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Mao X, Li Y, Liu S, He C, Yi S, Kuang D, Xiao M, Zhu L, Wang C. Multicolor flow cytometric assessment of Ki67 expression and its diagnostic value in mature B-cell neoplasms. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1108837. [PMID: 36890821 PMCID: PMC9986934 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1108837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is no unified standard data about the sensitivity and specificity regarding flow cytometry analysis of Ki67 expression during lymphoma diagnoses. Objective This evaluated the efficacy of multicolor flow cytometry (MFC) in an estimate of the proliferative activity of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma by comparing the expression of Ki67 using MFC and immunohistochemicals (IHC). Method A total of 559 patients with non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma were immunophenotyped using sensitive MFC, of which 517 were newly diagnosed and 42 were transformed lymphomas. Test samples include peripheral blood, bone marrow, various body fluids, and tissues. Through MFC multi-marker accurate gating, abnormal mature B lymphocytes with restricted expression of the light chain were screened. Ki67 was added to determine the proliferation index; the positive rate of Ki67 in tumor B cells was evaluated by cell grouping and internal control. For tissue specimens, MFC and IHC analyses were performed simultaneously to assess the Ki67 proliferation index. Results The positive rate of Ki67 by MFC was correlated with the subtype and aggressiveness of B-cell lymphoma. Ki67 could distinguish indolent lymphomas from aggressive subtypes with a cut-off value of 21.25%, and differentiate transformation from indolent lymphoma with a cut-off value of 7.65%. The expression of Ki67 by MFC (regardless of the type of samples)was highly agreement with the Ki67 proliferative index of tissue samples assessed by pathologic immunohistochemistry. MFC showed a fairly constant negative bias in evaluating tissue or bone marrow samples, compared with IHC. Conclusions Ki67 is a valuable flow marker that can distinguish between indolent and aggressive types of lymphoma and assess whether indolent lymphomas are transformed. Using MFC to evaluate the positive rate of Ki67 is important in clinical settings. MFC has unique advantages in judging the aggressiveness of lymphoma in samples of bone marrow, peripheral blood, pleural and ascites, and cerebrospinal fluid. This is particularly important when tissue samples cannot be obtained, making it an important supplement for pathologic examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Mao
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Hematology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Songya Liu
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng He
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shujuan Yi
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dong Kuang
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Xiao
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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de Lima MAP, Cavalcante RB, da Silva CGL, Nogueira RLM, Macedo GEC, de Galiza LE, Pinheiro JV, Maia Filho PHB, Santos SF, Rabenhorst SHB. Evaluation of HPV and EBV in OSCC and the expression of p53, p16, E-cadherin, COX-2, MYC, and MLH1. Oral Dis 2021; 28:1104-1122. [PMID: 33660890 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and the expression of p53, p16, E-cadherin, COX-2, MLH1, and MYC in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred OSCC specimens were submitted to in situ hybridization for HPV and EBV, and immunohistochemistry for detection of the human proteins. RESULTS Thirty-one cases showed HPV in tumor tissue. EBV was not detected in any case investigated. The HPV(+) group demonstrated an increase of staining scores for nuclear p16 (p = .047), cytoplasmic MYC (p = .002), while a decrease for nuclear MLH1 (p = .048), suggesting that HPV may upregulate the expression of the first two proteins and down-regulate the latter. CONCLUSION Our findings reinforce the hypothesis of the HPV-related oral carcinogenesis involving the expression of p16 and MYC, and MLH1 suppression. Exclusively cytoplasmic stainings for p16, MLH1, and MYC were also associated with more advanced tumors. Finally, in view of the lack of studies correlating the HPV or EBV infection to the expression of oncoproteins, more researches assessing a broader panel of markers and employing different approaches are still necessary in order to understand the role of these viruses as well as the molecular mechanisms involved in the development and progression of oral carcinomas.
