1
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Massimino M, Stella S, Tirrò E, Pennisi MS, Stagno F, Vitale SR, Romano C, Tomarchio C, Parrinello NL, Manzella L, Di Raimondo F, Vigneri P. High BCR::ABL1 Expression Defines CD34+ Cells with Significant Alterations in Signal Transduction, Short-Proliferative Potential and Self-Renewal Ability. Onco Targets Ther 2023; 16:803-816. [PMID: 37807980 PMCID: PMC10559794 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s413825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) is a clonal disorder of the hematopoietic stem cell caused by expression of the BCR::ABL1 oncoprotein. High BCR::ABL1 levels have been associated to proliferative advantage of leukemic cells, blast crisis progression and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) inefficacy. We have previously shown that high BCR::ABL1/GUSIS transcripts measured at diagnosis are associated with inferior responses to standard dose Imatinib (IM). However, the mechanisms underlying the higher rates of disease progression and development of TKIs resistance dependent on elevated BCR::ABL1 levels remain unclear. Methods Leukemic cells were collected from CML patients showing, at diagnosis, high or low BCR::ABL1/GUSIS. BCR::ABL1 expression levels were measured using real-time PCR. Short-term culture and long-term culture-initiating cells assays were employed to investigate the role of BCR::ABL1 gene-expression levels on proliferation, clonogenicity, signal transduction, TKIs responsiveness and self-renewal ability. Cell division was performed by carboxyfluorescein-succinimidyl ester (CFSE) assay. Results We found that BCR::ABL1 oncogene expression levels correlate in both PMNs and CD34+ cells. Furthermore, high oncogene levels increased both proliferation and anti-apoptotic signaling via ERK and AKT phosphorylation. Moreover, high BCR::ABL1 expression reduced the clonogenicity of leukemic CD34+ cells and increased their sensitivity to high doses IM but not to those of dasatinib. Furthermore, we observed that high BCR::ABL1 levels are associated with a reduced self-renewal of primitive leukemic cells and, also, that these cells showed comparable TKIs responsiveness with cells expressing lower BCR::ABL1 levels. Interestingly, we found a direct correlation between high BCR::ABL1 levels and reduced number of quiescent leukemic cells caused by increasing their cycling. Conclusion Higher BCR::ABL1 levels improving the proliferation, anti-apoptotic signaling and reducing self-renewal properties cause an increased expansion of leukemic clone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Massimino
- Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico “G. Rodolico-S. Marco”, Catania, Italy
| | - Stefania Stella
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico “G. Rodolico-S. Marco”, Catania, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Elena Tirrò
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico “G. Rodolico-S. Marco”, Catania, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Stella Pennisi
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico “G. Rodolico-S. Marco”, Catania, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Fabio Stagno
- Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico “G. Rodolico-S. Marco”, Catania, Italy
| | - Silvia Rita Vitale
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico “G. Rodolico-S. Marco”, Catania, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Chiara Romano
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico “G. Rodolico-S. Marco”, Catania, Italy
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Cristina Tomarchio
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico “G. Rodolico-S. Marco”, Catania, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Livia Manzella
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico “G. Rodolico-S. Marco”, Catania, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Vigneri
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico “G. Rodolico-S. Marco”, Catania, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Humanitas Istituto Clinico Catanese, University Oncology Department, Catania, Italy
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2
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Oliveira E, Bacelar TS, Ciudad J, Ribeiro MCM, Garcia DRN, Sedek L, Maia SF, Aranha DB, Machado IC, Ikeda A, Baglioli BF, Lopez-Duarte N, Teixeira LAC, Szczepanski T, Silva MLM, Land MGP, Orfao A, Costa ES. Altered neutrophil immunophenotypes in childhood B‑cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Oncotarget 2017; 7:24664-76. [PMID: 27028865 PMCID: PMC5029732 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of evidences suggest a genetic predisposition in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) that might favor the occurrence of the driver genetic alterations. Such genetic background might also translate into phenotypic alterations of residual hematopoietic cells. Whether such phenotypic alterations are present in bone marrow (BM) cells from childhood B-cell precursor (BCP)-ALL remains to be investigated. Here we analyzed the immunophenotypic profile of BM and peripheral blood (PB) maturing/matured neutrophils from 118 children with BCP-ALL and their relationship with the features of the disease. Our results showed altered neutrophil phenotypes in most (77%) BCP-ALL cases. The most frequently altered marker was CD10 (53%), followed by CD33 (34%), CD13 (15%), CD15/CD65 (10%) and CD123 (7%). Of note, patients with altered neutrophil phenotypes had younger age (p = 0.03) and lower percentages of BM maturing neutrophils (p = 0.004) together with greater BM lymphocyte (p = 0.04), and mature B-cell (p = 0.03) counts. No significant association was found between an altered neutrophil phenotype and other disease features. These findings point out the potential existence of an altered residual hematopoiesis in most childhood BCP-ALL cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elen Oliveira
- Clinical Medicine Postgraduate Program, College of Medicine, Rio de Janeiro Federal University (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Cytometry Service, Institute of Pediatrics and Puericulture Martagão Gesteira (IPPMG), UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thiago S Bacelar
- Cytometry Service, Institute of Pediatrics and Puericulture Martagão Gesteira (IPPMG), UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juana Ciudad
- Departament of Medicine and Cytometry Service, Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, USAL-CSIC), Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca (USAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Daniela R N Garcia
