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Huynh NCN, Ling R, Komagamine M, Shi T, Tsukasaki M, Matsuda K, Okamoto K, Asano T, Muro R, Pluemsakunthai W, Kollias G, Kaneko Y, Takeuchi T, Tanaka S, Komatsu N, Takayanagi H. Oncostatin M-driven macrophage-fibroblast circuits as a drug target in autoimmune arthritis. Inflamm Regen 2024; 44:36. [PMID: 39080781 PMCID: PMC11289929 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-024-00347-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis revealed the functional heterogeneity and pathogenic cell subsets in immune cells, synovial fibroblasts and bone cells in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). JAK inhibitors which ameliorate joint inflammation and bone destruction in RA, suppress the activation of various types of cells in vitro. However, the key cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the potent clinical effects of JAK inhibitors on RA remain to be determined. Our aim is to identify a therapeutic target for JAK inhibitors in vivo. METHODS We performed scRNA-seq analysis of the synovium of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice treated with or without a JAK inhibitor, followed by a computational analysis to identify the drug target cells and signaling pathways. We utilized integrated human RA scRNA-seq datasets and genetically modified mice administered with the JAK inhibitor for the confirmation of our findings. RESULTS scRNA-seq analysis revealed that oncostatin M (OSM) driven macrophage-fibroblast interaction is highly activated under arthritic conditions. OSM derived from macrophages, acts on OSM receptor (OSMR)-expressing synovial fibroblasts, activating both inflammatory and tissue-destructive subsets. Inflammatory synovial fibroblasts stimulate macrophages, mainly through IL-6, to exacerbate inflammation. Tissue-destructive synovial fibroblasts promote osteoclast differentiation by producing RANKL to accelerate bone destruction. scRNA-seq analysis also revealed that OSM-signaling in synovial fibroblasts is the main signaling pathway targeted by JAK inhibitors in vivo. Mice specifically lacking OSMR in synovial fibroblasts (Osmr∆Fibro) displayed ameliorated inflammation and joint destruction in arthritis. The JAK inhibitor was effective on the arthritis of the control mice while it had no effect on the arthritis of Osmr∆Fibro mice. CONCLUSIONS OSM functions as one of the key cytokines mediating pathogenic macrophage-fibroblast interaction. OSM-signaling in synovial fibroblasts is one of the main signaling pathways targeted by JAK inhibitors in vivo. The critical role of fibroblast-OSM signaling in autoimmune arthritis was shown by a combination of mice specifically deficient for OSMR in synovial fibroblasts and administration of the JAK inhibitor. Thus, the OSM-driven synovial macrophage-fibroblast circuit is proven to be a key driver of autoimmune arthritis, serving as a crucial drug target in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam Cong-Nhat Huynh
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Unit of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Odonto-Stomatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Rui Ling
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Komagamine
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tianshu Shi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Tsukasaki
- Department of Osteoimmunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kotaro Matsuda
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Okamoto
- Department of Osteoimmunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Immune Environment Dynamics, Cancer Research Institute of Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Asano
- Department of Osteoimmunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryunosuke Muro
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Warunee Pluemsakunthai
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - George Kollias
- Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center (BSRC), Alexander Fleming', Vari, Attika, Greece
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Yuko Kaneko
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Takeuchi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Sakae Tanaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Komatsu
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
- Department of Immune Regulation, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Takayanagi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Duc Nguyen H, Ardeshir A, Fonseca VA, Kim WK. Cluster of differentiation molecules in the metabolic syndrome. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 561:119819. [PMID: 38901629 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.119819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents a significant public health concern due to its association with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and other serious health conditions. Despite extensive research, the underlying molecular mechanisms contributing to MetS pathogenesis remain elusive. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the molecular mechanisms linking MetS and cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, which play critical roles in immune regulation and cellular signaling. Through an extensive literature review with a systematic approach, we examine the involvement of various CD markers in MetS development and progression, including their roles in adipose tissue inflammation, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. Additionally, we discuss potential therapeutic strategies targeting CD markers for the management of MetS. By synthesizing current evidence, this review contributes to a deeper understanding of the complex interplay between immune dysregulation and metabolic dysfunction in MetS, paving the way for the development of novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Duc Nguyen
- Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, Covington, LA, USA
| | - Amir Ardeshir
- Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, Covington, LA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Vivian A Fonseca
- Department Endocrinology Metabolism & Diabetes, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Woong-Ki Kim
- Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, Covington, LA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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Wang K, Deng J, Yang J, Wang A, Ye M, Chen Q, Chen G, Lin D. Tetrandrine promotes the survival of the random skin flap via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Phytother Res 2024; 38:527-538. [PMID: 37909161 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Flaps are mainly used for wound repair. However, postoperative ischemic necrosis of the distal flap is a major problem, which needs to be addressed urgently. We evaluated whether tetrandrine, a compound found in traditional Chinese medicine, can prolong the survival rate of random skin flaps. Thirty-six rats were randomly divided into control, low-dose tetrandrine (25 mg/kg/day), and high-dose tetrandrine (60 mg/kg/day) groups. On postoperative Day 7, the flap survival and average survival area were determined. After the rats were sacrificed, the levels of angiogenesis, apoptosis, and inflammation in the flap tissue were detected with immunology and molecular biology analyses. Tetrandrine increased vascular endothelial growth factor and Bcl-2 expression, in turn promoting angiogenesis and anti-apoptotic processes, respectively. Additionally, tetrandrine decreased the expression of Bax, which is associated with the induction of apoptosis, and also decreased inflammation in the flap tissue. Tetrandrine improved the survival rate of random flaps by promoting angiogenesis, inhibiting apoptosis, and reducing inflammation in the flap tissue through the modulation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitao Wang
- Department of Hand and Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiapeng Deng
- Department of Hand and Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jialong Yang
- Department of Hand and Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - An Wang
- Department of Hand and Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Minle Ye
- Department of Hand and Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qingyu Chen
- Department of Hand and Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Guodong Chen
- Department of Hand and Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dingsheng Lin
- Department of Hand and Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Goyal A, Agrawal A, Verma A, Dubey N. The PI3K-AKT pathway: A plausible therapeutic target in Parkinson's disease. Exp Mol Pathol 2023; 129:104846. [PMID: 36436571 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2022.104846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a common progressive and multifactorial neurodegenerative disease, characterized by the loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons. Numerous pathological processes including, inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, neurotransmitter imbalance, and apoptosis as well as genetic factors may lead to neuronal degeneration. With the emergence of aging population, the health problem and economic burden caused by PD also increase. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases-protein kinase B (PI3K-AKT) signaling pathway regulates signal transduction and biological processes such as cell proliferation, apoptosis and metabolism. According to reports, it regulates neurotoxicity and mediates the survival of neurons. Accumulating evidences indicate that some natural products can play a neuroprotective role by activating PI3K-AKT pathway, providing an effective resource for the discovery of potential therapeutic drugs. The current review provides an overview of the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway and review the relationship between this signaling pathway and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahsas Goyal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Anant Agrawal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aanchal Verma
