesei SZMC 22616, T. reesei SZMC 22614, T. saturnisporum SZMC 22606 and T. effusum SZMC 22611 were investigated to elucidate structure-activity relationships (SARs) between the properties of peptaibols and their 3D structures. The effects of peptaibol mixtures obtained from every Trichoderma strain were examined against nine commonly known bacteria. The lowest minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC, mg ml-1) were exerted by T. longibrachiatum f. bissettii SZMC 12546 against Gram-positive bacteria, which was also able to inhibit the plant pathogenic Gram-negative Rhizobium radiobacter. Accelerated molecular dynamics (aMD) simulations were performed in aqueous solvent to explore the folding dynamics of 12 selected peptaibol sequences. The most characteristic difference between the peptaibols from group A and B relies in the 'Gly-Leu-Aib-Pro' and 'Gly-Aib-Aib-Pro' motifs ('Aib' stands for α-aminoisobutyric acid), which imparted a significant effect on the folding dynamics in water and might be correlated with their expressed bioactivity. In our aMD simulation experiments, Group A peptaibols showed more restricted folding dynamics with well-folded helical conformations as the most stable representative structures. This structural stability and dynamics may contribute to their bioactivity against the selected bacterial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dóra Balázs
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás Marik
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - András Szekeres
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Csaba Vágvölgyi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Kredics
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Chetna Tyagi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
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Holtappels D, Fortuna KJ, Vallino M, Lavigne R, Wagemans J. Isolation, characterization and genome analysis of an orphan phage FoX4 of the new Foxquatrovirus genus. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:304. [PMID: 36513996 PMCID: PMC9746216 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02719-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing interest in the therapeutic application of bacteriophages leads to a drastic increase in the number of sequenced genomes. Luckily, recent insights in phage taxonomy facilitate the classification of phages in a comprehensive and data-driven manner as recently proposed by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. In this research, we present the taxonomical classification of a novel, narrow host range Xanthomonas phage FoX4, isolated from a Brussels sprouts field in Belgium infested with Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. The phage has a limited ability to lyse a bacterial culture, yet adsorbs efficiently to its host. Based on its genome sequence and low similarity to previously described phages, the phage comprises the novel phage genus Foxquatrovirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Holtappels
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - K. J. Fortuna
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - M. Vallino
- grid.5326.20000 0001 1940 4177Institute of Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy, Turin, Italy
| | - R. Lavigne
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - J. Wagemans
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Liu Z, Wang H, Wang J, Lv J, Xie B, Luo S, Wang S, Zhang B, Li Z, Yue Z, Yu J. Physical, chemical, and biological control of black rot of brassicaceae vegetables: A review. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1023826. [PMID: 36504826 PMCID: PMC9726911 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1023826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of the important sources of human nutrition, Brassicaceae vegetables are widely grown worldwide. Black rot caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) seriously affects the quality and yield of Brassicaceae vegetables. Therefore, it is important to study control methods of Xcc for Brassicaceae vegetable production. This paper reviews the physical, chemical, and biological control methods of Xcc in Brassicaceae vegetables developed in recent years, and the underlying mechanisms of control methods are also discussed. Based on our current knowledge, future research directions for Xcc control are also proposed. This review also provides a reference basis for the control of Xcc in the field cultivation of Brassicaceae vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeci Liu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huiping Wang
- Institute of Biology, Gansu Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jie Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jian Lv
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bojie Xie
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shilei Luo
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shuya Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhaozhuang Li
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhibin Yue
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jihua Yu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou, China,*Correspondence: Jihua Yu,