- Clinical Medicine Postgraduate Program, College of Medicine, Rio de Janeiro Federal University (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Cytogenetics Department, Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit and Oncology Post Graduation Program, National Cancer Institute (INCa), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lukasz Sedek
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Simone F Maia
- Service of Pediatric Hematology, Federal Lagoa Hospital (HFL), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniel B Aranha
- Clinical Medicine Postgraduate Program, College of Medicine, Rio de Janeiro Federal University (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Indyara C Machado
- Service of Pediatric Hematology, São José do Avaí Hospital (HSJA), Itaperuna, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Arissa Ikeda
- Service of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Servidores do Estado Federal Hospital (HSE), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bianca F Baglioli
- Service of Pediatric Hematology, Children's Cancer Hospital of Barretos, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Lopez-Duarte
- Cytometry Service, Institute of Pediatrics and Puericulture Martagão Gesteira (IPPMG), UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lisandra A C Teixeira
- Clinical Medicine Postgraduate Program, College of Medicine, Rio de Janeiro Federal University (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Cytometry Service, Institute of Pediatrics and Puericulture Martagão Gesteira (IPPMG), UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tomasz Szczepanski
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Maria Luiza M Silva
- Cytogenetics Department, Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit and Oncology Post Graduation Program, National Cancer Institute (INCa), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelo G P Land
- Clinical Medicine Postgraduate Program, College of Medicine, Rio de Janeiro Federal University (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Cytometry Service, Institute of Pediatrics and Puericulture Martagão Gesteira (IPPMG), UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alberto Orfao
- Departament of Medicine and Cytometry Service, Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, USAL-CSIC), Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca (USAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Elaine S Costa
- Clinical Medicine Postgraduate Program, College of Medicine, Rio de Janeiro Federal University (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Cytometry Service, Institute of Pediatrics and Puericulture Martagão Gesteira (IPPMG), UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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3
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Ramos TL, Sánchez-Abarca LI, López-Ruano G, Muntión S, Preciado S, Hernández-Ruano M, Rosado B, de las Heras N, Chillón MC, Hernández-Hernández Á, González M, Sánchez-Guijo F, Del Cañizo C. Do endothelial cells belong to the primitive stem leukemic clone in CML? Role of extracellular vesicles. Leuk Res 2015; 39:921-4. [PMID: 26105049 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2015.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The expression of BCR-ABL in hematopoietic stem cells is a well-defined primary event in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Some reports have described the presence of BCR-ABL on endothelial cells from CML patients, suggesting the origin of the disease in a primitive hemangioblastic cell. On the other hand, extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by CML leukemic cells are involved in the angiogenesis modulation process. In the current work we hypothesized that EVs released from BCR-ABL(+) cells may carry inside the oncogene that can be transferred to endothelial cells leading to the expression of both BCR-ABL transcript and the oncoprotein. EVs from K562 cells and plasma of newly diagnosed CML patients were isolated by ultracentrifugation. RT-PCR analysis detected the presence of BCR-ABL RNA in the EVs isolated from both K562 cells and plasma of CML patients. The incorporation of these EVs into endothelial cells was demonstrated by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy showed that after 24h of incubation most EVs were incorporated. BCR-ABL transcripts were detected in all experiments on endothelial cells incubated with EVs from both sources. The presence of BCR-ABL on endothelial cells incubated with Philadelphia(+) EVs was also confirmed by Western blot assays. In summary, endothelial cells acquire BCR-ABL RNA and the oncoprotein after incubation with EVs released from Ph(+) positive cells (either from K562 cells or from plasma of newly diagnosed CML patients). This results challenge the hypothesis that endothelial cells may be part of the Philadelphia(+) clone in CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa L Ramos
- Servicio de Hematología, IBSAL-Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Universidad de Salamanca, Spain; Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, Spain
| | - Luis Ignacio Sánchez-Abarca
- Servicio de Hematología, IBSAL-Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Universidad de Salamanca, Spain; Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, Spain
| | | | - Sandra Muntión
- Servicio de Hematología, IBSAL-Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Universidad de Salamanca, Spain; Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, Spain
| | - Silvia Preciado
- Servicio de Hematología, IBSAL-Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Universidad de Salamanca, Spain; Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, Spain
| | - Montserrat Hernández-Ruano
- Servicio de Hematología, IBSAL-Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Universidad de Salamanca, Spain
| | - Belén Rosado
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital General de Segovia, Spain
| | | | - M Carmen Chillón
- Servicio de Hematología, IBSAL-Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Universidad de Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Marcos González
- Servicio de Hematología, IBSAL-Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Universidad de Salamanca, Spain
| | - Fermín Sánchez-Guijo
- Servicio de Hematología, IBSAL-Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Universidad de Salamanca, Spain; Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, Spain.