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nandini Dubey
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Lee J, Dey S, Rajvanshi PK, Merling RK, Teng R, Rogers HM, Noguchi CT. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase is required for erythropoietin stimulated erythropoiesis in mice. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1144110. [PMID: 36895793 PMCID: PMC9988911 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1144110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Erythropoietin (EPO), produced in the kidney in a hypoxia responsive manner, is required for red blood cell production. In non-erythroid tissue, EPO increases endothelial cell production of nitric oxide (NO) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) that regulates vascular tone to improve oxygen delivery. This contributes to EPO cardioprotective activity in mouse models. Nitric oxide treatment in mice shifts hematopoiesis toward the erythroid lineage, increases red blood cell production and total hemoglobin. In erythroid cells, nitric oxide can also be generated by hydroxyurea metabolism that may contribute to hydroxyurea induction of fetal hemoglobin. We find that during erythroid differentiation, EPO induces neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and that neuronal nitric oxide synthase is required for normal erythropoietic response. Methods: Wild type (WT) mice and mice with targeted deletion of nNOS (nNOS-/-) and eNOS (eNOS-/-) were assessed for EPO stimulated erythropoietic response. Bone marrow erythropoietic activity was assessed in culture by EPO dependent erythroid colony assay and in vivo by bone marrow transplantation into recipient WT mice. Contribution of nNOS to EPO stimulated cell proliferation was assessed in EPO dependent erythroid cells and in primary human erythroid progenitor cell cultures. Results: EPO treatment increased hematocrit similarly in WT and eNOS-/- mice and showed a lower increase in hematocrit nNOS-/- mice. Erythroid colony assays from bone marrow cells were comparable in number from wild type, eNOS-/- and nNOS-/- mice at low EPO concentration. Colony number increased at high EPO concentration is seen only in cultures from bone marrow cells of wild type and eNOS-/- mice but not from nNOS-/- mice. Colony size with high EPO treatment also exhibited a marked increase in erythroid cultures from wild type and eNOS-/- mice but not from nNOS-/- mice. Bone marrow transplant from nNOS-/- mice into immunodeficient mice showed engraftment at comparable levels to WT bone marrow transplant. With EPO treatment, the increase in hematocrit was blunted in recipient mice that received with nNOS-/- donor marrow compared with recipient mice that received WT donor marrow. In erythroid cell cultures, addition of nNOS inhibitor resulted in decreased EPO dependent proliferation mediated in part by decreased EPO receptor expression, and decreased proliferation of hemin induced differentiating erythroid cells. Discussion: EPO treatment in mice and in corresponding cultures of bone marrow erythropoiesis suggest an intrinsic defect in erythropoietic response of nNOS-/- mice to high EPO stimulation. Transplantation of bone marrow from donor WT or nNOS-/- mice into recipient WT mice showed that EPO treatment post-transplant recapitulated the response of donor mice. Culture studies suggest nNOS regulation of EPO dependent erythroid cell proliferation, expression of EPO receptor and cell cycle associated genes, and AKT activation. These data provide evidence that nitric oxide modulates EPO dose dependent erythropoietic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeeyoung Lee
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Soumyadeep Dey
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Praveen K Rajvanshi
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Randall K Merling
- Skeletal Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ruifeng Teng
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Heather M Rogers
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Constance T Noguchi
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Zhang X, He D, Jia J, Liang F, Mei J, Li W, Liu T, Wang Z, Liu Y, Zhang F, Zhang Z, Luo B. Erythropoietin mediates re-programming of endotoxin-tolerant macrophages through PI3K/AKT signaling and protects mice against secondary infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:938944. [PMID: 36016936 PMCID: PMC9396350 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.938944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Initial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure leads to a hypo-responsive state by macrophages to a secondary stimulation of LPS, known as endotoxin tolerance. However, recent findings show that functions of endotoxin-tolerant macrophages are not completely suppressed, whereas they undergo a functional re-programming process with upregulation of a panel of molecules leading to enhanced protective functions including antimicrobial and tissue-remodeling activities. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are still elusive. Erythropoietin (EPO), a glycoprotein regulated by hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), exerts anti-inflammatory and tissue-protective activities. Nevertheless, the potential effects of EPO on functional re-programming of endotoxin-tolerant macrophages have not been investigated yet. Here, we found that initial LPS exposure led to upregulation of HIF-1α/EPO in macrophages and that EPO enhanced tolerance in tolerized macrophages and mice as demonstrated by suppressed proinflammatory genes such as Il1b, Il6, and Tnfa after secondary LPS stimulation. Moreover, we showed that EPO improved host protective genes in endotoxin-tolerant macrophages and mice, such as the anti-bacterial genes coding for cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide (Cnlp) and macrophage receptor with collagenous structure (Marco), and the tissue-repairing gene vascular endothelial growth factor C (Vegfc). Therefore, our findings indicate that EPO mediates the functional re-programming of endotoxin-tolerant macrophages. Mechanistically, we found that PI3K/AKT signaling contributed to EPO-mediated re-programming through upregulation of Irak3 and Wdr5 expression. Specifically, IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 3 (IRAK3) was responsible for inhibiting proinflammatory genes Il1b, Il6, and Tnfa in tolerized macrophages after LPS rechallenge, whereas WDR5 contributed to the upregulation of host beneficial genes including Cnlp, Marco, and Vegfc. In a septic model of mice, EPO pretreatment significantly promoted endotoxin-tolerant re-programming, alleviated lung injury, enhanced bacterial clearance, and decreased mortality in LPS-tolerized mice after secondary infection of Escherichia coli. Collectively, our results reveal a novel role for EPO in mediating functional re-programming of endotoxin-tolerant macrophages; thus, targeting EPO appears to be a new therapeutic option in sepsis and other inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan He
- Medical College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jialin Jia
- Medical College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Feihong Liang
- Department of Medical Science, Shunde Polytechnic, Foshan, China
| | - Jie Mei
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenhua Li
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Institute of Immunology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiyu Wang
- Institute of Immunology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Institute of Immunology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fengxue Zhang
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Bangwei Luo, ; Zhiren Zhang, ; Fengxue Zhang,
| | - Zhiren Zhang
- Institute of Immunology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Bangwei Luo, ; Zhiren Zhang, ; Fengxue Zhang,
| | - Bangwei Luo
- Institute of Immunology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Bangwei Luo, ; Zhiren Zhang, ; Fengxue Zhang,
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The Role of PI3K/AKT and MAPK Signaling Pathways in Erythropoietin Signalization. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147682. [PMID: 34299300 PMCID: PMC8307237 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO) is a glycoprotein cytokine known for its pleiotropic effects on various types of cells and tissues. EPO and its receptor EPOR trigger signaling cascades JAK2/STAT5, MAPK, and PI3K/AKT that are interconnected and irreplaceable for cell survival. In this article, we describe the role of the MAPK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways during red blood cell formation as well as in non-hematopoietic tissues and tumor cells. Although the central framework of these pathways is similar for most of cell types, there are some stage-specific, tissue, and cell-lineage differences. We summarize the current state of research in this field, highlight the novel members of EPO-induced PI3K and MAPK signaling, and in this respect also the differences between erythroid and non-erythroid cells.
