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Zhao K, Li X, Liu D, Wang L, Pei Q, Han B, Zhang Z, Tian D, Wang S, Zhao J, Huang B, Zhang F. Genetic Variations of MSTN and Callipyge in Tibetan Sheep: Implications for Early Growth Traits. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:921. [PMID: 39062700 PMCID: PMC11276372 DOI: 10.3390/genes15070921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Tibetan sheep are vital to the ecosystem and livelihood of the Tibetan Plateau; however, traditional breeding methods limit their production and growth. Modern molecular breeding techniques are required to improve these traits. This study identified a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in myostatin (MSTN) and Callipyge in Tibetan sheep. The findings indicated notable associations between MSTN genotypes and growth traits including birth weight (BW), body length (BL), chest width (ChW), and chest circumference (ChC), as well as a particularly strong association with cannon circumference (CaC) at 2 months of age. Conversely, Callipyge polymorphisms did not have a significant impact on Tibetan sheep. Moreover, the analyses revealed a significant association between sex and BW or hip width (HW) at 2 months of age and ChW, ChC, and CaC at 4 months of age. Furthermore, the study's results suggested that the genotype of MSTN as a GA was associated with a notable sex effect on BW, while the genotype of Callipyge (CC) showed a significant impact of sex on CaC at 2 months of age. These results indicated that the SNP of MSTN could potentially serve as a molecular marker for early growth traits in Tibetan sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China; (X.L.); (D.L.); (B.H.); (D.T.); (S.W.)
| | - Xue Li
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China; (X.L.); (D.L.); (B.H.); (D.T.); (S.W.)
| | - Dehui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China; (X.L.); (D.L.); (B.H.); (D.T.); (S.W.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Qinghai Sheep Breeding and Promotion Service Center, Gangcha 812300, China; (L.W.); (Q.P.); (Z.Z.); (J.Z.); (B.H.); (F.Z.)
| | - Quanbang Pei
- Qinghai Sheep Breeding and Promotion Service Center, Gangcha 812300, China; (L.W.); (Q.P.); (Z.Z.); (J.Z.); (B.H.); (F.Z.)
| | - Buying Han
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China; (X.L.); (D.L.); (B.H.); (D.T.); (S.W.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zian Zhang
- Qinghai Sheep Breeding and Promotion Service Center, Gangcha 812300, China; (L.W.); (Q.P.); (Z.Z.); (J.Z.); (B.H.); (F.Z.)
| | - Dehong Tian
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China; (X.L.); (D.L.); (B.H.); (D.T.); (S.W.)
| | - Song Wang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China; (X.L.); (D.L.); (B.H.); (D.T.); (S.W.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jincai Zhao
- Qinghai Sheep Breeding and Promotion Service Center, Gangcha 812300, China; (L.W.); (Q.P.); (Z.Z.); (J.Z.); (B.H.); (F.Z.)
| | - Bin Huang
- Qinghai Sheep Breeding and Promotion Service Center, Gangcha 812300, China; (L.W.); (Q.P.); (Z.Z.); (J.Z.); (B.H.); (F.Z.)
| | - Fuqiang Zhang
- Qinghai Sheep Breeding and Promotion Service Center, Gangcha 812300, China; (L.W.); (Q.P.); (Z.Z.); (J.Z.); (B.H.); (F.Z.)
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Talebi R, Mardi M, Zeinalabedini M, Kazemi Alamouti M, Fabre S, Ghaffari MR. Assessing the performance of Moghani crossbred lambs derived from different mating systems with Texel and Booroola sheep. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301629. [PMID: 38573987 PMCID: PMC10994311 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
In our ongoing project, which focuses on the introgression of Booroola/FecB gene and the myostatin (MSTN) gene into purebred Moghani sheep, we assessed the performance of second-generation Moghani crossbreds such as second crossbreds (F2) and initial backcross generation (BC1). These crossbreds were generated through different mating systems, including in-breeding, outcrossing, first paternal backcrossing (PBC1), and first maternal backcrossing (MBC1). Notably, F2 strains exhibited lean tail, woolly fleece and a higher percentage of white coat color compared to BC1. The impact of mating systems and birth types on pre-weaning survival rates was found to be statistically significant (P < 0.0001), with singleton offspring resulting from paternal backcross showing a particularly substantial effect. The F2 crossbred lambs carrying the Booroola gene did not show a statistically significant difference in survivability compared to those carrying the MSTN gene, implying the Booroola prolificacy gene had no significant impact on survival outcomes. However, the occurrence of multiple births had a significant negative impact on lamb survival (P < 0.0001). The PBC1 sheep strains, specifically Texel Tamlet ram strains carrying the MSTN mutation, exhibited superior growth rates compared to others (P < 0.05). Interestingly, the MSTN mutation in the homozygous variant genotype significantly impacts growth rate before weaning compared to other genotypes and pure Moghani sheep (P < 0.05). In conclusion, this study objectively underscores the pivotal role of genetic factors, specifically through strategic mating systems like paternal backcrossing, in enhancing desired traits and growth rates in Moghani sheep, thereby contributing valuable insights to the field of sheep breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Talebi
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohsen Mardi
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Mehrshad Zeinalabedini
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Mehrbano Kazemi Alamouti
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Stéphane Fabre
- GenPhySE, INRAE, ENVT, Université de Toulouse, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Mohammad Reza Ghaffari
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
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Guo R, Wang H, Meng C, Gui H, Li Y, Chen F, Zhang C, Zhang H, Ding Q, Zhang J, Zhang J, Qian Y, Zhong J, Cao S. Efficient and Specific Generation of MSTN-Edited Hu Sheep Using C-CRISPR. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1216. [PMID: 37372396 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hu sheep, an indigenous breed in China known for its high fecundity, are being studied to improve their growth and carcass traits. MSTN is a negative regulator of muscle development, and its inactivation results in muscularity. The C-CRISPR system, utilizing multiple neighboring sgRNAs targeting a key exon, has been successfully used to generate genes for complete knockout (KO) monkeys and mice in one step. In this study, the C-CRISPR system was used to generate MSTN-edited Hu sheep; 70 embryos injected with Cas9 mRNA and four sgRNAs targeting exon 3 of sheep MSTN were transferred to 13 recipients. Out of 10 lambs born from five recipients after full-term pregnancies, nine had complete MSTN KO with various mutations. No off-target effects were found. These MSTN-KO Hu sheep showed a double-muscled (DM) phenotype, characterized by a higher body weight at 3 and 4 months old, prominent muscular protrusion, clearly visible intermuscular groves, and muscle hypertrophy. The molecular analysis indicated enhanced AKT and suppressed ERK1/2 signaling in the gluteus muscle of the edited Hu sheep. In conclusion, MSTN complete KO Hu sheep with a DM phenotype were efficiently and specifically generated using C-CRISPR, and the C-CRISPR method is a promising tool for farm animal breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rihong Guo
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Precision Animal Breeding, Nanjing 210014, China
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Huili Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Precision Animal Breeding, Nanjing 210014, China
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Chunhua Meng
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Precision Animal Breeding, Nanjing 210014, China
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Hongbing Gui
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Precision Animal Breeding, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yinxia Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Precision Animal Breeding, Nanjing 210014, China
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Precision Animal Breeding, Nanjing 210014, China
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Chenjian Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Precision Animal Breeding, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Precision Animal Breeding, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Qiang Ding
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Precision Animal Breeding, Nanjing 210014, China
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jianli Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Precision Animal Breeding, Nanjing 210014, China
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Precision Animal Breeding, Nanjing 210014, China
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yong Qian
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Precision Animal Breeding, Nanjing 210014, China
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jifeng Zhong
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Precision Animal Breeding, Nanjing 210014, China
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Shaoxian Cao
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Precision Animal Breeding, Nanjing 210014, China
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop and Animal Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China
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Zhang D, Tao J, Zhang X, Ma X, Li C, Li H, Li W, Chen J, Liu H. Novel Pro-myogenic Factor Neoruscogenin Induces Muscle Fiber Hypertrophy by Inhibiting MSTN Maturation and Activating the Akt/mTOR Pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:499-511. [PMID: 36563293 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Neoruscogenin is a plant-origin sapogenin that has the potential to modulate muscle growth among the small-molecule compounds that we previously predicted by artificial intelligence to target myostatin (MSTN). This study aimed to elucidate the biological role of neoruscogenin on muscle growth and its relationship with MSTN. Using molecular biological techniques, we found that neoruscogenin inhibited MSTN maturation, thereby repressing its signal transduction; further facilitated protein synthesis metabolism and reduced protein degradation metabolism, ultimately promoting the differentiation of myoblasts and hypertrophy of muscle fibers; and had the effect of repairing muscle injury. This study enriched the biological functions of neoruscogenin and provided a theoretical basis for the treatment of human myopathy and its application in the livestock industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingding Zhang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jingli Tao
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiangfei Ma
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chengyu Li
