1
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Manakhov AD, Aarakelyan NA, Lapteacru AV, Andreeva TV, Trapezov OV, Rogaev EI. Genomic analysis links the American mink Royal pastel coat phenotype to retroviral element type 1 insertion in the HPS3 gene. Anim Genet 2024. [PMID: 38956930 DOI: 10.1111/age.13461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
To date, only 10 of the more than 30 fur colours that had been observed in American mink (Neogale vison) have been linked to specific genes. The Royal pastel fur colour is part of a large family of brownish colours that are quite similar to one another, making breeding and selecting processes more difficult. Here we carried out whole-genome sequencing of five American minks with Royal pastel (b/b) phenotypes originating from two distinct mink populations. We identified an insertion of endogenous retroviral element type 1 (ERV1) into the first intron of the gene encoding the HPS3 protein, which regulates the trafficking of tyrosinase-containing vesicles to maturing melanosomes. With Cas9-targeted nanopore sequencing, we reconstructed the full-length sequence of the 11.7 Kb ERV1 insertion and observed hypermethylation that spread to the HPS3 gene promoter region. These findings highlight the role of HPS3 in the formation of melanosomes and melanin, as well as the genetic process regulating the intensity and spectrum of hair colour. Moreover, in mink breeding projects, these data are also useful for tracking economically important fur qualities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey D Manakhov
- Department of Genetics, Centre for Genetics and Life Science, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genomics, Department of Genomics and Human Genetics, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Center for Genetics and Genetic Technologies, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nelli A Aarakelyan
- Department of Genetics, Centre for Genetics and Life Science, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia
| | - Adela V Lapteacru
- Department of Genetics, Centre for Genetics and Life Science, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia
| | - Tatiana V Andreeva
- Department of Genetics, Centre for Genetics and Life Science, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genomics, Department of Genomics and Human Genetics, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Center for Genetics and Genetic Technologies, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg V Trapezov
- Department of Animals and Human Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Evgeny I Rogaev
- Department of Genetics, Centre for Genetics and Life Science, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia
- Department of Psychiatry, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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2
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Elkin J, Martin A, Courtier-Orgogozo V, Santos ME. Analysis of the genetic loci of pigment pattern evolution in vertebrates. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:1250-1277. [PMID: 37017088 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
Vertebrate pigmentation patterns are amongst the best characterised model systems for studying the genetic basis of adaptive evolution. The wealth of available data on the genetic basis for pigmentation evolution allows for analysis of trends and quantitative testing of evolutionary hypotheses. We employed Gephebase, a database of genetic variants associated with natural and domesticated trait variation, to examine trends in how cis-regulatory and coding mutations contribute to vertebrate pigmentation phenotypes, as well as factors that favour one mutation type over the other. We found that studies with lower ascertainment bias identified higher proportions of cis-regulatory mutations, and that cis-regulatory mutations were more common amongst animals harbouring a higher number of pigment cell classes. We classified pigmentation traits firstly according to their physiological basis and secondly according to whether they affect colour or pattern, and identified that carotenoid-based pigmentation and variation in pattern boundaries are preferentially associated with cis-regulatory change. We also classified genes according to their developmental, cellular, and molecular functions. We found a greater proportion of cis-regulatory mutations in genes implicated in upstream developmental processes compared to those involved in downstream cellular functions, and that ligands were associated with a higher proportion of cis-regulatory mutations than their respective receptors. Based on these trends, we discuss future directions for research in vertebrate pigmentation evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Elkin
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Arnaud Martin
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, 800 22nd St. NW, Suite 6000, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | | | - M Emília Santos
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
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3
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Zhang T, Li H, Larsen PF, Ba H, Shi H, Zhang H, Liu Z. The Genetic Diversity of Mink ( Neovison vison) Populations in China. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13091497. [PMID: 37174534 PMCID: PMC10177056 DOI: 10.3390/ani13091497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The American mink (Neovison vison) is a semiaquatic species of Mustelid native to North America that is now widespread in China. However, the knowledge of genetic diversity of mink in China is still limited. In this study, we investigated the genetic diversity and identified significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in mink populations of five different color types in three different mink farms in China. Using double-digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing, we identified a total of 1.3 million SNPs. After filtering the SNPs, phylogenetic tree, Fst, principal component, and population structure analyses were performed. The results demonstrated that red mink and black mink grouped, with separate clustering of all other color types. The population divergence index (Fst) study confirmed that different mink populations were distinct (K = 4). Two populations with different coat colors were subjected to the selection signature analysis, and 2300 genes were found to have a clear selection signature. The genes with a selection signature were subjected to Gene Ontology (GO) categorization and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis, the results revealed that the genes with a selection signature were enriched in the melanogenesis pathway. These study's findings have set the stage for improved breeding and conservation of genetic resources in real-world practical mink farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tietao Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Key Laboratory of Special Economic Animal Genetic Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Hu Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Key Laboratory of Special Economic Animal Genetic Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
- Colleges of Animal Science, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Peter Foged Larsen
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Key Laboratory of Special Economic Animal Genetic Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Hengxing Ba
- Institute of Antler Science and Product Technology, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Hongyu Shi
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Key Laboratory of Special Economic Animal Genetic Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
- Colleges of Animal Science, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Haihua Zhang
- Colleges of Animal Science, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Zongyue Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Key Laboratory of Special Economic Animal Genetic Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
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4
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Yu S, Wang G, Liao J, Shen X, Chen J. Integrated analysis of long non-coding RNAs and mRNA expression profiles identified potential interactions regulating melanogenesis in chicken skin. Br Poult Sci 2023; 64:19-25. [PMID: 35979716 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2022.2113506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
1. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in various physiological functions. However, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of lncRNAs in melanogenesis remain unclear. To determine the molecular mechanisms involved in skin melanogenesis, the present study depicted the expression profiles of lncRNAs and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) in black- (B group) and white- (W group) skinned chickens using RNA sequencing.2. In total, 373 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs; 203 up-regulated and 170 down-regulated) and 253 differentially expressed genes (DEGs; 152 up-regulated and 101 down-regulated) were identified between the B and W groups. A total of eight known melanogenesis-related genes were identified (KIT, TYRP1, DCT (TYRP2), SLC45A2, OCA2, EDNRB2, TRPM1 and RAB38).3. Functional annotation of the co-expressed DEGs and DELs was performed using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses. The co-expressed DEGs were mainly involved in melanogenesis and the co-expressed genes of 117 and 108 DELs were significantly enriched in the melanogenesis and tyrosine metabolism pathways, respectively.4. The DEL-DEG interaction network revealed that three lncRNAs (XR_003072387.1, XR_003075112.1, and XR_003077033.1) and DCT genes may have key roles in regulating melanogenesis in chicken skin. This data provides the groundwork for studying the lncRNA regulatory mechanisms of skin melanogenesis and suggested a new perspective on the modulation of melanogenesis in chicken skin based on a lncRNA-mRNA causal regulatory network.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yu
- Engineering Research Center of Sichuan Province Higher School of Local Chicken Breeds Industrialization in Southern Sichuan, College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, Leshan, Shizhong, China