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Naguib S, Backstrom JR, Gil M, Calkins DJ, Rex TS. Retinal oxidative stress activates the NRF2/ARE pathway: An early endogenous protective response to ocular hypertension. Redox Biol 2021; 42:101883. [PMID: 33579667 PMCID: PMC8113046 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress contributes to degeneration of retinal ganglion cells and their axons in glaucoma, a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, through sensitivity to intraocular pressure (IOP). Here, we investigated early elevations in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a role for the NRF2-KEAP1-ARE endogenous antioxidant response pathway using microbead occlusion to elevate IOP in mice. ROS levels peaked in the retina at 1- and 2-wks following IOP elevation and remained elevated out to 5-wks. Phosphorylation of NRF2 and antioxidant gene transcription and protein levels increased concomitantly at 2-wks after IOP elevation, along with phosphorylation of PI3K and AKT. Inhibiting PI3K or AKT signaling prevented NRF2 phosphorylation and reduced transcription of antioxidant-regulated genes. Ocular hypertensive mice lacking Nrf2 had elevated ROS and a diminished increase in antioxidant gene expression. They also exhibited earlier axon degeneration and loss of visual function. In conclusion, the NRF2-KEAP1-ARE pathway is endogenously activated early in ocular hypertension due to phosphorylation of NRF2 by the PI3K/AKT pathway and serves to slow the onset of axon degeneration and vision loss in glaucoma. These data suggest that exogenous activation of this pathway might further slow glaucomatous neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Naguib
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Jon R Backstrom
- Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Melanie Gil
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - David J Calkins
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Tonia S Rex
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Koh AEH, Alsaeedi HA, Rashid MBA, Lam C, Harun MHN, Ng MH, Mohd Isa H, Then KY, Bastion MLC, Farhana A, Khursheed Alam M, Subbiah SK, Mok PL. Transplanted Erythropoietin-Expressing Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promote Pro-survival Gene Expression and Protect Photoreceptors From Sodium Iodate-Induced Cytotoxicity in a Retinal Degeneration Model. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:652017. [PMID: 33987180 PMCID: PMC8111290 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.652017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are highly regarded as a potential treatment for retinal degenerative disorders like retinitis pigmentosa and age-related macular degeneration. However, donor cell heterogeneity and inconsistent protocols for transplantation have led to varied outcomes in clinical trials. We previously showed that genetically-modifying MSCs to express erythropoietin (MSCEPO) improved its regenerative capabilities in vitro. Hence, in this study, we sought to prove its potential in vivo by transplanting MSCsEPO in a rat retinal degeneration model and analyzing its retinal transcriptome using RNA-Seq. Firstly, MSCsEPO were cultured and expanded before being intravitreally transplanted into the sodium iodate-induced model. After the procedure, electroretinography (ERG) was performed bi-weekly for 30 days. Histological analyses were performed after the ERG assessment. The retina was then harvested for RNA extraction. After mRNA-enrichment and library preparation, paired-end RNA-Seq was performed. Salmon and DESeq2 were used to process the output files. The generated dataset was then analyzed using over-representation (ORA), functional enrichment (GSEA), and pathway topology analysis tools (SPIA) to identify enrichment of key pathways in the experimental groups. The results showed that the MSCEPO-treated group had detectable ERG waves (P <0.05), which were indicative of successful phototransduction. The stem cells were also successfully detected by immunohistochemistry 30 days after intravitreal transplantation. An initial over-representation analysis revealed a snapshot of immune-related pathways in all the groups but was mainly overexpressed in the MSC group. A subsequent GSEA and SPIA analysis later revealed enrichment in a large number of biological processes including phototransduction, regeneration, and cell death (Padj <0.05). Based on these pathways, a set of pro-survival gene expressions were extracted and tabulated. This study provided an in-depth transcriptomic analysis on the MSCEPO-treated retinal degeneration model as well as a profile of pro-survival genes that can be used as candidates for further genetic enhancement studies on stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avin Ee-Hwan Koh
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Hiba Amer Alsaeedi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Munirah Binti Abd Rashid
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chenshen Lam
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hairul Nizam Harun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Min Hwei Ng
- Tissue Engineering Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hazlita Mohd Isa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kong Yong Then
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mae-Lynn Catherine Bastion
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Aisha Farhana
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Suresh Kumar Subbiah
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.,Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.,Department of Biotechnology, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Pooi Ling Mok
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.,Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.,Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.,Department of Biotechnology, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
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Steiner M, Schneider L, Yillah J, Gerlach K, Kuvardina ON, Meyer A, Maring A, Bonig H, Seifried E, Zörnig M, Lausen J. FUSE binding protein 1 (FUBP1) expression is upregulated by T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia protein 1 (TAL1) and required for efficient erythroid differentiation. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210515. [PMID: 30653565 PMCID: PMC6336336 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During erythropoiesis, haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) differentiate in successive steps of commitment and specification to mature erythrocytes. This differentiation process is controlled by transcription factors that establish stage- and cell type-specific gene expression. In this study, we demonstrate that FUSE binding protein 1 (FUBP1), a transcriptional regulator important for HSC self-renewal and survival, is regulated by T-cell acute lymphocytic leukaemia 1 (TAL1) in erythroid progenitor cells. TAL1 directly activates the FUBP1 promoter, leading to increased FUBP1 expression during erythroid differentiation. The binding of TAL1 to the FUBP1 promoter is highly dependent on an intact GATA sequence in a combined E-box/GATA motif. We found that FUBP1 expression is required for efficient erythropoiesis, as FUBP1-deficient progenitor cells were limited in their potential of erythroid differentiation. Thus, the finding of an interconnection between GATA1/TAL1 and FUBP1 reveals a molecular mechanism that is part of the switch from progenitor- to erythrocyte-specific gene expression. In summary, we identified a TAL1/FUBP1 transcriptional relationship, whose physiological function in haematopoiesis is connected to proper erythropoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Steiner
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Lucas Schneider
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Goethe-University and German Red Cross Blood Service, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jasmin Yillah
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Goethe-University and German Red Cross Blood Service, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Katharina Gerlach
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Olga N. Kuvardina
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Goethe-University and German Red Cross Blood Service, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Annekarin Meyer
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Goethe-University and German Red Cross Blood Service, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Alisa Maring
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Halvard Bonig
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Goethe-University and German Red Cross Blood Service, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Erhard Seifried
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Goethe-University and German Red Cross Blood Service, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Martin Zörnig
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
- * E-mail: (MZ); (JL)
