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Huber R, Diekmann M, Hoffmeister L, Kühl F, Welz B, Brand K. MARCKS Is an Essential Regulator of Reactive Oxygen Species Production in the Monocytic Cell Type. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081600. [PMID: 36009319 PMCID: PMC9404745 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS) is a ubiquitous protein mediating versatile effects in a variety of cell types, including actin crosslinking, signal transduction, and intracellular transport processes. MARCKS’s functional role in monocyte/macrophages, however, has not yet been adequately addressed. Thus, the aim of this study was to further elucidate the impact of MARCKS on central cellular functions of monocytic cells. To address this topic, we generated monocytic THP-1 (Tohoku Hospital Pediatrics-1)-derived MARCKS wildtype and knockout (KO) cells using the CRISPR/Cas9 technique. Remarkably, in the absence of MARCKS, both total and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were strongly suppressed but restored following transient MARCKS re-transfection. In contrast, proliferation, differentiation, cytokine expression, and phagocytosis remained unaltered. A complete inhibition of ROS production could also be achieved in THP-1-derived PKCβ KO cells or in PKC inhibitor Staurosporine-treated primary human monocytes. MARCKS deficiency also involved reduced basal Akt phosphorylation and delayed re-phosphorylation. Further analyses indicated that long-term TNF pre-incubation strongly enhances monocytic ROS production, which was completely blocked in MARCKS and PKCβ KO cells. Collectively, our study demonstrates that MARCKS is an essential molecule enabling ROS production by monocytic cells and suggests that MARCKS is part of a signal cascade involved in ROS formation.
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Yi YW, You KS, Park JS, Lee SG, Seong YS. Ribosomal Protein S6: A Potential Therapeutic Target against Cancer? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010048. [PMID: 35008473 PMCID: PMC8744729 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribosomal protein S6 (RPS6) is a component of the 40S small ribosomal subunit and participates in the control of mRNA translation. Additionally, phospho (p)-RPS6 has been recognized as a surrogate marker for the activated PI3K/AKT/mTORC1 pathway, which occurs in many cancer types. However, downstream mechanisms regulated by RPS6 or p-RPS remains elusive, and the therapeutic implication of RPS6 is underappreciated despite an approximately half a century history of research on this protein. In addition, substantial evidence from RPS6 knockdown experiments suggests the potential role of RPS6 in maintaining cancer cell proliferation. This motivates us to investigate the current knowledge of RPS6 functions in cancer. In this review article, we reviewed the current information about the transcriptional regulation, upstream regulators, and extra-ribosomal roles of RPS6, with a focus on its involvement in cancer. We also discussed the therapeutic potential of RPS6 in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Weon Yi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea; (Y.W.Y.); (K.S.Y.); (J.-S.P.)
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea
| | - Kyu Sic You
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea; (Y.W.Y.); (K.S.Y.); (J.-S.P.)
- Graduate School of Convergence Medical Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea
| | - Jeong-Soo Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea; (Y.W.Y.); (K.S.Y.); (J.-S.P.)
| | - Seok-Geun Lee
- Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-G.L.); (Y.-S.S.); Tel.: +82-2-961-2355 (S.-G.L.); +82-41-550-3875 (Y.-S.S.); Fax: +82-2-961-9623 (S.-G.L.)
| | - Yeon-Sun Seong
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea; (Y.W.Y.); (K.S.Y.); (J.-S.P.)
- Graduate School of Convergence Medical Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-G.L.); (Y.-S.S.); Tel.: +82-2-961-2355 (S.-G.L.); +82-41-550-3875 (Y.-S.S.); Fax: +82-2-961-9623 (S.-G.L.)