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hongmin Li
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Weijian Li
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Honglin Liu
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Ryan CA, Purfield DC, Naderi S, Berry DP. Associations between polymorphisms in the myostatin gene with calving difficulty and carcass merit in cattle. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad371. [PMID: 37935361 PMCID: PMC10684047 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A fully functional myostatin gene inhibits muscle fiber growth. The objective of the present study was to quantify the association between 21 known myostatin mutations with both calving and carcass traits in 12 cattle breeds. The myostatin genotypes of 32,770 dam-progeny combinations were used in the association analysis of calving dystocia, with the genotypes of 129,803 animals used in the mixed model association analyses of carcass weight, conformation, and fat score. The mixed model included additive genetic, maternal, and permanent environmental effects where appropriate. The mutant genotypes of nt821, Q204X, and F94L were all associated (P < 0.01) with more calving difficulty when present in either the dam or the progeny. The nt821 deletion had the greatest association with calving difficulty when the homozygous deletion was present in either the calf (0.37 points greater calving difficulty score relative to calves carrying no copies of the deletion based on a one to four scale) or the dam (1.30 points greater calving difficulty score relative to dams carrying no copies of the deletion), although the association between the calf's nt821 genotype and calving difficulty differed depending on the nt821 genotype of the dam. With the exception of nt748_78, nt414, and nt374_51, all other seven segregating myostatin variants were associated (range of allele substitution effect size relative to animals with no copies of the mutant allele) with carcass weight (2.36 kg lighter to 15.56 kg heavier), all 10 segregating variants with conformation (0.15 units less conformed to 2.24 units more conformed assessed on a scale of 1 to 15), and all segregating variants other than E226X with carcass fat (0.23 units less carcass fat cover to 3.85 units more carcass fat cover assessed on a scale of 1 to 15). Of these, the F94L, Q204X, and nt821 mutations generally had the greatest association with all three carcass traits, giving rise to heavier and more conformed carcasses. Despite the antagonistic genetic relationship between calving difficulty and carcass traits, the nt374_51, F94L, and E226X mutations were all associated with improved carcass merit while having minimal expected consequences on calving difficulty. Thus, animals carrying these mutation(s) may have favorable genetic merit for calving difficulty and carcass merit. Furthermore, depending on the dam genotype, a bull with two copies of the nt821 mutation can produce progeny with improved carcass merit while minimizing calving problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cliona A Ryan
- Department of Animal Bioscience, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Bishopstown, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Deirdre C Purfield
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Bishopstown, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Saeid Naderi
- Irish Cattle Breeding Federation, Bandon, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Donagh P Berry
- Department of Animal Bioscience, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
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Dakhlan A, Bayu Putra WP, Santosa PE, Kurniawati D. Novel Polymorphisms in Caprine Myostatin Gene and its Relationship with Growth Traits in Saburai Does ( Capra hircus). Pak J Biol Sci 2023; 26:380-385. [PMID: 37902079 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2023.380.385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
<b>Background and Objective:</b> Saburai goat (<i>Capra hircus</i>) is a crossbred goat from Boer buck (75%) and Ettawa doe (25%) for meat production purposes. This study was carried out to detect the mutation points or Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in the myostatin (<i>MSTN</i>) gene of Saburai with the forward sequencing method. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> A total of twenty-one blood samples of Saburai does (75% Boer, 25% Ettawa) were collected from the Villager Breeder Center (VBC) at Tanggamus Regency of Lampung Province, Indonesia. The DNA analysis consists of DNA isolation, PCR analysis and sequencing analysis. The record data were used for association study with the mathematical model: Y<sub>ij</sub> = μ+G<sub>i</sub>+Є<sub>ij</sub>. <b>Results:</b> Research showed that one common SNP of g.217_218.indel.TTTTA (5'UTR) and three novel SNPs of c.386G>C (exon 1), g.641_642.indel.T (intron 2) and c.4957G>C (exon 3) were detected in the present study. In this study, a novel SNP on exon 1 and intron 2 of Saburai <i>MSTN</i> gene has a moderate PIC value (>0.30). In addition, a novel SNP on exon 1 and exon 3 of the Saburai <i>MSTN</i> gene was detected as a missense mutation of A55P and A43P, respectively. Goats with the heterozygous genotype have higher growth traits compared to goats with the homozygous genotype. <b>Conclusion:</b> The goats with heterozygous genotypes can be further developed to increase the productivity of Saburai goats.
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MSTN Regulatory Network in Mongolian Horse Muscle Satellite Cells Revealed with miRNA Interference Technologies. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13101836. [PMID: 36292721 PMCID: PMC9601437 DOI: 10.3390/genes13101836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Myostatin (MSTN), a member of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily, inhibits the activation of muscle satellite cells. However, the role and regulatory network of MSTN in equine muscle cells are not well understood yet. We discovered that MSTN knockdown significantly reduces the proliferation rate of equine muscle satellite cells. In addition, after the RNA sequencing of equine satellite cells transfected with MSTN-interference plasmid and control plasmid, an analysis of the differentially expressed genes was carried out. It was revealed that MSTN regulatory networks mainly involve genes related to muscle function and cell-cycle regulation, and signaling pathways, such as Notch, MAPK, and WNT. Subsequent real-time PCR in equine satellite cells and immunohistochemistry on newborn and adult muscle also verified the MSTN regulatory network found in RNA sequencing analysis. The results of this study provide new insight into the regulatory mechanism of equine MSTN.
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Kalds P, Zhou S, Gao Y, Cai B, Huang S, Chen Y, Wang X. Genetics of the phenotypic evolution in sheep: a molecular look at diversity-driving genes. Genet Sel Evol 2022; 54:61. [PMID: 36085023 PMCID: PMC9463822 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-022-00753-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND After domestication, the evolution of phenotypically-varied sheep breeds has generated rich biodiversity. This wide phenotypic variation arises as a result of hidden genomic changes that range from a single nucleotide to several thousands of nucleotides. Thus, it is of interest and significance to reveal and understand the genomic changes underlying the phenotypic variation of sheep breeds in order to drive selection towards economically important traits. REVIEW Various traits contribute to the emergence of variation in sheep phenotypic characteristics, including coat color, horns, tail, wool, ears, udder, vertebrae, among others. The genes that determine most of these phenotypic traits have been investigated, which has generated knowledge regarding the genetic determinism of several agriculturally-relevant traits in sheep. In this review, we discuss the genomic knowledge that has emerged in the past few decades regarding the phenotypic traits in sheep, and our ultimate aim is to encourage its practical application in sheep breeding. In addition, in order to expand the current understanding of the sheep genome, we shed light on research gaps that require further investigation. CONCLUSIONS Although significant research efforts have been conducted in the past few decades, several aspects of the sheep genome remain unexplored. For the full utilization of the current knowledge of the sheep genome, a wide practical application is still required in order to boost sheep productive performance and contribute to the generation of improved sheep breeds. The accumulated knowledge on the sheep genome will help advance and strengthen sheep breeding programs to face future challenges in the sector, such as climate change, global human population growth, and the increasing demand for products of animal origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kalds
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 China
- Department of Animal and Poultry Production, Faculty of Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Arish University, El-Arish, 45511 Egypt
| | - Shiwei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 China
| | - Yawei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 China
| | - Bei Cai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 China
| | - Shuhong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 China
| | - Yulin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 China
- International Joint Agriculture Research Center for Animal Bio-Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, 712100 China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 China
- International Joint Agriculture Research Center for Animal Bio-Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, 712100 China
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Enhancing Animal Disease Resistance, Production Efficiency, and Welfare through Precise Genome Editing. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137331. [PMID: 35806334 PMCID: PMC9266401 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The major goal of animal breeding is the genetic enhancement of economic traits. The CRISPR/Cas system, which includes nuclease-mediated and base editor mediated genome editing tools, provides an unprecedented approach to modify the mammalian genome. Thus, farm animal genetic engineering and genetic manipulation have been fundamentally revolutionized. Agricultural animals with traits of interest can be obtained in just one generation (and without long time selection). Here, we reviewed the advancements of the CRISPR (Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/Cas (CRISPR associated proteins) genome editing tools and their applications in animal breeding, especially in improving disease resistance, production performance, and animal welfare. Additionally, we covered the regulations on genome-edited animals (GEAs) and ways to accelerate their use. Recommendations for how to produce GEAs were also discussed. Despite the current challenges, we believe that genome editing breeding and GEAs will be available in the near future.