| | - Jörn Lausen
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Goethe-University and German Red Cross Blood Service, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- * E-mail: (MZ); (JL)
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Jafari M, Ghadami E, Dadkhah T, Akhavan-Niaki H. PI3k/AKT signaling pathway: Erythropoiesis and beyond. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:2373-2385. [PMID: 30192008 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Erythropoiesis is a multi-step process that involves the differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells into mature red blood cells (RBCs). This process is regulated by several signaling pathways, transcription factors and microRNAs (miRNAs). Many studies have shown that dysregulation of this process can lead to hematologic disorders. PI3K/AKT is one of the most important pathways that control many cellular processes including, cell division, autophagy, survival, and differentiation. In this review, we focus on the role of PI3K/AKT pathway in erythropoiesis and discuss the function of some of the most important genes, transcription factors, and miRNAs that regulate different stages of erythropoiesis which play roles in differentiation and maturation of RBCs, prevention of apoptosis, and autophagy induction. Understanding the role of the PI3K pathway in erythropoiesis may provide new insights into diagnosing erythrocyte disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahjoobeh Jafari
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Elham Ghadami
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Tahereh Dadkhah
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Haleh Akhavan-Niaki
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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12
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Sarfraz I, Rasul A, Hussain G, Hussain SM, Ahmad M, Nageen B, Jabeen F, Selamoglu Z, Ali M. Malic enzyme 2 as a potential therapeutic drug target for cancer. IUBMB Life 2018; 70:1076-1083. [PMID: 30160039 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Reprogrammed metabolic profile is a biochemical fingerprint of cancerous cells, which represents one of the "hallmarks of cancer." The aberrant expression pattern of enzymatic machineries orchestrates metabolic activities into a platform that ultimately promotes cellular growth, survival, and proliferation. The NADP(+)-dependent mitochondrial malic enzyme 2 (ME2) has been widely appreciated due to its function as a provider of pyruvate and reducing power to the cell for biosynthesis of fatty acids and nucleotides along with maintenance of redox balance. Multiple lines of evidences have indicated that ME2 is a bonafide therapeutic target and novel biomarker which plays critical role during tumorigenesis. The objective of this review is to provide an update on the cancer-specific role of ME2 in order to explore its potential for therapeutic opportunities. Furthermore, we have discussed the potential of genetic and pharmacological inhibitors of ME2 in the light of previous research work for therapeutic advancements in cancer treatment. It is contemplated that additional investigations should focus on the use of ME2 inhibitors in combinational therapies as rational combinations of metabolic inhibitors and chemotherapy may have the ability to cure cancer. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 70(11):1076-1083, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqra Sarfraz
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Azhar Rasul
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Hussain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Syed Makhdoom Hussain
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Matloob Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Nageen
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Farhat Jabeen
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zeliha Selamoglu
- Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Nigde, Turkey
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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13
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Adlung L, Kar S, Wagner MC, She B, Chakraborty S, Bao J, Lattermann S, Boerries M, Busch H, Wuchter P, Ho AD, Timmer J, Schilling M, Höfer T, Klingmüller U. Protein abundance of AKT and ERK pathway components governs cell type-specific regulation of proliferation. Mol Syst Biol 2017; 13:904. [PMID: 28123004 PMCID: PMC5293153 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20167258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling through the AKT and ERK pathways controls cell proliferation. However, the integrated regulation of this multistep process, involving signal processing, cell growth and cell cycle progression, is poorly understood. Here, we study different hematopoietic cell types, in which AKT and ERK signaling is triggered by erythropoietin (Epo). Although these cell types share the molecular network topology for pro‐proliferative Epo signaling, they exhibit distinct proliferative responses. Iterating quantitative experiments and mathematical modeling, we identify two molecular sources for cell type‐specific proliferation. First, cell type‐specific protein abundance patterns cause differential signal flow along the AKT and ERK pathways. Second, downstream regulators of both pathways have differential effects on proliferation, suggesting that protein synthesis is rate‐limiting for faster cycling cells while slower cell cycles are controlled at the G1‐S progression. The integrated mathematical model of Epo‐driven proliferation explains cell type‐specific effects of targeted AKT and ERK inhibitors and faithfully predicts, based on the protein abundance, anti‐proliferative effects of inhibitors in primary human erythroid progenitor cells. Our findings suggest that the effectiveness of targeted cancer therapy might become predictable from protein abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenz Adlung
- Division of Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sandip Kar
- Division of Theoretical Systems Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,BioQuant Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Marie-Christine Wagner
- Division of Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bin She
- Division of Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sajib Chakraborty
- Division of Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jie Bao
- Systems Biology of the Cellular Microenvironment Group, IMMZ, ALU, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Susen Lattermann
- Division of Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Melanie Boerries
- Systems Biology of the Cellular Microenvironment Group, IMMZ, ALU, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hauke Busch
- Systems Biology of the Cellular Microenvironment Group, IMMZ, ALU, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrick Wuchter
- Department of Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Anthony D Ho
- Department of Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens Timmer
- Center for Biological Signaling Studies (BIOSS), Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marcel Schilling
- Division of Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Höfer
- Division of Theoretical Systems Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany .,BioQuant Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ursula Klingmüller
- Division of Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany .,Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
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Abstract
Determining the developmental pathway leading to erythrocytes and being able to isolate their progenitors are crucial to understanding and treating disorders of red cell imbalance such as anemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, and polycythemia vera. Here we show that the human erythrocyte progenitor (hEP) can be prospectively isolated from adult bone marrow. We found three subfractions that possessed different expression patterns of CD105 and CD71 within the previously defined human megakaryocyte/erythrocyte progenitor (hMEP; Lineage(-) CD34(+) CD38(+) IL-3Rα(-) CD45RA(-)) population. Both CD71(-) CD105(-) and CD71(+) CD105(-) MEPs, at least in vitro, still retained bipotency for the megakaryocyte (MegK) and erythrocyte (E) lineages, although the latter subpopulation is skewed in differentiation toward the erythroid lineage. Notably, the proliferative and differentiation output of the CD71(intermediate(int)/+) CD105(+) subset of cells within the MEP population was completely restricted to the erythroid lineage with the loss of MegK potential. CD71(+) CD105(-) MEPs are erythrocyte-biased MEPs (E-MEPs) and CD71(int/+) CD105(+) cells are EPs. These previously unclassified populations may facilitate further understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing human erythroid development and serve as potential therapeutic targets in disorders of the erythroid lineage.