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Welz B, Bikker R, Hoffmeister L, Diekmann M, Christmann M, Brand K, Huber R. Activation of GSK3 Prevents Termination of TNF-Induced Signaling. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:1717-1730. [PMID: 33986607 PMCID: PMC8111165 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s300806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Termination of TNF-induced signaling plays a key role in the resolution of inflammation with dysregulations leading to severe pathophysiological conditions (sepsis, chronic inflammatory disease, cancer). Since a recent phospho-proteome analysis in human monocytes suggested GSK3 as a relevant kinase during signal termination, we aimed at further elucidating its role in this context. Materials and Methods For the analyses, THP-1 monocytic cells and primary human monocytes were used. Staurosporine (Stauro) was applied to activate GSK3 by inhibiting kinases that mediate inhibitory GSK3α/β-Ser21/9 phosphorylation (eg, PKC). For GSK3 inhibition, Kenpaulone (Ken) was used. GSK3- and PKC-siRNAs were applied for knockdown experiments. Protein expression and phosphorylation were assessed by Western blot or ELISA and mRNA expression by qPCR. NF-κB activation was addressed using reporter gene assays. Results Constitutive GSK3β and PKCβ expression and GSK3α/β-Ser21/9 and PKCα/βII-Thr638/641 phosphorylation were not altered during TNF long-term incubation. Stauro-induced GSK3 activation (demonstrated by Bcl3 reduction) prevented termination of TNF-induced signaling as reflected by strongly elevated IL-8 expression (used as an indicator) following TNF long-term incubation. A similar increase was observed in TNF short-term-exposed cells, and this effect was inhibited by Ken. PKCα/β-knockdown modestly increased, whereas GSK3α/β-knockdown inhibited TNF-induced IL-8 expression. TNF-dependent activation of two NF-κB-dependent indicator plasmids was enhanced by Stauro, demonstrating transcriptional effects. A TNF-induced increase in p65-Ser536 phosphorylation was further enhanced by Stauro, whereas IκBα proteolysis and IKKα/β-Ser176/180 phosphorylation were not affected. Moreover, PKCβ-knockdown reduced levels of Bcl3. A20 and IκBα mRNA, both coding for signaling inhibitors, were dramatically less affected under our conditions when compared to IL-8, suggesting differential transcriptional effects. Conclusion Our results suggest that GSK3 activation is involved in preventing the termination of TNF-induced signaling. Our data demonstrate that activation of GSK3 – either pathophysiologically or pharmacologically induced – may destroy the finely balanced condition necessary for the termination of inflammation-associated signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Welz
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | - Rolf Bikker
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | - Leonie Hoffmeister
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | - Mareike Diekmann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | - Martin Christmann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | - Korbinian Brand
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | - René Huber
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, 30625, Germany
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Song H, Liu J, Tian X, Liu D, Li J, Zhao X, Mei Z, Yan C, Han Y. Thrombopoietic effects of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β on the early-stage differentiation of megakaryocytes. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 703:108846. [PMID: 33744198 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ) is a transcription factor that is involved in adipocytic and monocytic differentiation. However, the physiological role of C/EBPβ in megakaryocytes (MKs) is not clear. In this study, we investigated the effects of C/EBPβ on the early-stage differentiation of MKs, and explored the potential mechanisms of action. We established a cytosine arabinoside-induced thrombocytopenia mouse model using C57BL/6 mice. In the thrombocytopenia mice, the platelet count was found to be decreased, and the mRNA and protein expression levels of C/EBPβ in MKs were also reduced. Furthermore, the maturation of Dami (MKs cell line) cells was induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. When C/EBPβ was silenced in Dami cells by transfection using C/EBPβ-small interfering RNA, the expression of MKs-specific markers CD41 and CD62P, was dramatically decreased, resulting in morphological changes and differentiation retardation in low ploidy, which were evaluated using flow cytometry, real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blot, and confocal microscopy. The mitogen activated protein kinase-extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathway was found to be required for the differentiation of MKs; knockdown of C/EBPβ in MEK/ERK1/2 pathway attenuated MKs differentiation. Overexpression of C/EBPβ in MEK/ERK1/2 pathway inhibited by U0126 did not promote MKs differentiation. To the best of our knowledge, C/EBPβ plays an important role in MKs differentiation and polyploidy cell cycle control. Taken together, C/EBPβ may have thrombopoietic effects in the differentiation of MKs, and may assist in the development of treatments for various disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- HaiXu Song
- Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiahao Liu
- Xiamen Special Service Health Center of the Army, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Tian
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiayin Li
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhao
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhu Mei
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Chenghui Yan
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Yaling Han
- Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China; Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China.
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Identification of New, Functionally Relevant Mutations in the Coding Regions of the Human Fos and Jun Proto-Oncogenes in Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovial Tissue. Life (Basel) 2020; 11:life11010005. [PMID: 33374881 PMCID: PMC7823737 DOI: 10.3390/life11010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the expression of many pro-destructive/pro-inflammatory proteins depends on the transcription factor AP-1. Therefore, our aim was to analyze the presence and functional relevance of mutations in the coding regions of the AP-1 subunits of the fos and jun family in peripheral blood (PB) and synovial membranes (SM) of RA and osteoarthritis patients (OA, disease control), as well as normal controls (NC). Using the non-isotopic RNAse cleavage assay, one known polymorphism (T252C: silent; rs1046117; present in RA, OA, and NC) and three novel germline mutations of the cfos gene were detected: (i) C361G/A367G: Gln121Glu/Ile123Val, denoted as “fos121/123”; present only in one OA sample; (ii) G374A: Arg125Lys, “fos125”; and (iii) C217A/G374A: Leu73Met/Arg125Lys, “fos73/125”, the latter two exclusively present in RA. In addition, three novel somatic cjun mutations (604–606ΔCAG: ΔGln202, “jun202”; C706T: Pro236Ser, “jun236”; G750A: silent) were found exclusively in the RA SM. Tansgenic expression of fos125 and fos73/125 mutants in NIH-3T3 cells induced an activation of reporter constructs containing either the MMP-1 (matrix metalloproteinase) promoter (3- and 4-fold, respectively) or a pentameric AP-1 site (approximately 5-fold). Combined expression of these two cfos mutants with cjun wildtype or mutants (jun202, jun236) further enhanced reporter expression of the pentameric AP-1 construct. Finally, genotyping for the novel functionally relevant germline mutations in 298 RA, 288 OA, and 484 NC samples revealed no association with RA. Thus, functional cfos/cjun mutants may contribute to local joint inflammation/destruction in selected patients with RA by altering the transactivation capacity of AP-1 complexes.