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Sonali, Giri SK, Unnati, Nayan V, Legha RA, Pal Y, Bhardwaj A. Characterization of Partial Sequence of Myostatin Gene Exon 2 along with SNP detection in Indian Horse Breeds (Equus caballus). J Equine Vet Sci 2022; 116:104047. [PMID: 35716837 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2022.104047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
India has well documented horse and pony breeds; however, the population is well diversified in different geographical regions. The Myostatin gene is one of the most profoundly studied genetic components for the detection of SNP's for the performance analysis in horses. In the present study, the MSTN exon 2 partial cds were amplified, sequenced and characterized in about 60 samples of eight different breeds of Indian horses. The results indicated the transition of Thymine to Cytosine (T>C) as SNPs in the partial sequence of exon 2 of the MSTN gene at two different codon positions (T12C, T13C) on chromosome 18. The haplotypes and phylogeny of the MSTN gene in the selected horse population were also analyzed. The overall and singleton haplotype are two different entities, indicating the variation among breeds is unique while the gene is equally distributed throughout the population. The phylogeny suggests that all the breeds are somehow equally distributed in their specific geographical tracts. It is the first study of MSTN gene variations in Indian horse breeds, which provides insight into predicting athletic performance as well as phylogeny. This study provides useful genetic information on Indian horses that can be used to model the racing performances of the breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, 125001, Haryana, India; Department of Biotechnology (SBAS), Maharaja Agrasen University, Baddi, 174103, Solan HP, India
| | - Shiv Kumar Giri
- Department of Biotechnology (SBAS), Maharaja Agrasen University, Baddi, 174103, Solan HP, India.
| | - Unnati
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, 125001, Haryana, India
| | - Varij Nayan
- ICAR- Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, 125001, Haryana, India
| | - Ram Avatar Legha
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, 125001, Haryana, India
| | - Yash Pal
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, 125001, Haryana, India
| | - Anuradha Bhardwaj
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, 125001, Haryana, India.
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Zhou S, Kalds P, Luo Q, Sun K, Zhao X, Gao Y, Cai B, Huang S, Kou Q, Petersen B, Chen Y, Ma B, Wang X. Optimized Cas9:sgRNA delivery efficiently generates biallelic MSTN knockout sheep without affecting meat quality. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:348. [PMID: 35524183 PMCID: PMC9078021 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08594-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CRISPR/Cas9-based genome-editing systems have been used to efficiently engineer livestock species with precise genetic alterations intended for biomedical and agricultural applications. Previously, we have successfully generated gene-edited sheep and goats via one-cell-stage embryonic microinjection of a Cas9 mRNA and single-guide RNAs (sgRNAs) mixture. However, most gene-edited animals produced using this approach were heterozygotes. Additionally, non-homozygous gene-editing outcomes may not fully generate the desired phenotype in an efficient manner. RESULTS We report the optimization of a Cas9 mRNA-sgRNA delivery system to efficiently generate homozygous myostatin (MSTN) knockout sheep for improved growth and meat production. Firstly, an sgRNA selection software (sgRNAcas9) was used to preliminarily screen for highly efficient sgRNAs. Ten sgRNAs targeting the MSTN gene were selected and validated in vitro using sheep fibroblast cells. Four out of ten sgRNAs (two in exon 1 and two in exon 2) showed a targeting efficiency > 50%. To determine the optimal CRISPR/Cas9 microinjection concentration, four levels of Cas9 mRNA and three levels of sgRNAs in mixtures were injected into sheep embryos. Microinjection of 100 ng/μL Cas9 mRNA and 200 ng/μL sgRNAs resulted in the most improved targeting efficiency. Additionally, using both the highly efficient sgRNAs and the optimal microinjection concentration, MSTN-knockout sheep were generated with approximately 50% targeting efficiency, reaching a homozygous knockout efficiency of 25%. Growth rate and meat quality of MSTN-edited lambs were also investigated. MSTN-knockout lambs exhibited increased body weight and average daily gain. Moreover, pH, drip loss, intramuscular fat, crude protein, and shear force of gluteal muscles of MSTN-knockout lambs did not show changes compared to the wild-type lambs. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the importance of in vitro evaluation for the optimization of sgRNAs and microinjection dosage of gene editing reagents. This approach enabled efficient engineering of homozygous knockout sheep. Additionally, this study confirms that MSTN-knockout lambs does not negatively impact meat quality, thus supporting the adoption of gene editing as tool to improve productivity of farm animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Peter Kalds
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Department of Animal and Poultry Production, Faculty of Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Arish University, El-Arish, Egypt
| | - Qi Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Kexin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiaoe Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yawei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Bei Cai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Shuhong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Qifang Kou
- Ningxia Tianyuan Tan Sheep Farm, Hongsibu, China
| | - Bjoern Petersen
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Neustadt, Germany
| | - Yulin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Baohua Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Ali A, Javed K, Zahoor I, Anjum KM, Sharif N. Identification of polymorphisms in the MSTN and ADRB3 genes associated with growth and ultrasound carcass traits in Kajli sheep. Anim Biotechnol 2021:1-16. [PMID: 34775903 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2021.2000428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this investigation was to find single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the myostatin (MSTN) and the beta-3 adrenergic receptor (ADRB3) genes associated with growth and ultrasound carcass traits in Kajli sheep. The five growth traits were birth weight (BWT-EBV), 120-day weight (120DWT-EBV), 180-day weight (180DWT-EBV), 270-day weight (270DWT-EBV), and 365-day weight (365DWT-EBV). The three ultrasound carcass traits were width (WLD) and depth of longissimus dorsi (DLD) and back fat thickness (BFT). The analysis of the MSTN sequence revealed one non-synonymous substitution (c.197T > A) in exon 1, one single nucleotide substitution (c.373 + 18G > T) in intron 1, and one synonymous substitution (c.861T > A) in exon 3. However, there were four single nucleotide synonymous substitutions (c.130C > T, c.294C > G, c.579G > T, and c.654C > G) in exon 1 of the ADRB3 gene. All the SNPs in the MSTN gene, except for c.373 + 18G > T, were in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE). Conversely, none of the SNPs found in ADRB3 were in HWE. Two of the MSTN SNPs (c.197T > A and c.373 + 18G > T) had significant associations with all evaluated growth and ultrasound carcass traits. The SNPs c.130C > T and c.294C > G in ADRB3 were significantly associated with 180DWT-EBV. Collectively, these findings indicate that several SNPs in the studied genes were significantly related to growth and carcass traits in Kajli sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asad Ali
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Javed
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Imran Zahoor
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mahmood Anjum
- Department of Wildlife & Ecology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Numan Sharif
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
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Fan Z, Mu Y, Sonstegard T, Zhai X, Li K, Hackett PB, Zhu Z. Social acceptance for commercialization of genetically modified food animals. Natl Sci Rev 2021; 8:nwab067. [PMID: 34691713 PMCID: PMC8363318 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwab067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyao Fan
- Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
| | - Yulian Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
| | | | - Xiaomei Zhai
- Center for Bioethics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Kui Li
- Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
| | - Perry B Hackett
- Center for Genome Engineering, Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, USA
| | - Zuoyan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
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14
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Perisse IV, Fan Z, Singina GN, White KL, Polejaeva IA. Improvements in Gene Editing Technology Boost Its Applications in Livestock. Front Genet 2021; 11:614688. [PMID: 33603767 PMCID: PMC7885404 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.614688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Accelerated development of novel CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing techniques provides a feasible approach to introduce a variety of precise modifications in the mammalian genome, including introduction of multiple edits simultaneously, efficient insertion of long DNA sequences into specific targeted loci as well as performing nucleotide transitions and transversions. Thus, the CRISPR/Cas9 tool has become the method of choice for introducing genome alterations in livestock species. The list of new CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing tools is constantly expanding. Here, we discuss the methods developed to improve efficiency and specificity of gene editing tools as well as approaches that can be employed for gene regulation, base editing, and epigenetic modifications. Additionally, advantages and disadvantages of two primary methods used for the production of gene-edited farm animals: somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT or cloning) and zygote manipulations will be discussed. Furthermore, we will review agricultural and biomedical applications of gene editing technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iuri Viotti Perisse
