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Han Y, Li C, Wang R, Zhang J, Wu F, Zhao J, Yan S, Liu Q, Pan Y. A new Chinese crow's feet grading scale based on the DermaTOP system. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18903. [PMID: 37919347 PMCID: PMC10622579 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46356-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Many Chinese wrinkle studies continue to use non-Chinese scales because few Chinese-based wrinkle scales have been developed. The study aims to develop a crow's feet grading scale for Chinese individuals. We enrolled 608 healthy Chinese subjects and measured data through the DermaTOP system. We chose exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to reduce the dimensions of the data. A three-factor structure was obtained by using EFA, and it explained a cumulative total of 89.551% of the variance. A computational formula was obtained by calculating the total factor tilt scores and taking the variance contribution rate of three factors as the weight. Based on the computational formula, a grading map was designed and tested. The model validation was conducted using both subjective assessments from the expert panel and objective results from the model calculations. The results showed that our grading scale model is stable. This study developed a Chinese crow's feet (CCF) grading scale, which included a parameter, a grading map, and literal descriptions. The CCF grading scale is a validated tool for evaluating the effects of cosmetics or specific therapies. More importantly, the CCF scale was developed based on objective data, which may inspire new ideas for wrinkle grading scale development in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Han
- Department of Cosmetics, School of Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Research and Development, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Chengtong Li
- Department of Cosmetics, School of Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Research and Development, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Cosmetics, School of Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Research and Development, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Department of Cosmetics, School of Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Research and Development, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Department of Cosmetics, School of Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Research and Development, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Jinfeng Zhao
- Department of Cosmetics, School of Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Research and Development, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Shiyu Yan
- Department of Cosmetics, School of Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Research and Development, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Beijing EWISH Testing Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Yao Pan
- Department of Cosmetics, School of Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Research and Development, Beijing, 100048, China.
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Olesen UH, Jacobsen K, Lerche CM, Haedersdal M. Repeated exposure to fractional CO 2 laser delays squamous cell carcinoma formation and prevents clinical and subclinical photodamage visualized by line-field confocal optical coherence tomography and histology. Lasers Surg Med 2023; 55:73-81. [PMID: 36229986 PMCID: PMC10092156 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ablative fractional laser (AFL) is a well-established modality for treating ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-induced skin photodamage. We aimed to investigate the potential of AFL to delay squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) formation and prevent photodamage in a preclinical UVR-induced SCC model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hairless C3.Cg-Hrhr /TifBomTac mice (n = 50) were exposed to UVR three times weekly throughout the study. UV-exposed mice were randomized to two groups that received dorsal CO2 AFL (10 mJ/mb, 10% density) or no treatment. AFL was performed every other week for a total of 16 weeks (nine treatments in total). The primary outcome was time to tumor occurrence. In a subset of mice on Day 150, prevention of clinical photodamage was assessed by examination of skin tightness and dyspigmentation. Concomitantly, assessment of subclinical photoprevention based on normalization of keratinocyte dysplasia, dermo-fiber morphology (collagen and elastin fibers), and skin thickness, was performed using line-field confocal optical coherence tomography (LC-OCT) and histology. RESULTS Repeated AFL treatments delayed SCC tumor development compared to UVR control mice by 12, 19, and 30 days for first, second, and third tumors, respectively (p ≤ 0.0017). Compared to UVR controls, AFL prevented photodamage both clinically and subclinically, based on LC-OCT and histology. In the epidermal layer, AFL imparted photopreventative effects including reduced dyspigmentation and keratinocyte dysplasia (1 vs. 2.5, p = 0.0079) and partial normalization of the epidermal thickness (p < 0.0001). In the dermis, AFL led to twofold greater skin tightness (p = 0.0079), improved dermo-fiber structure, and dermal thickness (p = 0.0011). CONCLUSION In conclusion, repeated AFL treatments of UVR-exposed skin significantly delayed SCC tumor formation and prevented clinical and imaging-assessed subclinical signs of photodamage, indicating a potential for AFL in prevention strategies for SCC and photodamage in high-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uffe H. Olesen