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Kaiser A, Schmidt M, Huber O, Frietsch JJ, Scholl S, Heidel FH, Hochhaus A, Müller JP, Ernst T. SIRT7: an influence factor in healthy aging and the development of age-dependent myeloid stem-cell disorders. Leukemia 2020; 34:2206-2216. [PMID: 32214204 PMCID: PMC8318878 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-020-0803-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Molecular alterations within the hematopoietic system influence cellular longevity and development of age-related myeloid stem-cell disorders like acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). A reduced SIRT7-expression in aged murine hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) resulted in reduced longevity and increased proliferation. In this study we investigated age-related changes of SIRT7-expression in healthy humans and relevant pathomechanisms in AML and CML. SIRT7-expression in leukocytes of healthy people decreased in an age-dependent manner. Low SIRT7 mRNA levels were also detected in AML and CML patients. With positive treatment response, SIRT7-expression increased, but showed reduction when patients progressed or relapsed. Pharmacologic inhibition of driver mutations in AML (FLT3-ITD) or CML (BCR-ABL) also restored SIRT7 levels in cell lines and patient samples. Furthermore, SIRT7-expression increased with time during PMA-mediated monocyte differentiation of THP-1 cells. SIRT7-overexpression in THP-1 cells resulted in increased expression of differentiation markers. BCR-ABL, FLT3-ITD, and differentiation-associated SIRT7-expression in general were positively regulated by C/EBPα, -β, and -ε binding to two different C/EBP-binding sites within the SIRT7 promoter. SIRT7 is important in human hematopoietic cell aging and longevity. It might act as tumor suppressor and could potentially serve as general biomarker for monitoring treatment response in myeloid stem-cell disorders.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Age Factors
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-alpha/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/antagonists & inhibitors
- Healthy Aging
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/etiology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/etiology
- Middle Aged
- Mutation
- Sirtuins/genetics
- Sirtuins/physiology
- THP-1 Cells
- fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kaiser
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Abteilung Hämatologie und Internistische Onkologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Schmidt
- Institut für Biochemie II, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Jena, Germany
| | - Otmar Huber
- Institut für Biochemie II, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Jena, Germany
| | - Jochen J Frietsch
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Abteilung Hämatologie und Internistische Onkologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Sebastian Scholl
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Abteilung Hämatologie und Internistische Onkologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Florian H Heidel
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Abteilung Hämatologie und Internistische Onkologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Germany
- Leibniz-Institute on Aging (Fritz-Lipmann-Institute), Jena, Germany
| | - Andreas Hochhaus
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Abteilung Hämatologie und Internistische Onkologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Jörg P Müller
- Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie, CMB, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Ernst
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Abteilung Hämatologie und Internistische Onkologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Germany.
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The "Janus" Role of C/EBPs Family Members in Cancer Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124308. [PMID: 32560326 PMCID: PMC7352866 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBPs) constitute a family of transcription factors composed of six members that are critical for normal cellular differentiation in a variety of tissues. They promote the expression of genes through interaction with their promoters. Moreover, they have a key role in regulating cellular proliferation through interaction with cell cycle proteins. C/EBPs are considered to be tumor suppressor factors due to their ability to arrest cell growth (contributing to the terminal differentiation of several cell types) and for their role in cellular response to DNA damage, nutrient deprivation, hypoxia, and genotoxic agents. However, C/EBPs can elicit completely opposite effects on cell proliferation and cancer development and they have been described as both tumor promoters and tumor suppressors. This "Janus" role of C/EBPs depends on different factors, such as the type of tumor, the isoform/s expressed in cells, the type of dimerization (homo- or heterodimerization), the presence of inhibitory elements, and the ability to inhibit the expression of other tumor suppressors. In this review, we discuss the implication of the C/EBPs family in cancer, focusing on the molecular aspects that make these transcription factors tumor promoters or tumor suppressors.