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Genetic Diversity Analysis Reveals Potential of the Green Peach Aphid ( Myzus persicae) Resistance in Ethiopian Mustard. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213736. [PMID: 36430212 PMCID: PMC9699141 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Brassica carinata (BBCC, 2n = 34) is commonly known as Ethiopian mustard, Abyssinian mustard, or carinata. Its excellent agronomic traits, including resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, make it a potential genetic donor for interspecific hybridization. Myzus persicae (green peach aphid, GPA) is one of the most harmful pests of Brassica crops, significantly effecting the yield and quality. However, few aphid-resistant Brassica crop germplasms have been utilized in breeding practices, while the underlying biochemical basis of aphid resistance still remains poorly understood. In this study, we examined the genetic diversity of 75 B. carinata accessions and some plant characteristics that potentially contribute to GPA resistance. Initially, the morphological characterization showed abundant diversity in the phenotypic traits, with the dendrogram indicating that the genetic variation of the 75 accessions ranged from 0.66 to 0.98. A population structure analysis revealed that these accessions could be grouped into two main subpopulations and one admixed group, with the majority of accessions (86.67%) clustering in one subpopulation. Subsequently, there were three GPA-resistant B. carinata accessions, BC13, BC47, and BC51. The electrical penetration graph (EPG) assay detected resistance factors in the leaf mesophyll tissue and xylem. The result demonstrated that the Ethiopian mustard accessions were susceptible when the phloem probing time, the first probe time, and the G-wave time were 20.51-32.51 min, 26.36-55.54 s, and 36.18-47.84 min, respectively. In contrast, resistance of the Ethiopian mustard accessions was observed with the phloem probing time, the first probe time, and G-wave time of 41.18-70.78 min, 181.07-365.85 s, and 18.03-26.37 min, respectively. In addition, the epidermal characters, leaf anatomical structure, glucosinolate composition, defense-related enzyme activities, and callose deposition were compared between the resistant and susceptible accessions. GPA-resistant accessions had denser longitudinal leaf structure, higher wax content on the leaf surface, higher indole glucosinolate level, increased polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, and faster callose deposition than the susceptible accessions. This study validates that inherent physical and chemical barriers are evidently crucial factors in the resistance against GPA infestation. This study not only provide new insights into the biochemical basis of GPA resistance but also highlights the GPA-resistant B. carinata germplasm resources for the future accurate genetic improvement of Brassica crops.
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Design, synthesis and evaluation of new alkylated pyrimidine derivatives as antibacterial agents. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Hakalová E, Čechová J, Tekielska DA, Eichmeier A, Pothier JF. Combined effect of thyme and clove phenolic compounds on Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris and biocontrol of black rot disease on cabbage seeds. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1007988. [PMID: 36386705 PMCID: PMC9650141 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1007988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The seed-borne bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) as a causal organism of black rot disease remains the most serious bacterial problem of agricultural production of cruciferous plants worldwide. The eradication of a primary inoculum originating in seeds is available, but no treatment is totally effective. With the threat of developing chemical resistance and increasing pressure for sustainable disease management, biocontrol methods represent one of the main strategies currently applied in agriculture. Natural antimicrobials, including essential oils, are promising tools in disease management with low risks of environmental pollution and impact on human health. Thyme and clove essential oils were demonstrated to be highly effective in Xanthomonas studies in vitro; therefore, their application in black rot control was evaluated in this study. From five phenolic substances originating from thyme and clove essential oils (carvacrol, eugenol, linalool, p-cymene and thymol), the most promising in vitro results were observed with carvacrol, for which 0.0195% led to the death of all Xcc cells in 30 min. Moreover, a synergistic antibacterial effect of carvacrol and thymol solutions decreased the minimal inhibition concentration to 0.0049% and 0.0195% for carvacrol and thymol, respectively. Using the quadruple bactericidal values, the complete elimination of Xcc from the surface of infested cabbage seeds was obtained for both carvacrol and thymol solutions and their combined mixture at 2 MIC value. The elimination of bacterial infection from germinated cabbage plants was observed for both plate counting and quantitative real-time PCR methods. We also evaluated the effect of the application of phenolic treatment on the seed germination and germinated plants. Our results suggest a high potential of the application of carvacrol and thymol in vegetable seed production, specifically for cabbage, thus representing a suitable alternative to cupric derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliška Hakalová