| | - G Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Sichuan Province Higher School of Local Chicken Breeds Industrialization in Southern Sichuan, College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, Leshan, Shizhong, China
| | - J Liao
- Engineering Research Center of Sichuan Province Higher School of Local Chicken Breeds Industrialization in Southern Sichuan, College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, Leshan, Shizhong, China
| | - X Shen
- Engineering Research Center of Sichuan Province Higher School of Local Chicken Breeds Industrialization in Southern Sichuan, College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, Leshan, Shizhong, China
| | - J Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Sichuan Province Higher School of Local Chicken Breeds Industrialization in Southern Sichuan, College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, Leshan, Shizhong, China
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5
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Wang L, Zhou S, Liu G, Lyu T, Shi L, Dong Y, He S, Zhang H. The Mechanisms of Fur Development and Color Formation in American Mink Revealed Using Comparative Transcriptomics. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12223088. [PMID: 36428316 PMCID: PMC9686883 DOI: 10.3390/ani12223088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
American mink fur is an important economic product, but the molecular mechanisms underlying its color formation and fur development remain unclear. We used RNA-seq to analyze the skin transcriptomes of young and adult mink with two different hair colors. The mink comprised black adults (AB), white adults (AW), black juveniles (TB), and white juveniles (TW) (three each). Through pair comparison and cross-screening among different subgroups, we found that 13 KRTAP genes and five signaling pathways (the JAK-STAT signaling pathway (cfa04630), signaling pathways regulating pluripotency of stem cells (cfa04550), ECM-receptor interaction (cfa04512), focal adhesion (cfa04510), and the Ras signaling pathway (cfa04014)) were related to mink fur development. We also found that members of a tyrosinase family (TYR, TYRP1, and TYRP2) are involved in mink hair color formation. The expression levels of TYR were higher in young black mink than in young white mink, but this phenomenon was not observed in adult mink. Our study found significant differences in adult and juvenile mink skin transcriptomes, which may shed light on the mechanisms of mink fur development. At the same time, the skin transcriptomes of black and white mink also showed differences, with the results varying by age, suggesting that the genes regulating hair color are active in early development rather than in adulthood. The results of this study provide molecular support in breeding for mink coat color and improving fur quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidong Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Shengyang Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Guangshuai Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Tianshu Lyu
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Lupeng Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Yuehuan Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Shangbin He
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Honghai Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
- Correspondence:
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6
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Brown AR, Comai K, Mannino D, McCullough H, Donekal Y, Meyers HC, Graves CW, Seidel HS. A community-science approach identifies genetic variants associated with three color morphs in ball pythons (Python regius). PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276376. [PMID: 36260636 PMCID: PMC9581371 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Color morphs in ball pythons (Python regius) provide a unique and largely untapped resource for understanding the genetics of coloration in reptiles. Here we use a community-science approach to investigate the genetics of three color morphs affecting production of the pigment melanin. These morphs-Albino, Lavender Albino, and Ultramel-show a loss of melanin in the skin and eyes, ranging from severe (Albino) to moderate (Lavender Albino) to mild (Ultramel). To identify genetic variants causing each morph, we recruited shed skins of pet ball pythons via social media, extracted DNA from the skins, and searched for putative loss-of-function variants in homologs of genes controlling melanin production in other vertebrates. We report that the Albino morph is associated with missense and non-coding variants in the gene TYR. The Lavender Albino morph is associated with a deletion in the gene OCA2. The Ultramel morph is associated with a missense variant and a putative deletion in the gene TYRP1. Our study is one of the first to identify genetic variants associated with color morphs in ball pythons and shows that pet samples recruited from the community can provide a resource for genetic studies in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Autumn R. Brown
- Department of Biology, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI, United States of America
| | - Kaylee Comai
- Department of Biology, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI, United States of America
| | - Dominic Mannino
- Department of Biology, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI, United States of America
| | - Haily McCullough
- Department of Biology, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI, United States of America
| | - Yamini Donekal
- Department of Biology, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI, United States of America
| | - Hunter C. Meyers
- Department of Biology, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI, United States of America
| | - Chiron W. Graves
- Department of Biology, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CWG); (HSS)
| | - Hannah S. Seidel
- Department of Biology, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CWG); (HSS)
| | - The BIO306W Consortium
- Department of Biology, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI, United States of America
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7
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Manakhov AD, Mintseva MY, Uralsky LI, Andreeva TV, Trapezov OV, Rogaev EI. Identification of mutant gene for Black crystal coat and non-allelic gene interactions in Neogale vison. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10483. [PMID: 35729186 PMCID: PMC9213499 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14079-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sable (Martes zibellina) and American mink (Neogale vison) are valuable species characterized by a variety of coat colour produced on fur farms. Black crystal fur phenotype is Mendelian codominant trait: heterozygous animals (Cr/ +) have white guard hairs scattered predominantly on the spine and the head, while homozygous (Cr/Cr) minks have coats resembling the Himalayan (ch/ch) or white Hedlund (h/h) types. It is one of the most recent of more than 35 currently known phenotypic traits of fur colour in American mink. Black crystal fur phenotype was first described in 1984 in the Russian population of mink, which had undergone selection for domestic defensive response to humans. Here, we performed whole-genome sequencing of American mink with Cr/Cr phenotype. We identified a missense mutation in the gene encoding the α-COP subunit of the COPI complex (COPA). The COPI complex mediates retrograde trafficking from the Golgi system to the endoplasmic reticulum and sorting of transmembrane proteins. We observed an interaction between a newly identified mutation in the COPA gene and a mutation in the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), the latter mutation led to the formation of the white Hedlund (h/h) phenotype. Double heterozygotes for these mutations have an entirely white coat and a black-eyed phenotype similar to the phenotype of Cr/Cr or h/h minks. Our data could be useful for tracking economically valuable fur traits in mink breeding programs to contribute to global fur production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey D. Manakhov
- grid.510477.0Department of Genetics, Centre for Genetics and Life Science, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia ,grid.4886.20000 0001 2192 9124Laboratory of Evolutionary Genomics, Department of Genomics and Human Genetics, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119333 Moscow, Russia ,grid.14476.300000 0001 2342 9668Centre for Genetics and Genetic Technologies, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119192 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Yu. Mintseva
- grid.4886.20000 0001 2192 9124Laboratory of Evolutionary Genomics, Department of Genomics and Human Genetics, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119333 Moscow, Russia
| | - Lev I. Uralsky
- grid.510477.0Department of Genetics, Centre for Genetics and Life Science, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia ,grid.4886.20000 0001 2192 9124Laboratory of Evolutionary Genomics, Department of Genomics and Human Genetics, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119333 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana V. Andreeva
- grid.4886.20000 0001 2192 9124Laboratory of Evolutionary Genomics, Department of Genomics and Human Genetics, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119333 Moscow, Russia ,grid.14476.300000 0001 2342 9668Centre for Genetics and Genetic Technologies, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119192 Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg V. Trapezov
- grid.415877.80000 0001 2254 1834Department of Animals and Human Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia ,grid.4605.70000000121896553Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Evgeny I. Rogaev
- grid.510477.0Department of Genetics, Centre for Genetics and Life Science, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia ,grid.4886.20000 0001 2192 9124Laboratory of Evolutionary Genomics, Department of Genomics and Human Genetics, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119333 Moscow, Russia ,grid.14476.300000 0001 2342 9668Centre for Genetics and Genetic Technologies, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119192 Moscow, Russia ,Department of Psychiatry, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01604 USA