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Wang W, Xia X, Mao L, Wang S. The CCAAT/Enhancer-Binding Protein Family: Its Roles in MDSC Expansion and Function. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1804. [PMID: 31417568 PMCID: PMC6684943 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunosuppressive cells have been highlighted in research due to their roles in tumor progression and treatment failure. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are among the major immunosuppressive cell populations in the tumor microenvironment, and transcription factors (TFs) are likely involved in MDSC expansion and activation. As key regulatory TFs, members of the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) family possibly modulate many biological processes, including cell growth, differentiation, metabolism, and death. Current evidence suggests that C/EBPs maintain critical regulation of MDSCs and are involved in the differentiation and function of MDSCs within the tumor microenvironment. To better understand the MDSC-associated transcriptional network and identify new therapy targets, we herein review recent findings about the C/EBP family regarding their participation in the expansion and function of MDSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xueli Xia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lingxiang Mao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shengjun Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Cellular and Molecular Effects of High-Molecular-Weight Heparin on Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071595. [PMID: 30935029 PMCID: PMC6479594 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood sampling with different anticoagulants alters matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-) 9 expression, thus influencing its concentration and diagnostic validity. Here, we aimed to evaluate the effects of different anticoagulants on MMP-9 regulation. MMP-9 expression was assessed in response to ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, citrate, and high-/low-molecular-weight heparin (HMWH, LMWH) in co-culture experiments using THP-1, Jurkat, and HT cells (representing monocytes, T, and B cells). Triple and double cell line co-culture experiments revealed that HMWH treatment of THP-1 and Jurkat led to a significant MMP-9 induction, whereas other anticoagulants and cell type combinations had no effect. Supernatant of HMWH-treated Jurkat cells also induced MMP-9 in THP-1 suggesting monocytes as MMP-9 producers. HMWH-induced cytokine/chemokine secretion was assessed in co-culture supernatant, and the influence of cytokines/chemokines on MMP-9 production was analyzed. These experiments revealed that Jurkat-derived IL-16 and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule (sICAM-) 1 are able to induce MMP-9 and IL-8 production by THP-1. As a consequence, the increased MMP-9 expression found in HMWH blood samples may be influenced by HMWH-dependent secretion of IL-16 and sICAM-1 by T cells resulting in an increased production of MMP-9 and IL-8 by monocytes. IL-8, in turn, may support MMP-9 and its own expression in a positive autocrine feedback loop.
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Proteome and Phosphoproteome Analysis in TNF Long Term-Exposed Primary Human Monocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051241. [PMID: 30871024 PMCID: PMC6429050 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To better understand the inflammation-associated mechanisms modulating and terminating tumor necrosis factor (TNF-)induced signal transduction and the development of TNF tolerance, we analyzed both the proteome and the phosphoproteome in TNF long term-incubated (i.e., 48 h) primary human monocytes using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Our analyses revealed the presence of a defined set of proteins characterized by reproducible changes in expression and phosphorylation patterns in long term TNF-treated samples. In total, 148 proteins and 569 phosphopeptides were significantly regulated (103 proteins increased, 45 proteins decreased; 377 peptides with increased and 192 peptides with decreased phosphorylation). A variety of these proteins are associated with the non-canonical nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway (nuclear factor κB (NFKB) 2, v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog (REL) B, indolamin-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), kynureninase (KYNU)) or involved in the negative regulation of the canonical NF-κB system. Within the phosphopeptides, binding motifs for specific kinases were identified. Glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) 3 proved to be a promising candidate, since it targets NF-κB inhibiting factors, such as CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) β. Our experiments demonstrate that both proteome and phosphoproteome analysis can be effectively applied to study protein/phosphorylation patterns of primary monocytes. These results provide new regulatory candidates and evidence for a complex network of specific but synergistically acting/cooperating mechanisms enabling the affected cells to resist sustained TNF exposure and resulting in the resolution of inflammation.