- Mendeleum – Institute of Genetics, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Eliška Hakalová,
| | - Jana Čechová
- Mendeleum – Institute of Genetics, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | | | - Ales Eichmeier
- Mendeleum – Institute of Genetics, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Joël F. Pothier
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Research Group, Institute of Natural Resource Sciences, Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), Wädenswil, Switzerland
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Luneau JS, Baudin M, Quiroz Monnens T, Carrère S, Bouchez O, Jardinaud M, Gris C, François J, Ray J, Torralba B, Arlat M, Lewis JD, Lauber E, Deutschbauer AM, Noël LD, Boulanger A. Genome-wide identification of fitness determinants in the Xanthomonas campestris bacterial pathogen during early stages of plant infection. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:235-248. [PMID: 35706385 PMCID: PMC9543026 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Plant diseases are an important threat to food production. While major pathogenicity determinants required for disease have been extensively studied, less is known on how pathogens thrive during host colonization, especially at early infection stages. Here, we used randomly barcoded-transposon insertion site sequencing (RB-TnSeq) to perform a genome-wide screen and identify key bacterial fitness determinants of the vascular pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv campestris (Xcc) during infection of the cauliflower host plant (Brassica oleracea). This high-throughput analysis was conducted in hydathodes, the natural entry site of Xcc, in xylem sap and in synthetic media. Xcc did not face a strong bottleneck during hydathode infection. In total, 181 genes important for fitness were identified in plant-associated environments with functional enrichment in genes involved in metabolism but only few genes previously known to be involved in virulence. The biological relevance of 12 genes was independently confirmed by phenotyping single mutants. Notably, we show that XC_3388, a protein with no known function (DUF1631), plays a key role in the adaptation and virulence of Xcc possibly through c-di-GMP-mediated regulation. This study revealed yet unsuspected social behaviors adopted by Xcc individuals when confined inside hydathodes at early infection stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien S. Luneau
- LIPME, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRSUniversité Paul Sabatier31320Castanet‐TolosanFrance
| | - Maël Baudin
- Plant Gene Expression Center, USDAAlbanyCA94710USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94720USA
| | - Thomas Quiroz Monnens
- LIPME, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRSUniversité Paul Sabatier31320Castanet‐TolosanFrance
| | - Sébastien Carrère
- LIPME, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRSUniversité Paul Sabatier31320Castanet‐TolosanFrance
| | - Olivier Bouchez
- Genotoul Genome & Transcriptome (GeT‐PlaGe), INRAE31320Castanet‐TolosanFrance
| | | | - Carine Gris
- LIPME, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRSUniversité Paul Sabatier31320Castanet‐TolosanFrance
| | - Jonas François
- LIPME, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRSUniversité Paul Sabatier31320Castanet‐TolosanFrance
| | - Jayashree Ray
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology DivisionLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720USA
| | - Babil Torralba
- LIPME, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRSUniversité Paul Sabatier31320Castanet‐TolosanFrance
| | - Matthieu Arlat
- LIPME, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRSUniversité Paul Sabatier31320Castanet‐TolosanFrance
| | - Jennifer D. Lewis
- Plant Gene Expression Center, USDAAlbanyCA94710USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94720USA
| | - Emmanuelle Lauber
- LIPME, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRSUniversité Paul Sabatier31320Castanet‐TolosanFrance
| | - Adam M. Deutschbauer
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94720USA
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology DivisionLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720USA
| | - Laurent D. Noël
- LIPME, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRSUniversité Paul Sabatier31320Castanet‐TolosanFrance
| | - Alice Boulanger
- LIPME, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRSUniversité Paul Sabatier31320Castanet‐TolosanFrance
