1
|
Jałowska M, Spałek M, Bowszyc-Dmochowska M, Gornowicz- Porowska J, Dmochowski M. Involvement of palms and soles in patients with autoimmune bullous diseases: a comparative analysis of a diagnostically relevant localization. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1227855. [PMID: 37885886 PMCID: PMC10598337 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1227855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The involvement of palms and soles is variable among disease entities belonging to autoimmune bullous diseases (AIBD). We present our own clinical-laboratory experience concerning presentations of skin lesions on palms and soles in the pemphigus diseases group, pemphigoid diseases group, epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA), and lichen planus pemphigoides (LPP) and discuss the pertinent literature. Methods Lesions on palms and soles were assessed retrospectively on the basis of just photographic archives from the beginning of 2014 to March 2023. We comparatively evaluated 462 Slavic patients with AIBD. Results Palmoplantar involvement was observed in only 21 patients with AIBD (12 females and 9 males). There was no statistically significant difference between palmoplantar involvement in the pemphigus diseases group compared to the pemphigoid diseases group and no statistically significant difference between the pemphigus diseases group compared to the subepithelial AIBD. Discussion Nevertheless, particularly in LPP and EBA, and occasionally in pemphigus diseases and pemphigoid diseases groups of AIBD, localization on palms and soles may be diagnostically important at the clinical level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Jałowska
- Autoimmune Blistering Dermatoses Section, Department of Dermatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Maciej Spałek
- Autoimmune Blistering Dermatoses Section, Department of Dermatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Monika Bowszyc-Dmochowska
- Cutaneous Histopathology and Immunopathology Section, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Justyna Gornowicz- Porowska
- Department and Division of Practical Cosmetology and Skin Diseases Prophylaxis, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Marian Dmochowski
- Autoimmune Blistering Dermatoses Section, Department of Dermatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bosch-Amate X, Iranzo P, Ivars M, Mascaró Galy JM, España A. Anti-Desmocollin Autoantibodies in Autoimmune Blistering Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:740820. [PMID: 34567003 PMCID: PMC8462461 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.740820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of anti-desmocollin (Dsc) antibodies is rarely described in autoimmune blistering diseases patients. Moreover, several clinical phenotypes of pemphigus may be associated with these antibodies. In this review we analyze clinicopathological, immunologic and outcome features of anti-Dsc autoimmune blistering diseases patients, to improve their diagnosis and management. We conducted a systematic search of PubMed and Embase (1990-present) for studies reporting cases of autoimmune blistering diseases with anti-Dsc antibodies. We classified the selected patients as patients with exclusively anti-Dsc autoantibodies, and patients with anti-Dsc and other autoantibodies. Of 93 cases with anti-Dsc autoantibodies included, 38 (41%) had exclusively these antibodies. Only 18% of patients presented with the typical clinicopathological phenotype of pemphigus vulgaris or pemphigus foliaceous. Mucosal involvement was seen in approximately half of the patients. Up to 18% of cases were associated with neoplasms. Acantholysis was described in 54% of cases with histopathological information. Treatments and outcomes vary in the different clinical phenotypes. The presence of anti-Dsc antibodies must be suspected mainly in those patients with either atypical pemphigus, in special with clinical pustules, or in cases showing intraepithelial or dermal neutrophilic/eosinophilic infiltrate on histological examination and dual pattern by direct immunofluorescence examination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Bosch-Amate
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar Iranzo
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Ivars
- Dermatology Department, University Clinic of Navarra, University of Navarra, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Manuel Mascaró Galy
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Agustín España
- Dermatology Department, University Clinic of Navarra, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sadeghi B, Nili A, Tavakolpour S, Balighi K, Daneshpazhooh M, Mahmoudi H. Concomitant bullous pemphigoid and palmoplantar keratoderma: A report of three cases and review of literature. Dermatol Ther 2020; 33:e14481. [PMID: 33128261 DOI: 10.1111/dth.14481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Borzouyeh Sadeghi
- Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Nili
- Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheil Tavakolpour
- Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kamran Balighi
- Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Daneshpazhooh
- Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Mahmoudi
- Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Duretz C, Antonicelli F, Muller C, Antonicelli N, Plee J, Viguier M, Bernard P. Association of Transient Palmoplantar Keratoderma With Clinical and Immunologic Characteristics of Bullous Pemphigoid. JAMA Dermatol 2019; 155:216-220. [PMID: 30484821 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2018.4084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Importance Development of transient palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK) with bullous pemphigoid (BP) has only been described in 2 isolated case reports. The clinical significance and the pathophysiologic mechanisms of this association are unknown. Objective To examine the clinical characteristics and immunological profile of patients with BP who develop transient PPK and analyze therapeutic options and outcomes. Design, Setting, and Participants In this case series, patients with BP who developed acquired, transient PPK, and were treated at a single institution from January 1, 2015, through December 31, 2017, were studied. Main Outcomes and Measures Clinical and immunological activity of BP, treatment administrated before and after PPK appearance, and patient outcomes. Results Six patients with BP and transient PPK were identified and included in the study. There were 5 women and 1 man with a mean age of 72 years. At baseline, all patients had a generalized, multibullous BP and high serum anti-BP180 antibodies (mean, 130 U/mL; range, 73-150), whereas anti-BP230 antibodies were elevated in only 1 case. The PPK appeared a mean 6.2 (range, 2-12) months after BP diagnosis, following a prolonged period of disease activity with recurrent flares. When the PPK occurred, BP was uncontrolled on therapy (mean Bullous Pemphigoid Disease Activity Index [BPDAI] score, 57; range, 34-105; mean anti-BP180 antibodies titer, 122 U/mL; range, 81-150). On administration of additional systemic immunosuppressive therapies, the PPK healed progressively in a mean 4.3 months (range, 2-9), along with BP clinical remission in 4 of 6 patients. No relationship was found between PPK occurrence and anti-BP180/230 antibodies profiles. In contrast, blister fluids collected at the time of PPK displayed a much higher level of interleukin 1β (IL-1β) compared with those collected in the absence of PKK. Expression of IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-22 was also enhanced in the blister fluid of patients with BP who had PPK. Conclusions and Relevance To our knowledge, this is the first report of 6 cases of BP with transient PPK with extensive immunological investigation. The PPK appeared after a prolonged period of clinical BP activity punctuated with recurrent relapses, was transient, and healed after BP control with additional immunosuppressive therapy. Enhanced expression of a particular cytokine panel in the blister fluid at time of PPK could support keratinocyte proliferation as described in patients with psoriasis. Transient PPK could represent a clinical marker of severe, treatment-resistant BP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Duretz
- Department of Dermatology, Reims University Hospital, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Frank Antonicelli
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, EA 7509, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France.,Department of Biological Sciences, Immunology, UFR Odontology, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Céline Muller
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, EA 7509, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Nina Antonicelli
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, EA 7509, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Julie Plee
- Department of Dermatology, Reims University Hospital, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Manuelle Viguier
- Department of Dermatology, Reims University Hospital, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France.,Laboratory of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, EA 7509, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Philippe Bernard
- Department of Dermatology, Reims University Hospital, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France.,Laboratory of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, EA 7509, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fania L, Didona D, Pacifico V, Mariotti F, De Luca N, Abeni D, Mazzanti C, Di Zenzo G, Didona B. Bullous pemphigoid with hyperkeratosis and palmoplantar keratoderma: Three cases. J Dermatol 2018; 45:1135-1140. [PMID: 30007013 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.14529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The clinical features of bullous pemphigoid are extremely polymorphous. Several atypical forms of bullous pemphigoid have been described, and the diagnosis critically relies on immunopathological findings. We describe three bullous pemphigoid patients characterized by palmoplantar keratoderma, diffused hyperkeratotic cutaneous lesions and extremely high levels of immunoglobulin E serum. The diagnosis of bullous pemphigoid should be taken into account in patients presenting diffused hyperkeratotic cutaneous lesions and palmoplantar keratoderma, even in the absence of blisters. Alteration of the keratinization process, that could occur in patients with genetic mutations in desmosomal and hemidesmosomal genes, may also be due to circulating autoantibodies against hemidesmosomal proteins in these bullous pemphigoid patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Fania
- Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS, FLMM, Rome, Italy
| | - Dario Didona
- Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS, FLMM, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Naomi De Luca
- Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS, FLMM, Rome, Italy
| | - Damiano Abeni
- Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS, FLMM, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Mazzanti
- Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS, FLMM, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Biagio Didona
- Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS, FLMM, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fisher HM, Hoehndorf R, Bazelato BS, Dadras SS, King LE, Gkoutos GV, Sundberg JP, Schofield PN. DermO; an ontology for the description of dermatologic disease. J Biomed Semantics 2016; 7:38. [PMID: 27296450 PMCID: PMC4907256 DOI: 10.1186/s13326-016-0085-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There have been repeated initiatives to produce standard nosologies and terminologies for cutaneous disease, some dedicated to the domain and some part of bigger terminologies such as ICD-10. Recently, formally structured terminologies, ontologies, have been widely developed in many areas of biomedical research. Primarily, these address the aim of providing comprehensive working terminologies for domains of knowledge, but because of the knowledge contained in the relationships between terms they can also be used computationally for many purposes. RESULTS We have developed an ontology of cutaneous disease, constructed manually by domain experts. With more than 3000 terms, DermO represents the most comprehensive formal dermatological disease terminology available. The disease entities are categorized in 20 upper level terms, which use a variety of features such as anatomical location, heritability, affected cell or tissue type, or etiology, as the features for classification, in line with professional practice and nosology in dermatology. Available in OBO flatfile and OWL 2 formats, it is integrated semantically with other ontologies and terminologies describing diseases and phenotypes. We demonstrate the application of DermO to text mining the biomedical literature and in the creation of a network describing the phenotypic relationships between cutaneous diseases. CONCLUSIONS DermO is an ontology with broad coverage of the domain of dermatologic disease and we demonstrate here its utility for text mining and investigation of phenotypic relationships between dermatologic disorders. We envision that in the future it may be applied to the creation and mining of electronic health records, clinical training and basic research, as it supports automated inference and reasoning, and for the broader integration of skin disease information with that from other domains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M Fisher
- Dept. of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Robert Hoehndorf
- Computational Bioscience Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 23955-6900, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Bruno S Bazelato
- Dept. of Computer Science, Llandinam Building, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3DB, UK
| | - Soheil S Dadras
- Dept. Dermatology and Pathology, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263, Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Lloyd E King
- Dept. of Medicine, Div. Dermatology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Georgios V Gkoutos
- Dept. of Computer Science, Llandinam Building, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3DB, UK.,College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Centre for Computational Biology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.,Institute of Translational Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - John P Sundberg
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600, Main Street, Bar Harbor Maine, ME 04609-1500, USA
| | - Paul N Schofield
- Dept. of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK. .,The Jackson Laboratory, 600, Main Street, Bar Harbor Maine, ME 04609-1500, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hong WJ, Hashimoto T, Kim SC. A Case of Pemphigus Herpetiformis with Only Immunoglobulin G Anti-Desmocollin 3 Antibodies. Ann Dermatol 2016; 28:102-6. [PMID: 26848227 PMCID: PMC4737813 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2016.28.1.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Pemphigus represents a group of autoimmune blistering diseases caused by autoantibodies against desmogleins (Dsgs), a class of desmosomal cadherins. Recently, several pemphigus patients only with desmocollin (Dsc) 3-specific antibodies have been reported. Here, we report a case of pemphigus herpetiformis (PH), where only anti-Dsc3-specific antibodies but not anti-Dsg antibodies were detected. A 76-year-old woman presented with a 3-year history of blister formation. Physical examination revealed pruritic erythemas with vesicles on the trunk and legs, but no lesions of the oral mucosa. A skin biopsy specimen revealed intraepidermal blister containing neutrophils, eosinophils, and lymphocytes. Direct immunofluorescence (IF) showed immunoglobulin G (IgG) and complement 3 (C3) depositions on the keratinocyte cell surfaces. Indirect IF showed IgG anti-keratinocyte cell surface antibodies. These findings hinted at a diagnosis of pemphigus. However, repeated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for both anti-Dsg1 and 3 antibodies proved to be negative. Immunoblotting of normal human epidermal extracts revealed Dsc antibodies, and recently established ELISAs using human Dsc1-Dsc3 recombinantly expressed in mammalian cells detected anti-Dsc3 antibodies. Based on these clinical, histopathological, and immunological findings, the patient was diagnosed as PH with only anti-Dsc3 antibodies. Treatment with corticosteroid prednisolone and steroid-sparing agent dapsone accomplished complete clinical remission of the patient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Won Jin Hong
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Takashi Hashimoto
- Department of Dermatology, Kurume University School of Medicine, and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Soo-Chan Kim
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Desmosomes are cell-cell junctions that mediate adhesion and couple the intermediate filament cytoskeleton to sites of cell-cell contact. This architectural arrangement integrates adhesion and cytoskeletal elements of adjacent cells. The importance of this robust adhesion system is evident in numerous human diseases, both inherited and acquired, which occur when desmosome function is compromised. This review focuses on autoimmune and infectious diseases that impair desmosome function. In addition, we discuss emerging evidence that desmosomal genes are often misregulated in cancer. The emphasis of our discussion is placed on the way in which human diseases can inform our understanding of basic desmosome biology and in turn, the means by which fundamental advances in the cell biology of desmosomes might lead to new treatments for acquired diseases of the desmosome.