| | - Consuelo Del Cañizo
- Servicio de Hematología, IBSAL-Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Universidad de Salamanca, Spain; Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, Spain
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4
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Chandia M, Sayagués JM, Gutiérrez ML, Chillón MC, Aristizábal JA, Corrales A, Castellanos M, Melón A, Sánchez ML, Bárcena P, Matarraz S, González-González M, Barrena S, López A, del Cañizo MC, Sánchez-Guijo F, Orfao A. Involvement of primary mesenchymal precursors and hematopoietic bone marrow cells from chronic myeloid leukemia patients by BCR-ABL1 fusion gene. Am J Hematol 2014; 89:288-94. [PMID: 24779036 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.23626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
For decades now, it is well established that chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a hematopoietic stem cell(HPC) disorder. However, it remains to be determined whether BCR-ABL1 gene rearrangement occurs in a HPC or at an earlier stem cell and whether the degree of involvement of hematopoiesis by the BCR-ABL1 fusion gene relates to the response to therapy. Here, we have investigated by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (iFISH) the distribution of BCR-ABL1 fusion gene in FACS-sorted bone marrow (BM) populations of mesenchymal precursor cells (MPC) and other hematopoietic cell populations from 18 newly diagnosed CML patients. Overall, our results showed systematic involvement at relatively high percentages of BM maturing neutrophils (97%615%), basophils (95%612%), eosinophils (90%68%), CD341 precursors cells (90%67%),monocytes (84%630%), nucleated red blood cells (87%624%), and mast cells (77%633%). By contrast, MPC(30%634%), B-cells (15%627%), T-lymphocytes (50%626%), and NK-cells (35%634%) were involved at lower percentages. In 8/18 CML patients, 2 tumor BCR-ABL11 subclones were detected by iFISH. Of note, all tumor cell subclones were systematically detected in CD341 cells, whereas MPC were only involved by the ancestral tumor cell subclone. In summary, here we confirm the presence at diagnosis of the BCR-ABL1 fusion gene inMPC, CD341 precursors, and other different BM hematopoietic myeloid cell lineages from CML patients,including also in a significant fraction of cases, a smaller percentage of T, B, and NK lymphocytes.Interestingly, involvement of MPC was restricted to the ancestral BCR-ABL11 subclone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Chandia
- Servicio de Hematología; IBSAL-Hospital Universitario de Salamanca; Paseo de San Vicente, 58-182 37007 Salamanca Spain
- Becario Fundación Carolina-Fundación BBVA; Salamanca Spain
| | | | | | - María-Carmen Chillón
- Servicio de Hematología; IBSAL-Hospital Universitario de Salamanca; Paseo de San Vicente, 58-182 37007 Salamanca Spain
| | - José-Alejandro Aristizábal
- Servicio de Hematología; IBSAL-Hospital Universitario de Salamanca; Paseo de San Vicente, 58-182 37007 Salamanca Spain
| | - Alejandro Corrales
- Servicio de Hematología; Hospital Virgen de la Concha; Zamora Spain
- Grupo de estudio de patología mieloide; Sociedad Castellano-Leonesa de Hematología y Hemoterapia (SCLHH); Salamanca Spain
| | - Marta Castellanos
- Grupo de estudio de patología mieloide; Sociedad Castellano-Leonesa de Hematología y Hemoterapia (SCLHH); Salamanca Spain
- Servicio de Hematología; Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid; Valladolid Spain
| | - Alberto Melón
- Servicio de Hematología; IBSAL-Hospital Universitario de Salamanca; Paseo de San Vicente, 58-182 37007 Salamanca Spain
| | - María-Luz Sánchez
- Servicio General de Citometría; Universidad de Salamanca; Salamanca Spain
| | - Paloma Bárcena
- Servicio General de Citometría; Universidad de Salamanca; Salamanca Spain
| | - Sergio Matarraz
- Servicio General de Citometría; Universidad de Salamanca; Salamanca Spain
| | | | - Susana Barrena
- Servicio General de Citometría; Universidad de Salamanca; Salamanca Spain
| | - Antonio López
- Servicio General de Citometría; Universidad de Salamanca; Salamanca Spain
| | - María-Consuelo del Cañizo
- Servicio de Hematología; IBSAL-Hospital Universitario de Salamanca; Paseo de San Vicente, 58-182 37007 Salamanca Spain
- Grupo de estudio de patología mieloide; Sociedad Castellano-Leonesa de Hematología y Hemoterapia (SCLHH); Salamanca Spain
| | - Fermín Sánchez-Guijo
- Servicio de Hematología; IBSAL-Hospital Universitario de Salamanca; Paseo de San Vicente, 58-182 37007 Salamanca Spain
- Grupo de estudio de patología mieloide; Sociedad Castellano-Leonesa de Hematología y Hemoterapia (SCLHH); Salamanca Spain
| | - Alberto Orfao
- Servicio General de Citometría; Universidad de Salamanca; Salamanca Spain
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5
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Nukina A, Kagoya Y, Watanabe-Okochi N, Arai S, Ueda K, Yoshimi A, Nannya Y, Kurokawa M. Single-cell gene expression analysis reveals clonal architecture of blast-phase chronic myeloid leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2014; 165:414-6. [PMID: 24401018 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.12726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arika Nukina
- Department of Haematology & Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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6