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Yang L, Zhao C, Bai Z, Yang L, Schranz ME, Liu S, Bouwmeester K. Comparative transcriptome analysis of compatible and incompatible Brassica napus- Xanthomonas campestris interactions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:960874. [PMID: 36105711 PMCID: PMC9465390 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.960874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Black rot caused by the vascular pathogenic bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) is widespread in Brassicaceae plants and an infectious disease that causes large yield losses in oil seed rape (Brassica napus L.). Improvement of resistance through breeding is a crucial strategy to prevent black rot disease in B. napus, but presently hampered by insufficient understanding of Xcc-Brassica interactions. This study compares two EMS-mutagenized B. napus lines that show contrasting resistance levels to their susceptible progenitor. Patterns of differential gene expression between these B. napus lines were evaluated at three time points post inoculation by comparative RNA-seq analysis. In line with the observed disease phenotypes, the susceptible line ZS9mXccS-1 displayed a steady amount of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at different time points of infection, whereas the resistant line ZS9mXccR-1 displayed a gradual increase in DEGs throughout the course of infection. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) pinpointed multiple defense-related hub genes with potential central roles in immunity, including the cell surface receptor genes CRK11 and BIR1, and the associated downstream regulatory genes WRKY11 and PBL30. KEGG analysis of DEGs belonging to two distinct co-expression modules revealed enriched pathways associated with defense, including Ca2+-signaling, receptor-mediated immunity, and phytohormone balance. Taken together, our comparative transcriptome analysis provides new avenues to unravel the mechanisms underlying black rot resistance in B. napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuanji Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zetao Bai
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingli Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - M. Eric Schranz
- Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Shengyi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Klaas Bouwmeester
- Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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40
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Michalopoulou VA, Mermigka G, Kotsaridis K, Mentzelopoulou A, Celie PHN, Moschou PN, Jones JDG, Sarris PF. The host exocyst complex is targeted by a conserved bacterial type-III effector that promotes virulence. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:3400-3424. [PMID: 35640532 PMCID: PMC9421483 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
For most Gram-negative bacteria, pathogenicity largely depends on the type-III secretion system that delivers virulence effectors into eukaryotic host cells. The subcellular targets for the majority of these effectors remain unknown. Xanthomonas campestris, the causal agent of black rot disease of crucifers such as Brassica spp., radish, and turnip, delivers XopP, a highly conserved core-effector protein produced by X. campestris, which is essential for virulence. Here, we show that XopP inhibits the function of the host-plant exocyst complex by direct targeting of Exo70B, a subunit of the exocyst complex, which plays a significant role in plant immunity. XopP interferes with exocyst-dependent exocytosis and can do this without activating a plant NOD-like receptor that guards Exo70B in Arabidopsis. In this way, Xanthomonas efficiently inhibits the host's pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity by blocking exocytosis of pathogenesis-related protein-1A, callose deposition, and localization of the FLAGELLIN SENSITIVE2 (FLS2) immune receptor to the plasma membrane, thus promoting successful infection. Inhibition of exocyst function without activating the related defenses represents an effective virulence strategy, indicating the ability of pathogens to adapt to host defenses by avoiding host immunity responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassiliki A Michalopoulou
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete 714 09, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Crete 70013, Greece
| | - Glykeria Mermigka
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Crete 70013, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Kotsaridis
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete 714 09, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Crete 70013, Greece
| | | | - Patrick H N Celie
- Division of Biochemistry, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Panagiotis N Moschou
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete 714 09, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Crete 70013, Greece
- Department of Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala S-75007, Sweden
| | | | - Panagiotis F Sarris
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete 714 09, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Crete 70013, Greece
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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41
