1
|
Ahamad N, Singh BB. Calcium channels and their role in regenerative medicine. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:260-280. [PMID: 33959218 PMCID: PMC8080543 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i4.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells hold indefinite self-renewable capability that can be differentiated into all desired cell types. Based on their plasticity potential, they are divided into totipotent (morula stage cells), pluripotent (embryonic stem cells), multipotent (hematopoietic stem cells, multipotent adult progenitor stem cells, and mesenchymal stem cells [MSCs]), and unipotent (progenitor cells that differentiate into a single lineage) cells. Though bone marrow is the primary source of multipotent stem cells in adults, other tissues such as adipose tissues, placenta, amniotic fluid, umbilical cord blood, periodontal ligament, and dental pulp also harbor stem cells that can be used for regenerative therapy. In addition, induced pluripotent stem cells also exhibit fundamental properties of self-renewal and differentiation into specialized cells, and thus could be another source for regenerative medicine. Several diseases including neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune diseases, virus infection (also coronavirus disease 2019) have limited success with conventional medicine, and stem cell transplantation is assumed to be the best therapy to treat these disorders. Importantly, MSCs, are by far the best for regenerative medicine due to their limited immune modulation and adequate tissue repair. Moreover, MSCs have the potential to migrate towards the damaged area, which is regulated by various factors and signaling processes. Recent studies have shown that extracellular calcium (Ca2+) promotes the proliferation of MSCs, and thus can assist in transplantation therapy. Ca2+ signaling is a highly adaptable intracellular signal that contains several components such as cell-surface receptors, Ca2+ channels/pumps/exchangers, Ca2+ buffers, and Ca2+ sensors, which together are essential for the appropriate functioning of stem cells and thus modulate their proliferative and regenerative capacity, which will be discussed in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nassem Ahamad
- School of Dentistry, UT Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78257, United States
| | - Brij B Singh
- School of Dentistry, UT Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78257, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
MiR200 and miR302: Two Big Families Influencing Stem Cell Behavior. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23020282. [PMID: 29385685 PMCID: PMC6017081 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we described different factors that modulate pluripotency in stem cells, in particular we aimed at following the steps of two large families of miRNAs: the miR-200 family and the miR-302 family. We analyzed some factors tuning stem cells behavior as TGF-β, which plays a pivotal role in pluripotency inhibition together with specific miRNAs, reactive oxygen species (ROS), but also hypoxia, and physical stimuli, such as ad hoc conveyed electromagnetic fields. TGF-β plays a crucial role in the suppression of pluripotency thus influencing the achievement of a specific phenotype. ROS concentration can modulate TGF-β activation that in turns down regulates miR-200 and miR-302. These two miRNAs are usually requested to maintain pluripotency, while they are down-regulated during the acquirement of a specific cellular phenotype. Moreover, also physical stimuli, such as extremely-low frequency electromagnetic fields or high-frequency electromagnetic fields conveyed with a radioelectric asymmetric conveyer (REAC), and hypoxia can deeply influence stem cell behavior by inducing the appearance of specific phenotypes, as well as a direct reprogramming of somatic cells. Unraveling the molecular mechanisms underlying the complex interplay between externally applied stimuli and epigenetic events could disclose novel target molecules to commit stem cell fate.
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang Y, Ji X, Leak RK, Chen F, Cao G. Stem cell therapies in age-related neurodegenerative diseases and stroke. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 34:39-50. [PMID: 27876573 PMCID: PMC5250574 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aging, a complex process associated with various structural, functional and metabolic changes in the brain, is an important risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases and stroke. These diseases share similar neuropathological changes, such as the formation of misfolded proteins, oxidative stress, loss of neurons and synapses, dysfunction of the neurovascular unit (NVU), reduction of self-repair capacity, and motor and/or cognitive deficiencies. In addition to gray matter dysfunction, the plasticity and repair capacity of white matter also decrease with aging and contribute to neurodegenerative diseases. Aging not only renders patients more susceptible to these disorders, but also attenuates their self-repair capabilities. In addition, low drug responsiveness and intolerable side effects are major challenges in the prevention and treatment of senile diseases. Thus, stem cell therapies-characterized by cellular plasticity and the ability to self-renew-may be a promising strategy for aging-related brain disorders. Here, we review the common pathophysiological changes, treatments, and the promises and limitations of stem cell therapies in age-related neurodegenerative diseases and stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- Departments of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital University of Medicine, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xunming Ji
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital University of Medicine, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Rehana K Leak
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, United States
| | - Fenghua Chen
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States
| | - Guodong Cao
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States; Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Centers, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