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8
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Manakhov AD, Mintseva MY, Andreeva TV, Trapezov OV, Rogaev EI. Shadow coat colour in American mink associated with a missense mutation in the KIT gene. Anim Genet 2022; 53:522-525. [PMID: 35481560 DOI: 10.1111/age.13202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The classical genetic analysis describes more 35 mutations that are involved in the formation of the American mink (Neovison vison) fur colour phenotype. To date, only eight of these mutations have been linked to specific genes. Shadow is a member of the commercially valuable Black cross colour family. Here, we performed whole-genome sequencing of the American mink with a Shadow Silverblue (Sh /+ p/p) phenotype. We identified a missense mutation (c.2374 G>T) in the gene encoding the KIT proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase gene (KIT), which plays a critical role in melanogenesis as well as in the survival, growth and development of other cell types. The reported mutation results in amino acid substitution p.Asp792Tyr in a highly conserved catalytic loop of the KIT protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey D Manakhov
- Centre for Genetics and Life Science, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia.,Laboratory of Evolutionary Genomics, Department of Genomics and Human Genetics, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Centre for Genetics and Genetic Technologies, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Yu Mintseva
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genomics, Department of Genomics and Human Genetics, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana V Andreeva
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genomics, Department of Genomics and Human Genetics, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Centre for Genetics and Genetic Technologies, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg V Trapezov
- Department of Animals and Human Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Evgeny I Rogaev
- Centre for Genetics and Life Science, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia.,Laboratory of Evolutionary Genomics, Department of Genomics and Human Genetics, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Centre for Genetics and Genetic Technologies, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Psychiatry, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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9
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Hofmeester TR, Thorsen NH, Linnell JDC, Odden J. Camera trap records of leucistic Eurasian badgers ( Meles meles) in central Norway. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:12902-12907. [PMID: 34646442 PMCID: PMC8495824 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Coat coloration plays an important role in communication, camouflage, and sexual selection in animals. Genetic mutations can lead to anomalous colorations such as melanism and leucism, where animals appear, respectively, darker or lighter than normal. Reporting abnormal coloration in wild animals is an important first step to understand the distribution, prevalence, and potential fitness consequences of these rare events. Here, we report several records of suspected leucism in the Eurasian badger (Meles meles) in a population in central Norway. Several camera traps recorded at least two leucistic individuals between 2017 and 2020. It took considerable effort, almost 400,000 camera trap nights over a period of 10 years all over Norway, to obtain a total of eleven records of leucistic badgers, indicating the rarity of this phenotype. It is unclear what has caused the presence of multiple leucistic badgers in a single population, but recent colonization and lack of predators might have played a role. Due to our observations, future studies can now be developed to study the underlying mechanisms and potential consequences of leucism in this badger population. The increasing use of networks of camera traps in wildlife research will provide new opportunities to record rare coloration in wild animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim R. Hofmeester
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental StudiesSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeåSweden
| | | | - John D. C. Linnell
- Norwegian Institute for Nature ResearchTrondheimNorway
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife ManagementInland Norway University of Applied SciencesKoppangNorway
| | - John Odden
- Norwegian Institute for Nature ResearchOsloNorway
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10
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Utzeri VJ, Ribani A, Schiavo G, Fontanesi L. Describing variability in the tyrosinase (TYR) gene, the albino coat colour locus, in domestic and wild European rabbits. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.1877574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Joe Utzeri
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Anisa Ribani
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Schiavo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Fontanesi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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11
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Trapezov OV, Veprev SG, Koldaeva EM, Sergeev EG, Fomin SV, Fomina NS, Nekrasova MF. Homological Series in the Variability of the Coat Color in Fur Animals. RUSS J GENET+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795420110101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Genome analysis of American minks reveals link of mutations in Ras-related protein-38 gene to Moyle brown coat phenotype. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15876. [PMID: 32985525 PMCID: PMC7522971 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72239-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 35 fur colours have been described in American mink (Neovison vison), only six of which have been previously linked to specific genes. Moyle fur colour belongs to a wide group of brownish colours that are highly similar to each other, which complicates selection and breeding procedures. We performed whole genome sequencing for two American minks with Moyle (m/m) and Violet (a/a m/m /p/p) phenotypes. We identified two frame-shift mutations in the gene encoding Ras-related protein-38 (RAB38), which regulates the trafficking of tyrosinase-containing vesicles to maturing melanosomes. The results highlight the role of RAB38 in the biogenesis of melanosomes and melanin and the genetic mechanism contributing to hair colour variety and intensity. These data are also useful for tracking economically valuable fur traits in mink breeding programmes.
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Wu M, Chen X, Cui K, Li H, Jiang Y. Pigmentation formation and expression analysis of tyrosinase in Siniperca chuatsi. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2020; 46:1279-1293. [PMID: 32185567 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-020-00788-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Animal pigmentation primarily depends on the presence and mixing ratio of chromatophores, functioning in animal survival and communication. For the benthic and carnivorous Siniperca chuatsi, pigmentation pattern is key to concealment and predation. In this study, the formation, distribution, and main pattern of chromatophores were observed in the embryos, larvae, skins, and visceral tissues from S. chuatsi. Melanophores were firstly visualized in the yolk sac at segmentation stage, and then they were migrated to the whole body and further clustered into the black stripes, bands, and patches. In adult S. chuatsi, the head, black band, and body side skins mainly contained melanophores, showing as deep or light black. The abdomen skin mainly contained iridophores, showing as silvery. In the eye, the pigment layers were located in the epithelial layers of iris and retina and shown as black. Then, the pigmentation-related gene, tyrosinase gene from S. chuatsi (Sc-tyr) was analyzed by bioinformatics and quantitative methods. The Sc-tyr gene encoded a protein with 540 amino acids (Sc-TYR). The Sc-TYR contained two copper ion binding sites, which were coordinated by six conserved histidines (H182, H205, H214, H366, H370, H393) and necessary for catalytic activity. The Sc-TYR was well conserved compared with TYR of various species with higher degree of sequence similarity with other fishes (77.6-98.3%). The qRT-PCR test showed that the Sc-tyr mRNA reached the peak value at segmentation stage in the embryo development, the black skins displayed a higher expression level than that in silvery skin, and the eye had the highest expression level compared with other tissues. Further research on enzyme activity showed that the expression patterns of tyrosinase activity were similar to that of the Sc-tyr mRNA. Comparing with the results of molecular and phenotype, it was found that the temporal and spatial distributions of tyrosinase corresponded well with changes in pigmentation patterns and the intensity of skin melanization. This study initially explored the pigmentation formation and tyrosinase expression, which served as a foundation for further insight into the genetics mechanism of body color formation in S. chuatsi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minglin Wu
- Fisheries Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, NO.40 South Nongke Road, Luyang District, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Aquaculture & Stock Enhancement, NO.40 South Nongke Road, Luyang District, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaowu Chen
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education (Shanghai Ocean University), Shanghai, 201306, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Kai Cui
- Fisheries Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, NO.40 South Nongke Road, Luyang District, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Aquaculture & Stock Enhancement, NO.40 South Nongke Road, Luyang District, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China.
