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Moore HB, Moore EE, Neal MD, Sheppard FR, Kornblith LZ, Draxler DF, Walsh M, Medcalf RL, Cohen MJ, Cotton BA, Thomas SG, Leeper CM, Gaines BA, Sauaia A. Fibrinolysis Shutdown in Trauma: Historical Review and Clinical Implications. Anesth Analg 2019; 129:762-773. [PMID: 31425218 PMCID: PMC7340109 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000004234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite over a half-century of recognizing fibrinolytic abnormalities after trauma, we remain in our infancy in understanding the underlying mechanisms causing these changes, resulting in ineffective treatment strategies. With the increased utilization of viscoelastic hemostatic assays (VHAs) to measure fibrinolysis in trauma, more questions than answers are emerging. Although it seems certain that low fibrinolytic activity measured by VHA is common after injury and associated with increased mortality, we now recognize subphenotypes within this population and that specific cohorts arise depending on the specific time from injury when samples are collected. Future studies should focus on these subtleties and distinctions, as hypofibrinolysis, acute shutdown, and persistent shutdown appear to represent distinct, unique clinical phenotypes, with different pathophysiology, and warranting different treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunter B. Moore
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Ernest E. Moore
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Surgery, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, Colorado
| | - Matthew D. Neal
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Lucy Z. Kornblith
- Department of Surgery, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Dominik F. Draxler
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mark Walsh
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Hospital Trauma Center, Springfield, Illinois
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Memorial Hospital Trauma Center, Springfield, Illinois
| | - Robert L. Medcalf
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mitch J. Cohen
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Surgery, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, Colorado
| | - Bryan A. Cotton
- Department of Surgery, Center for Translational Injury Research, The McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Scott G. Thomas
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Hospital Trauma Center, Springfield, Illinois
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Memorial Hospital Trauma Center, Springfield, Illinois
| | - Christine M. Leeper
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Barbara A. Gaines
- Department of Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Angela Sauaia
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
- Division of Health Systems, Management, and Policy, University of Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado
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3
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Seidelmann SB, Smith E, Subrahmanyan L, Dykas D, Abou Ziki MD, Azari B, Hannah-Shmouni F, Jiang Y, Akar JG, Marieb M, Jacoby D, Bale AE, Lifton RP, Mani A. Application of Whole Exome Sequencing in the Clinical Diagnosis and Management of Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases in Adults. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 10:CIRCGENETICS.116.001573. [PMID: 28087566 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.116.001573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the advent of high throughput sequencing, the identification of genetic causes of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has become an integral part of medical diagnosis and management and at the forefront of personalized medicine in this field. The use of whole exome sequencing for clinical diagnosis, risk stratification, and management of inherited CVD has not been previously evaluated. METHODS AND RESULTS We analyzed the results of whole exome sequencing in first 200 adult patients with inherited CVD, who underwent genetic testing at the Yale Program for Cardiovascular Genetics. Genetic diagnosis was reached and reported with a success rate of 26.5% (53 of 200 patients). This compares to 18% (36 of 200) that would have been diagnosed using commercially available genetic panels (P=0.04). Whole exome sequencing was particularly useful for clinical diagnosis in patients with aborted sudden cardiac death, in whom the primary insult for the presence of both depressed cardiac function and prolonged QT had remained unknown. The analysis of the remaining cases using genome annotation and disease segregation led to the discovery of novel candidate genes in another 14% of the cases. CONCLUSIONS Whole exome sequencing is an exceptionally valuable screening tool for its capability to establish the clinical diagnosis of inherited CVDs, particularly for poorly defined cases of sudden cardiac death. By presenting novel candidate genes and their potential disease associations, we also provide evidence for the use of this genetic tool for the identification of novel CVD genes. Creation and sharing of exome databases across centers of care should facilitate the discovery of unknown CVD genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara B Seidelmann
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.B.S., E.S., L.S., M.D.A.Z., B.A., J.G.A., M.M., D.J., A.M.), Yale Program for Cardiovascular Genetics (S.B.S., E.S., L.S., F.H.-S., A.M.), Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (D.D., A.E.B., R.P.L., A.M.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Radiology (S.B.S.) and Division of Cardiac Imaging (S.B.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Key Laboratory of Clinical Trail Research in Cardiovascular Drugs, Ministry of Health Cardiovascular Institute, Fu Wai Hospital, CAMS and PUMC, Beijing, China (Y.J.)
| | - Emily Smith
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.B.S., E.S., L.S., M.D.A.Z., B.A., J.G.A., M.M., D.J., A.M.), Yale Program for Cardiovascular Genetics (S.B.S., E.S., L.S., F.H.-S., A.M.), Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (D.D., A.E.B., R.P.L., A.M.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Radiology (S.B.S.) and Division of Cardiac Imaging (S.B.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Key Laboratory of Clinical Trail Research in Cardiovascular Drugs, Ministry of Health Cardiovascular Institute, Fu Wai Hospital, CAMS and PUMC, Beijing, China (Y.J.)