- Department of DermatologyCopenhagen University Hospital—BispebjergCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Kevin Jacobsen
- Department of DermatologyCopenhagen University Hospital—BispebjergCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Catharina M. Lerche
- Department of DermatologyCopenhagen University Hospital—BispebjergCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of PharmacyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Merete Haedersdal
- Department of DermatologyCopenhagen University Hospital—BispebjergCopenhagenDenmark
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Mowla A, Taimre T, Lim YL, Bertling K, Wilson SJ, Prow TW, Soyer HP, Rakić AD. Concurrent Reflectance Confocal Microscopy and Laser Doppler Flowmetry to Improve Skin Cancer Imaging: A Monte Carlo Model and Experimental Validation. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2016; 16:E1411. [PMID: 27598157 PMCID: PMC5038689 DOI: 10.3390/s16091411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Optical interrogation of suspicious skin lesions is standard care in the management of skin cancer worldwide. Morphological and functional markers of malignancy are often combined to improve expert human diagnostic power. We propose the evaluation of the combination of two independent optical biomarkers of skin tumours concurrently. The morphological modality of reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is combined with the functional modality of laser Doppler flowmetry, which is capable of quantifying tissue perfusion. To realize the idea, we propose laser feedback interferometry as an implementation of RCM, which is able to detect the Doppler signal in addition to the confocal reflectance signal. Based on the proposed technique, we study numerical models of skin tissue incorporating two optical biomarkers of malignancy: (i) abnormal red blood cell velocities and concentrations and (ii) anomalous optical properties manifested through tissue confocal reflectance, using Monte Carlo simulation. We also conduct a laboratory experiment on a microfluidic channel containing a dynamic turbid medium, to validate the efficacy of the technique. We quantify the performance of the technique by examining a signal to background ratio (SBR) in both the numerical and experimental models, and it is shown that both simulated and experimental SBRs improve consistently using this technique. This work indicates the feasibility of an optical instrument, which may have a role in enhanced imaging of skin malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Mowla
- School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
| | - Thomas Taimre
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
| | - Yah Leng Lim
- School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
| | - Karl Bertling
- School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
| | - Stephen J Wilson
- School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
| | - Tarl W Prow
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane 4102, Australia.
| | - H Peter Soyer
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane 4102, Australia.
| | - Aleksandar D Rakić
- School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
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Apalla Z, Calzavara-Pinton P, Lallas A, Argenziano G, Kyrgidis A, Crotti S, Facchetti F, Monari P, Gualdi G. Histopathological study of perilesional skin in patients diagnosed with nonmelanoma skin cancer. Clin Exp Dermatol 2015; 41:21-5. [PMID: 26189480 DOI: 10.1111/ced.12713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological and clinical data suggest that actinic damage to the skin is an important predictor of skin carcinogenesis. AIM To investigate the association of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) with sun-damage alterations seen by histopathology. METHOD In the current prospective study, perilesional skin of SCC or BCC lesions was evaluated for presence of alterations associated with chronic photodamage. Presence of scarring, perineural/perivascular invasion, haemorrhage/haemorrhagic crust, ulceration/erosion and margin involvement were also assessed. RESULT Of 6038 included lesions, 4523 (74.9%) were BCCs and 1515 (25.1%) were SCCs. Presence of actinic damage was five times more frequent in SCC than in BCC (OR = 5.29, 95% CI 4.44-6.00, P < 0.001), and diagnosis of SCC was twice as common in photo-exposed than nonphoto-exposed body sites (OR = 2.34, 95% CI 2.03-2.70, P < 0.001). There were twofold higher odds for actinic damage in SCC compared with Bowen disease (OR = 2.015, 95% CI 1.55-2.61, P < 0.001). Assessing the different BCC histological subtypes, we found that nodular BCC had at least twofold higher odds (OR = 2.63, 95% CI 2.09-3.32), infiltrative BCC had 48% higher odds (OR = 1.487, 95% CI 1.18-1.87) and basosquamous BCC had fourfold higher odds (OR = 4.10, 95% CI 3.01-5.57) of having actinic damage compared with superficial BCC. CONCLUSIONS Histological verification of ultraviolet-associated alterations in the perilesional skin in patients with NMSC in our study confirms the aetiopathogenic link between sun exposure and epithelial carcinogenesis on a histopathological basis. This correlation was stronger for SCCs than for BCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Apalla
