1
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Kim DS, Jang WY, Park SH, Yoon JH, Shin CY, Huang L, Masphal K, Phourin C, Byun HW, Son J, Kim GR, Lee BH, Kim JH, Lee J, Cho JY. Therapeutic effect of Nepenthes kampotiana Lecomte ethanol extract (Nk-EE) on androgenic alopecia through the inhibition of apoptosis and 5α-reductase activity. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-6. [PMID: 38992973 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2377751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
There is increasing interest in hair loss treatment because a growing number of people affected. Nepenthes kampotiana Lecomte is known for its anticancer effects, but its potential for preventing hair loss has not been researched. Therefore, this study focused on the hair loss prevention effects of N. kampotiana Lecomte ethanol extract (Nk-EE). The results showed that Nk-EE had a proliferative effect on human follicle dermal papilla cells and inhibited cell death. In vivo experiments using androgenic areata models showed that Nk-EE had a positive effect on a variety of biomarkers such as hair-to-skin ratio, hair type frequency, and hair thickness. The results of this study suggest that Nk-EE has potential as an effective treatment for androgenic alopecia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Seon Kim
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Won Young Jang
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sang Hee Park
- Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Ji Hye Yoon
- Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Chae Yun Shin
- Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Kry Masphal
- Forestry Administration, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Chhang Phourin
- Forestry Administration, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Hye-Woo Byun
- Biodiversity Research and Cooperation Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jino Son
- Biological Resources Assessment Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, Korea
| | - Ga Ryun Kim
- Biological Resources Assessment Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, Korea
| | - Byoung-Hee Lee
- Biological Resources Assessment Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Jongsung Lee
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
- Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
- Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
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Park S, Han N, Lee JM, Lee JH, Bae S. Effects of Allium hookeri Extracts on Hair-Inductive and Anti-Oxidative Properties in Human Dermal Papilla Cells. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091919. [PMID: 37176977 PMCID: PMC10181221 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and cellular senescence in dermal papilla cells (DPCs) are major etiological factors causing hair loss. In this study, the effect of the Allium hookeri extract (AHE) on hair-inductive and anti-oxidative properties was investigated in human DPCs. As a result, it was found that a non-cytotoxic concentration of the extracts increased the viability and size of the human DPC spheroid, which was associated with the increased expression of hair-growth-related genes in cells. To determine whether or not these effects could be attributed to intracellular anti-oxidative effects, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry alongside various biochemical analyses are conducted herein. An ingredient called alliin was identified as one of the main components. Furthermore, AHE treatment induced a significant decrease in H2O2-mediated cytotoxicities, cell death, and cellular senescence in human DPCs. Upon analyzing these results with a molecular mechanism approach, it was shown that AHE treatment increased β-Catenin and NRF2 translocation into the nucleus while inhibiting the translocation of NF-κB (p50) through p38 and PKA-mediated phosphorylations of GSK3β, an upstream regulator of those proteins. These results overall indicate the possibility that AHE can regulate GSK3β-mediated β-Catenin, NRF2, and NF-κB signaling to enhance hair-inductive properties and ultimately protect against oxidative stress-induced cellular damage in human DPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seokmuk Park
- Department of Cosmetics Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Nayeon Han
- Department of Cosmetics Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
- Derma Bio Medical Research Center, Dermato Bio, Inc., 174-1 Songdo-dong, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21984, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Min Lee
- Derma Bio Medical Research Center, Dermato Bio, Inc., 174-1 Songdo-dong, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21984, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Lee
- Department of Cosmetics Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghee Bae