| | - Lakshman Subrahmanyan
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.B.S., E.S., L.S., M.D.A.Z., B.A., J.G.A., M.M., D.J., A.M.), Yale Program for Cardiovascular Genetics (S.B.S., E.S., L.S., F.H.-S., A.M.), Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (D.D., A.E.B., R.P.L., A.M.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Radiology (S.B.S.) and Division of Cardiac Imaging (S.B.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Key Laboratory of Clinical Trail Research in Cardiovascular Drugs, Ministry of Health Cardiovascular Institute, Fu Wai Hospital, CAMS and PUMC, Beijing, China (Y.J.)
| | - Daniel Dykas
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.B.S., E.S., L.S., M.D.A.Z., B.A., J.G.A., M.M., D.J., A.M.), Yale Program for Cardiovascular Genetics (S.B.S., E.S., L.S., F.H.-S., A.M.), Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (D.D., A.E.B., R.P.L., A.M.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Radiology (S.B.S.) and Division of Cardiac Imaging (S.B.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Key Laboratory of Clinical Trail Research in Cardiovascular Drugs, Ministry of Health Cardiovascular Institute, Fu Wai Hospital, CAMS and PUMC, Beijing, China (Y.J.)
| | - Maen D Abou Ziki
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.B.S., E.S., L.S., M.D.A.Z., B.A., J.G.A., M.M., D.J., A.M.), Yale Program for Cardiovascular Genetics (S.B.S., E.S., L.S., F.H.-S., A.M.), Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (D.D., A.E.B., R.P.L., A.M.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Radiology (S.B.S.) and Division of Cardiac Imaging (S.B.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Key Laboratory of Clinical Trail Research in Cardiovascular Drugs, Ministry of Health Cardiovascular Institute, Fu Wai Hospital, CAMS and PUMC, Beijing, China (Y.J.)
| | - Bani Azari
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.B.S., E.S., L.S., M.D.A.Z., B.A., J.G.A., M.M., D.J., A.M.), Yale Program for Cardiovascular Genetics (S.B.S., E.S., L.S., F.H.-S., A.M.), Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (D.D., A.E.B., R.P.L., A.M.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Radiology (S.B.S.) and Division of Cardiac Imaging (S.B.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Key Laboratory of Clinical Trail Research in Cardiovascular Drugs, Ministry of Health Cardiovascular Institute, Fu Wai Hospital, CAMS and PUMC, Beijing, China (Y.J.)
| | - Fady Hannah-Shmouni
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.B.S., E.S., L.S., M.D.A.Z., B.A., J.G.A., M.M., D.J., A.M.), Yale Program for Cardiovascular Genetics (S.B.S., E.S., L.S., F.H.-S., A.M.), Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (D.D., A.E.B., R.P.L., A.M.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Radiology (S.B.S.) and Division of Cardiac Imaging (S.B.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Key Laboratory of Clinical Trail Research in Cardiovascular Drugs, Ministry of Health Cardiovascular Institute, Fu Wai Hospital, CAMS and PUMC, Beijing, China (Y.J.)
| | - Yuexin Jiang
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.B.S., E.S., L.S., M.D.A.Z., B.A., J.G.A., M.M., D.J., A.M.), Yale Program for Cardiovascular Genetics (S.B.S., E.S., L.S., F.H.-S., A.M.), Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (D.D., A.E.B., R.P.L., A.M.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Radiology (S.B.S.) and Division of Cardiac Imaging (S.B.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Key Laboratory of Clinical Trail Research in Cardiovascular Drugs, Ministry of Health Cardiovascular Institute, Fu Wai Hospital, CAMS and PUMC, Beijing, China (Y.J.)
| | - Joseph G Akar
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.B.S., E.S., L.S., M.D.A.Z., B.A., J.G.A., M.M., D.J., A.M.), Yale Program for Cardiovascular Genetics (S.B.S., E.S., L.S., F.H.-S., A.M.), Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (D.D., A.E.B., R.P.L., A.M.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Radiology (S.B.S.) and Division of Cardiac Imaging (S.B.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Key Laboratory of Clinical Trail Research in Cardiovascular Drugs, Ministry of Health Cardiovascular Institute, Fu Wai Hospital, CAMS and PUMC, Beijing, China (Y.J.)
| | - Mark Marieb
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.B.S., E.S., L.S., M.D.A.Z., B.A., J.G.A., M.M., D.J., A.M.), Yale Program for Cardiovascular Genetics (S.B.S., E.S., L.S., F.H.-S., A.M.), Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (D.D., A.E.B., R.P.L., A.M.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Radiology (S.B.S.) and Division of Cardiac Imaging (S.B.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Key Laboratory of Clinical Trail Research in Cardiovascular Drugs, Ministry of Health Cardiovascular Institute, Fu Wai Hospital, CAMS and PUMC, Beijing, China (Y.J.)