- First Department of Dermatology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - A Lallas
- Skin Cancer Unit, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - G Argenziano
- Skin Cancer Unit, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - A Kyrgidis
- Skin Cancer Unit, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - S Crotti
- Department of Dermatology, Spedali Civili Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - F Facchetti
- Department of Pathology 1-2, Spedali Civili Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - P Monari
- Department of Dermatology, Spedali Civili Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - G Gualdi
- Department of Dermatology, Spedali Civili Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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McKenzie NE, Saboda K, Duckett LD, Goldman R, Hu C, Curiel-Lewandrowski CN. Development of a photographic scale for consistency and guidance in dermatologic assessment of forearm sun damage. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 147:31-6. [PMID: 21242389 DOI: 10.1001/archdermatol.2010.392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To develop a photographic sun damage assessment scale for forearm skin and test its feasibility and utility for consistent classification of sun damage. DESIGN For a blinded comparison, 96 standardized 8 × 10 digital photographs of participants' forearms were taken. Photographs were graded by an expert dermatologist using an existing 9-category dermatologic assessment scoring scale until all categories contained photographs representative of each of 4 clinical signs. Triplicate photographs were provided in identical image sets to 5 community dermatologists for blinded rating using the dermatologic assessment scoring scale. SETTING Academic skin cancer prevention clinic with high-level experience in assessment of sun-damaged skin. PARTICIPANTS Volunteer sample including participants from screenings, chemoprevention, and/or biomarker studies. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Reproducibility and agreement of grading among dermatologists by Spearman correlation coefficient to assess the correlation of scores given for the same photograph, κ statistics for ordinal data, and variability of scoring among dermatologists, using analysis of variance models with evaluating physician and photographs as main effects and interaction effect variables to account for the difference in scoring among dermatologists. RESULTS Correlations (73% to >90%) between dermatologists were all statistically significant (P < .001). Scores showed good to substantial agreement but were significantly different (P < .001) for each of 4 clinical signs and the difference varied significantly (P < .001) among photographs. CONCLUSIONS With good to substantial agreement, we found the development of a photographic forearm sun damage assessment scale highly feasible. In view of significantly different rating scores, a photographic reference for assessment of sun damage is also necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naja E McKenzie
- Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, 85724-5024, USA.
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6
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Green A, Hughes M, McBride P, Fourtanier A. Factors Associated with Premature Skin Aging (Photoaging) before the Age of 55: A Population-Based Study. Dermatology 2011; 222:74-80. [DOI: 10.1159/000322623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2010] [Accepted: 10/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Reliability and validity of a bioimpedance measurement device in the assessment of UVR damage to the skin. Arch Dermatol Res 2008; 300:253-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-008-0844-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2007] [Revised: 10/05/2007] [Accepted: 03/05/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonablative remodeling has recently been proposed as a new antiaging treatment with no downtime. This technique could greatly benefit the increasing numbers of patients who are looking for new and efficient techniques, with a minimum of discomfort. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The 1.54 microm wavelength has been proposed for this application because this wavelength is well absorbed by water yet virtually not at all by melanin, allowing deep penetration into the skin. To protect the epidermis during laser irradiation, a cooling system (+5 degrees C) uses a sapphire window (purified tetrafluoroethane circulates in a pipe around the sapphire) directly applied to the skin through which the laser pulse may be fired. RESULTS Several clinical trials have been published and have demonstrated that clinical improvement was correlated with data from ultrasound imaging, histology, and profilometry. A recent trial on the forehead and neck yielded additional data on elasticity measured by echorheometry. CONCLUSIONS The 1.54 microm laser is safe and effective for remodeling in all of these published studies. Remodeling requires months to achieve its goal, and the kind of improvement that can be expected should be explained to the patient. Long-term follow-up showed that the improvement increased after each treatment and lasted for months after the final session.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Fournier
- Centre Laser Dermatologie & Phlébologie, La Croisée, Clapiers, France
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Oumeish OY, Oumeish I. Life-threatening environmental dermatoses and agents of mass destruction with serious systemic consequences. Clin Dermatol 2005; 23:276-84. [PMID: 15896543 DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2004.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The idea of this paper is to acquire a new view of some environmental conditions affecting the skin and carry with them significant morbidity. It is also to understand their etiology and nature to prevent their hazardous and serious complications which are life-threatening. Although most dermatologic disorders rarely have a fatal outcome, there are many potentially fatal medical disorders that have early or major dermatologic manifestations. Some cases lead to death because of the loss of barrier function of the epidermis with fluid and electrolyte loss or from systemic invasion of microorganisms. In others, dermatologic signs reveal an underlying systemic disease where death may occur from the underlying problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oumeish Youssef Oumeish
- Department of Dermatology, Amman Clinic, University School of Medicine, Tulane, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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10
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Abstract
Sunlight induces clinical, histological and physiological changes in the skin that are known as photoageing. As the population ages, prevention and treatment of photoageing is a growing challenge because of its association with skin cancer as well as for cosmetic reasons. Therefore, it is of interest to assess the degrees of photoageing by developing valid and comprehensive grading systems. Several different methods have been proposed. These include descriptive grading scales, visual analogue scales and photographic grading scales. The merits and inconveniences of these different approaches are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- U P Kappes
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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Lapotko DO, Lukianova EY, Shnip AI. Photothermal detection of laser-induced damage in single intact cells. Lasers Surg Med 2003; 33:320-9. [PMID: 14677159 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.10285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Most of the studies of laser-induced damage do not analyze individual cells. Objective of this work was to evaluate local photo-induced thermal phenomena in single cells at theoretical and experimental levels for developing the method for real-time detection of laser damage in intact cells. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS Theoretical model of cell-laser interaction assumes local nature of photo-induced thermal effects and describes photodamage through bubble formation. Photothermal (PT) method was suggested for damage detection. Laser-induced damage was verified for individual cells with two techniques through detection of Trypan blue penetration into damaged cell. RESULTS Specific PT responses from blast-transformed lymphocytes were identified independently as result of bubble formation and cell damage. Probability of cell damage was obtained for cells as function of laser pulse energy. CONCLUSIONS The Laser load test (LLT) was suggested for real-time detection of damage, damage threshold measurement, and investigation of intact single cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri O Lapotko
- International Center, Luikov Heat and Mass Transfer Institute, Minsk, 220072, Belarus.
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12