| | - Haiyang Li
- Fisheries Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, NO.40 South Nongke Road, Luyang District, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Aquaculture & Stock Enhancement, NO.40 South Nongke Road, Luyang District, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Yangyang Jiang
- Fisheries Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, NO.40 South Nongke Road, Luyang District, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Aquaculture & Stock Enhancement, NO.40 South Nongke Road, Luyang District, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
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Cuxim-Koyoc A, Escalante-Avilés I, Aragón-Pech R, Pinto-Escalante D, Reyes-Novelo E, Ruiz-Piña HA. Albinism in Didelphis virginiana (Kerr, 1792): the first reported case in Mexico. MAMMALIA 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/mammalia-2018-0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Atypical colorations occur in different groups of vertebrates. The loss of melanin in the skin, hair and eyes is the result of an autosomal recessive genetic entity. It causes individuals to present with a white coloration of the skin and hair, as well as red eyes, known as albino. This manuscript documents the first record in Mexico of complete albinism in a marsupial, Didelphis virginiana, captured in the Yucatan peninsula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Cuxim-Koyoc
- Centro de Investigaciones Regionales “Dr. Hideyo Noguchi” , Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán , Av. Itzaes No. 491 por 59 Col. Centro , Mérida, Yucatán, C.P. 97000 , Mexico
| | - Israel Escalante-Avilés
- Centro de Investigaciones Regionales “Dr. Hideyo Noguchi” , Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán , Av. Itzaes No. 491 por 59 Col. Centro , Mérida, Yucatán, C.P. 97000 , Mexico
| | - Rosendo Aragón-Pech
- Centro de Investigaciones Regionales “Dr. Hideyo Noguchi” , Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán , Av. Itzaes No. 491 por 59 Col. Centro , Mérida, Yucatán, C.P. 97000 , Mexico
| | - Doris Pinto-Escalante
- Centro de Investigaciones Regionales “Dr. Hideyo Noguchi” , Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán , Av. Itzaes No. 491 por 59 Col. Centro , Mérida, Yucatán, C.P. 97000 , Mexico
| | - Enrique Reyes-Novelo
- Centro de Investigaciones Regionales “Dr. Hideyo Noguchi” , Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán , Av. Itzaes No. 491 por 59 Col. Centro , Mérida, Yucatán, C.P. 97000 , Mexico
| | - Hugo A. Ruiz-Piña
- Centro de Investigaciones Regionales “Dr. Hideyo Noguchi” , Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán , Av. Itzaes No. 491 por 59 Col. Centro , Mérida, Yucatán, C.P. 97000 , Mexico
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A genome-wide scan study identifies a single nucleotide substitution in the tyrosinase gene associated with white coat colour in a red deer (Cervus elaphus) population. BMC Genet 2020; 21:14. [PMID: 32041521 PMCID: PMC7011275 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-020-0814-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Red deer with very pale coat colour are observed sporadically. In the red deer (Cervus elaphus) population of Reinhardswald in Germany, about 5% of animals have a white coat colour that is not associated with albinism. In order to facilitate the conservation of the animals, it should be determined whether and to what extent brown animals carry the white gene. For this purpose, samples of one white hind and her brown calf were available for whole genome sequencing to identify the single nucleotide polymorphism(s) responsible for the white phenotype. Subsequently, samples from 194 brown and 11 white animals were genotyped. Results Based on a list of colour genes of the International Federation of Pigment Cell Societies, a non-synonymous mutation with exchange of a glycine residue at position 291 of the tyrosinase protein by arginine was identified as the cause of dilution of the coat colour. A gene test led to exactly matching genotypes in all examined animals. The study showed that 14% of the brown animals carry the white gene. This provides a simple and reliable way of conservation for the white animals. However, results could not be transferred to another, unrelated red deer population with white animals. Although no brown animals with a white tyrosinase genotype were detected, the cause for the white colouring in this population was different. Conclusions A gene test for the conservation of white red deer is available for the population of the Reinhardswald. While mutations in the tyrosinase are commonly associated with oculocutaneous albinism type 1, the amino acid exchange at position 291 was found to be associated with coat colour dilution in Cervus elaphus.
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Anello M, Fernández E, Daverio MS, Vidal-Rioja L, Di Rocco F. TYR Gene in Llamas: Polymorphisms and Expression Study in Different Color Phenotypes. Front Genet 2019; 10:568. [PMID: 31249599 PMCID: PMC6582663 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinase, encoded by TYR gene, is an enzyme that plays a major role in mammalian pigmentation. It catalyzes the oxidation of L-dihydroxy-phenylalanine (DOPA) to DOPA quinone, a precursor of both types of melanin: eumelanin and pheomelanin. TYR is commonly known as the albino locus since mutations in this gene result in albinism in several species. However, many other TYR mutations have been found to cause diluted phenotypes, like the Himalayan or chinchilla phenotypes in mice. The llama (Lama glama) presents a wide variety of coat colors ranging from non-diluted phenotypes (eumelanic and pheomelanic), through different degrees of dilution, to white. To investigate the possible contribution of TYR gene to coat color variation in llamas, we sequenced TYR exons and their flanking regions and genotyped animals with diluted, non-diluted, and white coat, including three blue-eyed white individuals. Moreover, we analyzed mRNA expression levels in skin biopsies by qPCR. TYR coding region presented nine SNPs, of which three were non-synonymous, c.428A > G, c.859G > T, and c.1490G > T. We also identified seven polymorphisms in non-coding regions, including two microsatellites, an homopolymeric repeat, and five SNPs: one in the promoter region (c.1-26C > T), two in the 3'-UTR, and two flanking the exons. Although no complete association was found between coat color and SNPs, c.1-26C > T was partially associated to diluted phenotypes. Additionally, the frequency of the G allele from c.428A > G was significantly higher in white compared to non-diluted. Results from qPCR showed that expression levels of TYR in white llamas were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than those in diluted and non-diluted phenotypes. Screening for variation in regulatory regions of TYR did not reveal polymorphisms that explain such differences. However, data from this study showed that TYR expression levels play a role in llama pigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Anello
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular, CONICET-UNLP-CIC, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Estefanía Fernández
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular, CONICET-UNLP-CIC, La Plata, Argentina
| | - María Silvana Daverio
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular, CONICET-UNLP-CIC, La Plata, Argentina.,Cátedra de Biología, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Lidia Vidal-Rioja
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular, CONICET-UNLP-CIC, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Florencia Di Rocco
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular, CONICET-UNLP-CIC, La Plata, Argentina
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Genome analysis identifies the mutant genes for common industrial Silverblue and Hedlund white coat colours in American mink. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4581. [PMID: 30872653 PMCID: PMC6418256 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40918-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The fur colour of American mink (Neovison vison) involves over 35 traits, but only three of these have been linked to specific genes. Despite being the most popular, coat colours Silverblue and Hedlund white remain uncharacterized genetically. The former is the first genetic mutant of fur colour identified in minks, while the latter is a commercially valuable phenotype that can be dyed easily. Here, we performed the whole genome sequencing for two American mink breeds with Silverblue and Hedlund white coats. We identified mutations in splice donor sites of genes coding melanophilin (MLPH) and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) that regulate melanosome transport and neural-crest-derived melanocyte development, respectively. Both mutations cause mRNA splicing impairments that lead to a shift in open reading frames of MLPH and MITF. We conclude that our data should be useful for tracking economically valuable fur traits in mink breeding programs to contribute to global fur production.