Human adult mesenchymal stem cells are present in fat tissue, which can be obtained using surgical procedures such as liposuction. The multilineage capacity of mesenchymal stem cells makes them very valuable for cell-based medical therapies. In this chapter, we describe how to isolate mesenchymal stem cells from human adult fat tissue, propagate the cells in culture, and cryopreserve the cells for tissue engineering applications. Flow cytometry methods are also described for identification and characterization of adipose-derived stem cells and for cell sorting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nastaran Mahmoudifar
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Pauline M Doran
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, P.O. Box 218, Hawthorn, Melbourne, VIC, 3122, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhu X, Wang X, Cao G, Liu F, Yang Y, Li X, Zhang Y, Mi Y, Liu J, Zhang L. Stem cell properties and neural differentiation of sheep amniotic epithelial cells. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:1210-9. [PMID: 25206415 PMCID: PMC4107608 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.13.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to verify the stem cell properties of sheep amniotic epithelial cells and their capacity for neural differentiation. Immunofluorescence microscopy and reverse transcription-PCR revealed that the sheep amniotic epithelial cells were positive for the embryonic stem cell marker proteins SSEA-1, SSEA-3, SSEA-4, TRA-1-60 and TRA-1-81, and the totipotency-associated genes Oct-4, Sox-2 and Rex-1, but negative for Nanog. Amniotic epithelial cells expressed β-III-tubulin, glial fibrillary acidic protein, nestin and microtubule-associated protein-2 at 28 days after induction with serum-free neurobasal-A medium containing B-27. Thus, sheep amniotic epithelial cells could differentiate into neurons expressing β-III-tubulin and microtubule-associated protein-2, and glial-like cells expressing glial fibrillary acidic protein, under specific conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuemin Zhu
- Veterinary Medicine College of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China ; College of Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, Henan Province, China
| | - Xiumei Wang
- Veterinary Medicine College of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Guifang Cao
- Veterinary Medicine College of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Fengjun Liu
- College of Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, Henan Province, China
| | - Yinfeng Yang
- Veterinary Medicine College of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xiaonan Li
- Liaoning Center for Animal Epidemic Disease Control and Prevention, Shenyang 110164, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yuling Zhang
- College of Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, Henan Province, China
| | - Yan Mi
- Veterinary Medicine College of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Junping Liu
- Veterinary Medicine College of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Lingli Zhang
- Veterinary Medicine College of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen C, Dubin R, Kim MC. Emerging trends and new developments in regenerative medicine: a scientometric update (2000 - 2014). Expert Opin Biol Ther 2014; 14:1295-317. [PMID: 25077605 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2014.920813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 352] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Our previous scientometric review of regenerative medicine provides a snapshot of the fast-growing field up to the end of 2011. The new review identifies emerging trends and new developments appearing in the literature of regenerative medicine based on relevant articles and reviews published between 2000 and the first month of 2014. AREAS COVERED Multiple datasets of publications relevant to regenerative medicine are constructed through topic search and citation expansion to ensure adequate coverage of the field. Networks of co-cited references representing the literature of regenerative medicine are constructed and visualized based on a combined dataset of 71,393 articles published between 2000 and 2014. Structural and temporal dynamics are identified in terms of most active topical areas and cited references. New developments are identified in terms of newly emerged clusters and research areas. Disciplinary-level patterns are visualized in dual-map overlays. EXPERT OPINION While research in induced pluripotent stem cells remains the most prominent area in the field of regenerative medicine, research related to clinical and therapeutic applications in regenerative medicine has experienced a considerable growth. In addition, clinical and therapeutic developments in regenerative medicine have demonstrated profound connections with the induced pluripotent stem cell research and stem cell research in general. A rapid adaptation of graphene-based nanomaterials in regenerative medicine is evident. Both basic research represented by stem cell research and application-oriented research typically found in tissue engineering are now increasingly integrated in the scientometric landscape of regenerative medicine. Tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary field in its own right. Advances in multiple disciplines such as stem cell research and graphene research have strengthened the connections between tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaomei Chen
- Drexel University, College of Computing and Informatics , 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-2875 , USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Disease Modeling and Drug Discovery in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 52:244-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8867-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
8
|