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Desmosomes serve as intercellular junctions in various tissues including the skin and the heart where they play a crucial role in cell-cell adhesion, signalling and differentiation. The desmosomes connect the cell surface to the keratin cytoskeleton and are composed of a transmembranal part consisting mainly of desmosomal cadherins, armadillo proteins and desmoplakin, which form the intracytoplasmic desmosomal plaque. Desmosomal genodermatoses are caused by mutations in genes encoding the various desmosomal components. They are characterized by skin, hair and cardiac manifestations occurring in diverse combinations. Their classification into a separate and distinct clinical group not only recognizes their common pathogenesis and facilitates their diagnosis but might also in the future form the basis for the design of novel and targeted therapies for these occasionally life-threatening diseases.
Collapse
|
10
|
Mao X, Nagler AR, Farber SA, Choi EJ, Jackson LH, Leiferman KM, Ishii N, Hashimoto T, Amagai M, Zone JJ, Payne AS. Autoimmunity to desmocollin 3 in pemphigus vulgaris. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2010; 177:2724-30. [PMID: 20952584 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2010.100483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Pemphigus vulgaris is a blistering disease associated with autoantibodies to the desmosomal adhesion protein, desmoglein 3. Genetic deficiency of desmoglein 3 in mice mimics autoimmunity to desmoglein 3 in pemphigus vulgaris, with mucosal-dominant blistering in the suprabasal layer of the epidermis. Mice with an epidermal-specific deletion of desmocollin 3, the other major desmosomal cadherin isoform expressed in the basal epidermis, develop suprabasal blisters in skin that are histologically identical to those observed in pemphigus vulgaris, suggesting that desmocollin 3 might be a target of autoantibodies in some pemphigus vulgaris patients. We now demonstrate that desmocollin 3 is an autoantigen in pemphigus vulgaris, illustrated in a patient with mucosal-dominant blistering. Six of 38 pemphigus vulgaris and one of 85 normal serum samples immunoprecipitate desmocollin 3 (P = 0.003). Incubation of patient IgG with human keratinocytes causes loss of intercellular adhesion, and adsorption with recombinant desmocollin 3 specifically prevents this pathogenic effect. Additionally, anti-desmocollin 3 sera cause loss of keratinocyte cell surface desmocollin 3, but not desmoglein 3 by immunofluorescence, indicating distinct cellular pathogenic effects in anti-desmocollin and anti-desmoglein pemphigus, despite their identical clinical presentations. These data demonstrate that desmocollin 3 is a pathogenic autoantigen in pemphigus vulgaris and suggest that pemphigus vulgaris is a histological reaction pattern that may result from autoimmunity to desmoglein 3, desmocollin 3, or both desmosomal cadherins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuming Mao
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chiu HS, Szucsik JC, Georgas KM, Jones JL, Rumballe BA, Tang D, Grimmond SM, Lewis AG, Aronow BJ, Lessard JL, Little MH. Comparative gene expression analysis of genital tubercle development reveals a putative appendicular Wnt7 network for the epidermal differentiation. Dev Biol 2010; 344:1071-87. [PMID: 20510229 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2010.05.495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2009] [Revised: 04/23/2010] [Accepted: 05/15/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Here we describe the first detailed catalog of gene expression in the developing lower urinary tract (LUT), including epithelial and mesenchymal portions of the developing bladder, urogenital sinus, urethra, and genital tubercle (GT) at E13 and E14. Top compartment-specific genes implicated by the microarray data were validated using whole-mount in situ hybridization (ISH) over the entire LUT. To demonstrate the potential of this resource to implicate developmentally critical features, we focused on gene expression patterns and pathways in the sexually indeterminate, androgen-independent GT. GT expression patterns reinforced the proposed similarities between development of GT, limb, and craniofacial prominences. Comparison of spatial expression patterns predicted a network of Wnt7a-associated GT-enriched epithelial genes, including Gjb2, Dsc3, Krt5, and Sostdc1. Known from other contexts, these genes are associated with normal epidermal differentiation, with disruptions in Dsc3 and Gjb2 showing palmo-plantar keratoderma in the limb. We propose that this gene network contributes to normal foreskin, scrotum, and labial development. As several of these genes are known to be regulated by, or contain cis elements responsive to retinoic acid, estrogen, or androgen, this implicates this pathway in the later androgen-dependent development of the GT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Sheng Chiu