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Wu J, Teng Q, Mao Y, Duan Y, Pan X, Xu S, Cai Y, Pan Y, Zhou M, Zhang Y. Cytochrome bc1 Complex: Potential Breach to Improve the Activity of Phenazines on Xanthomonas. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:10158-10169. [PMID: 35948060 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The effects of the natural pesticides, phenazines, were reported to be limited by some tolerant metabolism processes within Xanthomonas. Our previous studies suggested that the functional cytochrome bc1 complex, the indispensable component of the respiration chain, might participate in tolerating phenazines in Xanthomonas. In this study, the cytochrome bc1 mutants of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), which exhibit different tolerance abilities to phenazines, were constructed, and the cytochrome bc1 complex was proven to partake a critical and conserved role in tolerating phenazines in Xanthomonas. In addition, results of the cytochrome c mutants suggested the different functions of the various cytochrome c proteins in Xanthomonas and that the electron channeled by the cytochrome bc1 complex to cytochrome C4 is the key to reveal the tolerance mechanism. In conclusion, the study of the cytochrome bc1 complex provides a potential strategy to improve the activity of phenazines against Xanthomonas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wu
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro Product Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230001, China
- College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qingzhu Teng
- College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yushuai Mao
- College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yabing Duan
- College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiayan Pan
- College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shu Xu
- College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yiqiang Cai
- College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yuemin Pan
- College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Mingguo Zhou
- College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro Product Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230001, China
- College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
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42
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Hazarika A, Yadav M, Yadav DK, Yadav HS. An overview of the role of nanoparticles in sustainable agriculture. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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43
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Yin X, Qian W. Sword in the woods: How plant hosts defend against vascular pathogens. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 64:1465-1468. [PMID: 35766351 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This Commentary discusses two recent papers exploring how plants combat infection by vascular pathogens via modulating lignin production and via MAP kinase signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institution of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Wei Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institution of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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44
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Genome Sequences of 17 Strains from Eight Races of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. Microbiol Resour Announc 2022; 11:e0027922. [PMID: 35695496 PMCID: PMC9302143 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00279-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Xanthomonas campestris
pv. campestris is a group of phytopathogenic bacteria causing black rot disease on Brassicaceae crops. Here, we report on draft genome sequences of 17 strains representing eight of nine known races of this pathogen, including the pathotype strain CFBP 6865.
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45
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Luneau JS, Noël LD, Lauber E, Boulanger A. A β-glucuronidase (GUS) Based Bacterial Competition Assay to Assess Fine Differencesin Fitness during Plant Infection. Bio Protoc 2022; 12:e3776. [PMID: 35991161 PMCID: PMC9382408 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Competition assays are a simple phenotyping strategy that confront two bacterial strains to evaluate their relative fitness. Because they are more accurate than single-strain growth assays, competition assays can be used to highlight slight differences that would not otherwise be detectable. In the frame of host-pathogens interactions, they can be very useful to study the contribution of individual bacterial genes to bacterial fitness and lead to the identification of new adaptive traits. Here, we describe how to perform such competition assays by taking the example of the model phytopathogenic bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris during infection of the mesophyll of its cauliflower host. This phenotypic assay is based on the use of a Competitive Index (CI) that compares the relative abundance of co-inoculated strains before and after inoculation. Since multiplication is a direct proxy for bacterial fitness, the evolution of the ratio between both strains in the mixed population is a direct way to assess differences in fitness in a given environment. In this protocol, we exploit the blue staining of GUS-expressing bacteria to count blue vs. white colonies on plates and estimate the competitiveness of the strains of interest in plant mesophyll.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien S. Luneau
- Laboratory of Plant-Microbes Interactions, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, UPS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Laurent D. Noël