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Collagen Remodeling After 585-nm Pulsed Dye Laser Irradiation. Dermatol Surg 2003. [DOI: 10.1097/00042728-200310000-00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Moody BR, McCarthy JE, Hruza GJ. Collagen remodeling after 585-nm pulsed dye laser irradiation: an ultrasonographic analysis. Dermatol Surg 2003; 29:997-9; discussion 999-1000. [PMID: 12974694 DOI: 10.1046/j.1524-4725.2003.29290.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Nonablative dermal remodeling is an evolving technology that has generated great interest among both laser surgeons and patients. Evidence indicates that dermal collagen formation is the key mechanism of action for the nonablative techniques. We studied, with ultrasound, new collagen formation after nonablative laser irradiation. METHODS Ten patients with facial rhytids underwent a single treatment with a 585-nm pulsed dye laser. The patients were all female, ranging in age from 47 to 67, and were Fitzpatrick skin types I-III. Laser parameters were as follows: an energy fluence of 2.4 to 3.0 J/cm2, a pulse duration of 350 microsec, and a spot size of 5 mm with no overlap. Ultrasonographic assessments of dermal collagen were taken at baseline and at 30 and 90 days after treatment. RESULTS Ultrasonography demonstrated an increase in dermal collagen after a single treatment with the 585-nm pulsed dye laser. The greatest degree of neocollagenesis occurred periocularly. CONCLUSION A single treatment with a 585-nm pulsed dye laser appears to increase dermal collagen. This increase in dermal collagen can be assessed with noninvasive cutaneous ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent R Moody
- Laser and Dermatologic Surgery Center, Washington University College of Arts and Sciences, St. Louis, Missouri 63017, USA
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Fournier N, Dahan S, Barneon G, Rouvrais C, Diridollou S, Lagarde JM, Mordon S. Nonablative remodeling: a 14-month clinical ultrasound imaging and profilometric evaluation of a 1540 nm Er:Glass laser. Dermatol Surg 2002; 28:926-31. [PMID: 12410677 DOI: 10.1046/j.1524-4725.2002.02078.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonablative remodeling has been recently proposed as a new antiaging treatment with no downtime. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of nonablative skin remodeling with a 1540 nm Er:glass laser and contact cooling on perioral and periorbital rhytides at 14 months follow-up. METHODS Forty-two female patients (mean age 47 years), Fitzpatrick skin types I-IV were treated five times at 6-week intervals and checked 6 months after the last treatment. Patients were evaluated using clinical data, patient satisfaction (scale 1-4), digital pictures, ultrasound imaging, and profilometry data from silicone imprints in order to quantify the degree of improvement. RESULTS All subjects reported an improvement in the quality and visual aspect of their skin at 6 months (mean patient satisfaction 3.06/4) and at 14 months after enrollment (mean patient satisfaction 2.90/4). This was confirmed by a 43.41% reduction of anisotropy (P < 0.001) 6 weeks after the fourth treatment, reaching 44.85% reduction 6 months after the fifth treatment (P <.001). Ultrasound imaging demonstrated a 17% increase in dermal thickness (P <.001) at 6 months and 11% 6 months after the last treatment (P <.05). A lack of immediate or late adverse effects was noted at all stages of the procedure. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that irradiation with a 1540 nm Er:glass laser emitting in a pulsed mode and coupled with an efficient cooling system increased dermal thickness, reduced the anisotropy of the skin, and improved clinical aspects. The lack of adverse effects within the 14 months confirmed that this procedure was safe. Overall the stability of the results many months after the treatment was remarkable.
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15
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Nonablative Remodeling. Dermatol Surg 2002. [DOI: 10.1097/00042728-200210000-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Sator PG, Schmidt JB, Hönigsmann H. Objective assessment of photoageing effects using high-frequency ultrasound in PUVA-treated psoriasis patients. Br J Dermatol 2002; 147:291-8. [PMID: 12174102 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2133.2002.04858.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin ageing can be differentiated into intrinsic (chronological) ageing, and photoageing due to chronic sun exposure. Photoageing is the superimposition of photodamage on the ageing process. OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to investigate possible differences between the skin of photochemotherapy (PUVA)-treated psoriasis patients and of untreated normal subjects using a high-frequency ultrasound system. METHODS A total of 124 volunteers (aged 21-88 years, median 52 years, 62 female, 62 male), 62 psoriasis patients who had received PUVA therapy and 62 healthy controls, were investigated. Skin thickness and a subepidermal low-echogenic band (SLEB), a parameter for photodamage, were measured in 12 different areas. RESULTS Female skin is thinner than male skin. The skin thickness values of PUVA patients were more markedly decreased than those of the controls for the older patients. There was a clear dependence of the occurrence of SLEB on PUVA therapy in psoriasis patients. CONCLUSIONS Long-term PUVA treatment in psoriasis patients accelerates thinning of the skin in comparison to age-matched controls. The results show that ultrasonography is a sensitive method to investigate the effects of PUVA-induced skin ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- P-G Sator