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia 4072, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mouse models for blistering skin disorders. Dermatol Res Pract 2010; 2010:584353. [PMID: 20585602 PMCID: PMC2879910 DOI: 10.1155/2010/584353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2010] [Accepted: 02/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetically engineered mice have been essential tools for elucidating the pathological mechanisms underlying human diseases. In the case of diseases caused by impaired desmosome function, mouse models have helped to establish causal links between mutations and disease phenotypes. This review focuses on mice that lack the desmosomal cadherins desmoglein 3 or desmocollin 3 in stratified epithelia. A comparison of the phenotypes observed in these mouse lines is provided and the relationship between the mutant mouse phenotypes and human diseases, in particular pemphigus vulgaris, is discussed. Furthermore, we will discuss the advantages and potential limitations of genetically engineered mouse lines in our ongoing quest to understand blistering skin diseases.
Collapse
|
13
|
Lambert J, Bracke S, Van Roy F, Pas H, Bonné S, De Schepper S. Serum plakophilin-3 autoreactivity in paraneoplastic pemphigus. Br J Dermatol 2010; 163:630-2. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.09845.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
14
|
Spindler V, Heupel WM, Efthymiadis A, Schmidt E, Eming R, Rankl C, Hinterdorfer P, Müller T, Drenckhahn D, Waschke J. Desmocollin 3-mediated binding is crucial for keratinocyte cohesion and is impaired in pemphigus. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:30556-64. [PMID: 19717567 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.024810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Desmocollin (Dsc) 1-3 and desmoglein (Dsg) 1-4, transmembrane proteins of the cadherin family, form the adhesive core of desmosomes. Here we provide evidence that Dsc3 homo- and heterophilic trans-interaction is crucial for epidermal integrity. Single molecule atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed homophilic trans-interaction of Dsc3. Dsc3 displayed heterophilic interaction with Dsg1 but not with Dsg3. A monoclonal antibody targeted against the extracellular domain reduced homophilic and heterophilic binding as measured by AFM, caused intraepidermal blistering in a model of human skin, and a loss of intercellular adhesion in cultured keratinocytes. Because autoantibodies against Dsg1 are associated with skin blistering in pemphigus, we characterized the role of Dsc3 binding for pemphigus pathogenesis. In contrast to AFM experiments, laser tweezer trapping revealed that pemphigus autoantibodies reduced binding of Dsc3-coated beads to the keratinocyte cell surface. These data indicate that loss of heterophilic Dsc3/Dsg1 binding may contribute to pemphigus skin blistering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Volker Spindler
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Wuerzburg, Koellikerstrasse 6, D-97070 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chen J, Den Z, Koch PJ. Loss of desmocollin 3 in mice leads to epidermal blistering. J Cell Sci 2008; 121:2844-9. [PMID: 18682494 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.031518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Desmocollin 3 (DSC3) belongs to a subfamily of cadherins and is a major component of desmosomes in keratinocytes of stratified epithelia, such as the epidermis. Based on its amino acid sequence homology to classical cadherins, such as E-cadherin, it has been postulated that DSC3 functions as a cell-adhesion molecule. To test this hypothesis, we assessed the function of DSC3 in the development and maintenance of stratified epithelia, in particular the epidermis and hair follicles. Using a conditional null allele, we show that loss of Dsc3 function in the epidermis causes impaired cell-cell adhesion, leading to intra-epidermal blistering and telogen hair loss. Furthermore, the lesions in Dsc3-null skin resemble those observed in individuals with pemphigus vulgaris (PV), indicating that impaired Dsc3 function could be a potential cause of PV-like inherited or acquired skin blistering diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiangli Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Charles C. Gates Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology Program, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|