- Laboratory of Plant-Microbes Interactions, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, UPS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Emmanuelle Lauber
- Laboratory of Plant-Microbes Interactions, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, UPS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Alice Boulanger
- Laboratory of Plant-Microbes Interactions, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, UPS, Castanet-Tolosan, France,
*For correspondence:
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46
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Inturrisi F, Bayer PE, Cantila AY, Tirnaz S, Edwards D, Batley J. In silico integration of disease resistance QTL, genes and markers with the Brassica juncea physical map. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2022; 42:37. [PMID: 37309382 PMCID: PMC10248627 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-022-01309-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Brassica juncea (AABB), Indian mustard, is a source of disease resistance genes for a wide range of pathogens. The availability of reference genome sequences for B. juncea has made it possible to characterise the genomic structure and distribution of these disease resistance genes. Potentially functional disease resistance genes can be identified by co-localization with genetically mapped disease resistance quantitative trait loci (QTL). Here we identify and characterise disease resistance gene analogs (RGAs), including nucleotide-binding site-leucine-rich repeat (NLR), receptor-like kinase (RLK) and receptor-like protein (RLP) classes, and investigate their association with disease resistance QTL intervals. The molecular genetic marker sequences for four white rust (Albugo candida) disease resistance QTL, six blackleg (Leptosphaeria maculans) disease resistance QTL and BjCHI1, a gene cloned from B. juncea for hypocotyl rot disease, were extracted from previously published studies and used to compare with candidate RGAs. Our results highlight the complications for the identification of functional resistance genes, including the duplicated appearance of genetic markers for several resistance loci, including Ac2(t), AcB1-A4.1, AcB1-A5.1, Rlm6 and PhR2 in both the A and B genomes, due to the presence of homoeologous regions. Furthermore, the white rust loci, Ac2(t) and AcB1-A4.1, mapped to the same position on chromosome A04 and may be different alleles of the same gene. Despite these challenges, a total of nine candidate genomic regions hosting 14 RLPs, 28 NLRs and 115 RLKs were identified. This study facilitates the mapping and cloning of functional resistance genes for applications in crop improvement programs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-022-01309-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Inturrisi
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Philipp E. Bayer
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Aldrin Y. Cantila
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Soodeh Tirnaz
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA Australia
| | - David Edwards
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Jacqueline Batley
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA Australia
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47
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Erdrich SH, Sharma V, Schurr U, Arsova B, Frunzke J. Isolation of Novel Xanthomonas Phages Infecting the Plant Pathogens X. translucens and X. campestris. Viruses 2022; 14:v14071449. [PMID: 35891434 PMCID: PMC9316219 DOI: 10.3390/v14071449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus of Xanthomonas contains many well-known plant pathogens with the ability to infect some of the most important crop plants, thereby causing significant economic damage. Unfortunately, classical pest-control strategies are neither particularly efficient nor sustainable and we are, therefore, in demand of alternatives. Here, we present the isolation and characterization of seven novel phages infecting the plant-pathogenic species Xanthomonas translucens and Xanthomonas campestris. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that all phages show a siphovirion morphology. The analysis of genome sequences and plaque morphologies are in agreement with a lytic lifestyle of the phages making them suitable candidates for biocontrol. Moreover, three of the isolated phages form the new genus “Shirevirus”. All seven phages belong to four distinct clusters underpinning their phylogenetic diversity. Altogether, this study presents the first characterized isolates for the plant pathogen X. translucens and expands the number of available phages for plant biocontrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian H. Erdrich
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Department for Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany; (S.H.E.); (U.S.); (B.A.)
| | - Vikas Sharma
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Department for Biotechnology (IBG-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany;
| | - Ulrich Schurr
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Department for Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany; (S.H.E.); (U.S.); (B.A.)
| | - Borjana Arsova
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Department for Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany; (S.H.E.); (U.S.); (B.A.)