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Qaiser F, Trembley JH, Sadiq S, Muhammad I, Younis R, Hashmi SN, Murtaza B, Rector TS, Naveed AK, Ahmed K. Examination of CK2α and NF-κB p65 expression in human benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer tissues. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 420:43-51. [PMID: 27435858 PMCID: PMC6668611 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2765-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinase CK2 plays a critical role in cell growth, proliferation, and suppression of cell death. CK2 is overexpressed, especially in the nuclear compartment, in the majority of cancers, including prostate cancer (PCa). CK2-mediated activation of transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 is a key step in cellular proliferation, resulting in translocation of NF-κB p65 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. As CK2 expression and activity are also elevated in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), we sought to increase the knowledge of CK2 function in benign and malignant prostate by examination of the relationships between nuclear CK2 and nuclear NF-κB p65 protein expression. The expression level and localization of CK2α and NF-κB p65 proteins in PCa and BPH tissue specimens was determined. Nuclear CK2α and NF-κB p65 protein levels are significantly higher in PCa compared with BPH, and these proteins are positively correlated with each other in both diseases. Nuclear NF-κB p65 levels correlated with Ki-67 or with cytoplasmic NF-κB p65 expression in BPH, but not in PCa. The findings provide information that combined analysis of CK2α and NF-κB p65 expression in prostate specimens relates to the disease status. Increased nuclear NF-κB p65 expression levels in PCa specifically related to nuclear CK2α levels, indicating a possible CK2-dependent relationship in malignancy. In contrast, nuclear NF-κB p65 protein levels related to both Ki-67 and cytoplasmic NF-κB p65 levels exclusively in BPH, suggesting a potential separate impact for NF-κB p65 function in proliferation for benign disease as opposed to malignant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Qaiser
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Army Medical College, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Janeen H Trembley
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Cellular and Molecular Biochemistry Research Laboratory (151) Research Service, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, One Veterans Drive, Minneapolis, MN, 55417, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sarah Sadiq
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Army Medical College, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Iqbal Muhammad
- Department of Histopathology, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Rubina Younis
- Department of Histopathology, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Shoaib Naiyar Hashmi
- Department of Histopathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Badar Murtaza
- Armed Forces Institute of Urology, Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Thomas S Rector
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Cellular and Molecular Biochemistry Research Laboratory (151) Research Service, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, One Veterans Drive, Minneapolis, MN, 55417, USA
| | - Abdul Khaliq Naveed
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Army Medical College, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Al-Mizan Campus, Riphah International University, 274 Peshawar Road, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Khalil Ahmed
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Cellular and Molecular Biochemistry Research Laboratory (151) Research Service, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, One Veterans Drive, Minneapolis, MN, 55417, USA.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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Quantifying the ki-67 heterogeneity profile in prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer 2013; 2013:717080. [PMID: 24222860 PMCID: PMC3816071 DOI: 10.1155/2013/717080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ki-67 is a robust predictive/prognostic marker in prostate cancer; however, tumor heterogeneity in prostate biopsy samples is not well studied. Methods: Using an MRI/US fusion device, biopsy cores were obtained systematically and by targeting when indicated by MRI. Prostate cores containing cancer from 77 consecutive men were analyzed. The highest Ki-67 was used to determine interprostatic variation. Ki-67 range (highest minus lowest) was used to determine intraprostatic and intralesion variation. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were evaluated in relation to Ki-67. Results: Interprostatic Ki-67 mean ± standard deviation (SD) values for NCCN low (L), intermediate (I), and high (H) risk patients were 5.1 ± 3.8%, 7.4 ± 6.8%, and 12.0 ± 12.4% (ANOVA P = 0.013). Intraprostatic mean ± SD Ki-67 ranges in L, I, and H risk patients were 2.6 ± 3.6%, 5.3 ± 6.8%, and 10.9 ± 12.3% (ANOVA P = 0.027). Intralesion mean ± SD Ki-67 ranges in L, I, and H risk patients were 1.1 ± 0.9%, 5.2 ± 7.9%, and 8.1 ± 10.8% (ANOVA P = 0.22). ADC values at Ki-67 > and <7.1% were 860 ± 203 and 1036 ± 217, respectively (P = 0.0029). Conclusions: High risk patients have significantly higher inter- and intraprostatic Ki-67 heterogeneity. This needs to be considered when utilizing Ki-67 clinically.