- Department of Cosmetics Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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Yun SI, Lee SK, Goh EA, Kwon OS, Choi W, Kim J, Lee MS, Choi SJ, Lim SS, Moon TK, Kim SH, Kyong K, Nam G, Park HO. Weekly treatment with SAMiRNA targeting the androgen receptor ameliorates androgenetic alopecia. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1607. [PMID: 35102171 PMCID: PMC8803970 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05544-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common type of hair loss in men and women. Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and androgen receptor (AR) levels are increased in patients with AGA, and DHT-AR signaling correlates strongly with AGA pathogenesis. In this study, treatment with self-assembled micelle inhibitory RNA (SAMiRNA) nanoparticle-type siRNA selectively suppressed AR expression in vitro. Clinical studies with application of SAMiRNA to the scalp and massaging to deliver it to the hair follicle confirmed its efficacy in AGA. For identification of a potent SAMiRNA for AR silencing, 547 SAMiRNA candidates were synthesized and screened. SAMiRNA-AR68 (AR68) was the most potent and could be efficiently delivered to human follicle dermal papilla cells (HFDPCs) and hair follicles, and this treatment decreased the AR mRNA and protein levels. We confirmed that 10 µM AR68 elicits no innate immune response in human PBMCs and no cytotoxicity up to 20 µM with HFDP and HaCaT cells. Clinical studies were performed in a randomized and double-blind manner with two different doses and frequencies. In the low-dose (0.5 mg/ml) clinical study, AR68 was applied three times per week for 24 weeks, and through quantitative analysis using a phototrichogram, we confirmed increases in total hair counts. In the high-dose (5 mg/ml) clinical study, AR68 was given once per week for 24 weeks and showed 83% efficacy in increasing hair counts compared with finasteride. No side effects were observed. Therefore, SAMiRNA targeting AR mRNA is a potential novel topical treatment for AGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Il Yun
- Bioneer Corporation, 8-11 Munpyeongseo-ro, Daedeok-gu, Daejeon, 34302, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Kyu Lee
- siRNAgen Therapeutics, Daejeon, 34302, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ah Goh
- siRNAgen Therapeutics, Daejeon, 34302, Republic of Korea
| | - Oh Seung Kwon
- siRNAgen Therapeutics, Daejeon, 34302, Republic of Korea
| | - Woorim Choi
- siRNAgen Therapeutics, Daejeon, 34302, Republic of Korea
| | - Jangseon Kim
- siRNAgen Therapeutics, Daejeon, 34302, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Sun Lee
- siRNAgen Therapeutics, Daejeon, 34302, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Ja Choi
- siRNAgen Therapeutics, Daejeon, 34302, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Sik Lim
- Bioneer Corporation, 8-11 Munpyeongseo-ro, Daedeok-gu, Daejeon, 34302, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Kee Moon
- Ellead Skin Research Center, Ellead, Seongnam, 13590, Republic of Korea
| | - Sin Hae Kim
- Ellead Skin Research Center, Ellead, Seongnam, 13590, Republic of Korea
| | - Keeyeol Kyong
- Department of Bio-Cosmetics, Seowon University, 377-3 Musimseoro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju, 28674, Republic of Korea
| | - Gaewon Nam
- Department of Bio-Cosmetics, Seowon University, 377-3 Musimseoro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju, 28674, Republic of Korea.
| | - Han-Oh Park
- Bioneer Corporation, 8-11 Munpyeongseo-ro, Daedeok-gu, Daejeon, 34302, Republic of Korea.
- siRNAgen Therapeutics, Daejeon, 34302, Republic of Korea.
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Fu D, Huang J, Li K, Chen Y, He Y, Sun Y, Guo Y, Du L, Qu Q, Miao Y, Hu Z. Dihydrotestosterone-induced hair regrowth inhibition by activating androgen receptor in C57BL6 mice simulates androgenetic alopecia. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 137:111247. [PMID: 33517191 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgenic alopecia (AGA), also known as male pattern baldness, is one of the most common hair loss diseases worldwide. The main treatments of AGA include hair transplant surgery, oral medicines, and LDL laser irradiation, although no treatment to date can fully cure this disease. Animal models play important roles in the exploration of potential mechanisms of disease development and in assessing novel treatments. The present study describes androgen receptor (AR) in C57BL/6 mouse hair follicles that can be activated by dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and translocate to the nucleus. This led to the design of a mouse model of androgen-induced AGA in vivo and in vitro. DHT was found to induce early hair regression, hair miniaturization, hair density loss, and changes in hair morphology in male C57BL/6 mice. These effects of DHT could be partly reversed by the AR antagonist bicalutamide. DHT had similar effects in an ex vivo model of hair loss. Evaluation of histology, organ culture, and protein expression could explain the mechanism by which DHT delayed hair regrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danlan Fu
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, China
| | - Junfei Huang
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, China
| | - Kaitao Li
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, China
| | - Yuxin Chen
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, China
| | - Ye He
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, China
| | - Yilong Guo
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, China
| | - Lijuan Du
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, China
| | - Qian Qu
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, China
| | - Yong Miao
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, China.
| | - Zhiqi Hu
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, China.