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15
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A mouse model of adult-onset anaemia due to erythropoietin deficiency. Nat Commun 2013; 4:1950. [PMID: 23727690 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythropoietin regulates erythropoiesis in a hypoxia-inducible manner. Here we generate inherited super-anaemic mice (ISAM) as a mouse model of adult-onset anaemia caused by erythropoietin deficiency. ISAM express erythropoietin in the liver but lack erythropoietin production in the kidney. Around weaning age, when the major erythropoietin-producing organ switches from the liver to the kidney, ISAM develop anaemia due to erythropoietin deficiency, which is curable by administration of recombinant erythropoietin. In ISAM severe chronic anaemia enhances transgenic green fluorescent protein and Cre expression driven by the complete erythropoietin-gene regulatory regions, which facilitates efficient labelling of renal erythropoietin-producing cells. We show that the majority of cortical and outer medullary fibroblasts have the innate potential to produce erythropoietin, and also reveal a new set of erythropoietin target genes. ISAM are a useful tool for the evaluation of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents and to trace the dynamics of erythropoietin-producing cells.
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Han X, Zhao L, Lu G, Ge J, Zhao Y, Zu S, Yuan M, Liu Y, Kong F, Xiao Z, Zhao S. Improving outcomes of acute kidney injury using mouse renal progenitor cells alone or in combination with erythropoietin or suramin. Stem Cell Res Ther 2013; 4:74. [PMID: 23777889 PMCID: PMC3706945 DOI: 10.1186/scrt225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction So far, no effective therapy is available for acute kidney injury (AKI), a common and serious complication with high morbidity and mortality. Interest has recently been focused on the potential therapeutic effect of mouse adult renal progenitor cells (MRPC), erythropoietin (EPO) and suramin in the recovery of ischemia-induced AKI. The aim of the present study is to compare MRPC with MRPC/EPO or MRPC/suramin concomitantly in the treatment of a mouse model of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) AKI. Methods MRPC were isolated from adult C57BL/6-gfp mice. Male C57BL/6 mice (eight-weeks old, n = 72) were used for the I/R AKI model. Serum creatinine (Cr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and renal histology were detected in MRPC-, MRPC/EPO-, MRPC/suramin- and PBS-treated I/R AKI mice. E-cadherin, CD34 and GFP protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemical assay. Results MRPC exhibited characteristics consistent with renal stem cells. The features of MRPC were manifested by Pax-2, Oct-4, vimentin, α-smooth muscle actin positive, and E-cadherin negative, distinguished from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) by expression of CD34 and Sca-1. The plasticity of MRPC was shown by the ability to differentiate into osteoblasts and lipocytes in vitro. Injection of MRPC, especially MRPC/EPO and MRPC/suramin in I/R AKI mice attenuated renal damage with a decrease of the necrotic injury, peak plasma Cr and BUN. Furthermore, seven days after the injury, MRPC/EPO or MRPC/suramin formed more CD34+ and E-cadherin+ cells than MRPC alone. Conclusions These results suggest that MRPC, in particular MRPC/EPO or MRPC/suramin, promote renal repair after injury and may be a promising therapeutic strategy.
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Molecular pathways of early CD105-positive erythroid cells as compared with CD34-positive common precursor cells by flow cytometric cell-sorting and gene expression profiling. Blood Cancer J 2013; 3:e100. [PMID: 23310930 PMCID: PMC3556575 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2012.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Special attention has recently been drawn to the molecular network of different genes that are responsible for the development of erythroid cells. The aim of the present study was to establish in detail the immunophenotype of early erythroid cells and to compare the gene expression profile of freshly isolated early erythroid precursors with that of the CD34-positive (CD34(+)) compartment. Multiparameter flow cytometric analyses of human bone marrow mononuclear cell fractions (n=20) defined three distinct early erythroid stages. The gene expression profile of sorted early erythroid cells was analyzed by Affymetrix array technology. For 4524 genes, a differential regulation was found in CD105-positive erythroid cells as compared with the CD34(+) progenitor compartment (2362 upregulated genes). A highly significant difference was observed in the expression level of genes involved in transcription, heme synthesis, iron and mitochondrial metabolism and transforming growth factor-β signaling. A comparison with recently published data showed over 1000 genes that as yet have not been reported to be upregulated in the early erythroid lineage. The gene expression level within distinct pathways could be illustrated directly by applying the Ingenuity software program. The results of gene expression analyses can be seen at the Gene Expression Omnibus repository.
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The microtubule plus-end tracking protein CLASP2 is required for hematopoiesis and hematopoietic stem cell maintenance. Cell Rep 2012; 2:781-8. [PMID: 23084744 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2012.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Revised: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian CLASPs are microtubule plus-end tracking proteins whose essential function as regulators of microtubule behavior has been studied mainly in cultured cells. We show here that absence of murine CLASP2 in vivo results in thrombocytopenia, progressive anemia, and pancytopenia, due to defects in megakaryopoiesis, in erythropoiesis, and in the maintenance of hematopoietic stem cell activity. Furthermore, microtubule stability and organization are affected upon attachment of Clasp2 knockout hematopoietic stem-cell-enriched populations, and these cells do not home efficiently toward their bone marrow niche. Strikingly, CLASP2-deficient hematopoietic stem cells contain severely reduced mRNA levels of c-Mpl, which encodes the thrombopoietin receptor, an essential factor for megakaryopoiesis and hematopoietic stem cell maintenance. Our data suggest that thrombopoietin signaling is impaired in Clasp2 knockout mice. We propose that the CLASP2-mediated stabilization of microtubules is required for proper attachment, homing, and maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells and that this is necessary to sustain c-Mpl transcription.