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Müller C, Zidek LM, Ackermann T, de Jong T, Liu P, Kliche V, Zaini MA, Kortman G, Harkema L, Verbeek DS, Tuckermann JP, von Maltzahn J, de Bruin A, Guryev V, Wang ZQ, Calkhoven CF. Reduced expression of C/EBPβ-LIP extends health and lifespan in mice. eLife 2018; 7:34985. [PMID: 29708496 PMCID: PMC5986274 DOI: 10.7554/elife.34985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ageing is associated with physical decline and the development of age-related diseases such as metabolic disorders and cancer. Few conditions are known that attenuate the adverse effects of ageing, including calorie restriction (CR) and reduced signalling through the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway. Synthesis of the metabolic transcription factor C/EBPβ-LIP is stimulated by mTORC1, which critically depends on a short upstream open reading frame (uORF) in the Cebpb-mRNA. Here, we describe that reduced C/EBPβ-LIP expression due to genetic ablation of the uORF delays the development of age-associated phenotypes in mice. Moreover, female C/EBPβΔuORF mice display an extended lifespan. Since LIP levels increase upon aging in wild type mice, our data reveal an important role for C/EBPβ in the aging process and suggest that restriction of LIP expression sustains health and fitness. Thus, therapeutic strategies targeting C/EBPβ-LIP may offer new possibilities to treat age-related diseases and to prolong healthspan. The risks of major diseases including type II diabetes, cancer and Alzheimer’s are linked to the biological process of ageing. By finding ways to slow ageing, we can help more people to live longer healthier lives while avoiding these illnesses. Placing some animals on a diet that contains only two-thirds as many calories as they would normally eat can improve their fitness during old age and delay the onset of many age-related problems. It is unrealistic to expect people to control their diet to this extent, yet there may be other ways to bring about the same effects. Calorie restriction affects the activity of many different genes; for example, it causes a gene that produces a protein known as Liver-enriched Inhibitory Protein (LIP for short) to shut down. LIP controls the activity of many genes involved in metabolism, so it could be a key target for drugs to control ageing. Müller, Zidek et al. used mice that are unable to produce LIP to study this protein’s effect on ageing. The life expectancy of female mice lacking LIP increased by up to 20%. These mice were leaner, fitter, more resistant to cancer, had stronger immune systems and controlled their blood sugar levels better than normal mice. Male mice that lacked LIP did not live longer but did experience some ageing-related benefits. Genetic analysis also showed that gene activity particularly of metabolic genes is more robust in old female LIP-deficient mice and thus more similar to young control mice than old control mice. The results presented by Müller, Zidek et al. suggest that targeting the activity of the LIP gene could help to slow the ageing process. It is not yet clear whether shutting off LIP has similar beneficial effects in humans. Further research is also needed to investigate why female mice gain more benefits from a lack of LIP than males do.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Müller
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Laura M Zidek
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Tobias Ackermann
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Tristan de Jong
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Peng Liu
- Institute for Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Verena Kliche
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Mohamad Amr Zaini
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Gertrud Kortman
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth Harkema
- Dutch Molecular Pathology Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Dineke S Verbeek
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jan P Tuckermann
- Institute for Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Alain de Bruin
- Dutch Molecular Pathology Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Victor Guryev
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Zhao-Qi Wang
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Cornelis F Calkhoven
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
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12
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Kampa-Schittenhelm KM, Vogel W, Bonzheim I, Fend F, Horger M, Kanz L, Soekler M, Schittenhelm MM. Dasatinib overrides the differentiation blockage in a patient with mutant- KIT D816V positive CBFβ-MYH11 leukemia. Oncotarget 2018; 9:11876-11882. [PMID: 29545943 PMCID: PMC5837740 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Activating KIT D816V mutations are frequently found in CBF AML, which predicts for an unfavorable outcome. Dasatinib is a potent inhibitor of wildtype and mutant-KIT isoforms - including D816V. We now provide proof of antileukemic efficacy in a patient with relapsing mutant-KIT D816V CBF AML. Importantly, this effect is mediated via overriding the differentiation blockage of the leukemia clone. In addition, we show that dasatinib is capable to induce pulmonary differentiation syndrome - and therefore needs close monitoring of patients under therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin M. Kampa-Schittenhelm
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology and Pulmonology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Wichard Vogel
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology and Pulmonology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Irina Bonzheim
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, Reference Center for Hematopathology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Falko Fend
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, Reference Center for Hematopathology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marius Horger
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lothar Kanz
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology and Pulmonology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Soekler
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology and Pulmonology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marcus M. Schittenhelm
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology and Pulmonology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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13