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Nogueira RLM, Faria MHG, Osterne RLV, Cavalcante RB, Ribeiro RA, Nonaka CFW, Rabenhorst SHB. Central giant cell lesion of the jaws: study of CCND1 gene amplification and p16INK4a protein levels. J Mol Histol 2013; 44:527-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s10735-013-9494-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Nogueira R, Faria M, Osterne R, Cavalcante R, Ribeiro R, Rabenhorst S. Glucocorticoid and calcitonin receptor expression in central giant cell lesions: implications for therapy. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2012; 41:994-1000. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2012.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Revised: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Alves MKS, Ferrasi AC, Lima VP, Ferreira MVP, de Moura Campos Pardini MI, Rabenhorst SHB. Inactivation of COX-2, HMLH1 and CDKN2A gene by promoter methylation in gastric cancer: relationship with histological subtype, tumor location and Helicobacter pylori genotype. Pathobiology 2011; 78:266-76. [PMID: 21849808 DOI: 10.1159/000329475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate the inactivation of COX-2, HMLH1 and CDKN2A by promoter methylation and its relationship with the infection by different Helicobacter pylori strains in gastric cancer. METHODS DNA extracted from 76 H. pylori-positive gastric tumor samples was available for promoter methylation identification by methylation-specific PCR and H. pylori subtyping by PCR. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine COX-2, p16(INK4A) and HMLH1 expression. RESULTS A strong negative correlation was found between the expression of these markers and the presence of promoter methylation in their genes. Among cardia tumors, negativity of p16(INK4A) was a significant finding. On the other hand, in noncardia tumors, the histological subtypes had different gene expression patterns. In the intestinal subtype, a significant finding was HMLH1 inactivation by methylation, while in the diffuse subtype, CDKN2A inactivation by methylation was the significant finding. Tumors with methylated COX-2 and HMLH1 genes were associated with H. pylori vacA s1 (p = 0.025 and 0.047, respectively), and the nonmethylated tumors were associated with the presence of the gene flaA. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that the inactivation of these genes by methylation occurs by distinct pathways according to the histological subtype and tumor location and depends on the H. pylori genotype.
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Sizarov A, Ya J, de Boer BA, Lamers WH, Christoffels VM, Moorman AFM. Formation of the building plan of the human heart: morphogenesis, growth, and differentiation. Circulation 2011; 123:1125-35. [PMID: 21403123 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.110.980607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksander Sizarov
- Heart Failure Research Center, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Alves MKS, Lima VP, Ferrasi AC, Rodrigues MA, De Moura Campos Pardini MI, Rabenhorst SHB. CDKN2A promoter methylation is related to the tumor location and histological subtype and associated with Helicobacter pylori flaA(+) strains in gastric adenocarcinomas. APMIS 2010; 118:297-307. [PMID: 20402675 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2010.02591.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Promoter hypermethylation of CDKN2A (p16INK4A protein) is the main mechanism of gene inactivation. However, its association with Helicobacter pylori infection is a controversial issue. Therefore, we examined a series of gastric adenocarcinomas to assess the association between p16INK4A inactivation and H. pylori genotype (vacA, cagA, cagE, virB11 and flaA) according to the location and histological subtype of the tumors. p16INK4A expression and CDKN2A promoter methylation were found in 77 gastric adenocarcinoma samples by immunohistochemistry and methylation-specific PCR, respectively. Helicobacter pylori infection and genotype were determined by PCR. A strong negative correlation between immunostaining and CDKN2A promoter region methylation was found. In diffuse subtype tumors, the inactivation of p16INK4A by promoter methylation was unique in noncardia tumors (p=0.022). In addition, H. pylori-bearing flaA was associated with non-methylation tumors (p=0.008) and H. pylori strain bearing cagA or vacAs1m1 genes but without flaA was associated with methylated tumors (p=0.022 and 0.003, respectively). Inactivation of p16INK4A in intestinal and diffuse subtypes showed distinct carcinogenic pathways, depending on the tumor location. Moreover, the process of methylation of the CDKN2A promoter seems to depend on the H. pylori genotype. The present data suggest that there is a differential influence and relevance of H. pylori genotype in gastric cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markênia Kélia Santos Alves
- Microbiology Section, Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Porangabussu Campus, Ceará, Brazil.