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Alonso MR, Damonte SP, Anesini C. Jarilla-Coffea extract: a natural cosmetic product that improves eyelash and eyebrow growth in women. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2019; 12:47-55. [PMID: 30666142 PMCID: PMC6330964 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s182497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Purpose A combination of extracts, from two plant species, ie, Coffea arabica and Larrea divaricata (Jarilla) (ECOHAIR®), is being successfully used in Argentina as a cosmetic for hair recovery in androgenic and areata alopecia, and for eyelash and eyebrow growth. The objectives of this prospective study were to evaluate the capacity of Jarilla–Coffea extract gel of improving hair growth in relation to thickness, appearance of new hair, and hair length in comparison with a placebo in premenopausal and postmenopausal volunteers and to identify possible signs of ocular adverse local reactions related to the application of the gel. Volunteers and methods An open-label, placebo-controlled, prospective study was performed in healthy premenopausal and postmenopausal women during a daily administration period of 2 months (eyebrow growth) and 3 months (eyelash growth). The thickness of hair was determined using a video microscope MedicalScope®. The appearance of new hairs and total area with hair in eyebrow and eyelash length were quantified using a photographic record with Fotofinder® (Germany). The number of volunteers presenting variation in growth of new hair and length were also recorded. Results The product significantly increased the thickness of eyebrows (20% in 80% women) and eyelashes (19.44% in 100% of women). The gel also increased the appearance of new hairs, total area with hair, and length but there was no statistical difference between treatment and placebo. Conclusion The gel was capable of improving growth of eyelashes and eyebrows by inducing principally hair thickening without causing local adverse effects in a high percentage of volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Rosario Alonso
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Department of Pharmacology, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina,
| | - Silvia Pérez Damonte
- CLAIM, José Bonifacio 717 (C1424 CHO) Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia Anesini
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Department of Pharmacology, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina,
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6
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Azuma K, Koizumi R, Izawa H, Morimoto M, Saimoto H, Osaki T, Ito N, Yamashita M, Tsuka T, Imagawa T, Okamoto Y, Inoue T, Ifuku S. Hair growth-promoting activities of chitosan and surface-deacetylated chitin nanofibers. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 126:11-17. [PMID: 30576733 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of chitosan and surface-deacetylated chitin nanofibrils (SDACNFs) on hair growth were evaluated. In human follicle dermal papilla cells in vitro, chitosan and SDACNFs were shown to increase cell growth on day 3 after the initiation of treatment, together with an increase in the production of fibroblast growth factor-7 (FGF-7) by these cells on day 3. Furthermore, in an in vivo study in mice, chitosan and SDACNF application promoted hair growth. The number of anagen follicles significantly increased compared with that in the control group, whereas the number of telogen follicles significantly decreased in the chitosan and SDACNF groups. In the chitosan and SDACNFs groups, moreover, the expression levels of FGF-7 and Sonic hedgehog were significantly upregulated in hair follicles. Overall, our results demonstrated that chitosan and SDACNFs promoted hair growth and therefore may have applications as novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of hair loss in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Azuma
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan.
| | - Ryo Koizumi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori 680-8552, Japan.
| | - Hironori Izawa
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan.
| | - Minoru Morimoto
- Division of Instrumental Analysis, Research Center for Bioscience and Technology, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori 680-8550, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Saimoto
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori 680-8552, Japan.
| | - Tomohiro Osaki
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan.
| | - Norihiko Ito
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan.
| | - Masamichi Yamashita
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Tsuka
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan.
| | - Tomohiro Imagawa
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan.
| | - Yoshiharu Okamoto
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan.
| | - Tadashi Inoue
- Marine Nano-fiber Co., Ltd., 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori 680-8552, Japan.
| | - Shinsuke Ifuku
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan; Marine Nano-fiber Co., Ltd., 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori 680-8552, Japan.