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Grineva NI, Akhlynina TV, Timofeev AM, Gerasimova LP, Schmarov DA, Nydenova NM, Manakova TE, Sarycheva TG, Kovaleva LG. Apoptosis and neutrophils in the regulation of Ph-positive myeloid cell proliferation and differentiation ex vivo. Mol Biol 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893313040043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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7
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Barteneva NS, Ketman K, Fasler-Kan E, Potashnikova D, Vorobjev IA. Cell sorting in cancer research--diminishing degree of cell heterogeneity. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2013; 1836:105-22. [PMID: 23481260 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2013.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence of intratumor heterogeneity and its augmentation due to selective pressure of microenvironment and recent achievements in cancer therapeutics lead to the need to investigate and track the tumor subclonal structure. Cell sorting of heterogeneous subpopulations of tumor and tumor-associated cells has been a long established strategy in cancer research. Advancement in lasers, computer technology and optics has led to a new generation of flow cytometers and cell sorters capable of high-speed processing of single cell suspensions. Over the last several years cell sorting was used in combination with molecular biological methods, imaging and proteomics to characterize primary and metastatic cancer cell populations, minimal residual disease and single tumor cells. It was the principal method for identification and characterization of cancer stem cells. Analysis of single cancer cells may improve early detection of tumors, monitoring of circulating tumor cells, evaluation of intratumor heterogeneity and chemotherapeutic treatments. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of major cell sorting applications and approaches with new prospective developments such as microfluidics and microchip technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha S Barteneva
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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8
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Matarraz S, Teodosio C, Fernandez C, Albors M, Jara-Acevedo M, López A, Gonzalez-Gonzalez M, Gutierrez ML, Flores-Montero J, Cerveró C, Pizarro-Perea M, Garrastazul MP, Caballero G, Gutierrez O, Mendez GD, González-Silva M, Laranjeira P, Orfao A. The proliferation index of specific bone marrow cell compartments from myelodysplastic syndromes is associated with the diagnostic and patient outcome. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44321. [PMID: 22952954 PMCID: PMC3432128 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are clonal stem cell disorders which frequently show a hypercellular dysplastic bone marrow (BM) associated with inefficient hematopoiesis and peripheral cytopenias due to increased apoptosis and maturation blockades. Currently, little is known about the role of cell proliferation in compensating for the BM failure syndrome and in determining patient outcome. Here, we analyzed the proliferation index (PI) of different compartments of BM hematopoietic cells in 106 MDS patients compared to both normal/reactive BM (n = 94) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML; n = 30 cases) using multiparameter flow cytometry. Our results show abnormally increased overall BM proliferation profiles in MDS which significantly differ between early/low-risk and advanced/high-risk cases. Early/low-risk patients showed increased proliferation of non-lymphoid CD34(+) precursors, maturing neutrophils and nucleated red blood cells (NRBC), while the PI of these compartments of BM precursors progressively fell below normal values towards AML levels in advanced/high-risk MDS. Decreased proliferation of non-lymphoid CD34(+) and NRBC precursors was significantly associated with adverse disease features, shorter overall survival (OS) and transformation to AML, both in the whole series and when low- and high-risk MDS patients were separately considered, the PI of NRBC emerging as the most powerful independent predictor for OS and progression to AML. In conclusion, assessment of the PI of NRBC, and potentially also of other compartments of BM precursors (e.g.: myeloid CD34(+) HPC), could significantly contribute to a better management of MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Matarraz
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (Instituto de Biología Celular y Molecular del Cáncer, CSIC-USAL), IBSAL, Servicio de Citometría and Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Cristina Teodosio
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (Instituto de Biología Celular y Molecular del Cáncer, CSIC-USAL), IBSAL, Servicio de Citometría and Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Carlos Fernandez
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (Instituto de Biología Celular y Molecular del Cáncer, CSIC-USAL), IBSAL, Servicio de Citometría and Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Manuel Albors
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Juan Canalejo, La Coruña, Spain
| | - María Jara-Acevedo