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
| | - Zhiqiang Fan
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
| | - Galina N. Singina
- L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Podolsk, Russia
| | - Kenneth L. White
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
| | - Irina A. Polejaeva
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
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15
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Sousa-Junior LPB, Meira AN, Azevedo HC, Muniz EN, Coutinho LL, Mourão GB, Leão AG, Pedrosa VB, Pinto LFB. Variants in myostatin and MyoD family genes are associated with meat quality traits in Santa Inês sheep. Anim Biotechnol 2020; 33:201-213. [PMID: 32633608 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2020.1781651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Myostatin and MyoD family genes play vital roles in myogenesis and this study aimed to identify association of variants in MyoD1, MyoG, MyF5, MyF6, and MSTN genes with meat traits in Santa Inês sheep. A dataset with 44 variants and records of seven meat traits in 192 lambs (pH0, pH24, a*, b*, L*, tenderness assessed by shear force, and water-holding capacity) was used. Single-locus and haplotype association analyses were performed, and the significance threshold was established according to Bonferroni's method. Single-locus analysis revealed two associations at a Bonferroni level, where the variant c.935-185C > G in MyoD1 had an additive effect (-4.31 ± 1.08 N) on tenderness, while the variant c.464 + 185G > A in MyoG had an additive effect (-2.86 ± 0.64) on a*. Additionally, the haplotype replacement GT>AC in MSTN was associated with pH0 (1.26 ± 0.31), pH24 (1.07 ± 0.27), a* (-1.40 ± 0.51), and tenderness (3.83 ± 1.22 N), while the replacement GT > AG in MyoD1 was associated with pH0 (1.43 ± 0.26), pH24 (1.25 ± 0.22), b* (-1.06 ± 0.39), and tenderness (-4.13 ± 1.16 N). Our results have demonstrated that some variants in MyoG, MyF6, MyoD1, and MSTN can be associated with physicochemical meat traits in Santa Inês sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - André Gustavo Leão
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Tecnológicas, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Rondonópolis, MT, Brazil
| | - Victor Breno Pedrosa
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
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16
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Fadhil M, Zülkadir U. Association between polymorphisms of Myf5, MSTN and CAST genes and fattening performance in Brown Swiss and Holstein cattle breeds. Anim Biotechnol 2020; 32:121-129. [PMID: 32564663 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2020.1781148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This study determined the association between Myf5, CAST and MSTN genes and fattening performance traits in 228 (Holstein = 103 and Brown = 125) cattle breeds. Classification and regression tree (CART) was used to determine association between genes and fattening performance. The allele frequencies of Holstein cattle in terms of Myf5, CAST and MSTN genes were A:0.30, B:0.70; A:0.43, G:0.56; A:0.97, B:0.03, respectively, whereas in the Brown Swiss cattle were A:0.36, B:0.64; A:0.65, G:0.34; A:0.88, B:0.12 respectively. The Myf5, CAST, and MSTN genes were found to be in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p > 0.05) in both of the cattle breeds. As a result, the association between Myf5, CAST and MSTN genes and fattening performance traits were found to be significant according to CART analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan Fadhil
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Selcuk, Konya, Turkey
| | - Uğur Zülkadir
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Selcuk, Konya, Turkey
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17
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Effects of Intronic SNPs in the Myostatin Gene on Growth and Carcass Traits in Colored Polish Merino Sheep. Genes (Basel) 2019; 11:genes11010002. [PMID: 31861472 PMCID: PMC7016813 DOI: 10.3390/genes11010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Myostatin acts as a negative regulator of muscle growth; therefore, its role is important with regard to animal growth and meat production. This study was undertaken with the objective to detect polymorphisms in the first intron and c.*1232 position of the MSTN gene and to analyze effects of the detected alleles/genotypes on growth and carcass traits in Colored Polish Merino sheep. In total, 23 traits were analyzed, i.e., seven describing lamb growth and 16 carcass traits. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the first intron and the c.*1232 position were identified using polymerase chain reaction single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) methods, respectively. The MIXED procedure of the SAS software package was used to analyze allelic and genotypic effects of the MSTN gene on growth and carcass traits. Polymorphisms were only detected in the first intron of the MSTN gene. All investigated sheep were monomorphic G in the c.*1232 position. The MSTN genotype was found to have significant effect on body weight at 2nd day of life (BW2) and loin and fore shank weights. Significant allelic effects were detected with respect to BW2, scrag, leg, fore, and hind shank weights. These results suggest that polymorphisms in the first intron of the MSTN gene are relevant with respect to several carcass traits and BW2 in Colored Polish Merino sheep.
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18
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Kolenda M, Grochowska E, Milewski S, Mroczkowski S. The association between the polymorphism in the myostatin gene and growth traits in Kamieniec and Pomeranian sheep breeds. Small Rumin Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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'Double-muscling' and pelvic tilt phenomena in rabbits with the cystine-knot motif deficiency of myostatin on exon 3. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20190207. [PMID: 31072915 PMCID: PMC6527932 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20190207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene mutations at different gene sites will produce totally different phenotypes or biological functions in gene-edited animals. An allelic series of mutations in the myostatin (MSTN) gene can cause the ‘double-muscling’ phenotype. Although there have been many studies performed on MSTN-mutant animals, there have been few studies that have investigated the cystine-knot motif in exon 3 of MSTN in rabbits. In the current study, CRISPR/Cas9 sgRNA anchored exon 3 of a rabbit’s MSTN was used to disrupt the cystine-knot motif to change the MSTN construction and cause a loss of its function. Eleven MSTN-KO founder rabbits were generated, and all of them contained biallelic modifications. Various mutational MSTN amino acid sequences of the 11 founder rabbits were modeled to the tertiary structure using the SWISS-MODEL, and the results showed that the structure of the cystine-knot motif of each protein in the founder rabbits differed from the wild-type (WT). The MSTN-KO rabbits displayed an obvious ‘double-muscling’ phenomena, with a 20−30% increase in body weight compared with WT rabbits. In the MSTN-KO rabbits, all of the MSTN−/− rabbits showed teeth dislocation and tongue enlargement, and the percentage of rabbits having pelvic tilt was 0% in MSTN+/+, 0% in MSTN+/−, 77.78% in female MSTN−/− rabbits, and 37.50% in male MSTN−/− rabbits. The biomechanical mechanism of pelvic tilt and teeth dislocation in the MSTN-KO rabbits requires further investigation. These newly generated MSTN-KO rabbits will serve as an important animal model, not only for studying skeletal muscle development, but also for biomedical studies in pelvic tilt correction and craniofacial research.
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20
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Genotypic and allelic effects of the myostatin gene (MSTN) on carcass, meat quality, and biometric traits in Colored Polish Merino sheep. Meat Sci 2018; 151:4-17. [PMID: 30658164 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify polymorphisms in the first intron and c.*1232G>A position of the MSTN gene and analyze associations between the detected alleles/genotypes and carcass, meat quality, and biometric traits in Colored Polish Merino sheep. We analyzed 44 traits using the MIXED procedure of the SAS software. Five alleles (MSTN-A, MSTN-B, MSTN-C, MSTN-E and MSTN-E1) were detected. Significant genotypic effects were detected with regard to chest depth (live lamb) and fat depth over ribs, drip loss, subjective meat flavor and color, whereas significant allelic effects were found for chest depth (live lamb), pre-slaughter weight, hot carcass weight, cold carcass dressing out, leg depth (carcass), eye of loin width and area, intramuscular fat (IMF) content, water-holding capacity, and subjective meat tenderness, flavor and color. The results suggest MSTN gene polymorphisms may be considered a genetic marker of carcass quality, meat quality, and biometric traits in sheep.