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Yu S, Wang G, Liao J, Tang M. Five alternative splicing variants of the TYR gene and their different roles in melanogenesis in the Muchuan black-boned chicken. Br Poult Sci 2018; 60:8-14. [PMID: 30293452 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2018.1533633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
1. The TYR gene encodes tyrosinase, a multifunctional enzyme that is essential for melanin biosynthesis in melanocytes. This experiment involved the cloning and characterisation of the TYR gene in chicken. Five alternative splice variants were identified in the black feather bulb and designated as TYR-AS1, TYR-AS2, TYR-AS3, TYR-AS4 and TYR-AS5. 2. Among the 11 chicken tissues examined, the feather bulb, comb and skin showed higher levels of all TYR variants. All TYR variants were expressed at significantly different levels in black and white feather bulbs (P < 0.05) and may be involved in melanin formation in plumage. Only TYR-AS1, which plays an important role in muscle melanogenesis, was significantly differentially expressed between black and white muscle (P < 0.01). All TYR variants were expressed at significantly different levels in black and white skin (P < 0.01). 3. The mRNA expression levels of the 5 variants were closely associated with skin melanogenesis in the chicken. These findings provide new clues to the molecular mechanism of melanin formation in the Muchuan black-boned chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yu
- a Engineering Research Center of Sichuan Province Higher School of Local Chicken Breeds Industrialisation in Southern Sichuan, College of Life Science , Leshan Normal University , Leshan , China
| | - G Wang
- a Engineering Research Center of Sichuan Province Higher School of Local Chicken Breeds Industrialisation in Southern Sichuan, College of Life Science , Leshan Normal University , Leshan , China
| | - J Liao
- a Engineering Research Center of Sichuan Province Higher School of Local Chicken Breeds Industrialisation in Southern Sichuan, College of Life Science , Leshan Normal University , Leshan , China
| | - M Tang
- a Engineering Research Center of Sichuan Province Higher School of Local Chicken Breeds Industrialisation in Southern Sichuan, College of Life Science , Leshan Normal University , Leshan , China
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19
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Song X, Xu C, Liu Z, Yue Z, Liu L, Yang T, Cong B, Yang F. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Mink (Neovison vison) Skin Reveals the Key Genes Involved in the Melanogenesis of Black and White Coat Colour. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12461. [PMID: 28963476 PMCID: PMC5622100 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12754-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Farmed mink (Neovison vison) is one of the most important fur-bearing species worldwide, and coat colour is a crucial qualitative characteristic that contributes to the economic value of the fur. To identify additional genes that may play important roles in coat colour regulation, Illumina/Solexa high-throughput sequencing technology was used to catalogue the global gene expression profiles in mink skin with two different coat colours (black and white). RNA-seq analysis indicated that a total of 12,557 genes were differentially expressed in black versus white minks, with 3,530 genes up-regulated and 9,027 genes down-regulated in black minks. Significant differences were not observed in the expression of MC1R and TYR between the two different coat colours, and the expression of ASIP was not detected in the mink skin of either coat colour. The expression levels of KITLG, LEF1, DCT, TYRP1, PMEL, Myo5a, Rab27a and SLC7A11 were validated by qRT-PCR, and the results were consistent with RNA-seq analysis. This study provides several candidate genes that may be associated with the development of two coat colours in mink skin. These results will expand our understanding of the complex molecular mechanisms underlying skin physiology and melanogenesis in mink and will provide a foundation for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchao Song
- Key Laboratory of Special Economic Animal Genetic Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130112, China
| | - Chao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Special Economic Animal Genetic Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130112, China
| | - Zongyue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Special Economic Animal Genetic Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130112, China
| | - Zhigang Yue
- Key Laboratory of Special Economic Animal Genetic Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130112, China
| | - Linling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Special Economic Animal Genetic Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130112, China
| | - Tongao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Special Economic Animal Genetic Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130112, China
| | - Bo Cong
- Key Laboratory of Special Economic Animal Genetic Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130112, China
| | - Fuhe Yang
- Key Laboratory of Special Economic Animal Genetic Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130112, China.
