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Oliveira E, Bacelar TS, Ciudad J, Ribeiro MCM, Garcia DRN, Sedek L, Maia SF, Aranha DB, Machado IC, Ikeda A, Baglioli BF, Lopez-Duarte N, Teixeira LAC, Szczepanski T, Silva MLM, Land MGP, Orfao A, Costa ES. Altered neutrophil immunophenotypes in childhood B‑cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Oncotarget 2017; 7:24664-76. [PMID: 27028865 PMCID: PMC5029732 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of evidences suggest a genetic predisposition in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) that might favor the occurrence of the driver genetic alterations. Such genetic background might also translate into phenotypic alterations of residual hematopoietic cells. Whether such phenotypic alterations are present in bone marrow (BM) cells from childhood B-cell precursor (BCP)-ALL remains to be investigated. Here we analyzed the immunophenotypic profile of BM and peripheral blood (PB) maturing/matured neutrophils from 118 children with BCP-ALL and their relationship with the features of the disease. Our results showed altered neutrophil phenotypes in most (77%) BCP-ALL cases. The most frequently altered marker was CD10 (53%), followed by CD33 (34%), CD13 (15%), CD15/CD65 (10%) and CD123 (7%). Of note, patients with altered neutrophil phenotypes had younger age (p = 0.03) and lower percentages of BM maturing neutrophils (p = 0.004) together with greater BM lymphocyte (p = 0.04), and mature B-cell (p = 0.03) counts. No significant association was found between an altered neutrophil phenotype and other disease features. These findings point out the potential existence of an altered residual hematopoiesis in most childhood BCP-ALL cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elen Oliveira
- Clinical Medicine Postgraduate Program, College of Medicine, Rio de Janeiro Federal University (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Cytometry Service, Institute of Pediatrics and Puericulture Martagão Gesteira (IPPMG), UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thiago S Bacelar
- Cytometry Service, Institute of Pediatrics and Puericulture Martagão Gesteira (IPPMG), UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juana Ciudad
- Departament of Medicine and Cytometry Service, Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, USAL-CSIC), Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca (USAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Daniela R N Garcia
- Clinical Medicine Postgraduate Program, College of Medicine, Rio de Janeiro Federal University (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Cytogenetics Department, Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit and Oncology Post Graduation Program, National Cancer Institute (INCa), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lukasz Sedek
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Simone F Maia
- Service of Pediatric Hematology, Federal Lagoa Hospital (HFL), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniel B Aranha
- Clinical Medicine Postgraduate Program, College of Medicine, Rio de Janeiro Federal University (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Indyara C Machado
- Service of Pediatric Hematology, São José do Avaí Hospital (HSJA), Itaperuna, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Arissa Ikeda
- Service of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Servidores do Estado Federal Hospital (HSE), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bianca F Baglioli
- Service of Pediatric Hematology, Children's Cancer Hospital of Barretos, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Lopez-Duarte
- Cytometry Service, Institute of Pediatrics and Puericulture Martagão Gesteira (IPPMG), UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lisandra A C Teixeira
- Clinical Medicine Postgraduate Program, College of Medicine, Rio de Janeiro Federal University (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Cytometry Service, Institute of Pediatrics and Puericulture Martagão Gesteira (IPPMG), UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tomasz Szczepanski
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Maria Luiza M Silva
- Cytogenetics Department, Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit and Oncology Post Graduation Program, National Cancer Institute (INCa), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelo G P Land
- Clinical Medicine Postgraduate Program, College of Medicine, Rio de Janeiro Federal University (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Cytometry Service, Institute of Pediatrics and Puericulture Martagão Gesteira (IPPMG), UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alberto Orfao
- Departament of Medicine and Cytometry Service, Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, USAL-CSIC), Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca (USAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Elaine S Costa