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Aiello D, Patel K, Lasagna E. Themyostatingene: an overview of mechanisms of action and its relevance to livestock animals. Anim Genet 2018; 49:505-519. [DOI: 10.1111/age.12696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Aiello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali; Università degli Studi di Perugia; Borgo XX Giugno 74 06121 Perugia Italy
| | - K. Patel
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Reading; Berkshire RG6 6UB UK
| | - E. Lasagna
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali; Università degli Studi di Perugia; Borgo XX Giugno 74 06121 Perugia Italy
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22
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El-Sabrout K, Aggag S. Association of Melanocortin (MC4R) and Myostatin (MSTN) genes with carcass quality in rabbit. Meat Sci 2018; 137:67-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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23
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Comparison of the myostatin (MSTN) gene in Russian Stavropol Merino sheep and New Zealand Merino sheep. Small Rumin Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Abdel-Aziem SH, Mahrous KF, Abd El-Hafez MAM, Abdel Mordy M. Genetic variability of myostatin and prolactin genes in popular goat breeds in Egypt. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2017; 16:89-97. [PMID: 30647710 PMCID: PMC6296629 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The genetic polymorphisms of two functional genes named: myostatin (MSTN) and prolactin (PRL) were investigated in three goat breeds (Barki, Damascus and Zaraibi) using Sanger nucleotide sequence and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) methods, in order to differentiate between these breeds. Nucleotide sequencing of 337 bp MSTN gene detected five SNPs in Barki breed, two SNPs in Damascus breed, while the Zaraibi breed did not show any SNPs. Moreover, MSTN-HaeIII/PCR-RFLP gave a single Genotype BB was found in all the studied breeds. Meanwhile, Nucleotide sequencing of 196 bp PRL gene showed two SNPs in Damascus breed, one SNPs in Zaraibi breed, while the Barki breed did not show any SNPs. Moreover, PRL-Eco24I/PCR-RFLP showed three genotypes (AA, AB and BB). The genotype AB showed the maximum frequency in all the studied breeds (0.75, 0.85, and 0.90 for Damascus, Barki and Zaraibi breeds, respectively). Observed heterozygosity (Ho) value was higher than expected heterozygosity (He) value all studied breeds. In addition, the values of both Ho and He were the highest in Zaraibi breed (0.90 and 0.51 respectively). Chi-square (χ2) value revealed a significant variation Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P < .05) in the three studied breeds. It is the highest in Zaraibi goats and lowest in Damascus breed. The results demonstrated that the PRL-Eco24I/PCR-RFLP polymorphism may be utilized as effective marker for genetic differentiation between goat breeds, but MSTN-HaeIII/PCR-RFLP revealed no polymorphism or variation, thus it is not recommended in the selection program. Moreover, these results open up interesting prospects for future selection programs, especially marker assisted selection. In addition, the results established that PCR-RFLP method is a suitable tool for calculating genetic variability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - K F Mahrous
- Department of Cell Biology, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - M A M Abd El-Hafez
- Department of Cell Biology, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - M Abdel Mordy
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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25
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Chen PR, Lee K. INVITED REVIEW: Inhibitors of myostatin as methods of enhancing muscle growth and development. J Anim Sci 2017; 94:3125-3134. [PMID: 27695802 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016-0532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
With the increasing demand for affordable, high-quality meat, livestock and poultry producers must continually find ways to maximize muscle growth in their animals without compromising palatability of the meat products. Muscle mass relies on myoblast proliferation during prenatal or prehatch stages and fiber hypertrophy through protein synthesis and nuclei donation by satellite cells after birth or hatch. Therefore, understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of myogenesis and muscle development is of great interest. Myostatin is a well-known negative regulator of muscle growth and development that inhibits proliferation and differentiation in myogenic cells as well as protein synthesis in existing muscle fibers. In this review, various inhibitors of myostatin activity or signaling are examined that may be used in animal agriculture for enhancing muscle growth. Myostatin inhibitors are relevant as potential therapies for muscle-wasting diseases and muscle weakness in humans and animals. Currently, there are no commercial myostatin inhibitors for agriculture or biomedical purposes because the safest and most effective option has yet to be identified. Further investigation of myostatin inhibitors and administration strategies may revolutionize animal production and the medical field.
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Serpa PBS, Garbade P, Natalini CC, Pires AR, Tisotti TM. High-resolution melting analysis for detection of a single-nucleotide polymorphism and the genotype of the myostatin gene in warmblood horses. Am J Vet Res 2017; 78:63-68. [PMID: 28029290 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.78.1.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop a high-resolution melting (HRM) assay to detect the g.66493737C>T polymorphism in the myostatin gene (MSTN) and determine the frequency of 3 previously defined g.66493737 genotypes (T/T, T/C, and C/C) in warmblood horses. SAMPLES Blood samples from 23 horses. PROCEDURES From each blood sample, DNA was extracted and analyzed by standard PCR methods and an HRM assay to determine the MSTN genotype. Three protocols (standard protocol, protocol in which a high-salt solution was added to the reaction mixture before the first melting cycle, and protocol in which an unlabeled probe was added to the reaction mixture before analysis) for the HRM assay were designed and compared. Genotype results determined by the HRM protocol that generated the most consistent melting curves were compared with those determined by sequencing. RESULTS The HRM protocol in which an unlabeled probe was added to the reaction mixture generated the most consistent melting curves. The genotypes of the g.66493737C>T polymorphism were determined for 22 horses (16 by HRM analysis and 20 by sequencing); 14, 7, and 1 had the T/T, T/C, and C/C genotypes, respectively. The genotype determined by HRM analysis agreed with that determined by sequencing for 14 of 16 horses. The frequency of alleles T and C was 79.5% and 20.5%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that HRM analysis may be a faster and more economical alternative than PCR methods for genotyping. Genotyping results might be useful as predictors of athletic performance for horses.
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Molecular characterization, expression analysis of the myostatin gene and its association with growth traits in sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 201:12-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Revised: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Trukhachev V, Skripkin V, Kvochko A, Kulichenko A, Kovalev D, Pisarenko S, Volynkina A, Selionova M, Aybazov M, Golovanova N, Yatsyk O, Krivoruchko A. Associations Between Newly Discovered Polymorphisms of the CEBPD GENE LOCUS and Body Parameters in Sheep. Anim Biotechnol 2016; 27:217-22. [PMID: 27565864 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2016.1168304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
An understanding of what effects particular genes can have on body parameters in productive animals is particularly significant for the process of marker-assisted selection. The gene of transcriptional factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein delta (CEBPD gene) is involved in the process of growth in animals and is known to be a promising candidate for use as a genomic marker. The structure of the CEBPD gene locus was determined using NimbleGen sequencing technology (Roche, USA). The effect of polymorphisms, which were identified using the aforementioned technology, was investigated in 30 rams of the Manych Merino sheep breed. Twenty-two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were detected in the CEBPD gene locus. Significantly, two SNPs, namely, g.315T>G and g.327C>T, have been identified for the first time. It was demonstrated that the complex of linked SNPs, consisting of g.301A>T, g.426T>C, and g.1226T>C, had a negligible effect on body parameters in Manych Merino sheep. Animals with the heterozygous type of SNP g.1142C>T exhibited changes solely in the chest and croup width. The newly discovered SNP g.327C>T was proven to have a negative effect on live weight and body size (p < 0.05) in Manych Merino sheep. Sheep with the heterozygous type of g.562G>A and g.3112C>G SNP complex showed an increase in live weight and dimensions (p < 0.05) compared with those of wild homozygous type. Consequently, SNPs g.327C>T, g.562G>A, and g.3112C>G in the CEBPD gene locus can be successfully used as markers in sheep breeding. Future research will evaluate the influence of the aforementioned SNPs on slaughter indicators for sheep meat production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Trukhachev
- a Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Stavropol State Agrarian University , Stavropol , Russian Federation
| | - Valentin Skripkin
- a Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Stavropol State Agrarian University , Stavropol , Russian Federation
| | - Andrey Kvochko
- a Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Stavropol State Agrarian University , Stavropol , Russian Federation
| | | | - Dmitry Kovalev
- b Stavropol Research Anti-plague Institute , Stavropol , Russian Federation
| | - Sergey Pisarenko
- b Stavropol Research Anti-plague Institute , Stavropol , Russian Federation
| | - Anna Volynkina
- b Stavropol Research Anti-plague Institute , Stavropol , Russian Federation
| | - Marina Selionova
- c All-Russian Research Institute Of Sheep and Goat Breeding , Stavropol , Russian Federation
| | - Magomet Aybazov
- c All-Russian Research Institute Of Sheep and Goat Breeding , Stavropol , Russian Federation
| | - Natalia Golovanova
- a Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Stavropol State Agrarian University , Stavropol , Russian Federation
| | - Olesya Yatsyk
- a Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Stavropol State Agrarian University , Stavropol , Russian Federation
| | - Alexander Krivoruchko
- a Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Stavropol State Agrarian University , Stavropol , Russian Federation
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Wang X, Niu Y, Zhou J, Yu H, Kou Q, Lei A, Zhao X, Yan H, Cai B, Shen Q, Zhou S, Zhu H, Zhou G, Niu W, Hua J, Jiang Y, Huang X, Ma B, Chen Y. Multiplex gene editing via CRISPR/Cas9 exhibits desirable muscle hypertrophy without detectable off-target effects in sheep. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32271. [PMID: 27562433 PMCID: PMC4999810 DOI: 10.1038/srep32271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The CRISPR/Cas9 system provides a flexible approach for genome engineering of genetic loci. Here, we successfully achieved precise gene targeting in sheep by co-injecting one-cell-stage embryos with Cas9 mRNA and RNA guides targeting three genes (MSTN, ASIP, and BCO2). We carefully examined the sgRNAs:Cas9-mediated targeting effects in injected embryos, somatic tissues, as well as gonads via cloning and sequencing. The targeting efficiencies in these three genes were within the range of 27–33% in generated lambs, and that of simultaneously targeting the three genes was 5.6%, which demonstrated that micro-injection of zygotes is an efficient approach for generating gene-modified sheep. Interestingly, we observed that disruption of the MSTN gene resulted in the desired muscle hypertrophy that is characterized by enlarged myofibers, thereby providing the first detailed evidence supporting that gene modifications had occurred at both the genetic and morphological levels. In addition, prescreening for the off-target effect of sgRNAs was performed on fibroblasts before microinjection, to ensure that no detectable off-target mutations from founder animals existed. Our findings suggested that the CRISPR/Cas9 method can be exploited as a powerful tool for livestock improvement by simultaneously targeting multiple genes that are responsible for economically significant traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yiyuan Niu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jiankui Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice, Nanjing 210061, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Honghao Yu