- Department of Special and Environmental Dermatology, University of Vienna, General Hospital, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Fournier N, Dahan S, Barneon G, Diridollou S, Lagarde JM, Gall Y, Mordon S. Nonablative remodeling: clinical, histologic, ultrasound imaging, and profilometric evaluation of a 1540 nm Er:glass laser. Dermatol Surg 2001; 27:799-806. [PMID: 11553168 DOI: 10.1046/j.1524-4725.2001.00355.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonablative remodeling has been recently proposed as an alternative to CO2 and Er:YAG resurfacing. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a 1540 nm Er:glass laser with contact cooling in nonablative skin remodeling, focused on perioral and periorbital rhytides. METHODS Sixty patients (mean age 47 years), Fitzpatrick skin types I-IV were treated four times over 6-week intervals. Patients were evaluated using digital photographs, histology, ultrasound imaging, and profilometry with silicone imprints in order to quantitate the degree of clinical improvement. RESULTS All subjects reported subjective improvement in the quality and visual aspect of their skin. This was confirmed by a 40.2% reduction of anisotropy (P <.001) 6 weeks after the fourth treatment. Ultrasound imaging demonstrated a 17% increase of dermis thickness (P <.005). Biopsy specimens showed evidence of new collagen formation. CONCLUSION This study has clearly demonstrated that irradiation with 1540 nm Er:glass laser can lead to new collagen formation, dermis thickening, reduction of anisotropy of the skin, and clinical improvements. The lack of adverse effects confirmed that this 1540 nm laser emitting in a pulsed mode coupled with an efficient cooling system is safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Fournier
- Center Commercial La Croisée, Clapiers, France
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19
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González S, Zonios G, Nguyen BC, Gillies R, Kollias N. Endogenous skin fluorescence is a good marker for objective evaluation of comedolysis. J Invest Dermatol 2000; 115:100-5. [PMID: 10886515 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2000.00025.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE evaluation of comedone lesions, especially in vivo, remains a challenge. We have used the rhino mouse model in combination with topical application of all-trans retinoic acid as a comedolytic agent, to investigate the potential of fluorescence spectroscopy as a noninvasive technique in the assessment of noninflammatory acne. The results indicate that there is a strong correlation between the fluorescence excitation spectral features assessed in vivo, and the histologic changes identified, particularly the size of the utriculi as well as the dermal and epidermal thickness. We conclude that fluorescence excitation spectroscopy represents a promising novel and useful tool in the quantitative evaluation of the pseudocomedones and could also be used for the rapid and noninvasive assessment of comedolysis induced by the application of pharmacologic agents such as retinoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- S González
- Wellman Laboratories of Photomedicine, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
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Abstract
Although the prevention of skin aging is a holy grail of the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries, this venture may be misplaced. The predominant clinical and biochemical features of aged skin are mostly attributable to photoaging rather than chronology. For instance chronic sun exposure is the major determinant of age spots (actinic lentigines) and wrinkles. Surgical approaches to the treatment of photoaging include face-lift, dermabrasion, chemical peeling, collagen and botulinum toxin injections, and laser re-surfacing. These approaches all have benefit and improve the clinical features of facial photoaging. Drug or pharmaceutical prevention and treatment of photoaged skin is still in its infancy. The main pharmaceutical approach to prevention of photoaging lies in the assiduous use of sunscreens. Recent evidence points to the importance of ultraviolet A (UVA) radiation as well as ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation in the aetiology of photoaging and thus the need for sunscreens that block both UVB and UVA. Drug treatment of photoaged skin can be categorised as antioxidants, alpha-hydroxy acids and topical retinoids. Of these 3 approaches only topical retinoids, particularly tretinoin (all-trans retinoic acid), have a well documented ability to repair photoaged skin at the clinical, histological and molecular level. Furthermore, the use of topical retinoids may actually prevent photoaging. The current interest in pharmaceutical modulation of the photoaging process has attracted considerable research into the mechanisms of photoaging and cutaneous aging. It is likely that treatment for, or prevention of, the chronological aging process may result from such research.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Griffiths
- Section of Dermatology, University of Manchester, England.