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Sawada S, Chosa N, Takizawa N, Yokota J, Igarashi Y, Tomoda K, Kondo H, Yaegashi T, Ishisaki A. Establishment of mesenchymal stem cell lines derived from the bone marrow of green fluorescent protein-transgenic mice exhibiting a diversity in intracellular transforming growth factor-β and bone morphogenetic protein signaling. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:2023-31. [PMID: 26781600 PMCID: PMC4768972 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.4794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines and their intercellular signals regulate the multipotency of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The present study established the MSC lines SG-2, -3, and -5 from the bone marrow of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-transgenic mice. These cell lines clearly expressed mouse MSC markers Sca-1 and CD44, and SG-2 and -5 cells retained the potential for osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation in the absence of members of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β superfamily. By contrast, SG-3 cells only retained adipogenic differentiation potential. Analysis of cytokine and cytokine receptor expression in these SG cell lines showed that bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor 1B was most highly expressed in the SG-3 cells, which underwent osteogenesis in response to BMP, while TGF-β receptor II was most highly expressed in SG-3 and -5 cells. However, it was unexpectedly noted that phosphorylation of Smad 2, a major transcription factor, was induced by TGF-β1 in SG-2 cells but not in SG-3 or -5 cells. Furthermore, TGF-β1 clearly induced the expression of Smad-interacting transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-β in SG-2 but not in SG-3 or -5 cells. These results demonstrated the establishment of TGF-β-responsive SG-2 MSCs, BMP-responsive SG-3 MSCs and TGF-β/BMP-unresponsive SG-5 MSCs, each of which was able to be traced by GFP fluorescence after transplantation into in vivo experimental models. In conclusion, the present study suggested that these cell lines may be used to explore how the TGF-β superfamily affects the proliferation and differentiation status of MSCs in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Sawada
- Division of Cellular Biosignal Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Iwate 028‑3694, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Chosa
- Division of Cellular Biosignal Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Iwate 028‑3694, Japan
| | - Naoki Takizawa
- Division of Cellular Biosignal Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Iwate 028‑3694, Japan
| | - Jun Yokota
- Division of Cellular Biosignal Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Iwate 028‑3694, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Igarashi
- Division of Cellular Biosignal Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Iwate 028‑3694, Japan
| | - Koichi Tomoda
- Department of Otolaryngology, Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka 573‑1010, Japan
| | - Hisatomo Kondo
- Department of Prosthodontics and Oral Implantology, Iwate Medical University School of Dentistry, Morioka, Iwate 020‑8505, Japan
| | - Takashi Yaegashi
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Iwate Medical University School of Dentistry, Morioka, Iwate 020‑8505, Japan
| | - Akira Ishisaki
- Division of Cellular Biosignal Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Iwate 028‑3694, Japan
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14
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Huber R, Panterodt T, Welz B, Christmann M, Friesenhagen J, Westphal A, Pietsch D, Brand K. C/EBPβ-LAP*/LAP Expression Is Mediated by RSK/eIF4B-Dependent Signalling and Boosted by Increased Protein Stability in Models of Monocytic Differentiation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144338. [PMID: 26646662 PMCID: PMC4672875 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor C/EBPβ plays a key role in monocytic differentiation and inflammation. Its small isoform LIP is associated with proliferation at early premonocytic developmental stages and regulated via mTOR-dependent signalling. During later stages of (pre)monocytic differentiation there is a considerable increase in the large C/EBPβ isoforms LAP*/LAP which inhibit proliferation thus supporting terminal differentiation. Here, we showed in different models of monocytic differentiation that this dramatic increase in the LAP*/LAP protein and LAP/LIP ratio was accompanied by an only modest/retarded mRNA increase suggesting an important role for (post)translational mechanisms. We found that LAP*/LAP formation was induced via MEK/RSK-dependent cascades, whereas mTOR/S6K1 were not involved. Remarkably, LAP*/LAP expression was dependent on phosphorylated eIF4B, an acceleratory protein of RNA helicase eIF4A. PKR inhibition reduced the expression of eIF4B and C/EBPβ in an eIF2α-independent manner. Furthermore, under our conditions a marked stabilisation of LAP*/LAP protein occurred, accompanied by reduced chymotrypsin-like proteasome/calpain activities and increased calpastatin levels. Our study elucidates new signalling pathways inducing LAP*/LAP expression and indicates new alternative PKR functions in monocytes. The switch from mTOR- to RSK-mediated signalling to orchestrate eIF4B-dependent LAP*/LAP translation, accompanied by increased protein stability but only small mRNA changes, may be a prototypical example for the regulation of protein expression during selected processes of differentiation/proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Huber
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Panterodt
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Bastian Welz
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Christmann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Judith Friesenhagen
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Westphal
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Daniel Pietsch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Korbinian Brand
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail:
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15
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Hirai H, Yokota A, Tamura A, Sato A, Maekawa T. Non-steady-state hematopoiesis regulated by the C/EBPβ transcription factor. Cancer Sci 2015; 106:797-802. [PMID: 25940801 PMCID: PMC4520629 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Steady-state hematopoiesis responds to extracellular stimuli to meet changing demands and also to pathologically altered intracellular signaling. Granulocyte production increases following infection or in response to cytokine stimulation, and activation of the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ) transcription factor is required for such stress-induced granulopoiesis, whereas C/EBPα plays a critical role in maintaining steady-state granulopoiesis. Different roles of these C/EBP transcription factors in different modes of hematopoiesis are evolutionally conserved from zebrafish to humans. In addition to reactions against infections, C/EBPβ is responsible for cancer-driven myelopoiesis, which promotes cancer progression, at least in part, by abrogating the immune response in the cancer microenvironment. The BCR–ABL fusion protein activates emergency-specific pathway of granulopoiesis by upregulating C/EBPβ. This in turn causes chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia, which is characterized by myeloid expansion. The C/EBPβ transcription factor also plays a role in other hematological malignancies of both myeloid and lymphoid lineage origin. Thus, elucidation of the upstream and downstream networks surrounding C/EBPβ will lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for diseases mediated by non-steady-state hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyo Hirai