| | - Julia Frunzke
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Department for Biotechnology (IBG-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-2461-615430
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48
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López MF, Dahl M, Escobar FV, Bonomi HR, Kraskov A, Michael N, Mroginski MA, Scheerer P, Hildebrandt P. Photoinduced reaction mechanisms in prototypical and bathy phytochromes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:11967-11978. [PMID: 35527718 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00020b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Phytochromes, found in plants, fungi, and bacteria, exploit light as a source of information to control physiological processes via photoswitching between two states of different physiological activity, i.e. a red-absorbing Pr and a far-red-absorbing Pfr state. Depending on the relative stability in the dark, bacterial phytochromes are divided into prototypical and bathy phytochromes, where the stable state is Pr and Pfr, respectively. In this work we studied representatives of these groups (prototypical Agp1 and bathy Agp2 from Agrobacterium fabrum) together with the bathy-like phytochrome XccBphP from Xanthomonas campestris by resonance Raman and IR difference spectroscopy. In all three phytochromes, the photoinduced conversions display the same mechanistic pattern as reflected by the chromophore structures in the various intermediate states. We also observed in each case the secondary structure transition of the tongue, which is presumably crucial for the function of phytochrome. The three phytochromes differ in details of the chromophore conformation in the various intermediates and the energetic barrier of their respective decay reactions. The specific protein environment in the chromophore pocket, which is most likely the origin for these small differences, also controls the proton transfer processes concomitant to the photoconversions. These proton translocations, which are tightly coupled to the structural transition of the tongue, presumably proceed via the same mechanism along the Pr → Pfr conversion whereas the reverse Pfr → Pr photoconversion includes different proton transfer pathways. Finally, classification of phytochromes in prototypical and bathy (or bathy-like) phytochromes is discussed in terms of molecular structure and mechanistic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Fernández López
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Sekr. PC14, Straße des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Margarethe Dahl
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Sekr. PC14, Straße des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Francisco Velázquez Escobar
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Sekr. PC14, Straße des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Hernán Ruy Bonomi
- Leloir Institute Foundation, IIBBA-CONICET, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435 (C1405BWE), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Anastasia Kraskov
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Sekr. PC14, Straße des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Norbert Michael
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Sekr. PC14, Straße des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Maria Andrea Mroginski
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Sekr. PC14, Straße des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Patrick Scheerer
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Group Protein X-ray Crystallography and Signal Transduction, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Hildebrandt
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Sekr. PC14, Straße des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany.
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Li R, Ren P, Liu Q, Yao J, Wu L, Zhu G, Xian X, Tang J, Lu G. McvR, a single domain response regulator regulates motility and virulence in the plant pathogen Xanthomonas campestris. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2022; 23:649-663. [PMID: 35152521 PMCID: PMC8995066 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Signal transduction pathways mediated by sensor histidine kinases and cognate response regulators control a variety of physiological processes in response to environmental conditions in most bacteria. Comparatively little is known about the mechanism(s) by which single-domain response regulators (SD-RRs), which lack a dedicated output domain but harbour a phosphoryl receiver domain, exert their various regulatory effects in bacteria. Here we have examined the role of the SD-RR proteins encoded by the phytopathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc). We describe the identification and characterization of a SD-RR protein named McvR (motility, chemotaxis, and virulence-related response regulator) that is required for virulence and motility regulation in Xcc. Deletion of the mcvR open reading frame caused reduced motility, chemotactic movement, and virulence in Xcc. Global transcriptome analyses revealed the McvR had a broad regulatory role and that most motility and pathogenicity genes were down-regulated in the mcvR mutant. Bacterial two-hybrid and protein pull-down assays revealed that McvR did not physically interact with components of the bacterial flagellum but interacts with other SD-RR proteins (like CheY) and the subset of DNA-binding proteins involved in gene regulation. Site-directed mutagenesis and phosphor-transfer experiments revealed that the aspartyl residue at position 55 of the receiver domain is important for phosphorylation and the regulatory activity of McvR protein. Taken together, the findings describe a previously unrecognized class of SD-RR protein that contributes to the regulation of motility and virulence in Xcc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui‐Fang Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Crop Diseases and Insect PestsPlant Protection Research InstituteGuangxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanningChina
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresourcesCollege of Life Science and TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanningChina
| | - Pei‐Dong Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresourcesCollege of Life Science and TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanningChina
| | - Qian‐Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresourcesCollege of Life Science and TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanningChina
| | - Jia‐Li Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresourcesCollege of Life Science and TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanningChina
| | - Liu Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresourcesCollege of Life Science and TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanningChina
| | - Gui‐Ning Zhu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Crop Diseases and Insect PestsPlant Protection Research InstituteGuangxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanningChina
| | - Xiao‐Yong Xian
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Crop Diseases and Insect PestsPlant Protection Research InstituteGuangxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanningChina
| | - Ji‐Liang Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresourcesCollege of Life Science and TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanningChina
| | - Guang‐Tao Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresourcesCollege of Life Science and TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanningChina
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50
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Development of multiplex PCR assay for detection of Alternaria brassicae, A. brassicicola and Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris in crucifers. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:224. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-02846-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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