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Biglari S, Moghaddam AS, Tabatabaiefar MA, Sherkat R, Youssefian L, Saeidian AH, Vahidnezhad F, Tsoi LC, Gudjonsson JE, Hakonarson H, Casanova JL, Béziat V, Jouanguy E, Vahidnezhad H. Monogenic etiologies of persistent human papillomavirus infections: A comprehensive systematic review. Genet Med 2024; 26:101028. [PMID: 37978863 PMCID: PMC10922824 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2023.101028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Persistent human papillomavirus infection (PHPVI) causes cutaneous, anogenital, and mucosal warts. Cutaneous warts include common warts, Treeman syndrome, and epidermodysplasia verruciformis, among others. Although more reports of monogenic predisposition to PHPVI have been published with the development of genomic technologies, genetic testing is rarely incorporated into clinical assessments. To encourage broader molecular testing, we compiled a list of the various monogenic etiologies of PHPVI. METHODS We conducted a systematic literature review to determine the genetic, immunological, and clinical characteristics of patients with PHPVI. RESULTS The inclusion criteria were met by 261 of 40,687 articles. In 842 patients, 83 PHPVI-associated genes were identified, including 42, 6, and 35 genes with strong, moderate, and weak evidence for causality, respectively. Autosomal recessive inheritance predominated (69%). PHPVI onset age was 10.8 ± 8.6 years, with an interquartile range of 5 to 14 years. GATA2,IL2RG,DOCK8, CXCR4, TMC6, TMC8, and CIB1 are the most frequently reported PHPVI-associated genes with strong causality. Most genes (74 out of 83) belong to a catalog of 485 inborn errors of immunity-related genes, and 40 genes (54%) are represented in the nonsyndromic and syndromic combined immunodeficiency categories. CONCLUSION PHPVI has at least 83 monogenic etiologies and a genetic diagnosis is essential for effective management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Biglari
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Mohammad Amin Tabatabaiefar
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Roya Sherkat
- Immunodeficiency Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Leila Youssefian
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA Clinical Genomics Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Amir Hossein Saeidian
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Lam C Tsoi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Inserm U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France; Imagine Institute, Paris Cité University, France; Department of Pediatrics, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France, EU; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD
| | - Vivien Béziat
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Inserm U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France; Imagine Institute, Paris Cité University, France
| | - Emmanuelle Jouanguy
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Inserm U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France; Imagine Institute, Paris Cité University, France
| | - Hassan Vahidnezhad
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA.
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Béziat V, Rapaport F, Hu J, Titeux M, Bonnet des Claustres M, Bourgey M, Griffin H, Bandet É, Ma CS, Sherkat R, Rokni-Zadeh H, Louis DM, Changi-Ashtiani M, Delmonte OM, Fukushima T, Habib T, Guennoun A, Khan T, Bender N, Rahman M, About F, Yang R, Rao G, Rouzaud C, Li J, Shearer D, Balogh K, Al Ali F, Ata M, Dabiri S, Momenilandi M, Nammour J, Alyanakian MA, Leruez-Ville M, Guenat D, Materna M, Marcot L, Vladikine N, Soret C, Vahidnezhad H, Youssefian L, Saeidian AH, Uitto J, Catherinot É, Navabi SS, Zarhrate M, Woodley DT, Jeljeli M, Abraham T, Belkaya S, Lorenzo L, Rosain J, Bayat M, Lanternier F, Lortholary O, Zakavi F, Gros P, Orth G, Abel L, Prétet JL, Fraitag S, Jouanguy E, Davis MM, Tangye SG, Notarangelo LD, Marr N, Waterboer T, Langlais D, Doorbar J, Hovnanian A, Christensen N, Bossuyt X, Shahrooei M, Casanova JL. Humans with inherited T cell CD28 deficiency are susceptible to skin papillomaviruses but are otherwise healthy. Cell 2021; 184:3812-3828.e30. [PMID: 34214472 PMCID: PMC8329841 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We study a patient with the human papilloma virus (HPV)-2-driven "tree-man" phenotype and two relatives with unusually severe HPV4-driven warts. The giant horns form an HPV-2-driven multifocal benign epithelial tumor overexpressing viral oncogenes in the epidermis basal layer. The patients are unexpectedly homozygous for a private CD28 variant. They have no detectable CD28 on their T cells, with the exception of a small contingent of revertant memory CD4+ T cells. T cell development is barely affected, and T cells respond to CD3 and CD2, but not CD28, costimulation. Although the patients do not display HPV-2- and HPV-4-reactive CD4+ T cells in vitro, they make antibodies specific for both viruses in vivo. CD28-deficient mice are susceptible to cutaneous infections with the mouse papillomavirus MmuPV1. The control of HPV-2 and HPV-4 in keratinocytes is dependent on the T cell CD28 co-activation pathway. Surprisingly, human CD28-dependent T cell responses are largely redundant for protective immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien Béziat
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, INSERM U1163, 75015 Paris, France; The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | | | - Jiafen Hu
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Matthias Titeux
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, INSERM U1163, 75015 Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Élise Bandet
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, INSERM U1163, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Cindy S Ma
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Roya Sherkat
- Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, AIRC, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
| | | | - David M Louis
- Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Ottavia M Delmonte
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Toshiaki Fukushima
- Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Noemi Bender
- German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Frédégonde About
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, INSERM U1163, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Rui Yang
- The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Geetha Rao
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Claire Rouzaud