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Parekh C, Sahaghian A, Kim W, Scholes J, Ge S, Zhu Y, Asgharzadeh S, Hollis R, Kohn D, Ji L, Malvar J, Wang X, Crooks G. Novel pathways to erythropoiesis induced by dimerization of intracellular C-Mpl in human hematopoietic progenitors. Stem Cells 2012; 30:697-708. [PMID: 22290824 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The cytokine thrombopoietin (Tpo) plays a critical role in hematopoiesis by binding to the extracellular domain and inducing homodimerization of the intracellular signaling domain of its receptor, c-Mpl. Mpl homodimerization can also be accomplished by binding of a synthetic ligand to a constitutively expressed fusion protein F36VMpl consisting of a ligand binding domain (F36V) and the intracellular signaling domain of Mpl. Unexpectedly, in contrast to Tpo stimulation, robust erythropoiesis is induced after dimerization of F36VMpl in human CD34+ progenitor cells. The goal of this study was to define the hematopoietic progenitor stages at which dimerization of intracellular Mpl induces erythropoiesis and the downstream molecular events that mediate this unanticipated effect. Dimerization (in the absence of erythropoietin and other cytokines) in human common myeloid progenitors and megakaryocytic erythroid progenitors caused a significant increase in CD34+ cells (p < .01) and induced all stages of erythropoiesis including production of enucleated red blood cells. In contrast, erythropoiesis was not seen with Tpo stimulation. CD34+ cell expansion was the result of increased cell cycling and survival (p < .05). Microarray profiling of CD34+ cells demonstrated that a unique transcriptional pattern is activated in progenitors by F36VMpl dimerization. Ligand-inducible dimerization of intracellular Mpl in human myeloerythroid progenitors induces progenitor expansion and erythropoiesis through molecular mechanisms that are not shared by Tpo stimulation of endogenous Mpl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chintan Parekh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1732, USA
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Cokic VP, Bhattacharya B, Beleslin-Cokic BB, Noguchi CT, Puri RK, Schechter AN. JAK-STAT and AKT pathway-coupled genes in erythroid progenitor cells through ontogeny. J Transl Med 2012; 10:116. [PMID: 22676255 PMCID: PMC3412720 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-10-116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It has been reported that the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT signaling pathway regulates erythropoietin (EPO)-induced survival, proliferation, and maturation of early erythroid progenitors. Erythroid cell proliferation and survival have also been related to activation of the JAK-STAT pathway. The goal of this study was to observe the function of EPO activation of JAK-STAT and PI3K/AKT pathways in the development of erythroid progenitors from hematopoietic CD34+ progenitor cells, as well as to distinguish early EPO target genes in human erythroid progenitors during ontogeny. Methods Hematopoietic CD34+ progenitor cells, isolated from fetal and adult hematopoietic tissues, were differentiated into erythroid progenitor cells. We have used microarray analysis to examine JAK-STAT and PI3K/AKT related genes, as well as broad gene expression modulation in these human erythroid progenitor cells. Results In microarray studies, a total of 1755 genes were expressed in fetal liver, 3844 in cord blood, 1770 in adult bone marrow, and 1325 genes in peripheral blood-derived erythroid progenitor cells. The erythroid progenitor cells shared 1011 common genes. Using the Ingenuity Pathways Analysis software, we evaluated the network pathways of genes linked to hematological system development, cellular growth and proliferation. The KITLG, EPO, GATA1, PIM1 and STAT3 genes represent the major connection points in the hematological system development linked genes. Some JAK-STAT signaling pathway-linked genes were steadily upregulated throughout ontogeny (PIM1, SOCS2, MYC, PTPN11), while others were downregulated (PTPN6, PIAS, SPRED2). In addition, some JAK-STAT pathway related genes are differentially expressed only in some stages of ontogeny (STATs, GRB2, CREBB). Beside the continuously upregulated (AKT1, PPP2CA, CHUK, NFKB1) and downregulated (FOXO1, PDPK1, PIK3CG) genes in the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, we also observed intermittently regulated gene expression (NFKBIA, YWHAH). Conclusions This broad overview of gene expression in erythropoiesis revealed transcription factors differentially expressed in some stages of ontogenesis. Finally, our results show that EPO-mediated proliferation and survival of erythroid progenitors occurs mainly through modulation of JAK-STAT pathway associated STATs, GRB2 and PIK3 genes, as well as AKT pathway-coupled NFKBIA and YWHAH genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladan P Cokic
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, 11129, Serbia.
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Chiang CL, Chen SSA, Lee SJ, Tsao KC, Chu PL, Wen CH, Hwang SM, Yao CL, Lee H. Lysophosphatidic Acid Induces Erythropoiesis through Activating Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor 3. Stem Cells 2011; 29:1763-73. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Talbot AL, Bullock GC, Delehanty LL, Sattler M, Zhao ZJ, Goldfarb AN. Aconitase regulation of erythropoiesis correlates with a novel licensing function in erythropoietin-induced ERK signaling. PLoS One 2011; 6:e23850. [PMID: 21887333 PMCID: PMC3161794 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Erythroid development requires the action of erythropoietin (EPO) on committed progenitors to match red cell output to demand. In this process, iron acts as a critical cofactor, with iron deficiency blunting EPO-responsiveness of erythroid progenitors. Aconitase enzymes have recently been identified as possible signal integration elements that couple erythropoiesis with iron availability. In the current study, a regulatory role for aconitase during erythropoiesis was ascertained using a direct inhibitory strategy. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In C57BL/6 mice, infusion of an aconitase active-site inhibitor caused a hypoplastic anemia and suppressed responsiveness to hemolytic challenge. In a murine model of polycythemia vera, aconitase inhibition rapidly normalized red cell counts, but did not perturb other lineages. In primary erythroid progenitor cultures, aconitase inhibition impaired proliferation and maturation but had no effect on viability or ATP levels. This inhibition correlated with a blockade in EPO signal transmission specifically via ERK, with preservation of JAK2-STAT5 and Akt activation. Correspondingly, a physical interaction between ERK and mitochondrial aconitase was identified and found to be sensitive to aconitase inhibition. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Direct aconitase inhibition interferes with erythropoiesis in vivo and in vitro, confirming a lineage-selective regulatory role involving its enzymatic activity. This inhibition spares metabolic function but impedes EPO-induced ERK signaling and disturbs a newly identified ERK-aconitase physical interaction. We propose a model in which aconitase functions as a licensing factor in ERK-dependent proliferation and differentiation, thereby providing a regulatory input for iron in EPO-dependent erythropoiesis. Directly targeting aconitase may provide an alternative to phlebotomy in the treatment of polycythemia vera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Laure Talbot
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Grant C. Bullock
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Lorrie L. Delehanty
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Martin Sattler
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Zhizhuang Joe Zhao
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Adam N. Goldfarb