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20
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Song Y, Xu Y, Deng J, Chen M, Lu Y, Wang Y, Yao H, Zhou L, Liu Z, Lai L, Li Z. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutation of tyrosinase (Tyr) 3' UTR induce graying in rabbit. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1569. [PMID: 28484254 PMCID: PMC5431497 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01727-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The 3' untranslated regions (UTRs), located at the end of mRNA molecules, are believed to play a role in RNA replication and/or protein translation. Mutations in the tyrosinase (Tyr) gene are known to cause recessive albinism in humans and other species. In this study, to test whether the CRISPR/Cas9 system works on the mutation of the UTRs regulatory region in rabbit, the 3' UTR of the rabbit Tyr gene was deleted by a dual sgRNA directed CRISPR/Cas9 system. As expected, gray coat color and reduced melanin in hair follicles and irises was found in the mutated rabbit, thus increasing confidence in the association of the mutation of the Tyr 3' UTR with graying in rabbit. The graying phenotype was also found in the F1 generation, suggesting that the mutated allele can be stably inherited by the offspring. Thus, we provide the first evidence that reduced melanin and graying can be caused by deletion of the Tyr 3' UTR in rabbits. Additionally, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated large fragment deletions can facilitate genotype to phenotype studies of UTRs or non-coding RNAs in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuning Song
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Yuxin Xu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Jichao Deng
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Mao Chen
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Haobin Yao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Lina Zhou
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Zhiquan Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Liangxue Lai
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
| | - Zhanjun Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
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Galante Rocha de Vasconcelos FT, Hauzman E, Dutra Henriques L, Kilpp Goulart PR, de Faria Galvão O, Sano RY, da Silva Souza G, Lynch Alfaro J, de Lima Silveira LC, Fix Ventura D, Oliveira Bonci DM. A novel nonsense mutation in the tyrosinase gene is related to the albinism in a capuchin monkey (Sapajus apella). BMC Genet 2017; 18:39. [PMID: 28476152 PMCID: PMC5420114 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-017-0504-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oculocutaneous Albinism (OCA) is an autosomal recessive inherited condition that affects the pigmentation of eyes, hair and skin. The OCA phenotype may be caused by mutations in the tyrosinase gene (TYR), which expresses the tyrosinase enzyme and has an important role in the synthesis of melanin pigment. The aim of this study was to identify the genetic mutation responsible for the albinism in a captive capuchin monkey, and to describe the TYR gene of normal phenotype individuals. In addition, we identified the subject’s species. Results A homozygous nonsense mutation was identified in exon 1 of the TYR gene, with the substitution of a cytosine for a thymine nucleotide (C64T) at codon 22, leading to a premature stop codon (R22X) in the albino robust capuchin monkey. The albino and five non-albino robust capuchin monkeys were identified as Sapajus apella, based on phylogenetic analyses, pelage pattern and geographic provenance. One individual was identified as S. macrocephalus. Conclusion We conclude that the point mutation C64T in the TYR gene is responsible for the OCA1 albino phenotype in the capuchin monkey, classified as Sapajus apella. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12863-017-0504-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Tadeu Galante Rocha de Vasconcelos
- Departamento de Psicologia Experimental, Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Professor Mello Moraes 1721 Bloco A Sala D9 - Butantã, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, 05508-030
| | - Einat Hauzman
- Departamento de Psicologia Experimental, Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Professor Mello Moraes 1721 Bloco A Sala D9 - Butantã, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, 05508-030.,Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Dutra Henriques
- Departamento de Psicologia Experimental, Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Professor Mello Moraes 1721 Bloco A Sala D9 - Butantã, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, 05508-030
| | - Paulo Roney Kilpp Goulart
- Núcleo de Teoria e Pesquisa do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01 - Guamá, Belém, PA, Brazil, 66075-110
| | - Olavo de Faria Galvão
- Núcleo de Teoria e Pesquisa do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01 - Guamá, Belém, PA, Brazil, 66075-110
| | - Ronaldo Yuiti Sano
- Departamento de Psicologia Experimental, Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Professor Mello Moraes 1721 Bloco A Sala D9 - Butantã, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, 05508-030.,Departamento de Oftalmologia, Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Givago da Silva Souza
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01 - Guamá, Belém, PA, Brazil, 66075-110.,Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Jessica Lynch Alfaro
- Institute for Society and Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Box 957221, 3360 LSB, Los Angeles, CA, USA, 90095-7221.,Department of Anthropology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Luis Carlos de Lima Silveira
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01 - Guamá, Belém, PA, Brazil, 66075-110.,Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Dora Fix Ventura
- Departamento de Psicologia Experimental, Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Professor Mello Moraes 1721 Bloco A Sala D9 - Butantã, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, 05508-030.,Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela Maria Oliveira Bonci
- Departamento de Psicologia Experimental, Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Professor Mello Moraes 1721 Bloco A Sala D9 - Butantã, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, 05508-030. .,Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Lu Q, Yuan L, Xu H, Huang X, Yang Z, Yi J, Ni B, Chen Y, Deng H. Identification of a missense mutation in the tyrosinase gene in a Chinese family with oculocutaneous albinism type 1. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:1426-1430. [PMID: 28112372 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Sugahara R, Tanaka S, Jouraku A, Shiotsuki T. Two types of albino mutants in desert and migratory locusts are caused by gene defects in the same signaling pathway. Gene 2017; 608:41-48. [PMID: 28119086 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Albinism is caused by mutations in the genes involved in melanin production. Albino nymphs of Locusta migratoria and Schistocerca gregaria reared under crowded conditions are uniformly creamy-white in color. However, nothing is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon in locusts. The albino strain of L. migratoria is known to lack the dark-color-inducing neuropeptide corazonin (Crz). In this study, we report that this albino strain has a 10-base-pair deletion in the gene LmCRZ, which encodes Crz. This mutation was found to cause a frame-shift, resulting in a null mutation in Crz. On the other hand, the albino strain of S. gregaria is known to have an intact Crz. This strain was found to possess a single-nucleotide substitution in the middle of the Crz receptor-encoding gene, SgCRZR, which caused a nonsense mutation, resulting in a truncated receptor. Silencing of SgCRZR in wild-type S. gregaria nymphs greatly reduced the area and intensity of their black patterning, suggesting that the functional defect of SgCRZR likely causes the albinism. The expression level of SgCRZR in the albino S. gregaria was comparable to that in the wild type. Unlike the wild type, the albino strain of this locust did not show a phase-dependent shift in a morphometric trait controlled by Crz. From these results, we conclude that the mutations in LmCRZ and SgCRZR are responsible for the albinism in L. migratoria and S. gregaria, respectively, indicating that the two types of albinism are caused by different genetic defects in the same Crz signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Sugahara
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 1-2 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan.