- College of Life Science, Yulin University, Yulin 719000, China
| | - Qifang Kou
- Ningxia Tianyuan Sheep Farm, Hongsibu, 751999, China
| | - Anmin Lei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xiaoe Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Hailong Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.,College of Life Science, Yulin University, Yulin 719000, China
| | - Bei Cai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Qiaoyan Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Shiwei Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Haijing Zhu
- College of Life Science, Yulin University, Yulin 719000, China
| | - Guangxian Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Wenzhi Niu
- Ningxia Tianyuan Sheep Farm, Hongsibu, 751999, China
| | - Jinlian Hua
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xingxu Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice, Nanjing 210061, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Baohua Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yulin Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
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Khichar JP, Gahlot GC, Agrawal VK, Kiran, Dewna AS, Prakash, Ashraf M. Molecular characterization of exon 3 of caprine myostatin gene in Marwari goat. Vet World 2016; 9:676-9. [PMID: 27397994 PMCID: PMC4937062 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2016.676-679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To estimate genetic variability in exon 3 of caprine myostatin gene in Marwari goats. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 120 blood samples from unrelated Marwari goats were randomly collected from different villages of Bikaner (Rajasthan), India. Genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood using blood DNA isolation kit (Himedia Ltd.) as per manufacturer's protocol. The quality of extracted genomic DNA was checked on 0.8% agarose gel. Specifically designed a primer set for caprine myostatin (MSTN) gene (Genebank accession no. DQ167575) was used to amplify the exon 3 region of MSTN gene in Marwari goat. The genetic variability in exon 3 of MSTN gene in Marwari goat was assessed on 8% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to detect single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) pattern. RESULTS The exon 3 of MSTN gene in Marwari goat showed two types of conformation patterns on 8% polyacrylamide gel. One of the patterns showed only two bands and was considered as genotype AA, whereas another pattern having an extra band was designated as genotype AB. The frequencies of AA and AB genotype for exon 3 region of MSTN gene were calculated as 0.90 and 0.10, respectively. CONCLUSION Low level of polymorphism was observed at exon 3 region of MSTN gene in Marwari goat through SSCP analysis. This information could be utilized in future breeding plan to exploit the unique characteristics of Marwari goat of Rajasthan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jai Prakash Khichar
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Veterinary & Animal Science, Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Science, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
| | - Gyan Chand Gahlot
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Veterinary & Animal Science, Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Science, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Agrawal
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Veterinary & Animal Science, Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Science, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
| | - Kiran
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ethics and Jurisprudence, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ajay Singh Dewna
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Veterinary & Animal Science, Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Science, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
| | - Prakash
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Veterinary & Animal Science, Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Science, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mohammad Ashraf
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Veterinary & Animal Science, Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Science, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
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Zhang X, Wang L, Wu Y, Li W, An J, Zhang F, Liu M. Knockout of Myostatin by Zinc-finger Nuclease in Sheep Fibroblasts and Embryos. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2016; 29:1500-7. [PMID: 27189642 PMCID: PMC5003977 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.16.0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Myostatin (MSTN) can negatively regulate the growth and development of skeletal muscle, and natural mutations can cause "double-muscling" trait in animals. In order to block the inhibiting effect of MSTN on muscle growth, we transferred zinc-finger nucleases (ZFN) which targeted sheep MSTN gene into cultured fibroblasts. Gene targeted colonies were isolated from transfected fibroblasts by serial dilution culture and screened by sequencing. Two colonies were identified with mono-allele mutation and one colony with bi-allelic deletion. Further, we introduced the MSTN-ZFN mRNA into sheep embryos by microinjection. Thirteen of thirty-seven parthenogenetic embryos were targeted by ZFN, with the efficiency of 35%. Our work established the technical foundation for generation of MSTN gene editing sheep by somatic cloning and microinjection ZFN into embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Zhang
- Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830046, China.,Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Grass-Feeding Animal, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of Xinjiang, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830026, China.,Institute of animal biotechnology, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830026, China
| | - Liqin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Grass-Feeding Animal, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of Xinjiang, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830026, China.,Institute of animal biotechnology, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830026, China
| | - Yangsheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Grass-Feeding Animal, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of Xinjiang, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830026, China.,Institute of animal biotechnology, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830026, China
| | - Wenrong Li
- Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830046, China.,Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Grass-Feeding Animal, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of Xinjiang, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830026, China.,Institute of animal biotechnology, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830026, China
| | - Jing An
- Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Grass-Feeding Animal, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of Xinjiang, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830026, China.,Institute of animal biotechnology, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830026, China
| | - Fuchun Zhang
- Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830046, China
| | - Mingjun Liu
- Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830046, China.,Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Grass-Feeding Animal, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of Xinjiang, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830026, China.,Institute of animal biotechnology, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830026, China
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33
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Pothuraju M, Mishra SK, Kumar SN, Mohamed NF, Kataria RS, Yadav DK, Arora R. Polymorphism in the coding region sequence of GDF8 Gene in Indian Sheep. RUSS J GENET+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795415110149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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34
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Latres E, Pangilinan J, Miloscio L, Bauerlein R, Na E, Potocky TB, Huang Y, Eckersdorff M, Rafique A, Mastaitis J, Lin C, Murphy AJ, Yancopoulos GD, Gromada J, Stitt T. Myostatin blockade with a fully human monoclonal antibody induces muscle hypertrophy and reverses muscle atrophy in young and aged mice. Skelet Muscle 2015; 5:34. [PMID: 26457176 PMCID: PMC4600334 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-015-0060-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Loss of skeletal muscle mass and function in humans is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The role of myostatin as a key negative regulator of skeletal muscle mass and function has supported the concept that inactivation of myostatin could be a useful approach for treating muscle wasting diseases. Methods We generated a myostatin monoclonal blocking antibody (REGN1033) and characterized its effects in vitro using surface plasmon resonance biacore and cell-based Smad2/3 signaling assays. REGN1033 was tested in mice for the ability to induce skeletal muscle hypertrophy and prevent atrophy induced by immobilization, hindlimb suspension, or dexamethasone. The effect of REGN1033 on exercise training was tested in aged mice. Messenger RNA sequencing, immunohistochemistry, and ex vivo force measurements were performed on skeletal muscle samples from REGN1033-treated mice. Results The human monoclonal antibody REGN1033 is a specific and potent myostatin antagonist. Chronic treatment of mice with REGN1033 increased muscle fiber size, muscle mass, and force production. REGN1033 prevented the loss of muscle mass induced by immobilization, glucocorticoid treatment, or hindlimb unweighting and increased the gain of muscle mass during recovery from pre-existing atrophy. In aged mice, REGN1033 increased muscle mass and strength and improved physical performance during treadmill exercise. Conclusions We show that specific myostatin antagonism with the human antibody REGN1033 enhanced muscle mass and function in young and aged mice and had beneficial effects in models of skeletal muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Latres
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591 USA
| | - Jeffrey Pangilinan
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591 USA
| | - Lawrence Miloscio
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591 USA
| | - Roy Bauerlein
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591 USA
| | - Erqian Na
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591 USA
| | - Terra B Potocky
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591 USA
| | - Ying Huang
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591 USA
| | - Mark Eckersdorff
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591 USA
| | - Ashique Rafique
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591 USA
| | - Jason Mastaitis
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591 USA
| | - Calvin Lin
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591 USA
| | - Andrew J Murphy
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591 USA
| | - George D Yancopoulos
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591 USA
| | - Jesper Gromada
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591 USA
| | - Trevor Stitt
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591 USA
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Wang J, Zhou H, Hu J, Li S, Luo Y, Hickford J. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms in the promoter of the ovine myostatin gene (MSTN
) and their effect on growth and carcass muscle traits in New Zealand Romney sheep. J Anim Breed Genet 2015; 133:219-26. [DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Wang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology; Gansu Agricultural University; Lanzhou China
- Research and Analysis Center; Gansu Agricultural University; Lanzhou China
| | - H. Zhou
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology; Gansu Agricultural University; Lanzhou China