Wasik AM, Grabarek J, Pantovic A, Cieślar-Pobuda A, Asgari HR, Bundgaard-Nielsen C, Rafat M, Dixon IMC, Ghavami S, Łos MJ. Reprogramming and carcinogenesis--parallels and distinctions. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 308:167-203. [PMID: 24411172 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800097-7.00005-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Rapid progress made in various areas of regenerative medicine in recent years occurred both at the cellular level, with the Nobel prize-winning discovery of reprogramming (generation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells) and also at the biomaterial level. The use of four transcription factors, Oct3/4, Sox2, c-Myc, and Klf4 (called commonly "Yamanaka factors") for the conversion of differentiated cells, back to the pluripotent/embryonic stage, has opened virtually endless and ethically acceptable source of stem cells for medical use. Various types of stem cells are becoming increasingly popular as starting components for the development of replacement tissues, or artificial organs. Interestingly, many of the transcription factors, key to the maintenance of stemness phenotype in various cells, are also overexpressed in cancer (stem) cells, and some of them may find the use as prognostic factors. In this review, we describe various methods of iPS creation, followed by overview of factors known to interfere with the efficiency of reprogramming. Next, we discuss similarities between cancer stem cells and various stem cell types. Final paragraphs are dedicated to interaction of biomaterials with tissues, various adverse reactions generated as a result of such interactions, and measures available, that allow for mitigation of such negative effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agata M Wasik
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jerzy Grabarek
- Department of Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Aleksandar Pantovic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, and Clinic of Neurology, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Artur Cieślar-Pobuda
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKE), Division of Cell Biology, and Integrative Regenerative Medicine Center (IGEN), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Biosystems Group, Institute of Automatic Control, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | | | - Caspar Bundgaard-Nielsen
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKE), Division of Cell Biology, and Integrative Regenerative Medicine Center (IGEN), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Mehrdad Rafat
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKE), Division of Cell Biology, and Integrative Regenerative Medicine Center (IGEN), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Engineering (IMT), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ian M C Dixon
- Department of Physiology, St. Boniface Research Centre, and Manitoba Institute of Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Physiology, St. Boniface Research Centre, and Manitoba Institute of Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Marek J Łos
- Department of Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKE), Division of Cell Biology, and Integrative Regenerative Medicine Center (IGEN), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; BioApplications Enterprises, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wagnerova A, Gardlik R. In vivo reprogramming in inflammatory bowel disease. Gene Ther 2013; 20:1111-8. [PMID: 24025994 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2013.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 06/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The direct reprogramming of somatic cells has immense implications in various areas of medicine. Although remarkable progress has been made in developing novel reprogramming methods, the efficiency and fidelity of reprogramming still need to be improved. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) involves chronic inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract with a complex etiology caused by various genetic, immunological and environmental factors. Recently, the role of stem cells has been proposed in pathogenesis and therapy of IBD. However, the efficiency and the safety of the stem cell treatments depend on the origin of the stem cell and the administration method. We hypothesize that the reprogramming of the intestinal cells into a pluripotent state is of huge importance for IBD therapy and prevention. The vectors carrying reprogramming genes encoding pluripotency factors can be transferred to the damaged tissue, in this case the intestine, by means of invasive bacterial vectors able to colonize colon mucosa. Reconstruction of tissues in vivo might avoid problems encountered in tissue rebuilding in vitro because of lack of appropriate scaffolds and microenvironments. Herein we present a review of recent literature and a perspective of in vivo reprogramming in IBD using bacterial vectors and analyze the rationale for such approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Wagnerova
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Enhancing stem cell survival in vivo for tissue repair. Biotechnol Adv 2013; 31:736-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2012.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Revised: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 11/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
11
|
Generation of human iPSCs from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells using non-integrative Sendai virus in chemically defined conditions. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 1036:81-8. [PMID: 23807788 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-511-8_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have received enormous attention because of their ability to differentiate into multiple cell types that demonstrate the patient's original phenotype. The use of hiPSCs is particularly valuable to the study of cardiac biology, as human cardiomyocytes are difficult to isolate and culture and have a limited proliferative potential. By deriving iPSCs from patients with heart disease and subsequently differentiating these hiPSCs to cardiomyocytes, it is feasible to study cardiac biology in vitro and model cardiac diseases. While there are many different methods for deriving hiPSCs, clinical use of these hiPSCs will require derivation by methods that do not involve modification of the original genome (non-integrative) or incorporate xeno-derived products (such as bovine serum albumin) which may contain xeno-agents. Ideally, this derivation would be carried out under chemically defined conditions to prevent lot-to-lot variability and enhance reproducibility. Additionally, derivation from cell types such as fibroblasts requires extended culture (4-6 weeks), greatly increasing the time required to progress from biopsy to hiPSC. Herein, we outline a method of culturing peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and reprogramming PBMCs into hiPSCs using a non-integrative Sendai virus.