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Amarilyo G, Oren A, Mimouni FB, Ochshorn Y, Deutsch V, Mandel D. Increased cord serum inflammatory markers in small-for-gestational-age neonates. J Perinatol 2011; 31:30-2. [PMID: 20410909 DOI: 10.1038/jp.2010.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The pathological picture in ischemic tissue injury shares features with the inflammatory response. Hypoxia-mediated induction of interleukin-6 (IL-6) could set in motion the mechanisms limiting inflammation in ischemia. Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) represents a human model of chronic fetal hypoxia. The purpose of this study was a first-time exploration to determine whether cord blood obtained at the delivery of small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants has increased concentrations of inflammatory markers. STUDY DESIGN Cord blood was collected from 20 SGA (term and near-term) infants and 20 appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) controls. Infants exposed to maternal smoking, diabetes, maternal chronic diseases, or alcohol or drug use were excluded. Both groups had Apgar score ≥7 at 1 min with a normal cord pH (>7.25). Cord-serum cytokines and thrombopoietin (TPO) levels were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. C-reactive protein (CRP) was measured using a turbidometric immunoassay. RESULT SGA infants had a significantly smaller birth weight than AGA controls, with a smaller gestation age by 1 week. There were significant elevations in IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), CRP and TPO in the SGA compared with the AGA group, which persisted in multiple regression analysis even after gestational age was taken into account. CONCLUSION As hypothesized, significant increases in the cord blood concentrations of known inflammatory markers were found in SGA infants compared with the controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Amarilyo
- Department of Neonatology, Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Smith K, Semple D, Bhandari S, Seymour AML. Cellular basis of uraemic cardiomyopathy: a role for erythropoietin? Eur J Heart Fail 2010; 11:732-8. [PMID: 19633100 DOI: 10.1093/eurjhf/hfp093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of erythropoietin (EPO) has revolutionized the treatment of anaemia associated with many conditions including chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, little is known of the cellular impact of EPO on the uraemic heart. The discovery that the EPO receptor (EPOR) is also expressed on non-haematopoietic cells including cardiomyocytes highlights a role of EPO beyond haematopoiesis. Animal models of heart failure have shown EPO can potentially reverse cardiac remodelling and improve myocardial function. Damage to the kidney, during uraemia, results in a decreased EPO production, which may render the uraemic heart more susceptible to damage and heart failure. Here we review current data on the cellular actions of EPO in models of left ventricular hypertrophy and heart failure and highlight parallels with the uraemic heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Kingston-upon-Hull, UK
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Martelli AM, Evangelisti C, Chiarini F, Grimaldi C, Cappellini A, Ognibene A, McCubrey JA. The emerging role of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling network in normal myelopoiesis and leukemogenesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2010; 1803:991-1002. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2010.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2010] [Revised: 04/06/2010] [Accepted: 04/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Amarilyo G, Mimouni FB, Oren A, Ochshorn Y, Ballin A, Deutsch V, Mandel D. Prohepcidin concentrations and erythroid progenitors in cord blood of appropriate versus small for gestational age neonates. J Perinatol 2010; 30:396-8. [PMID: 19890342 DOI: 10.1038/jp.2009.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prohepcidin (Pro-Hep), synthesized in the liver, is the prohormone of hepcidin (Hep), which reduces iron absorption in the gut; its synthesis is enhanced by inflammation and is reduced during hypoxia. We aimed to study the hypothesis that infants born small for gestational age (SGA) have reduced cord blood concentrations of Pro-Hep. STUDY DESIGN Cord blood was collected from 20 SGA (term and near term >35 week gestation) infants and 20 appropriate for gestational age (AGA) controls. We excluded infants exposed to maternal chronic diseases, smoking, diabetes, alcohol or drug use. Both groups had a 1 min Apgar score above or equal to 7 and had normal cord blood pH (above 7.25). ELISA was used to determine serum concentrations of Pro-Hep and erythropoietin (EPO). Circulating CD71(+)/CD45(-)/SSC(low) cells were measured by flow cytometry as an index of erythroid progenitors. RESULT There were no significant differences between groups in terms of hemoglobin concentrations, and Pro-Hep. In contrast, EPO levels and circulating CD71(+)/CD45(-)/SSC(low) erythroid progenitors were significantly higher in the SGA group. These differences remained significant even after controlling for gestational age and gravidity. CONCLUSION Contrary to EPO upregulation during intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), and higher concentrations of circulating erythroid progenitors, Pro-Hep concentration is not affected by IUGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Amarilyo
- Department of Neonatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Breig O, Théoleyre O, Douablin A, Baklouti F. Subtle distinct regulations of late erythroid molecular events by PI3K/AKT-mediated activation of Spi-1/PU.1 oncogene autoregulation loop. Oncogene 2010; 29:2807-16. [PMID: 20190819 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2010.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Spi-1/PU.1 oncogene is downregulated as proerythroblasts undergo terminal differentiation. Insertion of the Friend virus upstream of the Spi-1/PU.1 locus leads to the constitutive upregulation of Spi-1/PU.1, and a subsequent block in the differentiation of the affected erythroblasts. We have shown that sustained overexpression of Spi-1/PU.1 also inhibits the erythroid splicing of protein 4.1R exon 16, irrespective of chemical induction of differentiation. Here, we show a positive feedback loop that couples constitutive phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling to high expression of Spi-1/PU.1 in Friend erythroleukemia cells. Inhibition of PI3K/AKT results in Spi-1/PU.1 downregulation in a stepwise manner and induces cell differentiation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays further supported the positive autoregulatory effect of Spi-1/PU.1. Mutational analysis indicated that Ser41, but not Ser148, is necessary for Spi-1/PU.1-mediated repression of hemoglobin expression, whereas both Ser residues are required for Spi-1/PU.1 inhibition of the erythroid splicing event. We further show that inhibition of the erythroid transcriptional and splicing events are strictly dependent on distinct Spi-1/PU.1 phosphorylation modifications rather than Spi-1/PU.1 expression level per se. Our data further support the fact that Spi-1/PU.1 inhibits 4.1R erythroid splicing through two different pathways, and bring new insights into the extracellular signal impact triggered by erythropoietin on late erythroid regulatory program, including pre-mRNA splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Breig
- mRNA Metabolism in Normal and Pathological Cells, CGMC, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
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Induction of nitric oxide by erythropoietin is mediated by the β common receptor and requires interaction with VEGF receptor 2. Blood 2010; 115:896-905. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-04-216432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and erythropoietin (EPO) have profound effects on the endothelium and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), which originate from the bone marrow and differentiate into endothelial cells. Both EPO and VEGF have demonstrated an ability to increase the number and performance properties of EPCs. EPC behavior is highly dependent on nitric oxide (NO), and both VEGF and EPO can stimulate intracellular NO. EPO can bind to the homodimeric EPO receptor (EPO-R) and the heterodimeric receptor, EPO-R and the common β receptor (βC-R). Although VEGF has several receptors, VEGF-R2 appears most critical to EPC function. We demonstrate that EPO induction of NO is dependent on the βC-R and VEGF-R2, that VEGF induction of NO is dependent on the expression of the βC-R, and that the βC-R and VEGF-R2 interact. This is the first definitive functional and structural evidence of an interaction between the 2 receptors and has implications for the side effects of EPO.