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, INSERM U1163, 75015 Paris, France; Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Jingwei Li
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Debra Shearer
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Karla Balogh
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | | | | | - Soroosh Dabiri
- Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, 054 Zahedan, Iran
| | | | - Justine Nammour
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, INSERM U1163, 75015 Paris, France
| | | | | | - David Guenat
- Papillomavirus National Reference Center, Besançon Hospital, 25030 Besançon, France
| | - Marie Materna
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, INSERM U1163, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Léa Marcot
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, INSERM U1163, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Natasha Vladikine
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, INSERM U1163, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Christine Soret
- Papillomavirus National Reference Center, Besançon Hospital, 25030 Besançon, France
| | | | | | | | - Jouni Uitto
- Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | | | | | - Mohammed Zarhrate
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, INSERM U1163, 75015 Paris, France
| | - David T Woodley
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | | | - Thomas Abraham
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | | | - Lazaro Lorenzo
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, INSERM U1163, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Jérémie Rosain
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, INSERM U1163, 75015 Paris, France; Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Mousa Bayat
- Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, 054 Zahedan, Iran
| | - Fanny Lanternier
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, INSERM U1163, 75015 Paris, France; Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Lortholary
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, INSERM U1163, 75015 Paris, France; Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Faramarz Zakavi
- Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, 061 Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Philippe Gros
- McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada; McGill Research Centre on Complex Traits, Montreal, QC H3G 0B1, Canada
| | | | - Laurent Abel
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, INSERM U1163, 75015 Paris, France; The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jean-Luc Prétet
- Papillomavirus National Reference Center, Besançon Hospital, 25030 Besançon, France
| | - Sylvie Fraitag
- Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Jouanguy
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, INSERM U1163, 75015 Paris, France; The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Mark M Davis
- HHMI, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Stuart G Tangye
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Luigi D Notarangelo
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Tim Waterboer
- German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Langlais
- McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada; McGill Research Centre on Complex Traits, Montreal, QC H3G 0B1, Canada
| | | | - Alain Hovnanian
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, INSERM U1163, 75015 Paris, France; Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Neil Christensen
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | | | - Mohammad Shahrooei
- University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Dr. Shahrooei Lab, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, INSERM U1163, 75015 Paris, France; The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; HHMI, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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Zhang S, Xu X, Liu Y, Xue R, Li C, Chen P, Zhang X, Liang J. Successful clearance of extensive/recalcitrant cutaneous warts by acitretin monotherapy: A case series study. Dermatol Ther 2020; 33:e13390. [PMID: 32268448 DOI: 10.1111/dth.13390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Most available options for the treatment of warts are limited by the potential for scarring, pain, lack of response, or recurrences, and the patients are often unable to tolerate and accept those experiences. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of oral systemic acitretin monotherapy in patients with extensive/recalcitrant cutaneous warts. The patients were given a dose of acitretin of 0.8 mg kg-1 day-1 , and the clinical efficacy and safety of acitretin was assessed every 2 weeks for 2 months. A total of 14 patients (12 males and 2 females) were included, with an age of 14-60 years (mean 33 ± 14.7 years) and a course of 4-48 months (mean 21.6 ± 13.4 months). After 2 months of acitretin treatment, 42.9% (6/14) of patients (including warts of the feet, legs, and hands) exhibited complete response, 28.6% (4/14) excellent response, and 28.6% (4/14) good response. All patients demonstrated significant improvement, and the drug was well tolerated, with no patients discontinuing therapy due to side effects. Common mild side effects included dry skin and cheilitis. There were no recurrences during a follow-up period of 6 months. Acitretin monotherapy is an effective, safe, and well-tolerated treatment for patients with extensive/recalcitrant cutaneous warts who are unsuitable for or unwilling to accept traditional treatment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanquan Zhang
- Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Dermatology, Guangzhou Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Dermatology, Guangzhou Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yumei Liu
- Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Dermatology, Guangzhou Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Rujun Xue
- Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Dermatology, Guangzhou Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Changxing Li
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Pingjiao Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xibao Zhang
- Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Dermatology, Guangzhou Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyao Liang
- Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Dermatology, Guangzhou Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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