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (Instituto de Biología Celular y Molecular del Cáncer, CSIC-USAL), IBSAL, Servicio de Citometría and Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Antonio López
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (Instituto de Biología Celular y Molecular del Cáncer, CSIC-USAL), IBSAL, Servicio de Citometría and Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - María Gonzalez-Gonzalez
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (Instituto de Biología Celular y Molecular del Cáncer, CSIC-USAL), IBSAL, Servicio de Citometría and Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - María Laura Gutierrez
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (Instituto de Biología Celular y Molecular del Cáncer, CSIC-USAL), IBSAL, Servicio de Citometría and Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Juan Flores-Montero
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (Instituto de Biología Celular y Molecular del Cáncer, CSIC-USAL), IBSAL, Servicio de Citometría and Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Carlos Cerveró
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Virgen de la Luz, Cuenca, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Oliver Gutierrez
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Rio Hortega, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Guy Daniel Mendez
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital de Jerez de la Frontera, Cádiz, Spain
| | | | - Paula Laranjeira
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (Instituto de Biología Celular y Molecular del Cáncer, CSIC-USAL), IBSAL, Servicio de Citometría and Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alberto Orfao
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (Instituto de Biología Celular y Molecular del Cáncer, CSIC-USAL), IBSAL, Servicio de Citometría and Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- * E-mail:
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9
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Edward R. Red/far-red fluorescing DNA-specific anthraquinones for nucl:cyto segmentation and viability reporting in cell-based assays. Methods Enzymol 2012; 505:23-45. [PMID: 22289446 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-388448-0.00010-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The advent and wide use of image-based, high-content screening assay formats demands reliable solutions for cellular compartment segmentation to track critical events-for example, those reported by GFP fusions within cell cycle control pathways, signaling pathways, protein translocations, and those associated with drug-induced toxicity such as mitochondrial membrane depolarization, plasma membrane permeabilization, and reactive oxygen species. To meet this need, a series of nuclear/cytoplasmic discriminating probes has been developed: the supravital dyes DRAQ5™ and CyTRAK Orange™ and most recently the viability dye DRAQ7™. These are all spectrally compatible with GFP reporters offering new solutions in imaging and cytometry. As red/far-red emitting dyes, they provide convenient fluorescent emission signatures which are spectrally separated from the majority of commonly used reporter proteins (e.g., eGFP, YFP, mRFP), and a wide range of fluorescent tags such as Alexafluor 488, fluorescein, and Cy2 and fluorescent functional probes used to report cell health status or demark organellar structures. In addition, they are not excited by UV wavelengths thus avoiding complications of the frequently seen pharmacophore UV-autofluorescence in drug discovery. Conversely, their preferential red excitation reduces interference by biological sample autofluorescence. High water solubility and high-affinity DNA-binding properties provide a convenient means of stoichiometrically labeling cell nuclei in live cells without the aid of DMSO and can equally be used for fixed cells. Powerfully, they permit the simultaneous and differential labeling of both nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments in live and fixed cells to clearly render the precise location of cell boundaries which may be beneficial for quantitative expression measurements, cell-cell interactions, and most recently compound in vitro toxicology testing. In one case, DRAQ7™, the core structure has been chemically derivatized to render it intact-cell-membrane impermeant. This far-red viability dye can be more widely combined with other fluorescent reporters to reveal temporally separated events and shows negligible cytotoxicity as determined by sensitive bioassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Edward
- Biostatus Ltd, Shepshed, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
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10
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Matarraz S, Fernandez C, Albors M, Teodosio C, López A, Jara-Acevedo M, Cervero C, Caballero G, Gutierrez O, Orfao A. Cell-cycle distribution of different cell compartments in normal versus reactive bone marrow: A frame of reference for the study of dysplastic hematopoiesis. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2011; 80:354-61. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.20605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2011] [Revised: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 05/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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11