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Kyoto University HospitalKyoto, Japan
- Correspondence Hideyo Hirai, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogo-in, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan., Tel: +81-75-751-3630; Fax: +81-75-751-4283;, E-mail:
| | - Asumi Yokota
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Kyoto University HospitalKyoto, Japan
| | - Akihiro Tamura
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Kyoto University HospitalKyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sato
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Kyoto University HospitalKyoto, Japan
| | - Taira Maekawa
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Kyoto University HospitalKyoto, Japan
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16
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Li J, Shan F, Xiong G, Chen X, Guan X, Wang JM, Wang WL, Xu X, Bai Y. EGF-induced C/EBPβ participates in EMT by decreasing the expression of miR-203 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:3735-44. [PMID: 24994936 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.148759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a developmental program that is associated with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) progression and metastasis. Recently, C/EBPβ has been reported to be an EMT inducer in cancer. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we report for the first time, that the truncated CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ) LIP isoform is abnormally overexpressed and correlated with cancer metastasis in clinical specimens of human ESCC. Furthermore, we demonstrate that C/EBPβ LIP mediates epithelial growth factor (EGF)-induced EMT and increases migration and invasion of esophageal cancer cells in a manner that is dependent on miR-203 inactivation. Finally, we identified miR-203 as a direct target of C/EBPβ LIP. Disruption of C/EBPβ LIP attenuated the EGF-mediated decrease in miR-203, whereas overexpression of C/EBPβ LIP alone markedly suppressed miR-203. In addition, we demonstrated that C/EBPβ LIP inhibited miR-203 transcription by directly interacting with a conserved distal regulatory element upstream of the miR-203 locus, and in doing so, orchestrated chromatin remodeling. In conclusion, our results have revealed a new regulatory mechanism that involves C/EBPβ-LIP-mediated downregulation of miR-203, which plays a key role in EMT and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxia Li
- Department of Medical Genetics, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Fabo Shan
- Department of Pathophysiology and High Altitude Physiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Xiong
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuedan Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingying Guan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Ju-Ming Wang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biosignal Transduction, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Lin Wang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biosignal Transduction, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Xueqing Xu
- Molecular Biology Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn, and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Bai
- Department of Medical Genetics, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
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17
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Huber R, Pietsch D, Günther J, Welz B, Vogt N, Brand K. Regulation of monocyte differentiation by specific signaling modules and associated transcription factor networks. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:63-92. [PMID: 23525665 PMCID: PMC11113479 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1322-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Revised: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Monocyte/macrophages are important players in orchestrating the immune response as well as connecting innate and adaptive immunity. Myelopoiesis and monopoiesis are characterized by the interplay between expansion of stem/progenitor cells and progression towards further developed (myelo)monocytic phenotypes. In response to a variety of differentiation-inducing stimuli, various prominent signaling pathways are activated. Subsequently, specific transcription factors are induced, regulating cell proliferation and maturation. This review article focuses on the integration of signaling modules and transcriptional networks involved in the determination of monocytic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Huber
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str.1, 30625, Hannover, Germany,
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18
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The shortest isoform of C/EBPβ, liver inhibitory protein (LIP), collaborates with Evi1 to induce AML in a mouse BMT model. Blood 2013; 121:4142-55. [PMID: 23547050 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-07-368654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecotropic viral integration site 1 (Evi1) is one of the master regulators in the development of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome. High expression of Evi1 is found in 10% of patients with AML and indicates a poor outcome. Several recent studies have indicated that Evi1 requires collaborative factors to induce AML. Therefore, the search for candidate factors that collaborate with Evi1 in leukemogenesis is one of the key issues in uncovering the mechanism of Evi1-related leukemia. Previously, we succeeded in making a mouse model of Evi1-related leukemia using a bone marrow transplantation (BMT) system. In the Evi1-induced leukemic cells, we identified frequent retroviral integrations near the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ) gene and overexpression of its protein. These findings imply that C/EBPβ is a candidate gene that collaborates with Evi1 in leukemogenesis. Cotransduction of Evi1 and the shortest isoform of C/EBPβ, liver inhibitory protein (LIP), induced AML with short latencies in a mouse BMT model. Overexpression of LIP alone also induced AML with longer latencies. However, excision of all 3 isoforms of C/EBPβ (LAP*/LAP/LIP) did not inhibit the development of Evi1-induced leukemia. Therefore, isoform-specific intervention that targets LIP is required when we consider C/EBPβ as a therapeutic target.