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7
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Sasaki M, Shinozaki S, Morinaga H, Kaneki M, Nishimura E, Shimokado K. iNOS inhibits hair regeneration in obese diabetic (ob/ob) mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 501:893-897. [PMID: 29763605 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.05.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that androgenic alopecia is associated with metabolic syndrome and diabetes. However, the detailed mechanism whereby diabetes causes alopecia still remains unclear. We focused on the inflammatory response that is caused by diabetes or obesity, given that inflammation is a risk factor for hair loss. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is known to be upregulated under conditions of acute or chronic inflammation. To clarify the potential role of iNOS in diabetes-related alopecia, we generated obese diabetic iNOS-deficient (ob/ob; iNOS-KO mice). We observed that ob/ob; iNOS-KO mice were potentiated for the transition from telogen (rest phase) to anagen (growth phase) in the hair cycle compared with iNOS-proficient ob/ob mice. To determine the effect of nitric oxide (NO) on the hair cycle, we administered an iNOS inhibitor intraperitoneally (compound 1400 W, 10 mg/kg) or topically (10% aminoguanidine) in ob/ob mice. We observed that iNOS inhibitors promoted anagen transition in ob/ob mice. Next, we administered an NO donor (S-nitrosoglutathione, GSNO), to test whether NO has the telogen elongation effects. The NO donor was sufficient to induce telogen elongation in wild-type mice. Together, our data indicate that iNOS-derived NO plays a role in telogen elongation under the inflammatory conditions associated with diabetes in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Sasaki
- Department of Geriatrics and Vascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shohei Shinozaki
- Department of Geriatrics and Vascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Arteriosclerosis and Vascular Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Hironobu Morinaga
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masao Kaneki
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Emi Nishimura
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Shimokado
- Department of Geriatrics and Vascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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8
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Sasaki M, Shinozaki S, Shimokado K. Sulforaphane promotes murine hair growth by accelerating the degradation of dihydrotestosterone. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 472:250-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.02.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Li Z, Ryu SW, Lee J, Choi K, Kim S, Choi C. Protopanaxatirol type ginsenoside Re promotes cyclic growth of hair follicles via inhibiting transforming growth factor β signaling cascades. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 470:924-9. [PMID: 26820528 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.01.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Ginsenosides, the major bio-active ingredients included in Panax ginseng, have been known for the hair growth activity and used to treat patients who suffer from hair loss; however, the detailed mechanisms of this action are still largely unknown. This study was conducted to investigate the molecular and cellular mechanisms responsible for hair growth promoting effect of ginsenoside Re (GRe) in vitro and in vivo. Different doses of minoxidil and GRe were administered topically to the back regions of nude mice for up to 45 days, and hair shaft length and hair cycles were determined for hair promoting activities. Topical treatment of GRe significantly increased the hair shaft length and hair existent time, which was comparable to the action of minoxidil. We also demonstrated that GRe stimulated hair shaft elongation in the ex vivo cultures of vibrissa hair follicles isolated from C57BL/6 mouse. Systemic transcriptome analysis by next generation sequencing demonstrated that TGF-β-pathway related genes were selectively down-regulated by treatment of GRe in vivo, and the same treatment suppressed TGF-β-induced phosphorylation of ERK in HeLa cells. The results clearly indicated that GRe is the effective constituent in the ginseng on hair promotion via selective inhibition of the hair growth phase transition related signaling pathways, TGF-β signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- Intelligent Synthetic Biology Center, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Wook Ryu