| | - Seiji Tanaka
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 1-2 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan
| | - Akiya Jouraku
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 1-2 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan
| | - Takahiro Shiotsuki
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 1-2 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan
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Cirera S, Markakis MN, Kristiansen T, Vissenberg K, Fredholm M, Christensen K, Anistoroaei R. A large insertion in intron 2 of the TYRP1 gene associated with American Palomino phenotype in American mink. Mamm Genome 2016; 27:135-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s00335-016-9620-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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25
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Utzeri VJ, Bertolini F, Ribani A, Schiavo G, Dall'Olio S, Fontanesi L. The albinism of the feral Asinara white donkeys (Equus asinus
) is determined by a missense mutation in a highly conserved position of the tyrosinase (TYR
) gene deduced protein. Anim Genet 2015; 47:120-4. [DOI: 10.1111/age.12386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V. J. Utzeri
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences; Division of Animal Sciences; University of Bologna; Viale Fanin 46 40127 Bologna Italy
| | - F. Bertolini
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences; Division of Animal Sciences; University of Bologna; Viale Fanin 46 40127 Bologna Italy
| | - A. Ribani
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences; Division of Animal Sciences; University of Bologna; Viale Fanin 46 40127 Bologna Italy
| | - G. Schiavo
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences; Division of Animal Sciences; University of Bologna; Viale Fanin 46 40127 Bologna Italy
| | - S. Dall'Olio
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences; Division of Animal Sciences; University of Bologna; Viale Fanin 46 40127 Bologna Italy
| | - L. Fontanesi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences; Division of Animal Sciences; University of Bologna; Viale Fanin 46 40127 Bologna Italy
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Markakis MN, Soedring VE, Dantzer V, Christensen K, Anistoroaei R. Association of MITF gene with hearing and pigmentation phenotype in Hedlund white American mink (Neovison vison). J Genet 2015; 93:477-81. [PMID: 25189243 DOI: 10.1007/s12041-014-0370-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marios N Markakis
- Department of Biology, Plant Growth and Development, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
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27
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Thirstrup JP, Anistoroaei R, Guldbrandtsen B, Christensen K, Fredholm M, Nielsen VH. Identifying QTL and genetic correlations between fur quality traits in mink (Neovison vison). Anim Genet 2013; 45:105-10. [PMID: 24303917 DOI: 10.1111/age.12102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Mapping of QTL affecting fur quality traits (guard hair length, guard hair thickness, density of wool, surface of the fur and quality) and skin length was performed in a three-generation mink population (F2 design). In the parental generation, Nordic Brown mink were crossed reciprocally with American Black short nap mink. In all, 1082 mink encompassing three generations were used for the analyses. The mink were genotyped for 104 microsatellites covering all 14 autosomes. The QTL analyses were performed by least-square regression implemented in gridqtl software. Genetic and phenotypic correlations and heritabilities were estimated using the average information-restricted maximum-likelihood method. Evidence was found for QTL affecting fur quality traits on nine autosomes. QTL were detected for guard hair thickness on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 6 and 13; for guard hair length on chromosomes 2, 3 and 6; for wool density on chromosomes 6 and 13; for surface on chromosomes 7, 12 and 13; for quality on chromosomes 6, 7, 11 and 13; and for skin length on chromosomes 7 and 9. Proximity of locations of QTL for guard hair length, guard hair thickness and for wool density and quality suggests that some of the traits are in part under the influence of the same genes. Traits under the influence of QTL at close or identical positions also were traits that were strongly genotypically correlated. Based on the results of correlation analyses, the most important single traits influencing the quality were found to be density of wool, guard hair thickness and appearance of the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Thirstrup
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
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28
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Reissmann M, Ludwig A. Pleiotropic effects of coat colour-associated mutations in humans, mice and other mammals. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2013; 24:576-86. [PMID: 23583561 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2013.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The characterisation of the pleiotropic effects of coat colour-associated mutations in mammals illustrates that sensory organs and nerves are particularly affected by disorders because of the shared origin of melanocytes and neurocytes in the neural crest; e.g. the eye-colour is a valuable indicator of disorders in pigment production and eye dysfunctions. Disorders related to coat colour-associated alleles also occur in the skin (melanoma), reproductive tract and immune system. Additionally, the coat colour phenotype of an individual influences its general behaviour and fitness. Mutations in the same genes often produce similar coat colours and pleiotropic effects in different species (e.g., KIT [reproductive disorders, lethality], EDNRB [megacolon] and LYST [CHS]). Whereas similar disorders and similar-looking coat colour phenotypes sometimes have a different genetic background (e.g., deafness [EDN3/EDNRB, MITF, PAX and SNAI2] and visual diseases [OCA2, RAB38, SLC24A5, SLC45A2, TRPM1 and TYR]). The human predilection for fancy phenotypes that ignore disorders and genetic defects is a major driving force for the increase of pleiotropic effects in domestic species and laboratory subjects since domestication has commenced approximately 18,000 years ago.
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Key Words
- AS
- ASIP
- ATRN
- Agouti signalling protein
- Albino
- Angelman syndrome
- Attractin (mahogany)
- BLOC
- Biogenesis of lysosomal organelles complex
- CCSD
- CHS
- CSD
- CSNB
- Canine congenital sensorineural deafness
- Chediak-Higashi syndrome
- Coat colour gene
- Congenital sensorineural deafness
- Congenital stationary night blindness
- Disorder
- EDN3
- EDNRB
- Endothelin 3
- Endothelin receptor type B
- Epistasis
- Fitness
- GS
- Griscelli syndrome (type 1 or 2)
- HPS
- HSCR
- Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome with different types
- Hirschsprung disease
- IPE
- Iris pigment epithelium
- KIT
- KIT ligand (steel factor)
- KITLG
- LFS
- LYST
- Lavender foal syndrome
- Lethal
- Leucism
- Lysosomal trafficking regulator
- MC1R
- MCOA
- MCOLN3
- MGRN1
- MITF
- MYO5A
- Mahogunin ring finger 1 (E3 ubiquitin protein ligase)
- Melanocortin 1 receptor
- Melanoma
- Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor
- Mucolipin 3 (TRPML3)
- Multiple congenital ocular anomalies
- Myosin VA (heavy chain 12, myoxin)
- OA
- OCA
- OCA2
- OLWS
- OSTM1
- Ocular albinism
- Oculocutaneous albinism II (pink-eye dilution homolog)
- Oculocutaneous albinism type 1–4
- Osteopetrosis associated transmembrane protein 1 (Grey lethal osteopetrosis)
- Overo lethal white syndrome
- PAX3
- PMEL
- PWS
- Paired box 3
- Pleiotropy
- Prader-Willi syndrome
- Premelanosome protein (Pmel17, SILV)
- RAB27A
- RAB27A member RAS oncogene family
- RAB38
- RAB38 member RAS oncogene family
- RPE
- Reproduction
- Retinal pigmented epithelium
- SLC24A5
- SLC2A9
- SLC45A2
- SNAI2
- STX17
- Snail homolog 2 (Drosophila), (SLUG), SOX10, SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 10
- Solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 9
- Solute carrier family 24, member 5
- Solute carrier family 45, member 2, MATP
- Syntaxin 17
- TRPM1
- TYR
- Tameness
- Transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 1 (melastatin-1)
- Tyrosinase, TYRP1, Tyrosinase-related protein 1
- V-kit Hardy-Zuckerman 4 feline sarcoma viral oncogene homolog, tyrosine kinase receptor (c-kit)
- WS
- Waardenburg syndrome (type 1, type 2 combined with Tietz syndrome type 3 Klein-Waardenburg syndrome, type 4 Waardenburg-Shah syndrome)
- alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone
- αMSH
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Reissmann
- Humboldt University Berlin, Department for Crop and Animal Sciences, Berlin, Germany.
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Damé MCF, Xavier GM, Oliveira-Filho JP, Borges AS, Oliveira HN, Riet-Correa F, Schild AL. A nonsense mutation in the tyrosinase gene causes albinism in water buffalo. BMC Genet 2012; 13:62. [PMID: 22817390 PMCID: PMC3411452 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-13-62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is an autosomal recessive hereditary pigmentation disorder affecting humans and several other animal species. Oculocutaneous albinism was studied in a herd of Murrah buffalo to determine the clinical presentation and genetic basis of albinism in this species. Results Clinical examinations and pedigree analysis were performed in an affected herd, and wild-type and OCA tyrosinase mRNA sequences were obtained. The main clinical findings were photophobia and a lack of pigmentation of the hair, skin, horns, hooves, mucosa, and iris. The results of segregation analysis suggest that this disease is acquired through recessive inheritance. In the OCA buffalo, a single-base substitution was detected at nucleotide 1,431 (G to A), which leads to the conversion of tryptophan into a stop codon at residue 477. Conclusion This premature stop codon produces an inactive protein, which is responsible for the OCA buffalo phenotype. These findings will be useful for future studies of albinism in buffalo and as a possible model to study diseases caused by a premature stop codon.