Collapse
|
12
|
Dereure O. [Stem cells in dermatology: concept and medical interest]. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2012; 139:568-78. [PMID: 22963970 DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2012.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O Dereure
- Service de dermatologie, Inserm U1058, université Montpellier-I, hôpital St-Éloi, 80, avenue A.-Fliche, 34295 Montpellier cedex 5, France.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gardlik R. Inducing pluripotency using in vivo gene therapy. Med Hypotheses 2012; 79:197-201. [PMID: 22595803 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 04/22/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Since the original study of Takahashi and Yamanaka in 2006 [1], the field of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells has made a great progress. Since then, a number of different cell types have been successfully brought to a state of pluripotency and a different set of transcription factors have been reported to be sufficient to reprogram mouse and human somatic cells. Although still with low efficiency of reprogramming, the patient- and disease-specific therapy represents the most valuable outcome of the whole area of iPS cells. Herein we hypothesize that inducing pluripotency in vivo might be an interesting alternative to the standard ex vivo methods. In vivo reprogramming would benefit from the direct administration of the DNA encoding the reprogramming factors into the target tissue/organ of an individual. The target cells that are to be reprogrammed would be transduced in their natural environment that can provide all the necessary molecular and spatial factors that could be missing during ex vivo reprogramming. However, since no available data exist on in vivo induced pluripotency, it is difficult to predict if testing the hypothesis will provide any promising results. On the way to this point, a number of pilot experiments have to be performed to overcome many limitations and pitfalls that are arising from such a risky concept. Safety issues, such as the risk of somatic tumor formation, will likely be the crucial point to focus on during the process of proving the validity of the hypothesis. However, initial data from the study on inflammatory bowel disease suggest that there might be some beneficial effect of in vivo gene therapy based on reprogramming the target cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Gardlik
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chen L, Kasai T, Li Y, Sugii Y, Jin G, Okada M, Vaidyanath A, Mizutani A, Satoh A, Kudoh T, Hendrix MJC, Salomon DS, Fu L, Seno M. A model of cancer stem cells derived from mouse induced pluripotent stem cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33544. [PMID: 22511923 PMCID: PMC3325228 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are capable of continuous proliferation and self-renewal and are proposed to play significant roles in oncogenesis, tumor growth, metastasis and cancer recurrence. CSCs are considered derived from normal stem cells affected by the tumor microenvironment although the mechanism of development is not clear yet. In 2007, Yamanaka's group succeeded in generating Nanog mouse induced pluripotent stem (miPS) cells, in which green fluorescent protein (GFP) has been inserted into the 5'-untranslated region of the Nanog gene. Usually, iPS cells, just like embryonic stem cells, are considered to be induced into progenitor cells, which differentiate into various normal phenotypes depending on the normal niche. We hypothesized that CSCs could be derived from Nanog miPS cells in the conditioned culture medium of cancer cell lines, which is a mimic of carcinoma microenvironment. As a result, the Nanog miPS cells treated with the conditioned medium of mouse Lewis lung carcinoma acquired characteristics of CSCs, in that they formed spheroids expressing GFP in suspension culture, and had a high tumorigenicity in Balb/c nude mice exhibiting angiogenesis in vivo. In addition, these iPS-derived CSCs had a capacity of self-renewal and expressed the marker genes, Nanog, Rex1, Eras, Esg1 and Cripto, associated with stem cell properties and an undifferentiated state. Thus we concluded that a model of CSCs was originally developed from miPS cells and proposed the conditioned culture medium of cancer cell lines might perform as niche for producing CSCs. The model of CSCs and the procedure of their establishment will help study the genetic alterations and the secreted factors in the tumor microenvironment which convert miPS cells to CSCs. Furthermore, the identification of potentially bona fide markers of CSCs, which will help the development of novel anti-cancer therapies, might be possible though the CSC model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chen
- Department of Medical and Bioengineering Science, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Tomonari Kasai
- Department of Medical and Bioengineering Science, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yueguang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin 4th Centre Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuh Sugii
- Department of Medical and Bioengineering Science, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Guoliang Jin
- Department of Medical and Bioengineering Science, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masashi Okada
- Department of Medical and Bioengineering Science, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Arun Vaidyanath
- Department of Medical and Bioengineering Science, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Akifumi Mizutani
- Department of Medical and Bioengineering Science, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ayano Satoh
- Multidisciplinary Division, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kudoh
- Department of Medical and Bioengineering Science, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Mary J. C. Hendrix
- Children's Memorial Research Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - David S. Salomon
- Laboratory of Mammary Biology and Tumorigenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Li Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Research, Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (MS); (LF)
| | - Masaharu Seno
- Department of Medical and Bioengineering Science, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