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Alves MKS, Lima VP, André AR, Ferreira MVP, Barros MAP, Rabenhorst SHB. p27KIP1 expression in gastric cancer: differential pathways in the histological subtypes associated with Helicobacter pylori infection. Scand J Gastroenterol 2010; 45:409-20. [PMID: 20059402 DOI: 10.3109/00365520903521566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Decreases in p27(KIP1) and C-MYC expression have been associated with Helicobacter pylori infection. Furthermore, C-MYC seems to be a transcriptional repressor of p27(KIP1). Therefore, in a series of gastric adenocarcinomas we studied the association of p27(KIP1) expression with H. pylori genotype (vacA, cagA, cagE and virB11) and the involvement of C-MYC in this process. MATERIAL AND METHODS Expression of p27(KIP1) and C-MYC was determined by immunohistochemistry in 84 gastric adenocarcinoma samples and H. pylori infection and genotype were determined by polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Most p27(KIP1)-negative cases (94.0%) were H. pylori-positive and 44.8% were C-MYC-positive. In the diffuse gastric cancer subtype, p27-negative-C-MYC-positive was the most frequent combination (cluster II), and was associated with the more pathogenic H. pylori strains. Although an association with p27(KIP1) and H. pylori strain was found in the intestinal gastric cancer subtype, negativity for p27(KIP1) and C-MYC markers was the most frequent cluster, followed by cluster II, and both were present, independent of the H. pylori genotype. CONCLUSIONS Reduced expression of p27(KIP1) was closely linked to H. pylori infection, and was dependent on the more pathogenic strains. Moreover, intestinal and diffuse subtypes showed distinct carcinogenic pathways influenced by H. pylori strains. These data add insight to the differential influence and relevance of H. pylori genotype in gastric cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markênia Kélia Santos Alves
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Section of Microbiology, Federal University in Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.
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Faria MHG, Patrocínio RMDSVD, Moraes Filho MOD, Rabenhorst SHB. Immunoexpression of tumor suppressor genes p53, p21 WAF1/CIP1 and p27 KIP1 in humam astrocystic tumors. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2008; 65:1114-22. [PMID: 18345413 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-282x2007000700004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2007] [Accepted: 10/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the tumor suppressor genes p53, p21 WAF1/CIP1 and p27 KIP1 expression in astrocytic tumors, correlating the findings with the histopathological grade (WHO). An immunohistochemical study of the p53, p21 and p27 proteins using the streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase method was performed in fifty-five astrocytomas (13 grade I, 14 grade II, 7 grade III and 21 grade IV) and five samples of non-tumor brain tissue (negative control). p53 positive indices (PI) and labeling indices (LI) showed tendency to increase according to malignant progression. The nuclear expression of p27 presented similar inclination, except for the PI reduction verified in grade IV tumors. Otherwise, the cytoplasmic p27 staining was more evident between high-grade tumors (III and IV). p53 and nuclear p27 expression was correlated with the histological classification (p<0.01; test H). On the other hand, p21 indices revealed a propensity to reduction in agreement with malignant evolution of the astrocytic tumors, except for high scores observed in grade IV tumors. The non-tumor samples did not show any expression of these proteins. These results indicated the p53 mutation as an initial, relevant and potentially predictor of tumor progression event in astrocytomas, with the detection of p21 protein as an important resource for the deduction of functional situation of this gene. Moreover, the activation of p27 KIP1 was preserved in the astrocytic tumors and its cytoplasmic manifestation seems to be resultant of its nuclear expression, not demonstrating a direct impact in astrocytomas tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mário Henrique Girão Faria
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Molecular Genetics Laboratory, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza CE, Brazil.