- Clinical Medicine Postgraduate Program, College of Medicine, Rio de Janeiro Federal University (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Cytometry Service, Institute of Pediatrics and Puericulture Martagão Gesteira (IPPMG), UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Hussein K, Büsche G, Schlue J, Lehmann U, Kreipe H. [Myeloproliferative neoplasms: histopathological and molecular pathological diagnosis]. DER PATHOLOGE 2013; 33:508-17. [PMID: 23085694 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-012-1651-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (chronic myeloproliferative disorders according to former nomenclature) comprise chronic myeloid leukemia, polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, primary myelofibrosis, chronic eosinophilic leukemia, chronic neutrophilic leukemia and systemic mastocytosis. All disorders have excessive proliferation of one or more hematopoietic lineages in common and progress with different probability to blast crisis or fibrosis. A further common feature is provided by the activating mutation of tyrosin kinases and associated pathways of signal transduction (BCR-ABL, JAK2(V617F), MPL(W515L/K), KIT(D816V) and FIP1L1-PDGFRA) causative for the abnormal proliferation. With regard to diagnosis and therapy these mutations are of utmost importance because they enable the exclusion of reactive processes, contribute with varying specificity to subtyping of MPN and are at least partly sensitive to targeted therapy. The molecular mechanisms of blastic and fibrotic progression are not yet understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hussein
- Institut für Pathologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str 1, 30625 Hannover, Deutschland
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3
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Yujie W, Yu Z, Sixuan Q, Li W, Peng L, Zeng G, Sujiang Z, Jianyong L. Detection of BCR-ABL fusion proteins in patients with leukemia using a cytometric bead array. Leuk Lymphoma 2011; 53:451-5. [DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2011.625100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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4
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Traulsen A, Pacheco JM, Dingli D. Reproductive fitness advantage of BCR-ABL expressing leukemia cells. Cancer Lett 2010; 294:43-8. [PMID: 20153920 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2010.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2009] [Revised: 01/14/2010] [Accepted: 01/20/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes confer a fitness advantage to cells that can lead to cancer. The tumor phenotype normally results from the interaction of many mutant genes making it difficult to estimate the fitness advantage provided by any oncogene, except when tumors depend on one oncogene only. We utilize a model of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), to quantitate the fitness advantage conferred by expression of BCR-ABL in hematopoietic cells from in vivo patient data. We show that BCR-ABL expression provides a high fitness advantage, which explains why this single mutation drives the chronic phase of CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Traulsen
- Emmy-Noether Group for Evolutionary Dynamics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
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5
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Lenaerts T, Pacheco JM, Traulsen A, Dingli D. Tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy can cure chronic myeloid leukemia without hitting leukemic stem cells. Haematologica 2009; 95:900-7. [PMID: 20007137 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2009.015271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as imatinib, are not considered curative for chronic myeloid leukemia--regardless of the significant reduction of disease burden during treatment--since they do not affect the leukemic stem cells. However, the stochastic nature of hematopoiesis and recent clinical observations suggest that this view must be revisited. DESIGN AND METHODS We studied the natural history of a large cohort of virtual patients with chronic myeloid leukemia under tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy using a computational model of hematopoiesis and chronic myeloid leukemia that takes into account stochastic dynamics within the hematopoietic stem and early progenitor cell pool. RESULTS We found that in the overwhelming majority of patients the leukemic stem cell population undergoes extinction before disease diagnosis. Hence leukemic progenitors, susceptible to tyrosine kinase inhibitor attack, are the natural target for chronic myeloid leukemia treatment. Response dynamics predicted by the model closely match data from clinical trials. We further predicted that early diagnosis together with administration of tyrosine kinase inhibitor opens the path to eradication of chronic myeloid leukemia, leading to the wash out of the aberrant progenitor cells, ameliorating the patient's condition while lowering the risk of blast transformation and drug resistance. CONCLUSIONS Tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy can cure chronic myeloid leukemia, although it may have to be prolonged. The depth of response increases with time in the vast majority of patients. These results illustrate the importance of stochastic effects on the dynamics of acquired hematopoietic stem cell disorders and have direct relevance for other hematopoietic stem cell-derived diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Lenaerts
- MLG, Département d'Informatique, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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van de Loosdrecht AA, Alhan C, Béné MC, Della Porta MG, Dräger AM, Feuillard J, Font P, Germing U, Haase D, Homburg CH, Ireland R, Jansen JH, Kern W, Malcovati L, Te Marvelde JG, Mufti GJ, Ogata K, Orfao A, Ossenkoppele GJ, Porwit A, Preijers FW, Richards SJ, Schuurhuis GJ, Subirá D, Valent P, van der Velden VHJ, Vyas P, Westra AH, de Witte TM, Wells DA, Loken MR, Westers TM. Standardization of flow cytometry in myelodysplastic syndromes: report from the first European LeukemiaNet working conference on flow cytometry in myelodysplastic syndromes. Haematologica 2009; 94:1124-34. [PMID: 19546437 PMCID: PMC2719035 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2009.005801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2009] [Revised: 02/27/2009] [Accepted: 03/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of