- KI for Biocentury, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Cellex Life Sciences Inc., Daejeon 305-732, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jungsul Lee
- Cellex Life Sciences Inc., Daejeon 305-732, Republic of Korea; Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungsun Choi
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunchang Kim
- Intelligent Synthetic Biology Center, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; KI for Biocentury, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chulhee Choi
- KI for Biocentury, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Cellex Life Sciences Inc., Daejeon 305-732, Republic of Korea; Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Otto C, Särnefält A, Ljungars A, Wolf S, Rohde-Schulz B, Fuchs I, Schkoldow J, Mattsson M, Vonk R, Harrenga A, Freiberg C. A Neutralizing Prolactin Receptor Antibody Whose In Vivo Application Mimics the Phenotype of Female Prolactin Receptor-Deficient Mice. Endocrinology 2015; 156:4365-73. [PMID: 26284426 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The prolactin receptor (PRLR) has been implicated in a variety of physiological processes (lactation, reproduction) and diseases (breast cancer, autoimmune diseases). Prolactin synthesis in the pituitary and extrapituitary sites is regulated by different promoters. Dopamine receptor agonists such as bromocriptine can only interfere with pituitary prolactin synthesis and thus do not induce a complete blockade of PRLR signaling. Here we describe the identification of a human monoclonal antibody 005-C04 that blocks PRLR-mediated signaling at nanomolar concentrations in vitro. In contrast to a negative control antibody, the neutralizing PRLR antibody 005-C04 inhibits signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 phosphorylation in T47D cells and proliferation of BaF3 cells stably expressing murine or human PRLRs in a dose-dependent manner. In vivo application of this new function-blocking PRLR antibody reflects the phenotype of PRLR-deficient mice. After antibody administration female mice become infertile in a reversible manner. In lactating dams, the antibody induces mammary gland involution and negatively interferes with lactation capacity as evidenced by reduced milk protein expression in mammary glands and impaired litter weight gain. Antibody-mediated blockade of the PRLR in vivo stimulates hair regrowth in female mice. Compared with peptide-derived PRLR antagonists, the PRLR antibody 005-C04 exhibits several advantages such as higher potency, noncompetitive inhibition of PRLR signaling, and a longer half-life, which allows its use as a tool compound also in long-term in vivo studies. Therefore, we suggest that this antibody will help to further our understanding of the role of auto- and paracrine PRLR signaling in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Otto
- TRG Oncology and Gynaecological Therapy (C.O., S.W., B.R.-S., I.F., J.S.), and Department of Research and Clinical Sciences Statistics (R.V.), Bayer Pharma AG, 13342 Berlin, Germany; Department of Protein Engineering (A.S., A.L., M.M.), BioInvent International AB, Soelvegatan 41, SE-223 70 Lund, Sweden; and Department of Global Biologics (A.H., C.F.), Bayer Pharma AG, Aprather Weg 18a, 42113 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Anna Särnefält
- TRG Oncology and Gynaecological Therapy (C.O., S.W., B.R.-S., I.F., J.S.), and Department of Research and Clinical Sciences Statistics (R.V.), Bayer Pharma AG, 13342 Berlin, Germany; Department of Protein Engineering (A.S., A.L., M.M.), BioInvent International AB, Soelvegatan 41, SE-223 70 Lund, Sweden; and Department of Global Biologics (A.H., C.F.), Bayer Pharma AG, Aprather Weg 18a, 42113 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Anne Ljungars
- TRG Oncology and Gynaecological Therapy (C.O., S.W., B.R.-S., I.F., J.S.), and Department of Research and Clinical Sciences Statistics (R.V.), Bayer Pharma AG, 13342 Berlin, Germany; Department of Protein Engineering (A.S., A.L., M.M.), BioInvent International AB, Soelvegatan 41, SE-223 70 Lund, Sweden; and Department of Global Biologics (A.H., C.F.), Bayer Pharma AG, Aprather Weg 18a, 42113 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Siegmund Wolf
- TRG Oncology and Gynaecological Therapy (C.O., S.W., B.R.-S., I.F., J.S.), and Department of Research and Clinical Sciences Statistics (R.V.), Bayer Pharma AG, 13342 Berlin, Germany; Department of Protein Engineering (A.S., A.L., M.M.), BioInvent International AB, Soelvegatan 41, SE-223 70 Lund, Sweden; and Department of Global Biologics (A.H., C.F.), Bayer Pharma AG, Aprather Weg 18a, 42113 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Beate Rohde-Schulz