| | - Daniel Jacoby
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.B.S., E.S., L.S., M.D.A.Z., B.A., J.G.A., M.M., D.J., A.M.), Yale Program for Cardiovascular Genetics (S.B.S., E.S., L.S., F.H.-S., A.M.), Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (D.D., A.E.B., R.P.L., A.M.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Radiology (S.B.S.) and Division of Cardiac Imaging (S.B.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Key Laboratory of Clinical Trail Research in Cardiovascular Drugs, Ministry of Health Cardiovascular Institute, Fu Wai Hospital, CAMS and PUMC, Beijing, China (Y.J.)
| | - Allen E Bale
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.B.S., E.S., L.S., M.D.A.Z., B.A., J.G.A., M.M., D.J., A.M.), Yale Program for Cardiovascular Genetics (S.B.S., E.S., L.S., F.H.-S., A.M.), Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (D.D., A.E.B., R.P.L., A.M.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Radiology (S.B.S.) and Division of Cardiac Imaging (S.B.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Key Laboratory of Clinical Trail Research in Cardiovascular Drugs, Ministry of Health Cardiovascular Institute, Fu Wai Hospital, CAMS and PUMC, Beijing, China (Y.J.)
| | - Richard P Lifton
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.B.S., E.S., L.S., M.D.A.Z., B.A., J.G.A., M.M., D.J., A.M.), Yale Program for Cardiovascular Genetics (S.B.S., E.S., L.S., F.H.-S., A.M.), Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (D.D., A.E.B., R.P.L., A.M.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Radiology (S.B.S.) and Division of Cardiac Imaging (S.B.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Key Laboratory of Clinical Trail Research in Cardiovascular Drugs, Ministry of Health Cardiovascular Institute, Fu Wai Hospital, CAMS and PUMC, Beijing, China (Y.J.)
| | - Arya Mani
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.B.S., E.S., L.S., M.D.A.Z., B.A., J.G.A., M.M., D.J., A.M.), Yale Program for Cardiovascular Genetics (S.B.S., E.S., L.S., F.H.-S., A.M.), Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (D.D., A.E.B., R.P.L., A.M.); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Radiology (S.B.S.) and Division of Cardiac Imaging (S.B.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Key Laboratory of Clinical Trail Research in Cardiovascular Drugs, Ministry of Health Cardiovascular Institute, Fu Wai Hospital, CAMS and PUMC, Beijing, China (Y.J.).
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4
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Larsson P, Alwis I, Niego B, Sashindranath M, Fogelstrand P, Wu MCL, Glise L, Magnusson M, Daglas M, Bergh N, Jackson SP, Medcalf RL, Jern S. Valproic acid selectively increases vascular endothelial tissue-type plasminogen activator production and reduces thrombus formation in the mouse. J Thromb Haemost 2016; 14:2496-2508. [PMID: 27706906 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Essentials Stimulating endogenous fibrinolysis could be a novel antithrombotic strategy. The effect of valproic acid on endothelial tissue plasminogen activator in mice was investigated. Valproic acid increased tissue plasminogen activator expression in vascular endothelium. Valproic acid reduced fibrin deposition and thrombus formation after vascular injury. SUMMARY Background The endogenous fibrinolytic system has rarely been considered as a target to prevent thrombotic disease. Tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) production is potently increased by histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors in endothelial cells in vitro, but whether this translates into increased vascular t-PA production and an enhanced fibrinolytic capacity in vivo is unknown. Objectives To determine whether the HDAC inhibitor valproic acid (VPA) stimulates production of t-PA in the vasculature of mice, and whether VPA pretreatment affects fibrin deposition and clot formation after mechanical vessel injury. Methods Mice were injected with VPA twice daily for up to 5 days. t-PA mRNA, and antigen expression in the mouse aorta and the circulating levels of t-PA were determined. Fibrin and thrombus dynamics after mechanical vessel injury were monitored with intravital confocal microscopy. Potential effects of VPA on platelets and coagulation were investigated. Results and Conclusions We found that VPA treatment increased vascular t-PA production in vivo and, importantly, that VPA administration was associated with reduced fibrin accumulation and smaller thrombi in response to vascular injury, but still was not associated with an increased risk of bleeding. Furthermore, we observed that higher concentrations of VPA were required to stimulate t-PA production in the brain than in the vasculature. Thus, this study shows that VPA can be dosed to selectively manipulate the fibrinolytic system in the vascular compartment and reduce thrombus formation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Larsson
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - I Alwis
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Heart Research Institute, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - B Niego
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Molecular Neurotrauma and Haemostasis, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - M Sashindranath
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Molecular Neurotrauma and Haemostasis, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - P Fogelstrand
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - M C L Wu
- Heart Research Institute, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - L Glise
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - M Magnusson
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - M Daglas
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Molecular Neurotrauma and Haemostasis, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - N Bergh
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - S P Jackson
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Heart Research Institute, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - R L Medcalf
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Molecular Neurotrauma and Haemostasis, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - S Jern
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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