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González-Herrero I, Vicente-Dueñas C, Orfao A, Flores T, Jiménez R, Cobaleda C, Sánchez-García I. Bcl2 is not required for the development and maintenance of leukemia stem cells in mice. Carcinogenesis 2010; 31:1292-7. [PMID: 20299524 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgq062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The existence of leukemia stem cells (LSCs) responsible for tumor maintenance has been firmly established. Therefore, therapeutic targeting of these LSCs may have a profound impact on cancer eradication. The anti-apoptotic protein Bcl2 has been proposed as a therapeutic target, but its role in LSC biology has not been investigated. In order to understand the role of Bcl2 in LSC generation and maintenance, we have taken advantage of our Sca1-BCRABLp210 mouse model of human chronic myeloid leukemia and bcl2 gene-targeted mice. This study provides genetic evidence that the inhibition of Bcl2 is not critical for the generation, selection or maintenance of the tumor initiating and maintaining cells in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés González-Herrero
- Experimental Therapeutics and Translational Oncology Program, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel Unamuno sin número, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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12
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Molecular and functional analysis of the stem cell compartment of chronic myelogenous leukemia reveals the presence of a CD34- cell population with intrinsic resistance to imatinib. Blood 2010; 114:5191-200. [PMID: 19855080 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2008-08-176016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We show the molecular and functional characterization of a novel population of lineage-negative CD34-negative (Lin(-)CD34(-)) hematopoietic stem cells from chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) patients at diagnosis. Molecular karyotyping and quantitative analysis of BCR-ABL transcript demonstrated that approximately one-third of CD34(-) cells are leukemic. CML Lin(-)CD34(-) cells showed kinetic quiescence and limited clonogenic capacity. However, stroma-dependent cultures induced CD34 expression on some cells and cell cycling, and increased clonogenic activity and expression of BCR-ABL transcript. Lin(-)CD34(-) cells showed hematopoietic cell engraftment rate in 2 immunodeficient mouse strains similar to Lin-CD34(+) cells, whereas endothelial cell engraftment was significantly higher. Gene expression profiling revealed the down-regulation of cell-cycle arrest genes and genes involved in antigen presentation and processing, while the expression of genes related to tumor progression, such as angiogenic factors, was strongly up-regulated compared with normal counterparts. Phenotypic analysis confirmed the significant down-regulation of HLA class I and II molecules in CML Lin(-)CD34(-) cells. Imatinib mesylate did not reduce fusion transcript levels, BCR-ABL kinase activity, and clonogenic efficiency of CML Lin(-)CD34(-) cells in vitro. Moreover, leukemic CD34(-) cells survived exposure to BCR-ABL inhibitors in vivo. Thus, we identified a novel CD34(-) leukemic stem cell subset in CML with peculiar molecular and functional characteristics.
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13
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Edward R. Use of DNA-specific anthraquinone dyes to directly reveal cytoplasmic and nuclear boundaries in live and fixed cells. Mol Cells 2009; 27:391-6. [PMID: 19390818 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-009-0066-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2009] [Accepted: 03/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Image-based, high-content screening assays demand solutions for image segmentation and cellular compartment encoding to track critical events--for example those reported by GFP fusions within mitosis, signalling pathways and protein translocations. To meet this need, a series of nuclear/cytoplasmic discriminating probes have been developed: DRAQ5 and CyTRAK Orange. These are spectrally compatible with GFP reporters offering new solutions in imaging and cytometry. At their most fundamental they provide a convenient fluorescent emission signature which is spectrally separated from the commonly used reporter proteins (e.g. eGFP, YFP, mRFP) and fluorescent tags such as Alexafluor 488, fluorescein and Cy2. Additionally, they do not excite in the UV and thus avoid the complications of compound UV-autofluorescence in drug discovery whilst limiting the impact of background sample autofluorescence. They provide a convenient means of stoichiometrically labelling cell nuclei in live cells without the aid of DMSO and can equally be used for fixed cells. Further developments have permitted the simultaneous and differential labelling of both nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments in live and fixed cells to clearly render the precise location of cell boundaries which may be beneficial for quantitative expression measurements, cell-cell interactions and most recently compound in vitro toxicology testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Edward
- Biostatus Ltd, Shepshed, Leicestershire, UK.