- TRG Oncology and Gynaecological Therapy (C.O., S.W., B.R.-S., I.F., J.S.), and Department of Research and Clinical Sciences Statistics (R.V.), Bayer Pharma AG, 13342 Berlin, Germany; Department of Protein Engineering (A.S., A.L., M.M.), BioInvent International AB, Soelvegatan 41, SE-223 70 Lund, Sweden; and Department of Global Biologics (A.H., C.F.), Bayer Pharma AG, Aprather Weg 18a, 42113 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Iris Fuchs
- TRG Oncology and Gynaecological Therapy (C.O., S.W., B.R.-S., I.F., J.S.), and Department of Research and Clinical Sciences Statistics (R.V.), Bayer Pharma AG, 13342 Berlin, Germany; Department of Protein Engineering (A.S., A.L., M.M.), BioInvent International AB, Soelvegatan 41, SE-223 70 Lund, Sweden; and Department of Global Biologics (A.H., C.F.), Bayer Pharma AG, Aprather Weg 18a, 42113 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Jenny Schkoldow
- TRG Oncology and Gynaecological Therapy (C.O., S.W., B.R.-S., I.F., J.S.), and Department of Research and Clinical Sciences Statistics (R.V.), Bayer Pharma AG, 13342 Berlin, Germany; Department of Protein Engineering (A.S., A.L., M.M.), BioInvent International AB, Soelvegatan 41, SE-223 70 Lund, Sweden; and Department of Global Biologics (A.H., C.F.), Bayer Pharma AG, Aprather Weg 18a, 42113 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Mikael Mattsson
- TRG Oncology and Gynaecological Therapy (C.O., S.W., B.R.-S., I.F., J.S.), and Department of Research and Clinical Sciences Statistics (R.V.), Bayer Pharma AG, 13342 Berlin, Germany; Department of Protein Engineering (A.S., A.L., M.M.), BioInvent International AB, Soelvegatan 41, SE-223 70 Lund, Sweden; and Department of Global Biologics (A.H., C.F.), Bayer Pharma AG, Aprather Weg 18a, 42113 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Richardus Vonk
- TRG Oncology and Gynaecological Therapy (C.O., S.W., B.R.-S., I.F., J.S.), and Department of Research and Clinical Sciences Statistics (R.V.), Bayer Pharma AG, 13342 Berlin, Germany; Department of Protein Engineering (A.S., A.L., M.M.), BioInvent International AB, Soelvegatan 41, SE-223 70 Lund, Sweden; and Department of Global Biologics (A.H., C.F.), Bayer Pharma AG, Aprather Weg 18a, 42113 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Axel Harrenga
- TRG Oncology and Gynaecological Therapy (C.O., S.W., B.R.-S., I.F., J.S.), and Department of Research and Clinical Sciences Statistics (R.V.), Bayer Pharma AG, 13342 Berlin, Germany; Department of Protein Engineering (A.S., A.L., M.M.), BioInvent International AB, Soelvegatan 41, SE-223 70 Lund, Sweden; and Department of Global Biologics (A.H., C.F.), Bayer Pharma AG, Aprather Weg 18a, 42113 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Christoph Freiberg
- TRG Oncology and Gynaecological Therapy (C.O., S.W., B.R.-S., I.F., J.S.), and Department of Research and Clinical Sciences Statistics (R.V.), Bayer Pharma AG, 13342 Berlin, Germany; Department of Protein Engineering (A.S., A.L., M.M.), BioInvent International AB, Soelvegatan 41, SE-223 70 Lund, Sweden; and Department of Global Biologics (A.H., C.F.), Bayer Pharma AG, Aprather Weg 18a, 42113 Wuppertal, Germany
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Kretzschmar K, Cottle DL, Schweiger PJ, Watt FM. The Androgen Receptor Antagonizes Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling in Epidermal Stem Cells. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 135:2753-2763. [PMID: 26121213 PMCID: PMC4641324 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in adult mouse epidermis leads to expansion of the stem cell compartment and redirects keratinocytes in the interfollicular epidermis and sebaceous glands (SGs) to differentiate along the hair follicle (HF) lineages. Here we demonstrate that during epidermal development and homeostasis there is reciprocal activation of the androgen receptor (AR) and β-catenin in cells of the HF bulb. AR activation reduced β-catenin-dependent transcription, blocked β-catenin-induced induction of HF growth, and prevented β-catenin-mediated conversion of SGs into HFs. Conversely, AR inhibition enhanced the effects of β-catenin activation, promoting HF proliferation and differentiation, culminating in the formation of benign HF tumors and a complete loss of SG identity. We conclude that AR signaling has a key role in epidermal stem cell fate selection by modulating responses to β-catenin in adult mouse skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Kretzschmar
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital Campus, London, UK; Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Denny L Cottle
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Pawel J Schweiger
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fiona M Watt
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital Campus, London, UK.