clonal hematopoietic stem cell diseases characterized by cytopenia(s), dysplasia in one or more cell lineages and increased risk of evolution to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Recent advances in immunophenotyping of hematopoietic progenitor and maturing cells in dysplastic bone marrow point to a useful role for multiparameter flow cytometry (FCM) in the diagnosis and prognostication of myelodysplastic syndromes. In March 2008, representatives from 18 European institutes participated in a European LeukemiaNet (ELN) workshop held in Amsterdam as a first step towards standardization of FCM in myelodysplastic syndromes. Consensus was reached regarding standard methods for cell sampling, handling and processing. The group also defined minimal combinations of antibodies to analyze aberrant immunophenotypes and thus dysplasia. Examples are altered numbers of CD34(+) precursors, aberrant expression of markers on myeloblasts, maturing myeloid cells, monocytes or erythroid precursors and the expression of lineage infidelity markers. When applied in practice, aberrant FCM patterns correlate well with morphology, the subclassification of myelodysplastic syndromes, and prognostic scoring systems. However, the group also concluded that despite strong evidence for an impact of FCM in myelodysplastic syndromes, further (prospective) validation of markers and immunophenotypic patterns are required against control patient groups as well as further standardization in multi-center studies. Standardization of FCM in myelodysplastic syndromes may thus contribute to improved diagnosis and prognostication of myelodysplastic syndromes in the future.
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7
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Weerkamp F, Dekking E, Ng YY, van der Velden VHJ, Wai H, Böttcher S, Brüggemann M, van der Sluijs AJ, Koning A, Boeckx N, Van Poecke N, Lucio P, Mendonça A, Sedek L, Szczepański T, Kalina T, Kovac M, Hoogeveen PG, Flores-Montero J, Orfao A, Macintyre E, Lhermitte L, Chen R, Brouwer-De Cock KAJ, van der Linden A, Noordijk AL, Comans-Bitter WM, Staal FJT, van Dongen JJM. Flow cytometric immunobead assay for the detection of BCR-ABL fusion proteins in leukemia patients. Leukemia 2009; 23:1106-17. [PMID: 19387467 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2009.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BCR-ABL fusion proteins show increased signaling through their ABL tyrosine kinase domain, which can be blocked by specific inhibitors, thereby providing effective treatment. This makes detection of BCR-ABL aberrations of utmost importance for diagnosis, classification and treatment of leukemia patients. BCR-ABL aberrations are currently detected by karyotyping, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) or PCR techniques, which are time consuming and require specialized facilities. We developed a simple flow cytometric immunobead assay for detection of BCR-ABL fusion proteins in cell lysates, using a bead-bound anti-BCR catching antibody and a fluorochrome-conjugated anti-ABL detection antibody. We noticed protein stability problems in lysates caused by proteases from mature myeloid cells. This problem could largely be solved by adding protease inhibitors in several steps of the immunobead assay. Testing of 145 patient samples showed fully concordant results between the BCR-ABL immunobead assay and reverse transcriptase PCR of fusion gene transcripts. Dilution experiments with BCR-ABL positive cell lines revealed sensitivities of at least 1%. We conclude that the BCR-ABL immunobead assay detects all types of BCR-ABL proteins in leukemic cells with high specificity and sensitivity. The assay does not need specialized laboratory facilities other than a flow cytometer, provides results within approximately 4 h, and can be run in parallel to routine immunophenotyping.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Weerkamp
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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BCR-ABL promotes neutrophil differentiation in the chronic phase of chronic myeloid leukemia by downregulating c-Jun expression. Leukemia 2009; 23:1622-7. [PMID: 19357699 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2009.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism that is responsible for mature neutrophil overproduction in the chronic phase (CP) of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), a neoplastic disease of hematopoietic stem cells carrying a constitutively active tyrosine kinase BCR-ABL, remains obscure. In this study, microarray analysis revealed that c-Jun, a monopoiesis-promoting transcription factor, was downregulated in CML neutrophils. BCR-ABL directly inhibited c-Jun expression, as c-Jun downregulation in primary CML neutrophils and in the CML blast cell lines, KCL22 and K562, was reversed by the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib. We established a myeloid differentiation model in KCL22 cells using zinc-inducible CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP)alpha (KCL22/alpha). Myeloid differentiation was observed in C/EBP-induced KCL22/alpha cells. Imatinib-induced c-Jun upregulation promoted the monocytic differentiation of KCL22/alpha cells. c-Jun knockdown in KCL22/alpha cells by a short interfering RNA redirected their differentiation from the monocytic to the neutrophilic lineage, even after imatinib treatment. A blockade of PI3K-Akt signaling with an Akt inhibitor upregulated c-Jun and induced the monocytic differentiation of KCL22, K562, and C/EBP-induced KCL22/alpha cells. Thus, BCR-ABL downregulates c-Jun expression by activating the PI3K-Akt pathway during CML-CP, thereby allowing C/EBPs to promote neutrophil differentiation.