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19
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Regulation of C/EBPβ and resulting functions in cells of the monocytic lineage. Cell Signal 2012; 24:1287-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2012.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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20
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Gutsch R, Kandemir JD, Pietsch D, Cappello C, Meyer J, Simanowski K, Huber R, Brand K. CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta inhibits proliferation in monocytic cells by affecting the retinoblastoma protein/E2F/cyclin E pathway but is not directly required for macrophage morphology. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:22716-29. [PMID: 21558273 PMCID: PMC3123039 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.152538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytic differentiation is orchestrated by complex networks that are not fully understood. This study further elucidates the involvement of transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ). Initially, we demonstrated a marked increase in nuclear C/EBPβ-liver-enriched activating protein* (LAP*)/liver-enriched activating protein (LAP) levels and LAP/liver-enriched inhibiting protein (LIP) ratios in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-treated differentiating THP-1 premonocytic cells accompanied by reduced proliferation. To directly study C/EBPβ effects on monocytic cells, we generated novel THP-1-derived (low endogenous C/EBPβ) cell lines stably overexpressing C/EBPβ isoforms. Most importantly, cells predominantly overexpressing LAP* (C/EBPβ-long), but not those overexpressing LIP (C/EBPβ-short), exhibited a reduced proliferation, with no effect on morphology. PMA-induced inhibition of proliferation was attenuated in C/EBPβ-short cells. In C/EBPβWT macrophage-like cells (high endogenous C/EBPβ), we measured a reduced proliferation/cycling index compared with C/EBPβKO. The typical macrophage morphology was only observed in C/EBPβWT, whereas C/EBPβKO stayed round. C/EBPα did not compensate for C/EBPβ effects on proliferation/morphology. Serum reduction, an independent approach known to inhibit proliferation, induced macrophage morphology in C/EBPβKO macrophage-like cells but not THP-1. In PMA-treated THP-1 and C/EBPβ-long cells, a reduced phosphorylation of cell cycle repressor retinoblastoma was found. In addition, C/EBPβ-long cells showed reduced c-Myc expression accompanied by increased CDK inhibitor p27 and reduced cyclin D1 levels. Finally, C/EBPβ-long and C/EBPβWT cells exhibited low E2F1 and cyclin E levels, and C/EBPβ overexpression was found to inhibit cyclin E1 promoter-dependent transcription. Our results suggest that C/EBPβ reduces monocytic proliferation by affecting the retinoblastoma/E2F/cyclin E pathway and that it may contribute to, but is not directly required for, macrophage morphology. Inhibition of proliferation by C/EBPβ may be important for coordinated monocytic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Gutsch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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21
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Abdou HS, Atlas E, Haché RJG. Liver-enriched inhibitory protein (LIP) actively inhibits preadipocyte differentiation through histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1). J Biol Chem 2011; 286:21488-99. [PMID: 21521687 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.211540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ) is expressed as three isoforms (LAP*, liver-enriched activating protein (LAP), and liver-enriched inhibitory protein (LIP)) that differentially regulate gene expression. The interplay between LAP*, LAP, and LIP in regulating cellular processes is largely unknown, and LIP has been largely regarded to repress transcription through a passive heterodimerization-dependent mechanism. Recently, we have shown that p300/GCN5 and mSin3A/HDAC1 differentially regulate the ability of C/EBPβ to stimulate preadipocyte differentiation through activation of C/ebpα transcription. Here, we have mapped requirements for binding of mSin3A/HDAC1 to LAP/LAP* and LIP to a 4-amino acid motif in the central region of LAP/LAP* (residues 153-156) and the N terminus of LIP. Reducing mSin3A/HDAC1 binding to LAP/LAP* and LIP through deletion of this motif reduced the recruitment of HDAC1 to the C/ebpα promoter and increased preadipocyte differentiation stimulated by insulin and 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine. Additional studies showed that the interaction of HDAC1 with LIP provides for active repression of C/ebpα transcription and is largely responsible for the ability of LIP and HDAC1 to repress preadipocyte differentiation. Thus, although mSin3A/HDAC1 interacted readily with LAP/LAP* in addition to LIP and that expression of LAP/LAP* was sufficient to recruit HDAC1 to the C/ebpα promoter, mutations in C/ebpβ that abrogated HDAC1 association to LAP/LAP* in the absence of LIP provided no additional stimulation of differentiation or transcription beyond the deletion of LIP alone. The implication of these results for the interaction between p300/GCN5 and mSin3A/HDAC1 in regulating C/EBPα transcription and preadipocyte differentiation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houssein-Salem Abdou
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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