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21
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Gniadecka M, Jemec GB. Quantitative evaluation of chronological ageing and photoageing in vivo: studies on skin echogenicity and thickness. Br J Dermatol 1998; 139:815-21. [PMID: 9892947 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2133.1998.02506.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Skin ageing is divided into chronological ageing and photoageing due to the cumulative effects of solar ultraviolet radiation. It is, however, difficult to measure the degree of photoageing and chronological ageing in humans in vivo. Here, we have evaluated the usefulness of ultrasonography for measurement of chronological ageing and photoageing in vivo. Twenty megahertz ultrasonography was performed in 90 individuals (29 men, 61 women, age 18-94) to describe age-related changes in sun-exposed regions with different levels of sun exposure (dorsal and ventral forearm, forehead, ankle) and non-exposed buttock skin. Skin thickness and skin echogenicity in different layers of the dermis were measured in ultrasound images. Additionally, cutaneous photodamage was scored clinically. Age-related changes were dependent on body site as well as layer of the dermis. A progressive, age-related decrease in echogenicity of the upper dermis was found in sun-exposed regions (dorsal forearm, forehead), but not in moderately exposed regions (ventral forearm, ankle). In the buttock an increase in echogenicity was observed. The echogenicity of the lower dermis increased in all examined sites. Skin thickness increased with age in the forehead and buttock, but decreased in the extremity skin. Our findings show that photoageing causes a decrease in echogenicity in the upper dermis. In contrast, chronological ageing is associated with an increase in echogenicity in the lower dermis. Although both increases and decreases in skin thickness were observed in different anatomical regions, there was no general relationship between skin thickness and age. Dermal echogenicity was deemed valuable for in vivo study of chronological ageing and photoageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gniadecka
- Department of Dermatology D92, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
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22
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Kieffer ME, Efsen J. Imedeen® in the treatment of photoaged skin: an efficacy and safety trial over 12 months 1. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 1998. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.1998.tb00765.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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23
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Nishimori Y, Pearse AD, Edwards C, Marks R. Elastotic degenerative change and yellowish discolouration in photoaged skin. Skin Res Technol 1998; 4:79-82. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0846.1998.tb00090.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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24
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Affiliation(s)
- O Y Oumeish
- Jordanian Dermatological Society, Amman, Jordan
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25
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Long C, Marks R. The response to ultraviolet radiation and delayed hypersensitivity in Celts with skin cancer. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 1996. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.1996.tb00128.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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26
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Gniadecka M, Gniadecki R, Serup J, Søndergaard J. Ultrasound structure and digital image analysis of the subepidermal low echogenic band in aged human skin: diurnal changes and interindividual variability. J Invest Dermatol 1994; 102:362-5. [PMID: 8120420 DOI: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12371796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Subepidermal low-echogenic band is a consistent echostructural finding in aged and photodamaged skin. The thickness of subepidermal low-echogenic band is considered to closely reflect the degree of cutaneous aging and its use for the monitoring of the severity of photoaging and the efficacy of drugs is rapidly expanding. We investigated subepidermal low-echogenic band structure in 23 old healthy volunteers (ages 75-100) with a high-frequency ultrasound scanner (B-mode, 20 MHz). Images were collected from the volar fore-arm twice daily: in the morning before getting up and 12 h later. To assess the severity of subepidermal low-echogenic band, echogenicity of the subepidermal region was determined by the image analysis and compared with visual scoring and subepidermal low-echogenic band thickness. All three methods gave consistent results, image analysis being the most sensitive, reliable, and bias-free. Significant interindividual variability of subepidermal low-echogenic band echostructure was revealed. Moreover, circadian variability of subepidermal low-echogenic band echogenicity was observed. These major interindividual and diurnal variations of subepidermal low-echogenic band suggest that this band does not only represent an irreversible structural change but also a redistribution of fluid in the aged dermis. Diurnal variations in the subepidermal low-echogenic band would limit the use of this parameter in studies of skin aging, photoaging, and efficiency of medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gniadecka
- Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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27
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Abstract
The distinction between intrinsic and extrinsic ageing can be made on both histological and clinical grounds. Clinical criteria associated with the diagnosis of extrinsic ageing are coarse wrinkles, actinic lentigines, elastotic conditions, purpura, telangiectasia and cutaneous neoplasms. These parameters are always superimposed on changes associated with intrinsic ageing: namely, fine wrinkles and benign growths. There is heightened interest in extrinsic ageing as a result of studies demonstrating the efficacy of topical tretinoin in improving this condition. As a consequence, systems for grading extrinsic ageing have been developed, including a photographic standard scale which removes some of the subjectivity inherent to current methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Griffiths
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor 48109-0314
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