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Di Giacomo V, Sancilio S, Caravatta L, Rana RA, Di Pietro R, Cataldi A. Regulation of CREB activation by p38 mitogen activated protein kinase during human primary erythroblast differentiation. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2009; 22:679-88. [PMID: 19822084 DOI: 10.1177/039463200902200313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the molecular events underlying erythroid differentiation, we analyzed the signalling pathway leading to cAMP response element binding (CREB) nuclear transcription factor activation. Normal donor blood light density cells differentiated to pro-erythroblasts during the proliferative phase (10 days) of the human erythroblast massive amplification (HEMA) culture, and to orthochromatic erythroblasts, during the differentiation phase (4 additional days) of the culture. Since erythropoietin was present all over the culture, also pro-erythroblasts left in proliferative medium for 14 days continued their maturation without reaching the final steps of differentiation. p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) and CREB maximal activation occurred upon 4 days of differentiation induction, whereas a lower activation was detectable in the cells maintained in parallel in proliferative medium (14 days). Interestingly, when SB203580, a specific p38 MAPK inhibitor, was added to the culture the percentage of differentiated cells decreased along with p38 MAPK and CREB phosphorylation. All in all, our results evidence a role for p38 MAPK in activating CREB metabolic pathway in the events leading to erythroid differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Di Giacomo
- Dipartimento di Biomorfologia, Università G. d'Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, Italy.
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Missiroli S, Etro D, Buontempo F, Ye K, Capitani S, Neri LM. Nuclear translocation of active AKT is required for erythroid differentiation in erythropoietin treated K562 erythroleukemia cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2008; 41:570-7. [PMID: 18694847 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2008.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2008] [Revised: 06/25/2008] [Accepted: 07/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Erythroid differentiation of human erythroleukemia cell line K562 induced by erythropoietin is a complex process that involves modifications at nuclear level, including nuclear translocation of phosphatidyl-inositol 3-kinase. In this work we show that erythropoietin stimulation of K562 cells can induce nuclear translocation of active Akt, a downstream molecule of the phosphatidyl-inositol 3-kinase signaling pathway. Akt shows a peak of activity in whole cell homogenates at earlier stage when compared to the nucleus, which shows a peak delayed of 10 min. Akt increases its intranuclear amount and activity rapidly and transiently in response to EPO. Almost all Akt kinase that translocates to the nucleus shows a marked phosphorylation on serine 473. Nuclear enzyme translocation is blocked by the phosphatidyl-inositol 3-kinase inhibitor Ly294002 or Wortmannin. The specific Akt pharmacological inhibitor VI, VII and VIII that act as blocking enzyme activation inhibited translocation as well, whereas Akt inhibitor IX, that inhibits Akt activity, did not block Akt nuclear translocation. When cells were treated by means of siRNA sequences or with the Akt inhibitors the differentiation process was arrested, thus showing the requirement of the nuclear translocation of the active enzyme to differentiate. These findings strongly suggest that the intranuclear translocation of active Akt kinase represents an important step in the signaling pathway that mediates erythropoietin-induced erythroid differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Missiroli
- Dipartimento di Morfologia ed Embriologia, Sezione di Anatomia Umana, Signal Transduction Unit, Universita' di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Retinoblastoma protein and the leukemia-associated PLZF transcription factor interact to repress target gene promoters. Oncogene 2008; 27:5260-6. [PMID: 18504436 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2008.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Translocations of the retinoic acid receptor-alpha (RARalpha) locus with the promyelocytic leukemia zinc-finger (PLZF) or PML genes lead to expression of oncogenic PLZF-RARalpha or PML-RARalpha fusion proteins, respectively. These fusion oncoproteins constitutively repress RARalpha target genes, in large part through aberrant recruitment of multiprotein co-repressor complexes. PML and PML-RARalpha have previously been shown to associate with the retinoblastoma (Rb) tumour suppressor protein in its hypophosphorylated state. Here, we demonstrate that PLZF also interacts with Rb in vitro and in vivo. The interaction between PLZF and Rb is mediated through the Rb pocket and the region of PLZF that lies between its transcriptional repression (poxvirus and zinc-finger, POZ) and DNA-binding (zinc-finger) domains. In addition, Rb can simultaneously interact with PLZF and the E2F1 S phase-inducing transcription factor, suggesting that these proteins can exist in the same multiprotein complex. In contrast to the interaction of Rb with PML or E2F1, the PLZF-Rb interaction is not dependent on hypophosphorylation of Rb. These data are supported by chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis, which indicates that PLZF associates with the promoter region of CDC6, a known E2F/Rb target gene. Co-expression of PLZF and Rb results in enhancement of transcriptional repression of PLZF and E2F/Rb target genes, indicating functional co-operation between the two proteins. Both PLZF and Rb have been shown to function in stem cells and taken together these data suggest that interactions between PLZF and Rb could be important in stem cell biology.
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Fang J, Menon M, Kapelle W, Bogacheva O, Bogachev O, Houde E, Browne S, Sathyanarayana P, Wojchowski DM. EPO modulation of cell-cycle regulatory genes, and cell division, in primary bone marrow erythroblasts. Blood 2007; 110:2361-70. [PMID: 17548578 PMCID: PMC1988929 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-12-063503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO's) actions on erythroblasts are ascribed largely to survival effects. Certain studies, however, point to EPO-regulated proliferation. To investigate this problem in a primary system, Kit(pos)CD71(high) erythroblasts were prepared from murine bone marrow, and were first used in the array-based discovery of EPO-modulated cell-cycle regulators. Five cell-cycle progression factors were rapidly up-modulated: nuclear protein 1 (Nupr1), G1 to S phase transition 1 (Gspt1), early growth response 1 (Egr1), Ngfi-A binding protein 2 (Nab2), and cyclin D2. In contrast, inhibitory cyclin G2, p27/Cdkn1b, and B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 6 (Bcl6) were sharply down-modulated. For CYCLIN G2, ectopic expression also proved to selectively attenuate EPO-dependent UT7epo cell-cycle progression at S-phase. As analyzed in primary erythroblasts expressing minimal EPO receptor alleles, EPO repression of cyclin G2 and Bcl6, and induction of cyclin D2, were determined to depend on PY343 (and Stat5) signals. Furthermore, erythroblasts expressing a on PY-null EPOR-HM allele were abnormally distributed in G0/G1. During differentiation divisions, EPOR-HM Ter119(pos) erythroblasts conversely accumulated in S-phase and faltered in an apparent EPO-directed transition to G0/G1. EPO/EPOR signals therefore control the expression of select cell-cycle regulatory genes that are proposed to modulate stage-specific decisions for erythroblast cell-cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Fang
- Program in Stem and Progenitor Cell Biology, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA
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