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14
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Pérez-Caro M, Cobaleda C, González-Herrero I, Vicente-Dueñas C, Bermejo-Rodríguez C, Sánchez-Beato M, Orfao A, Pintado B, Flores T, Sánchez-Martín M, Jiménez R, Piris MA, Sánchez-García I. Cancer induction by restriction of oncogene expression to the stem cell compartment. EMBO J 2008; 28:8-20. [PMID: 19037256 PMCID: PMC2600654 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2008.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2008] [Accepted: 11/07/2008] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In human cancers, all cancerous cells carry the oncogenic genetic lesions. However, to elucidate whether cancer is a stem cell-driven tissue, we have developed a strategy to limit oncogene expression to the stem cell compartment in a transgenic mouse setting. Here, we focus on the effects of the BCR-ABLp210 oncogene, associated with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) in humans. We show that CML phenotype and biology can be established in mice by restricting BCR-ABLp210 expression to stem cell antigen 1 (Sca1)+ cells. The course of the disease in Sca1-BCR-ABLp210 mice was not modified on STI571 treatment. However, BCR-ABLp210-induced CML is reversible through the unique elimination of the cancer stem cells (CSCs). Overall, our data show that oncogene expression in Sca1+ cells is all that is required to fully reprogramme it, giving rise to a full-blown, oncogene-specified tumour with all its mature cellular diversity, and that elimination of the CSCs is enough to eradicate the whole tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Pérez-Caro
- Experimental Therapeutics and Translational Oncology Program, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC/Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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15
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Association between the proliferative rate of neoplastic B cells, their maturation stage, and underlying cytogenetic abnormalities in B-cell chronic lymphoproliferative disorders: analysis of a series of 432 patients. Blood 2008; 111:5130-41. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2007-10-119289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Limited knowledge exists about the impact of specific genetic abnormalities on the proliferation of neoplastic B cells from chronic lymphoproliferative disorders (B-CLPDs). Here we analyze the impact of cytogenetic abnormalities on the proliferation of neoplastic B cells in 432 B-CLPD patients, grouped according to diagnosis and site of sampling, versus their normal counterparts. Overall, proliferation of neoplastic B cells highly varied among the different B-CLPD subtypes, the greatest numbers of proliferating cells being identified in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and Burkitt lymphoma (BL). Compared with normal B cells, neoplastic B-CLPD cells showed significantly increased S + G2/M-phase values in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL), BL, and some DLBCL cases. Conversely, decreased proliferation was observed in follicular lymphoma, lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma/Waldenström macroglobulinemia (LPL/WM), and some DLBCL patients; hairy cell leukemia, splenic marginal zone, and MALT-lymphoma patients showed S + G2/M phase values similar to normal mature B lymphocytes from LN. Interestingly, in B-CLL and MCL significantly higher percentages of S + G2/M cells were detected in BM versus PB and in LN versus BM and PB samples, respectively. In turn, presence of 14q32.3 gene rearrangements and DNA aneuploidy, was associated with a higher percentage of S + G2/M-phase cells among LPL/WM and B-CLL cases, respectively.
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16
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Dingli D, Traulsen A, Pacheco JM. Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: Origin, Development, Response to Therapy, and Relapse. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.3816/clk.2008.n.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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Mimeault M, Hauke R, Mehta PP, Batra SK. Recent advances in cancer stem/progenitor cell research: therapeutic implications for overcoming resistance to the most aggressive cancers. J Cell Mol Med 2008; 11:981-1011. [PMID: 17979879 PMCID: PMC4401269 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2007.00088.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Overcoming intrinsic and acquired resistance of cancer stem/progenitor cells to current clinical treatments represents a major challenge in treating and curing the most aggressive and metastatic cancers. This review summarizes recent advances in our understanding of the cellular origin and molecular mechanisms at the basis of cancer initiation and progression as well as the heterogeneity of cancers arising from the malignant transformation of adult stem/progenitor cells. We describe the critical functions provided by several growth factor cascades, including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), stem cell factor (SCF) receptor (KIT), hedgehog and Wnt/beta-catenin signalling pathways that are frequently activated in cancer progenitor cells and are involved in their sustained growth, survival, invasion and drug resistance. Of therapeutic interest, we also discuss recent progress in the development of new drug combinations to treat the highly aggressive and metastatic cancers including refractory/relapsed leukaemias, melanoma and head and neck, brain, lung, breast, ovary, prostate, pancreas and gastrointestinal cancers which remain incurable in the clinics. The emphasis is on new therapeutic strategies consisting of molecular targeting of distinct oncogenic signalling elements activated in the cancer progenitor cells and their local microenvironment during cancer progression. These new targeted therapies should improve the efficacy of current therapeutic treatments against aggressive cancers, and thereby preventing disease relapse and enhancing patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mimeault
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Eppley Institute of Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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18
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Graham SM, Vass JK, Holyoake TL, Graham GJ. Transcriptional Analysis of Quiescent and Proliferating CD34+ Human Hemopoietic Cells from Normal and Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Sources. Stem Cells 2007; 25:3111-20. [PMID: 17717066 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2007-0250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Quiescent and dividing hemopoietic stem cells (HSC) display marked differences in their ability to move between the peripheral circulation and the bone marrow. Specifically, long-term engraftment potential predominantly resides in the quiescent HSC subfraction, and G-CSF mobilization results in the preferential accumulation of quiescent HSC in the periphery. In contrast, stem cells from chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients display a constitutive presence in the circulation. To understand the molecular basis for this, we have used microarray technology to analyze the transcriptional differences between dividing and quiescent, normal, and CML-derived CD34+ cells. Our data show a remarkable transcriptional similarity between normal and CML dividing cells, suggesting that the effects of BCR-ABL on the CD34+ cell transcriptome are more limited than previously thought. In addition, we show that quiescent CML cells are more similar to their dividing counterparts than quiescent normal cells are to theirs. We also show these transcriptional differences to be reflected in the altered proliferative activity of normal and CML CD34+ cells. Of the most interest is that the major class of genes that is more abundant in the quiescent cells compared with the dividing cells encodes members of the chemokine family. We propose a role for chemokines expressed by quiescent HSC in the orchestration of CD34+ cell mobilization. Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, CD34/biosynthesis