- Gene-Marker Laboratory; Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences; Lincoln University; Lincoln New Zealand
| | - J. Hu
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology; Gansu Agricultural University; Lanzhou China
| | - S. Li
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology; Gansu Agricultural University; Lanzhou China
| | - Y. Luo
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology; Gansu Agricultural University; Lanzhou China
- Research and Analysis Center; Gansu Agricultural University; Lanzhou China
| | - J.G.H. Hickford
- Gene-Marker Laboratory; Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences; Lincoln University; Lincoln New Zealand
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Sternstein I, Reissmann M, Maj D, Bieniek J, Brockmann GA. A comprehensive linkage map and QTL map for carcass traits in a cross between Giant Grey and New Zealand White rabbits. BMC Genet 2015; 16:16. [PMID: 25887754 PMCID: PMC4330979 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-015-0168-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genomic resources for the rabbit are still limited compared to many other livestock species. The genomic sequence as well as linkage maps have gaps that hamper their use in rabbit genome research. Therefore, the aims of this study were the improvement of existing linkage maps and the mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for carcass and meat quality traits. The study was performed in a F2 population of an initial cross between Giant Grey (GG) and New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits. The population consisted of 363 F2 animals derived from 9 F1 bucks and 33 F1 does. 186 microsatellite and three SNP markers were informative for mapping. RESULTS Out of 189 markers, which could be assigned to linkage groups, 110 markers were genetically mapped for the first time. The average marker distance was 7.8 cM. The map across all autosomes reached a total length of 1419 cM. The maternal linkage map was 1.4 times longer than the paternal. All linkage groups could be anchored to chromosomes. On the basis of the generated genetic map, we identified a highly significant QTL (genome-wide significance p < 0.01) for different carcass weights on chromosome 7 with a peak position at 91 cM (157 Mb), a significant QTL (p < 0.05) for bone mass on chromosome 9 at 61 cM (65 Mb), and another one for drip loss on chromosome 12 at 94 cM (128 Mb). Additional suggestive QTL were found on almost all chromosomes. Several genomic loci affecting the fore, intermediate and hind parts of the carcass were identified. The identified QTL explain between 2.5 to 14.6% of the phenotypic variance in the F2 population. CONCLUSIONS The results present the most comprehensive genetic map and the first genome-wide QTL mapping study for carcass and meat quality traits in rabbits. The identified QTL, in particular the major QTL on chromosome 7, provide starting points for fine mapping and candidate gene search. The data contribute to linking physical and genetic information in the rabbit genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Sternstein
- Department for Crop and Animal Sciences, Breeding Biology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Live Science, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstr. 42, 10115, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Monika Reissmann
- Department for Crop and Animal Sciences, Breeding Biology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Live Science, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstr. 42, 10115, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Dorota Maj
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Agricultural University of Kraków, Al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Josef Bieniek
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Agricultural University of Kraków, Al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Gudrun A Brockmann
- Department for Crop and Animal Sciences, Breeding Biology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Live Science, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstr. 42, 10115, Berlin, Germany.
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Du F, Xu G, Nie Z, Xu P, Gu R. Molecular characterization and differential expression of the myostatin gene in Coilia nasus. Gene 2014; 543:153-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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38
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Sternstein I, Reissmann M, Maj D, Bieniek J, Brockmann GA. A new single nucleotide polymorphism in the rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)myostatin(MSTN) gene is associated with carcass composition traits. Anim Genet 2014; 45:596-9. [DOI: 10.1111/age.12165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ina Sternstein
- Breeding Biology and Molecular Genetics; Department of Crop and Animal Sciences; Faculty of Life Science; Humboldt Universität zu Berlin; Invalidenstr. 42 10115 Berlin Germany
| | - Monika Reissmann
- Breeding Biology and Molecular Genetics; Department of Crop and Animal Sciences; Faculty of Life Science; Humboldt Universität zu Berlin; Invalidenstr. 42 10115 Berlin Germany
| | - Dorota Maj
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding; Faculty of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Kraków; Al. Mickiewicza 24/28 30-059 Kraków Poland
| | - Josef Bieniek
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding; Faculty of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Kraków; Al. Mickiewicza 24/28 30-059 Kraków Poland
| | - Gudrun A. Brockmann
- Breeding Biology and Molecular Genetics; Department of Crop and Animal Sciences; Faculty of Life Science; Humboldt Universität zu Berlin; Invalidenstr. 42 10115 Berlin Germany
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Singh SP, Kumari P, Kumar R, Negi M, Sharma SK, Gangwar M, Kumar S, Mitra A. Molecular characterization and phylogeny based analysis of complete coding sequence of myostatin (MSTN) gene in Indian goat breeds. Small Rumin Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2013.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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40
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Li R, Liu DH, Cao CN, Wang SQ, Dang RH, Lan XY, Chen H, Zhang T, Liu WJ, Lei CZ. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of myostatin gene in Chinese domestic horses. Gene 2013; 538:150-4. [PMID: 24368331 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The myostatin gene (MSTN) is a genetic determinant of skeletal muscle growth. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in MSTN are of importance due to their strong associations with horse racing performances. In this study, we screened the SNPs in MSTN gene in 514 horses from 15 Chinese horse breeds. Six SNPs (g.26T>C, g.156T>C, g.587A>G, g.598C>T, g.1485C>T, g.2115A>G) in MSTN gene were detected by sequencing and genotyped using PCR-RFLP method. The g.587A>G and g.598C>T residing in the 5'UTR region were novel SNPs identified by this study. The g.2115A>G which have previously been associated with racing performances were present in Chinese horse breeds, providing valuable genetic information for evaluating the potential racing performances in Chinese domestic breeds. The six SNPs together defined thirteen haplotypes, demonstrating abundant haplotype diversities in Chinese horses. Most of the haplotypes were shared among different breeds with no haplotype restricted to a specific region or a single horse breed. AMOVA analysis indicated that most of the genetic variance was attributable to differences among individuals without any significant contribution by the four geographical groups. This study will provide fundamental and instrumental genetic information for evaluating the potential racing performances of Chinese horse breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Dong-Hua Liu
- Institute of Hexi Ecology and Oasis Agriculture, Hexi University, Zhangye, Gansu 734000, China
| | - Chun-Na Cao
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau of Yining, Yili, Xinjiang 835100, China
| | - Shao-Qiang Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Rui-Hua Dang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xian-Yong Lan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, China
| | - Wu-Jun Liu
- Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830052, China
| | - Chu-Zhao Lei
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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41
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Han J, Forrest RH, Hickford JGH. Genetic variations in the myostatin gene (MSTN) in New Zealand sheep breeds. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 40:6379-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2752-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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42
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Baán JA, Kocsis T, Keller-Pintér A, Müller G, Zádor E, Dux L, Mendler L. The compact mutation of myostatin causes a glycolytic shift in the phenotype of fast skeletal muscles. J Histochem Cytochem 2013; 61:889-900. [PMID: 23979839 DOI: 10.1369/0022155413503661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Myostatin is an important negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth. The hypermuscular Compact (Cmpt) mice carry a 12-bp natural mutation in the myostatin propeptide, with additional modifier genes being responsible for the phenotype. Muscle cellularity of the fast-type tibialis anterior (TA) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) as well as the mixed-type soleus (SOL) muscles of Cmpt and wild-type mice was examined by immunohistochemical staining of the myosin heavy chain (MHC) proteins. In addition, transcript levels of MHC isoforms were quantified by qPCR. Based on our results, all investigated muscles of Cmpt mice were significantly larger compared with that of wild-type mice, as characterized by fiber hyperplasia of different grades. Fiber hypertrophy was not present in TA; however, EDL muscles showed specific IIB fiber hypertrophy while the (I and IIA) fibers of SOL muscles were generally hypertrophied. Both the fast TA and EDL muscles of Cmpt mice contained significantly more glycolytic IIB fibers accompanied by a decreased number of IIX and IIA fibers; however, this was not the case for SOL muscles. In summary, despite the variances found in muscle cellularity between the different myostatin mutant mice, similar glycolytic shifts were observed in Cmpt fast muscles as in muscles from myostatin knockout mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Aliz Baán
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9., 6720 Szeged, Hungary (JAB, TK, AKP, EZ, LD, LM)
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43
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Zhang Z, Ling Y, Wang L, Hang Y, Guo X, Zhang Y, Ding J, Zhang X. Short Communication Polymorphisms of the myostatin gene (MSTN) and its relationship with growth traits in goat breeds. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2013; 12:965-71. [DOI: 10.4238/2013.april.2.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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44
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Polymorphisms in Myostatin Gene and associations with growth traits in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Int J Mol Sci 2012. [PMID: 23203105 PMCID: PMC3509621 DOI: 10.3390/ijms131114956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Myostatin (MSTN) is a member of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily that negatively regulates skeletal muscle development and growth. In the present study, partial genomic fragments of MSTN were screened for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in selected common carp individuals from wild populations, and two SNPs in intron 2 (c.371 + 749A > G, c.371 + 781T > C) and two synonymous SNPs in exon 3 (c.42A > G, c.72C > T) were identified. Genotyping by direct sequencing of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products for these four SNPs were performed in 162 individuals from a commercial hatchery population. Association analysis showed that two SNPs in exon 3 were significantly associated with body weight (BW) and condition factor (K), and haplotype analyses revealed that haplotype H7H8 showed better growth performance. Our results demonstrated that some of the SNPs in MSTN may have positive effects on growth traits and suggested that MSTN could be a candidate gene for growth and marker-assisted selection in common carp.