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Zaliova M, Fronkova E, Krejcikova K, Muzikova K, Mejstrikova E, Stary J, Trka J, Zuna J. Quantification of fusion transcript reveals a subgroup with distinct biological properties and predicts relapse in BCR/ABL-positive ALL: implications for residual disease monitoring. Leukemia 2009; 23:944-51. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2008.386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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10
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The immunophenotype of different immature, myeloid and B-cell lineage-committed CD34+ hematopoietic cells allows discrimination between normal/reactive and myelodysplastic syndrome precursors. Leukemia 2008; 22:1175-83. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2008.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
Although monoclonal in origin, most tumors appear to contain a heterogeneous population of cancer cells. This observation is traditionally explained by postulating variations in tumor microenvironment and coexistence of multiple genetic subclones, created by progressive and divergent accumulation of independent somatic mutations. An additional explanation, however, envisages human tumors not as mere monoclonal expansions of transformed cells, but rather as complex tridimensional tissues where cancer cells become functionally heterogeneous as a result of differentiation. According to this second scenario, tumors act as caricatures of their corresponding normal tissues and are sustained in their growth by a pathological counterpart of normal adult stem cells, cancer stem cells. This model, first developed in human myeloid leukemias, is today being extended to solid tumors, such as breast and brain cancer. We review the biological basis and the therapeutic implications of the stem cell model of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Dalerba
- Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94304, USA.
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Primo D, Flores J, Quijano S, Sanchez ML, Sarasquete ME, del Pino-Montes J, Gaarder PI, Gonzalez M, Orfao A. Impact of BCR/ABL gene expression on the proliferative rate of different subpopulations of haematopoietic cells in chronic myeloid leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2006; 135:43-51. [PMID: 16939497 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2006.06265.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Despite the effects of BCR ABL on cell proliferation, no study has compared the proliferative rate of different haematopoietic cell compartments from chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) with those of normal bone marrow (NBM). We comparatively analysed the cell cycle distribution and BCR/ABL expression in different compartments of BM cells from 15 CML and 11 NBM. Overall, our results showed similar proliferative indices in CML patients and NBM. However, CD34+ myeloid precursors from CML patients displayed an increased proportion of S + G2/M-phase cells (P = 0.04), while no significant differences were found between CML and NBM for other BM cell subsets analysed. In BM cells separated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting, decreasing levels of BCR/ABL mRNA were found from CD34+/CD38+ myeloid precursors to myeloblasts; BCR/ABL expression increased afterwards with a peak at the myelocyte/metamyelocyte stage, decreasing in the more mature band/neutrophil compartment. Unexpectedly, BCR/ABL gene expression showed an inverse correlation with the proportion of S + G2/M-phase cells (R = -0.33; P = 0.04). These results suggest that in CML, BCR/ABL expression is associated with an increased proliferation of CD34+ myeloid haematopoietic progenitor cells but not of other more mature myeloid precursors, as confirmed by the observation of an inverse correlation between the amount of BCR/ABL transcripts and the proportion of S + G2/M-phase cells.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antigens, CD34/analysis
- Bone Marrow Cells/metabolism
- Bone Marrow Cells/pathology
- Cell Cycle/genetics
- Cell Division/genetics
- Female
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/metabolism
- Gene Expression
- Genes, abl
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/pathology
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Primo
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Servicio General de Citometría and Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, Spain
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