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Relationship Between EBV Infection and Expression of Cellular Proteins c-Myc, Bcl-2, and Bax in Gastric Carcinomas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 17:82-9. [DOI: 10.1097/pdm.0b013e31814e5d8f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Gangenahalli GU, Singh VK, Verma YK, Gupta P, Sharma RK, Chandra R, Luthra PM. Hematopoietic stem cell antigen CD34: role in adhesion or homing. Stem Cells Dev 2006; 15:305-13. [PMID: 16846369 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2006.15.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CD34 is highly glycosylated surface antigen of enormous clinical utility in the identification, enumeration, and purification of engraftable lymphohematopoietic progenitors for transplantation. However, recently its importance in the specific marking of most immature hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells have been questioned by addressing long-term reconstitution capability of CD34(-) hematopoietic cellular fractions. These controversies have stimulated a demand for elucidation of the structure, function, and molecular interactions of CD34 to define exactly its biological significance in clinical regimens. There is accumulating data showing the participation of CD34 in adhesion or perhaps homing of lymphohematopoietic progenitors. On the other hand, CD34 has been demonstrated to down-regulate cytokine-induced differentiation and proliferation of CD34(+) cells. Studies in CD34 knockout mice revealed normal hematopoiesis but a profound delay in hematopoietic reconstitution after sublethal irradiation of the mice. In short, CD34 expression is likely to represent a specific state of hematopoietic development that may have altered adhering properties with expanding and differentiating capabilities in both in vitro and in vivo conditions. This article focuses on the adhesive properties of CD34 and its potential role in homing, which are likely to mimic lymphocyte homing to the inflammatory sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurudutta U Gangenahalli
- Stem-Cell Gene Therapy Research Group, Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, Delhi, India.
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Paik KH, Park YH, Ryoo BY, Yang SH, Lee JC, Kim CH, Ki SS, Kim JM, Park MJ, Ahn HJ, Choi W, Chung JH. Prognostic value of immunohistochemical staining of p53, bcl-2, and Ki-67 in small cell lung cancer. J Korean Med Sci 2006; 21:35-9. [PMID: 16479062 PMCID: PMC2733975 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2006.21.1.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is one of the most fatal cancers in humans and many factors are known to be related to its poor prognosis. Immunohistochemical (IHC) stainings were done on SCLC specimens in order to investigate the prognostic value of the apoptosis-related gene expression and the tumor proliferative maker, and the relationships among these IHC results and patients clinical characteristics, chemoresponsiveness, and survival were analyzed. The medical records of 107 patients were reviewed retrospectively. IHC stainings for p53, bcl-2 and Ki-67 expressions were performed in the 66 paraffin-embedded biopsy samples. Sixty-six out of the 107 patients were evaluable for response rate and survival. The overall response rate was 75% (95% Confidence Interval=74-76%) and the median survival time was 14 months. The median survival time of limited stage was 16 months and that of extensive stage was 10 months. The prevalence of p53, bcl-2 and Ki-67 expression was 62%, 70%, and 49%, respectively. There were no correlations among the immunoreactivities of p53, bcl-2 and Ki-67 with clinical stage, chemoresponsiveness or overall survival. The clinical stage was the only prognostic factor influencing survival. The expression rates of p53, bcl-2, and Ki-67 were relatively high in SCLC without any prognostic significance. The exact clinical role of these markers should be defined through further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Hyun Paik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeon Hee Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Baek-Yeol Ryoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Hyun Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Cheol Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheol Hyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Seog Ki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Min Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung Joon Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Heui June Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Haeng Chung
- Department of Pathology, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
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Ishii HH, Gobe GC, Yoneyama J, Mukaide M, Ebihara Y. Role of p53, apoptosis, and cell proliferation in early stage Epstein-Barr virus positive and negative gastric carcinomas. J Clin Pathol 2005; 57:1306-11. [PMID: 15563673 PMCID: PMC1770511 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.2003.015081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Mechanisms of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) associated gastric tumour development are incompletely understood. The interrelations between EBV infection, apoptosis, cell proliferation, and the expression of the tumour suppressor gene p53 was investigated in 133 early stage gastric carcinomas. METHODS Tumour tissue was compared with paired non-tumour tissue. EBV encoded small RNAs (EBERs) determined EBV status. The apoptotic index (AI) was determined by morphology and verified biochemically. p53 and Ki-67 expression (cell proliferation) was assessed using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS EBV was detected in 14.3% of the cases. Cell proliferation did not differ significantly between EBV positive and negative cancers. However, within both these groups, the p53 positive and negative subsets differed significantly (EBV positive group: 76.8% and 55.3% were p53 positive or negative cancers, respectively; p<0.05; EBV negative group: 65.2% and 51.7% were p53 positive or negative, respectively; p<0.005). The numbers of p53 expressing EBV positive and negative cases were significantly different (57.9% and 82.5%, respectively; p<0.05). Compared with cell proliferation, apoptosis was significantly lower in EBV positive versus negative cancers (AI of 4.36 and 6.50, respectively; p<0.01). The p53 positive and negative subsets also differed significantly in AI (EBV positive group: AI of 5.13 and 3.30 for p53 positive and negative cancers, respectively; p<0.05: EBV negative group: AI of 6.84 and 4.90 for p53 positive and negative cancers, respectively; p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS These factors probably combine to promote development and progression of early stage gastric carcinomas and, at the same time, ensure the survival of EBV itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Ishii
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan.