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45
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Haynes FEM, Greenwood PL, McDonagh MB, McMahon CD, Nicholas GD, Berry CJ, Oddy VH. Lack of association between allelic status and myostatin content in lambs with the myostatin g+6723G>A allele. J Anim Sci 2012; 91:78-89. [PMID: 23048142 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2012-5482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lambs with the myostatin (MSTN) g+6723G>A mutation have a greater muscle mass, which is believed to be associated with reduced myostatin protein abundance. This experiment was designed to determine if differences in allelic frequency of the MSTN g+6723G>A mutation affected abundance of myostatin protein from birth to 24 wk of age. A Poll Dorset cross White Suffolk ram (MSTN A/G) was mated to 35 White Suffolk cross Border Leicester cross Merino ewes (MSTN A/G, n=21, and MSTN G/G, n=14). The progeny of these matings delivered 44 lambs with MSTN A/A (n=9), MSTN A/G (n=21), and MSTN G/G (n=14) genotypes. At approximately 1, 4, and 12 wk of age, a biopsy sample was collected and a blood sample was taken to measure the abundance of myostatin protein in muscle and plasma. At approximately 24 wk of age, the wether lambs were slaughtered to determine carcass characteristics and muscle samples were taken from the bicep femoris. The abundance of mature myostatin protein in muscle from 1 wk old lambs was less (P=0.05) in MSTN A/A and MSTN A/G compared with MSTN G/G lambs. However, at 4 and 24 wk the MSTN A/A lambs had a greater (P=0.04) abundance of myostatin protein compared with the MSTN A/G and MSTN G/G lambs. The abundance of mature myostatin did not differ between genotypes in plasma but the myostatin protein did increase as the lambs aged. At slaughter the MSTN A/A wether lambs had greater dressing percentages (P=0.04), shortloin (P=0.01), topside (P<0.001), and round (P=0.01) weights but did not differ in final BW or HCW (P>0.05). The MSTN A/A lambs had more muscle fibers (P=0.02) in the cross-section of LM between the 12th and 13th rib. The MSTN A/A lambs also had greater lean (P=0.002), less fat (P=0.009), and reduced organ (heart, liver, spleen, and kidneys) mass as determined by computed tomography scanning than MSTN G/G lambs. The results of this study demonstrated that lambs homozygous for the MSTN g+6723G>A mutation have changes in carcass characteristics (dressing and total lean), organ weights, and muscle fiber number. This may be due to reduced myostatin protein early in utero, but after 4 wk of age there was no difference in the abundance of mature myostatin protein in muscle or plasma among MSTN A/A, MSTN A/G, and MSTN G/G genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- F E M Haynes
- Cooperative Research Centre for Sheep Industry Innovation, Armidale, NSW 2350, Australia
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46
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Tellam RL, Cockett NE, Vuocolo T, Bidwell CA. Genes contributing to genetic variation of muscling in sheep. Front Genet 2012; 3:164. [PMID: 22952470 PMCID: PMC3429854 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2012.00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective breeding programs aiming to increase the productivity and profitability of the sheep meat industry use elite, progeny tested sires. The broad genetic traits of primary interest in the progeny of these sires include skeletal muscle yield, fat content, eating quality, and reproductive efficiency. Natural mutations in sheep that enhance muscling have been identified, while a number of genome scans have identified and confirmed quantitative trait loci (QTL) for skeletal muscle traits. The detailed phenotypic characteristics of sheep carrying these mutations or QTL affecting skeletal muscle show a number of common biological themes, particularly changes in developmental growth trajectories, alterations of whole animal morphology, and a shift toward fast twitch glycolytic fibers. The genetic, developmental, and biochemical mechanisms underpinning the actions of some of these genetic variants are described. This review critically assesses this research area, identifies gaps in knowledge, and highlights mechanistic linkages between genetic polymorphisms and skeletal muscle phenotypic changes. This knowledge may aid the discovery of new causal genetic variants and in some cases lead to the development of biochemical and immunological strategies aimed at enhancing skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross L Tellam
- Division of Animal, Food and Health Sciences, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation St Lucia, QLD, Australia
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47
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Farhadian M, Hashemi A, Mardani K, Darvishzadeh R, Jafari S. Polymorphisms in the ovine myostatin gene are associated with birth weight but not with weight gain in Iranian Makoei sheep. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2012; 11:3568-75. [DOI: 10.4238/2012.october.4.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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48
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Tessanne K, Golding MC, Long CR, Peoples MD, Hannon G, Westhusin ME. Production of transgenic calves expressing an shRNA targeting myostatin. Mol Reprod Dev 2011; 79:176-85. [PMID: 22139943 PMCID: PMC3288734 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Myostatin (MSTN) is a well-known negative regulator of muscle growth. Animals that possess mutations within this gene display an enhanced muscling phenotype, a desirable agricultural trait. Increased neonatal morbidity is common, however, resulting from complications arising from the birth of offspring with increased fetal muscle mass. The objective of the current research was to generate an attenuated MSTN-null phenotype in a large-animal model using RNA interference to enhance muscle development without the detrimental consequences of an inactivating mutation. To this end, we identified a series of short interfering RNAs that demonstrated effective suppression of MSTN mRNA and protein levels. To produce transgenic offspring capable of stable MSTN suppression in vivo, a recombinant lentiviral vector expressing a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting MSTN for silencing was introduced into bovine fetal fibroblasts. These cells were used as nucleus donors for somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Twenty blastocysts were transferred into seven recipient cows resulting in five pregnancies. One transgenic calf developed to term, but died following delivery by Caesarean-section. As an alternative strategy, microinjection of recombinant lentiviral particles into the perivitelline space of in vitro-produced bovine zygotes was utilized to produce 40 transgenic blastocysts that were transferred into 14 recipient cows, resulting in 7 pregnancies. Five transgenic calves were produced, of which three expressed the transgene. This is the first report of transgenic livestock produced by direct injection of a recombinant lentivirus, and expressing transgenes encoding shRNAs targeting an endogenous gene (myostatin) for silencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Tessanne
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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49
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Zheng YL, Ma HM, Zheng YM, Wang YS, Zhang BW, He XY, He XN, Liu J, Zhang Y. Site-directed mutagenesis of the myostatin gene in ovine fetal myoblast cells in vitro. Res Vet Sci 2011; 93:763-9. [PMID: 22115331 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2011.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2011] [Revised: 10/08/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Myostatin is an important negative regulator of muscle growth and development. Natural mutations of the myostatin gene cause a double muscling phenotype in beef cattle, pigs and sheep. Therefore, it is feasible to produce a high growth domestic breed by generating a transgenic animal with a mutation, deletion or knockout of the myostatin gene. Our objective was to introduce a subtle mutation of G to A 281-bp upstream of the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) end of the myostatin gene in Poll Dorset fetal myoblast cells in vitro. Fetal myoblast cells were isolated from fetuses at day 50 of gestation from Poll Dorset sheep and transfected with linear gene-targeting vector pMSTN-A using electroporation. We obtained seven gene-targeted cell colonies with homologous recombination, which were positive as confirmed by PCR, Southern blot. The Western blot analysis result demonstrated that the myostatin protein expression in positive colonies is lower than that of negative ones. These results strongly suggest that we successfully mutated the myostatin gene of Poll Dorset ovine fetal myoblast cells and the mutation can effectively downregulate the myostatin protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-ling Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproductive Endocrinology & Embryo Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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50
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Zhang GX, Zhao XH, Wang JY, Ding FX, Zhang L. Effect of an exon 1 mutation in the myostatin gene on the growth traits of the Bian chicken. Anim Genet 2011; 43:458-9. [PMID: 22497311 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2011.02274.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Myostatin (MSTN), or growth and differentiation factor 8 (GDF8), is a member of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β superfamily. This family functions as a negative regulator of skeletal muscle development and growth in mammals. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in exon 1 of the Bian chicken myostatin gene were detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. A mutation (c.234G>A) in exon 1 was found. Female Bian chickens of genotypes AA and GA had significantly higher body weights than those of genotype GG (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) from 6 to 18 weeks of age. These results suggested that the mutation c.234G>A in exon 1 could be used as a genetic marker for Bian chicken growth traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- G X Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, China
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