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12
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Effects of dihydrotestosterone on rat dermal papilla cells in vitro. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 757:74-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Shin HS, Park SY, Song HG, Hwang E, Lee DG, Yi TH. The Androgenic Alopecia Protective Effects of Forsythiaside-A and the Molecular Regulation in a Mouse Model. Phytother Res 2015; 29:870-6. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Heon-Sub Shin
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Materials and Processing, College of Life Science; Kyung Hee University; 1 Seocheon-Dong Yongin 446-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Yong Park
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Materials and Processing, College of Life Science; Kyung Hee University; 1 Seocheon-Dong Yongin 446-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Geun Song
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Materials and Processing, College of Life Science; Kyung Hee University; 1 Seocheon-Dong Yongin 446-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Eunson Hwang
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Materials and Processing, College of Life Science; Kyung Hee University; 1 Seocheon-Dong Yongin 446-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Don-Gil Lee
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Materials and Processing, College of Life Science; Kyung Hee University; 1 Seocheon-Dong Yongin 446-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hoo Yi
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Materials and Processing, College of Life Science; Kyung Hee University; 1 Seocheon-Dong Yongin 446-701 Republic of Korea
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Park HJ. CARI ONE Induces Anagen Phase of Telogenic Hair Follicles Through Regulation of β-Catenin, Stimulation of Dermal Papilla Cell Proliferation, and Melanogenesis. J Diet Suppl 2014; 11:320-33. [DOI: 10.3109/19390211.2014.887600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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15
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Chang C, Yeh S, Lee SO, Chang TM. Androgen receptor (AR) pathophysiological roles in androgen-related diseases in skin, bone/muscle, metabolic syndrome and neuron/immune systems: lessons learned from mice lacking AR in specific cells. NUCLEAR RECEPTOR SIGNALING 2013; 11:e001. [PMID: 24653668 PMCID: PMC3960937 DOI: 10.1621/nrs.11001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) is expressed ubiquitously and plays a variety of roles in a vast number of physiological and pathophysiological processes. Recent studies of AR knockout (ARKO) mouse models, particularly the cell type- or tissue-specific ARKO models, have uncovered many AR cell type- or tissue-specific pathophysiological roles in mice, which otherwise would not be delineated from conventional castration and androgen insensitivity syndrome studies. Thus, the AR in various specific cell types plays pivotal roles in production and maturation of immune cells, bone mineralization, and muscle growth. In metabolism, the ARs in brain, particularly in the hypothalamus, and the liver appear to participate in regulation of insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis. The AR also plays key roles in cutaneous wound healing and cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis and abdominal aortic aneurysm. This article will discuss the results obtained from the total, cell type-, or tissue-specific ARKO models. The understanding of AR cell type- or tissue-specific physiological and pathophysiological roles using these in
vivo mouse models will provide useful information in uncovering AR roles in humans and eventually help us to develop better therapies via targeting the AR or its downstream signaling molecules to combat androgen/AR-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chawnshang Chang
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, Radiation Oncology, and the Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA (CC, SY, SOL, T-MC) and Sex Hormone Research Center, China Medical University/Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (CC)
| | - Shuyuan Yeh
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, Radiation Oncology, and the Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA (CC, SY, SOL, T-MC) and Sex Hormone Research Center, China Medical University/Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (CC)
| | - Soo Ok Lee
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, Radiation Oncology, and the Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA (CC, SY, SOL, T-MC) and Sex Hormone Research Center, China Medical University/Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (CC)
| | - Ta-Min Chang
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, Radiation Oncology, and the Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA (CC, SY, SOL, T-MC) and Sex Hormone Research Center, China Medical University/Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (CC)
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c-MYC-induced sebaceous gland differentiation is controlled by an androgen receptor/p53 axis. Cell Rep 2013; 3:427-41. [PMID: 23403291 PMCID: PMC3778892 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2013.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Revised: 10/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the sebaceous gland (SG) plays an important role in skin function, the mechanisms regulating SG differentiation and carcinoma formation are poorly understood. We previously reported that c-MYC overexpression stimulates SG differentiation. We now demonstrate roles for the androgen receptor (AR) and p53. MYC-induced SG differentiation was reduced in mice lacking a functional AR. High levels of MYC triggered a p53-dependent DNA damage response, leading to accumulation of proliferative SG progenitors and inhibition of AR signaling. Conversely, testosterone treatment or p53 deletion activated AR signaling and restored MYC-induced differentiation. Poorly differentiated human sebaceous carcinomas exhibited high p53 and low AR expression. Thus, the consequences of overactivating MYC in the SG depend on whether AR or p53 is activated, as they form a regulatory axis controlling proliferation and differentiation.