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Anistoroaei R, Markakis MN, Vissenberg K, Christensen K. Exclusion of candidate genes for coat colour phenotypes of the American mink (Neovison vison). Anim Genet 2012; 43:813-6. [PMID: 22497269 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2012.02339.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In a previous project, we screened the American mink Bacterial Artificial Chromosome library, CHORI-231, for genes potentially involved in various coat colour phenotypes in the American mink. Subsequently, we 454 sequenced the inserts containing these genes and developed microsatellite markers for each of these genes. Here, we describe a lack of association between three different 'roan-type' phenotypes represented by Cross, Stardust and Cinnamon in American mink and six different genes that we considered to be potentially linked to these phenotypes. Thus, c-KIT (HUGO-approved symbol KIT), ATOH-1 (HUGO-approved symbol ATOH1) and POMC were excluded as potential candidates for these three phenotypes. In addition, MITF and SLC24A5 were excluded for Cross and Cinnamon, and KITL (HUGO-approved symbol KITLG) for Cross and Stardust. Although most of these genes have been implicated as the cause of similar phenotypes in other mammals, including horses, pigs, cows, dogs, cats, mice and humans, they do not appear to be responsible for comparable phenotypes found in American mink.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Anistoroaei
- Division of Animal Genetics and Bioinformatics, Department of Basic Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Groennegaardsvej 3, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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31
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Benkel BF, Smith A, Christensen K, Anistoroaei R, Zhang Y, Sensen CW, Farid H, Paterson L, Teather RM. A comparative, BAC end sequence enabled map of the genome of the American mink (Neovison vison). Genes Genomics 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-011-0160-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Polanowski AM, Robinson-Laverick SM, Paton D, Jarman SN. Variation in the tyrosinase gene associated with a white humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 103:130-3. [PMID: 22140253 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esr108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosinase-negative oculocutaneous albinism (OCA1A) is characterized by lifelong white hair and skin, a phenotype that has been described in most mammalian species worldwide. Tyrosinase is the key enzyme in melanin biosynthesis, and mutations in the tyrosinase gene result in OCA1A. We examined sequence variation at exon 1 of the tyrosinase gene in 66 humpback whale samples collected from the east coast of Australia, including an anomalously white humpback whale known as "Migaloo." We identified 3 novel variants, including a cytosine deletion that results in a premature stop codon in exon 1. The deletion truncates the tyrosinase protein including the putative catalytic domains that are essential for tyrosinase enzymatic activity. Migaloo was homozygous for this deletion, suggesting that the albino phenotype is a consequence of inactive tyrosinase caused by the frameshift in the tyrosinase gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Polanowski
- Australian Marine Mammal Centre, Australian Antarctic Division, 203 Channel Highway Kingston, Tasmania 7050, Australia.
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Anistoroaei R, ten Hallers B, Nefedov M, Christensen K, de Jong P. Construction of an American mink bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library and sequencing candidate genes important for the fur industry. BMC Genomics 2011; 12:354. [PMID: 21740547 PMCID: PMC3143106 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-12-354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 07/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) libraries continue to be invaluable tools for the genomic analysis of complex organisms. Complemented by the newly and fast growing deep sequencing technologies, they provide an excellent source of information in genomics projects. Results Here, we report the construction and characterization of the CHORI-231 BAC library constructed from a Danish-farmed, male American mink (Neovison vison). The library contains approximately 165,888 clones with an average insert size of 170 kb, representing approximately 10-fold coverage. High-density filters, each consisting of 18,432 clones spotted in duplicate, have been produced for hybridization screening and are publicly available. Overgo probes derived from expressed sequence tags (ESTs), representing 21 candidate genes for traits important for the mink industry, were used to screen the BAC library. These included candidate genes for coat coloring, hair growth and length, coarseness, and some receptors potentially involved in viral diseases in mink. The extensive screening yielded positive results for 19 of these genes. Thirty-five clones corresponding to 19 genes were sequenced using 454 Roche, and large contigs (184 kb in average) were assembled. Knowing the complete sequences of these candidate genes will enable confirmation of the association with a phenotype and the finding of causative mutations for the targeted phenotypes. Additionally, 1577 BAC clones were end sequenced; 2505 BAC end sequences (80% of BACs) were obtained. An excess of 2 Mb has been analyzed, thus giving a snapshot of the mink genome. Conclusions The availability of the CHORI-321 American mink BAC library will aid in identification of genes and genomic regions of interest. We have demonstrated how the library can be used to identify specific genes of interest, develop genetic markers, and for BAC end sequencing and deep sequencing of selected clones. To our knowledge, this is the first report of 454 sequencing of selected BAC clones in mammals and re-assures the suitability of this technique for obtaining the sequence information of genes of interest in small genomics projects. The BAC end sequences described in this paper have been deposited in the GenBank data library [HN339419-HN341884, HN604664-HN604702]. The 454 produced contigs derived from selected clones are deposited with reference numbers [GenBank: JF288166-JF288183 &JF310744].
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Affiliation(s)
- Razvan Anistoroaei
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Basic Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Animal Genetics and Bioinformatics, Groennegaardsvej 3, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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Abstract
During the last decade, coat colouration in mammals has been investigated in numerous studies. Most of these studies addressing the genetics of coat colouration were on domesticated animals. In contrast to their wild ancestors, domesticated species are often characterized by a huge allelic variability of coat-colour-associated genes. This variability results from artificial selection accepting negative pleiotropic effects linked with certain coat-colour variants. Recent studies demonstrate that this selection for coat-colour phenotypes started at the beginning of domestication. Although to date more than 300 genetic loci and more than 150 identified coat-colour-associated genes have been discovered, which influence pigmentation in various ways, the genetic pathways influencing coat colouration are still only poorly described. On the one hand, similar coat colourations observed in different species can be the product of a few conserved genes. On the other hand, different genes can be responsible for highly similar coat colourations in different individuals of a species or in different species. Therefore, any phenotypic classification of coat colouration blurs underlying differences in the genetic basis of colour variants. In this review we focus on (i) the underlying causes that have resulted in the observed increase of colour variation in domesticated animals compared to their wild ancestors, and (ii) the current state of knowledge with regard to the molecular mechanisms of colouration, with a special emphasis on when and where the different coat-colour-associated genes act.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Cieslak
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Research Group of Evolutionary Genetics, Berlin, Germany
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Polymorphisms detected in the tyrosinase and matp (slc45a2) genes did not explain coat colour dilution in a sample of Alpaca (Vicugna pacos). Small Rumin Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2010.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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36
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Benkel BF, Rouvinen-Watt K, Farid H, Anistoroaei R. Molecular characterization of the Himalayan mink. Mamm Genome 2009; 20:256-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00335-009-9177-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2009] [Accepted: 02/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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