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Gurule NJ, Malcolm KC, Harris C, Knapp JR, O'Connor BP, McClendon J, Janssen WJ, Lee FFY, Price C, Osaghae-Nosa J, Wheeler EA, McMahon CM, Pietras EM, Pollyea DA, Alper S. Myelodysplastic neoplasm-associated U2AF1 mutations induce host defense defects by compromising neutrophil chemotaxis. Leukemia 2023; 37:2115-2124. [PMID: 37591942 PMCID: PMC10539173 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-023-02007-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Myelodysplastic neoplasm (MDS) is a hematopoietic stem cell disorder that may evolve into acute myeloid leukemia. Fatal infection is among the most common cause of death in MDS patients, likely due to myeloid cell cytopenia and dysfunction in these patients. Mutations in genes that encode components of the spliceosome represent the most common class of somatically acquired mutations in MDS patients. To determine the molecular underpinnings of the host defense defects in MDS patients, we investigated the MDS-associated spliceosome mutation U2AF1-S34F using a transgenic mouse model that expresses this mutant gene. We found that U2AF1-S34F causes a profound host defense defect in these mice, likely by inducing a significant neutrophil chemotaxis defect. Studies in human neutrophils suggest that this effect of U2AF1-S34F likely extends to MDS patients as well. RNA-seq analysis suggests that the expression of multiple genes that mediate cell migration are affected by this spliceosome mutation and therefore are likely drivers of this neutrophil dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia J Gurule
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
- Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz, CO, USA
| | | | - Chelsea Harris
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
- Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Jennifer R Knapp
- Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Brian P O'Connor
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
- Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz, CO, USA
| | | | - William J Janssen
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Frank Fang Yao Lee
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
- Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz, CO, USA
| | - Caitlin Price
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jackson Osaghae-Nosa
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
- Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Emily A Wheeler
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | | | - Eric M Pietras
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Scott Alper
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA.
- Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA.
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz, CO, USA.
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Brings C, Fröbel J, Cadeddu P, Germing U, Haas R, Gattermann N. Impaired formation of neutrophil extracellular traps in patients with MDS. Blood Adv 2022; 6:129-137. [PMID: 34653237 PMCID: PMC8753191 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021005721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are networks of extracellular fibers primarily composed of DNA and histone proteins, which bind pathogens. We investigated NET formation in 12 patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and 15 age-adjusted normal controls after stimulation with phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA). Histones and neutrophil elastase were visualized by immunostaining. Since NET formation is triggered by reactive oxygen species (ROS), mainly produced by reduced NADP-oxidase and myeloperoxidase (MPO), ROS were analyzed by flow cytometry using hydroethidine, 3'-(p-aminophenyl) fluorescein, and 3'-(hydroxyphenyl) fluorescein. On fluorescence microscopy, PMA-stimulated MDS neutrophils generated fewer NETs than controls (stimulated increase from 17% to 67% vs 17% to 85%) (P = .02) and showed less cellular swelling (P = .04). The decrease in mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, indicating chromatin decondensation, was significantly less in MDS neutrophils than controls (ΔMFI 3467 vs ΔMFI 4687, P = .03). In addition, the decrease in MFI for fluorescein isothiocyanate, indicating release of neutrophil elastase from cytoplasmic granules, was diminished in patients with MDS (P = .00002). On flow cytometry, less cell swelling after PMA (P = .02) and a smaller decrease in granularity after H2O2 stimulation (P = .002) were confirmed. PMA-stimulated ROS production and oxidative burst activity did not reveal significant differences between MDS and controls. However, inhibition of MPO activity was more easily achieved in patients with MDS (P = .01), corroborating the notion of a partial MPO defect. We conclude that NET formation is significantly impaired in MDS neutrophils. Although we found abnormalities of MPO-dependent generation of hypochloride, impaired ROS production may not be the only cause of deficient NETosis in MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Brings
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Julia Fröbel
- Department of Immunology, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany; and
| | - Patrick Cadeddu
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ulrich Germing
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rainer Haas
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Norbert Gattermann