- Antigens, CD34/genetics
- Cell Cycle/genetics
- Cell Division/genetics
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling/methods
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/cytology
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/pathology
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Male
- Neoplastic Cells, Circulating/metabolism
- Neoplastic Cells, Circulating/pathology
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis/methods
- Resting Phase, Cell Cycle/genetics
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Graham
- Experimental Haematology, Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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19
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Brazma D, Grace C, Howard J, Melo JV, Holyoke T, Apperley JF, Nacheva EP. Genomic profile of chronic myelogenous leukemia: Imbalances associated with disease progression. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2007; 46:1039-50. [PMID: 17696194 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of the chimeric BCR/ABL1 fusion gene resulting from t(9;22)(q34;q11) in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is necessary for malignant transformation, but not sufficient to maintain disease progression. The appearance of various chromosomal and molecular alterations in the accelerated and terminal phase of CML is well documented, but evidence for causal relationship is largely lacking. We carried out a genome wide screening at a resolution of 1 Mb of 54 samples at different stages of CML together with 12 CML cell lines and found that disease progression is accompanied by a spectrum of recurrent genome imbalances. Among the most frequent are losses at 1p36, 5q21, 9p21, and 9q34 and gains at 1q, 8q24, 9q34, 16p, and 22q11, all of which were located with higher precision within the genome than previously possible. These genome imbalances are unique to CML cases with clinically manifested or suspected accelerated/blast stage alike, but not seen in chronic phase samples. Previously unrecognized cryptic imbalances occurring within the Ph-chromosome were also detected, although further scrutiny is required to pin-point gene involvement and seek association with disease features. Importantly, some of these imbalances were seen in the CD34(+) cells but not in the whole BM samples of patients in accelerated phase. Taken together, these findings highlight the potential of screening CD34(+) cells for genome wide imbalances associated with disease progression. Finally, the numerous single copy number variations recorded, many unique to this cohort of patients, raise the possible association of genome polymorphism and CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Brazma
- Royal Free and UCL Medical School, Academic Haematology, Molecular Cytogenetics, Rowland Hill Street, Hampstead, and Hammersmith Hospital, London NW3 2PF, UK
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20
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Nacheva E. I13 Recent advances in molecular cytogenetics of CML. Blood Rev 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0268-960x(07)70014-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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Diaz-Blanco E, Bruns I, Neumann F, Fischer JC, Graef T, Rosskopf M, Brors B, Pechtel S, Bork S, Koch A, Baer A, Rohr UP, Kobbe G, von Haeseler A, Gattermann N, Haas R, Kronenwett R. Molecular signature of CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells of patients with CML in chronic phase. Leukemia 2007; 21:494-504. [PMID: 17252012 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we provide a molecular signature of highly enriched CD34+ cells from bone marrow of untreated patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) in chronic phase in comparison with normal CD34+ cells using microarrays covering 8746 genes. Expression data reflected several BCR-ABL-induced effects in primary CML progenitors, such as transcriptional activation of the classical mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway and the phosphoinositide-3 kinase/AKT pathway as well as downregulation of the proapoptotic gene IRF8. Moreover, novel transcriptional changes in comparison with normal CD34+ cells were identified. These include upregulation of genes involved in the transforming growth factorbeta pathway, fetal hemoglobin genes, leptin receptor, sorcin, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1, the neuroepithelial cell transforming gene 1 and downregulation of selenoprotein P. Additionally, genes associated with early hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and leukemogenesis such as HoxA9 and MEIS1 were transcriptionally activated. Differential expression of differentiation-associated genes suggested an altered composition of the CD34+ cell population in CML. This was confirmed by subset analyses of chronic phase CML CD34+ cells showing an increase of the proportion of megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitors, whereas the proportion of HSC and granulocyte-macrophage progenitors was decreased in CML. In conclusion, our results give novel insights into the biology of CML and could provide the basis for identification of new therapeutic targets.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, CD34/analysis
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Cell Adhesion/genetics
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Division/genetics
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/analysis
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/chemistry
- Humans
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/biosynthesis
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic-Phase/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic-Phase/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic-Phase/pathology
- Neoplasm Proteins/analysis
- Neoplasm Proteins/biosynthesis
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/chemistry
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Growth Factor/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Growth Factor/genetics
- Receptors, Leptin
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- E Diaz-Blanco
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, University of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
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