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Liu XL, Feng XL, Wang GM, Gong BB, Ahmad W, Liu NN, Zhang YY, Yang L, Ren HL, Cui SS. Exploration of the Main Sites for the Transformation of Normal Prion Protein (PrP C) into Pathogenic Prion Protein (PrP sc). J Vet Res 2017; 61:11-22. [PMID: 29978050 PMCID: PMC5894410 DOI: 10.1515/jvetres-2017-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The functions and mechanisms of prion proteins (PrPC) are currently unknown, but most experts believe that deformed or pathogenic prion proteins (PrPSc) originate from PrPC, and that there may be plural main sites for the conversion of normal PrPC into PrPSc. In order to better understand the mechanism of PrPC transformation to PrPSc, the most important step is to determine the replacement or substitution site. Material and Methods BALB/c mice were challenged with prion RML strain and from 90 days post-challenge (dpc) mice were sacrificed weekly until all of them had been at 160 dpc. The ultra-structure and pathological changes of the brain of experimental mice were observed and recorded by transmission electron microscopy. Results There were a large number of pathogen-like particles aggregated in the myelin sheath of the brain nerves, followed by delamination, hyperplasia, swelling, disintegration, phagocytic vacuolation, and other pathological lesions in the myelin sheath. The aggregated particles did not overflow from the myelin in unstained samples. The phenomenon of particle aggregation persisted all through the disease course, and was the earliest observed pathological change. Conclusion It was deduced that the myelin sheath and lipid rafts in brain nerves, including axons and dendrites, were the main sites for the conversion of PrPC to PrPSc, and the PrPSc should be formed directly by the conversion of protein conformation without the involvement of nucleic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Lin Liu
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education/Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Xiao-Li Feng
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education/Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.,Biological safety protection third-level laboratory, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Guang-Ming Wang
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education/Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Bin-Bin Gong
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education/Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Waqas Ahmad
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education/Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.,Section of Epidemiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang 35200, Pakistan
| | - Nan-Nan Liu
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education/Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhang
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education/Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Li Yang
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education/Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Hong-Lin Ren
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education/Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Shu-Sen Cui
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education/Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
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Vernerova K, Tothova L, Mikova A, Vodrazka P, Simek B, Hanusova L, Citek J. BSE-associated polymorphisms in the prion protein gene: an investigation. J Anim Breed Genet 2014; 131:403-8. [DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Vernerova
- Faculty of Agriculture; University of South Bohemia; Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
| | - L. Tothova
- Faculty of Agriculture; University of South Bohemia; Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
| | - A. Mikova
- Faculty of Agriculture; University of South Bohemia; Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
| | - P. Vodrazka
- State Veterinary Institute Jihlava; Jihlava Czech Republic
| | - B. Simek
- State Veterinary Institute Jihlava; Jihlava Czech Republic
| | - L. Hanusova
- Faculty of Agriculture; University of South Bohemia; Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
| | - J. Citek
- Faculty of Agriculture; University of South Bohemia; Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
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Msalya G, Shimogiri T, Okamoto S, Kawabe K, Maeda Y. Short Communication: The double deletion diplotype showed low levels of prion protein at two indel loci of PRNP in the medulla oblongata of Japanese Brown cattle. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2012. [DOI: 10.4141/cjas2011-116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Msalya, G., Shimogiri, T., Okamoto, S., Kawabe, K. and Maeda, Y. 2012. Short Communication: The double deletion diplotype showed low levels of prion protein at two indel loci of PRNP in the medulla oblongata of Japanese Brown cattle. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 92: 153–157. Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are a class of fatal neurodegenerative diseases caused by abnormally folded prion proteins (PrP). The PrP is necessary for the transmission and propagation of TSE diseases. In this study, PrP was quantified in the medulla oblongata of 39 Japanese Brown (JBr) animals that were genotyped for two indels in the PRNP gene – a 23 bp deletion in the promoter region and a 12 bp deletion in the first intron. The mean level of PrP was greater in the ++/++ diplotype than in −−/−− and +−/+− diplotypes, although the differences were not significant. These results suggest that the amount of PrP in the medulla oblongata of animals is related to these indels. However, given that there have been no reported cases of BSE in Japanese Brown animals, the relationship of the indels and PrP levels with the incidence of BSE is unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Msalya
- United Graduate School of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
- Present address: Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3004, SUA, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Takeshi Shimogiri
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Shin Okamoto
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Kotaro Kawabe
- Frontier Science Research Centre, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Yoshizane Maeda
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
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Simmons MM, Spiropoulos J, Webb PR, Spencer YI, Czub S, Mueller R, Davis A, Arnold ME, Marsh S, Hawkins SAC, Cooper JA, Konold T, Wells GAH. Experimental classical bovine spongiform encephalopathy: definition and progression of neural PrP immunolabeling in relation to diagnosis and disease controls. Vet Pathol 2010; 48:948-63. [PMID: 21078883 DOI: 10.1177/0300985810387072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tissues from sequential-kill time course studies of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) were examined to define PrP immunohistochemical labeling forms and map disease-specific labeling over the disease course after oral exposure to the BSE agent at two dose levels. Study was confined to brainstem, spinal cord, and certain peripheral nervous system ganglia-tissues implicated in pathogenesis and diagnosis or disease control strategies. Disease-specific labeling in the brainstem in 39 of 220 test animals showed the forms and patterns observed in natural disease and invariably preceded spongiform changes. A precise temporal pattern of increase in labeling was not apparent, but labeling was generally most widespread in clinical cases, and it always involved neuroanatomic locations in the medulla oblongata. In two cases, sparse labeling was confined to one or more neuroanatomic nuclei of the medulla oblongata. When involved, the spinal cord was affected at all levels, providing no indication of temporal spread within the cord axis or relative to the brainstem. Where minimal PrP labeling occurred in the thoracic spinal cord, it was consistent with initial involvement of general visceral efferent neurons. Labeling of ganglia involved only sensory ganglia and only when PrP was present in the brainstem and spinal cord. These experimental transmissions mimicked the neuropathologic findings in BSE-C field cases, independent of dose of agent or stage of disease. The model supports current diagnostic sampling approaches and control measures for the removal and destruction of nervous system tissues in slaughtered cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Simmons
- Department of Pathology, Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Addlestone, Surrey, UK.
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