- * E-mail: (MS); (LF)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mahmoudifar N, Doran PM. Chondrogenesis and cartilage tissue engineering: the longer road to technology development. Trends Biotechnol 2011; 30:166-76. [PMID: 22071143 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2011.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Revised: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Joint injury and disease are painful and debilitating conditions affecting a substantial proportion of the population. The idea that damaged cartilage in articulating joints might be replaced seamlessly with tissue-engineered cartilage is of obvious commercial interest because the market for such treatments is large. Recently, a wealth of new information about the complex biology of chondrogenesis and cartilage has emerged from stem cell research, including increasing evidence of the role of physical stimuli in directing differentiation. The challenge for the next generation of tissue engineers is to identify the key elements in this new body of knowledge that can be applied to overcome current limitations affecting cartilage synthesis in vitro. Here we review the status of cartilage tissue engineering and examine the contribution of stem cell research to technology development for cartilage production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nastaran Mahmoudifar
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Over the past 20 years, stem cell technologies have become an increasingly attractive option to investigate and treat neurodegenerative diseases. In the current review, we discuss the process of extending basic stem cell research into translational therapies for patients suffering from neurodegenerative diseases. We begin with a discussion of the burden of these diseases on society, emphasizing the need for increased attention toward advancing stem cell therapies. We then explain the various types of stem cells utilized in neurodegenerative disease research, and outline important issues to consider in the transition of stem cell therapy from bench to bedside. Finally, we detail the current progress regarding the applications of stem cell therapies to specific neurodegenerative diseases, focusing on Parkinson disease, Huntington disease, Alzheimer disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and spinal muscular atrophy. With a greater understanding of the capacity of stem cell technologies, there is growing public hope that stem cell therapies will continue to progress into realistic and efficacious treatments for neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Simon Lunn
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, are characterized by idiopathic neuron loss in different regions of the central nervous system, which contributes to the relevant dysfunctions in the patients. The application of cell replacement therapy using human embryonic stem (hES) cells, though having attracted much attention, has been hampered by the intrinsic ethical problems. It has been demonstrated that adult somatic cells can be reprogrammed into the embryonic state, called induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. It is soon realized that iPS cells may be an alternative source for cell replacement therapy, because it raises no ethical problems and using patient-specific iPS cells for autologous transplantation will not lead to immunological rejection. What's more, certain types of neurons derived from patient-specific iPS cells may display disease-relevant phenotypes. Thus, patient-specific iPS cells can provide a unique opportunity to directly investigate the pathological properties of relevant neural cells in individual patient, and to study the vulnerability of neural cells to pathogenic factors in vitro, which may help reveal the pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, the recent development in cellular treatment of neurodegenerative diseases using iPS cells was summarized, and the potential value of iPS cells in the modeling of neurodegenerative disease was discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zacharias DG, Nelson TJ, Mueller PS, Hook CC. The science and ethics of induced pluripotency: what will become of embryonic stem cells? Mayo Clin Proc 2011; 86:634-40. [PMID: 21719620 PMCID: PMC3127559 DOI: 10.4065/mcp.2011.0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
For over a decade, the field of stem cell research has advanced tremendously and gained new attention in light of novel insights and emerging developments for regenerative medicine. Invariably, multiple considerations come into play, and clinicians and researchers must weigh the benefits of certain stem cell platforms against the costs they incur. Notably, human embryonic stem (hES) cell research has been a source of continued debate, leading to differing policies and regulations worldwide. This article briefly reviews current stem cell platforms, looking specifically at the two existing pluripotent lines available for potential therapeutic applications: hES cells and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. We submit iPS technology as a viable and possibly superior alternative for future medical and research endeavors as it obviates many ethical and resource-related concerns posed by hES cells while prospectively matching their potential for scientific use. However, while the clinical realities of iPS cells appear promising, we must recognize the current limitations of this technology, avoid hype, and articulate ethically acceptable medical and scientific goals.
Collapse
|
19
|
Li GR, Deng XL. Functional ion channels in stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2011; 3:19-24. [PMID: 21607133 PMCID: PMC3097936 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v3.i3.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2010] [Revised: 01/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioelectrical signals generated by ion channels play crucial roles in excitation genesis and impulse conduction in excitable cells as well as in cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis in proliferative cells. Recent studies have demonstrated that multiple ion channels are heterogeneously present in different stem cells; however, patterns and phenotypes of ion channels are species- and/or origin-dependent. This editorial review focuses on the recent findings related to the expression of functional ion channels and the roles of these channels in regulation of cell proliferation in stem cells. Additional effort is required in the future to clarify the ion channel expression in different types of stem cells; special attention should be paid to the relationship between ion channels and stem cell proliferation, migration and differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Rong Li
- Gui-Rong Li, Departments of Medicine and Physiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | | |
Collapse
|