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Zhang NN, Park DK, Park HJ. Hair growth-promoting activity of hot water extract of Thuja orientalis. Altern Ther Health Med 2013; 13:9. [PMID: 23305186 PMCID: PMC3637267 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thuja orientalis has been traditionally used to treat patients who suffer from baldness and hair loss in East Asia. The present study sought to investigate the hair growth-promoting activity of T. orientalis hot water extract and the underlying mechanism of action. METHODS After T. orientalis extract was topically applied to the shaved dorsal skin of telogenic C57BL/6 N mice, the histomorphometric analysis was employed to study induction of the hair follicle cycle. To determine the effect of T. orientalis extract on the telogen to anagen transition, the protein expression levels of β-catenin and Sonic hedgehog (Shh) in hair follicles were determined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS We observed that T. orientalis extract promoted hair growth by inducing the anagen phase in telogenic C57BL/6 N mice. Specifically, the histomorphometric analysis data indicates that topical application of T. orientalis extract induced an earlier anagen phase and prolonged the mature anagen phase, in contrast to either the control or 1% minoxidil-treated group. We also observed increases in both the number and size of hair follicles of the T. orientalis extract-treated group. Moreover, the immunohistochemical analysis reveals earlier induction of β-catenin and Shh proteins in hair follicles of the T. orientalis extract-treated group, compared to the control or 1% minoxidil-treated group. CONCLUSION These results suggest that T. orientalis extract promotes hair growth by inducing the anagen phase in resting hair follicles and might therefore be a potential hair growth-promoting agent.
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Lai JJ, Chang P, Lai KP, Chen L, Chang C. The role of androgen and androgen receptor in skin-related disorders. Arch Dermatol Res 2012; 304:499-510. [PMID: 22829074 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-012-1265-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Revised: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Androgen and androgen receptor (AR) may play important roles in several skin-related diseases, such as androgenetic alopecia and acne vulgaris. Current treatments for these androgen/AR-involved diseases, which target the synthesis of androgens or prevent its binding to AR, can cause significant adverse side effects. Based on the recent studies using AR knockout mice, it has been suggested that AR and androgens play distinct roles in the skin pathogenesis, and AR seems to be a better target than androgens for the treatment of these skin diseases. Here, we review recent studies of androgen/AR roles in several skin-related disorders, including acne vulgaris, androgenetic alopecia and hirsutism, as well as cutaneous wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiann-Jyh Lai
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology and Urology and The Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Box 626, URMC, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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Abstract
Androgens, the male sex hormones, exert various biological effects on many target organs through the transcriptional effects of the nuclear androgen receptor (AR). ARs are expressed not only in classical target organs, such as the brain, genital organs, bone, and skeletal muscles, but also in the cardiovascular system. Because the female sex hormones estrogens are well-known to protect against cardiovascular disease, sex has been considered to have a significant clinical impact on cardiovascular mortality. However, the influence of androgens on the cardiovascular system has not been fully elucidated. To clarify this issue, we analyzed the effects of administration of angiotensin II and doxorubicin, an anticancer agent, in a loading model in male wild-type and AR-deficient mice. In this review, we focus on the actions of androgens as potential targets for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasumasa Ikeda
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Tokushima, Graduate School of Health Biosciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
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Uchiyama C, Ishida K, Tsutsui T, Naito A, Kurita K, Hanihara H, Serizawa T, Fujiwara M, Ohdera M. Effects of Hura crepitans and Its Active Ingredient, Daphne Factor F3, on Dihydrotestosterone-Induced Neurotrophin-4 Activation and Hair Retardation. Biol Pharm Bull 2012; 35:42-7. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.35.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Atsushi Naito
- Life Science Research Laboratories, Lion Corporation
| | - Kei Kurita
- Life Science Research Laboratories, Lion Corporation
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22
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2009; 16:260-77. [PMID: 19390324 DOI: 10.1097/med.0b013e32832c937e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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