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Busetto S, Trevisan E, Decleva E, Dri P, Menegazzi R. Chloride movements in human neutrophils during phagocytosis: characterization and relationship to granule release. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 179:4110-24. [PMID: 17785850 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.6.4110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Chloride ion efflux is an early event occurring after exposure of human neutrophils to several soluble agonists. Under these circumstances, a rapid and reversible fall in the high basal intracellular chloride (Cl-i) levels is observed. This event is thought to play a crucial role in the modulation of several critical neutrophil responses including activation and up-regulation of adhesion molecules, cell attachment and spreading, cytoplasmic alkalinization, and activation of the respiratory burst. At present, however, no data are available on chloride ion movements during neutrophil phagocytosis. In this study, we provide evidence that phagocytosis of Candida albicans opsonized with either whole serum, complement-derived opsonins, or purified human IgG elicits an early and long-lasting Cl- efflux accompanied by a marked, irreversible loss of Cl-i. Simultaneous assessment of Cl- efflux and phagocytosis in cytochalasin D-treated neutrophils indicated that Cl- efflux occurs without particle ingestion. These results suggest that engagement of immune receptors is sufficient to promote chloride ion movements. Several structurally unrelated chloride channel blockers inhibited phagocytosis-induced Cl- efflux as well as the release of azurophilic-but not specific-granules. It implicates that different neutrophil secretory compartments display distinct sensitivity to Cl-i modifications. Intriguingly, inhibitors of Cl- exchange inhibited cytosolic Ca2+ elevation, whereas Cl- efflux was not impaired in Ca2+-depleted neutrophils. We also show that FcgammaR(s)- and CR3/CR1-mediated Cl- efflux appears to be dependent on protein tyrosine phosphorylation but independent of PI3K and phospholipase C activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Busetto
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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Mazzone A, Porta C, Fossati G, Gritti D, Mazzucchelli I, Ricevuti G. Granulocyte dysplasia and dysfunction, and CD11/CD18 defects in myelodysplastic syndromes. Leuk Lymphoma 1996; 23:267-75. [PMID: 9031107 DOI: 10.3109/10428199609054829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), dysplastic changes in neutrophils are a common feature reflecting the total degree of bone marrow dysplasia. Furthermore, granulocyte function is abnormal, so that a high risk of life-threatening infections has been documented. In this review we shall focus on the defects of both granulocytes and their CD11b/CD18 glycoprotein complex, which regulate granulocyte adherence, locomotion, diapedesis and migration into inflammatory sites, in patients suffering from primary MDS. The defective surface membrane glycoprotein expression of myelodysplastic phagocytes is not only a useful diagnostic tool, but also a powerful prognostic one, since MDS patients with such defects present both an increased susceptibility to infections and a decreased survival. Moreover, the administration of colony-stimulating factors is known to be able to elicit long-lasting improvement in neutrophil count, CD11b/CD18 expression and function, marrow myeloid maturation, and possibly to decrease bacterial infections in MDS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mazzone
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Terapia Medica, Università degli Studi di Pavia, I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Matteo, Italy
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Bendix-Hansen K. Myeloperoxidase deficient polymorphonuclear leucocytes: computerized planimetric estimations of cellular and nuclear size. VIRCHOWS ARCHIV. B, CELL PATHOLOGY INCLUDING MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY 1986; 52:319-25. [PMID: 2883756 DOI: 10.1007/bf02889974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative estimations of the mean areas of cell, nucleus and cytoplasm in polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) were performed by automated image analysis of blood smears from six patients with acute myeloid leukaemia. The PMN were qualitatively separated by a cytochemical staining method into two well-defined subpopulations i.e. myeloperoxidase (MPO)-normal and MPO-deficient PMN. MPO-deficient PMN were characterized by a decreased size of the total cell (P less than 0.01), an increased size of the nucleus (P less than 0.01) and a decreased size of the cytoplasm (P less than 0.01). The resulting highly increased nucleus-to-cytoplasm ratio in this specific PMN subpopulation bears a striking resemblance to cells in malignant tumours. The planimetric results in this study further support the concept that MPO-deficient PMN may be the progeny of leukaemic precursors.
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Martin S, Baldock SC, Ghoneim AT, Child JA. Defective neutrophil function and microbicidal mechanisms in the myelodysplastic disorders. J Clin Pathol 1983; 36:1120-8. [PMID: 6311878 PMCID: PMC498487 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.36.10.1120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophil function studies have been carried out in a series of 44 patients with primary myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). In vitro tests of phagocytosis and killing of Candida guilliermondii and Staphylococcus aureus identified 13 patients with abnormal neutrophil function at presentation and a further 10 who developed abnormalities during the course of their disease. The incidence of defective function in the five disease categories in this series was: refractory cytopenia (RC) 8/17; refractory cytopenia with sideroblastic change (RC + SC) 5/8; acquired idiopathic sideroblastic anaemia (AISA) 2/4; refractory anaemia with excess blasts (RAEB) 7/11; chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (CMML) 1/4. Eleven of 23 patients with defective neutrophil function experienced severe infective complications; in only three of these patients were neutrophil counts less than 1 X 10(9)/l and susceptibility to infection was considered to reflect, at least partially, qualitative neutrophil abnormalities. There was no correlation between absolute neutrophil count and defective function. Abnormal overall neutrophil microbicidal activity was equally associated with impaired and normal phagocytosis. Some patients with intracellular killing defects had reduced myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities and one had reduced hexose monophosphate shunt (HMPS) activity. In two patients, whose neutrophils showed markedly impaired candidacidal activity, levamisole corrected function when added in vitro at 10(-7) M and also when administered in therapeutic dosage. It is suggested that deranged function, probably reflecting abnormalities in maturation of the granulocyte series, occurs across the myelodysplastic spectrum and that several microbicidal mechanisms may be defective.
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