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Harney J, Shah N, Short S, Daley F, Groom N, Wilson GD, Joiner MC, Saunders MI. The evaluation of low dose hyper-radiosensitivity in normal human skin. Radiother Oncol 2004; 70:319-29. [PMID: 15064019 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2004.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2003] [Revised: 12/03/2003] [Accepted: 01/13/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The laboratory phenomenon of low dose hyper-radiosensitivity (LDHRS) describes an excess of cell kill at doses below 1Gy relative to that predicted by the linear quadratic model. These data have stimulated clinical investigation into LDHRS in vivo. PATIENTS AND METHODS Skin was used as a model of normal human tissue. Two studies were initiated investigating the response to low doses of radiation. Study 1 compared once daily skin doses of approximately 0.5 and >1.0Gy in 24 patients receiving pelvic radiotherapy. Skin biopsies before and during radiotherapy were analysed histologically to assess the basal cell density (BCD). Study 2 compared two regimens of equal dose/time intensity--an ultrafractionated regimen (0.5Gy TDS x 12 days) with a conventional regimen (1.5Gy OD x 12 days). Skin biopsies taken during treatment assessed BCD and proliferative index. In both studies the changes in BCD were compared using non-linear regression analysis. RESULTS Study 1. The results show a significantly greater reduction in BCD in the low dose group when BCD is plotted against dose. This effect is lost when BCD is plotted against time Study 2. The results demonstrate a significantly greater reduction in BCD in the higher dose/fraction arm. The proliferative response was similar in both treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that LDHRS does not occur in skin following doses of approximately 0.5Gy/fraction when regimens of equal dose/time intensity are compared. As only small volumes of normal tissue were irradiated it is difficult to predict the biological relevance of this with respect to larger field low dose per fraction irradiation regimens or risk of cancer induction. Equally we cannot extrapolate to effects resulting from exposure to doses <0.5Gy or to the effects of low doses on other endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackie Harney
- Marie Curie Research Wing, Mount Vernon Hospital, Rickmansworth Road, Northwood, Middlesex HA6 2RN, UK
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Cheutin T, O'Donohue MF, Beorchia A, Klein C, Kaplan H, Ploton D. Three-dimensional organization of pKi-67: a comparative fluorescence and electron tomography study using FluoroNanogold. J Histochem Cytochem 2003; 51:1411-23. [PMID: 14566014 PMCID: PMC3957551 DOI: 10.1177/002215540305101102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The monoclonal antibody (MAb) Ki-67 is routinely used in clinical studies to estimate the growth fraction of tumors. However, the role of pKi-67, the protein detected by the Ki-67 MAb, remains elusive, although some biochemical data strongly suggest that it might organize chromatin. To better understand the functional organization of pKi-67, we studied its three-dimensional distribution in interphase cells by confocal microscopy and electron tomography. FluoroNanogold, a single probe combining a dense marker with a fluorescent dye, was used to investigate pKi-67 organization at the optical and ultrastructural levels. Observation by confocal microscopy followed by 3D reconstruction showed that pKi-67 forms a shell around the nucleoli. Double labeling experiments revealed that pKi-67 co-localizes with perinucleolar heterochromatin. Electron microscopy studies confirmed this close association and demonstrated that pKi-67 is located neither in the fibrillar nor in the granular components of the nucleolus. Finally, spatial analyses by electron tomography showed that pKi-67 forms cords 250-300 nm in diameter, which are themselves composed of 30-50-nm-thick fibers. These detailed comparative in situ analyses strongly suggest the involvement of pKi-67 in the higher-order organization of perinucleolar chromatin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Christophe Klein
- Reims, France; Service Commun d'Imagerie Cellulaire et de Cytométrie, INSERM IFR58, Institut Biomédical des Cordeliers, Paris, France (CK)
| | | | - Dominique Ploton
- Unité MéDian, CNRS UMR 6142, UFR de Pharmacie (TC,M-FO,DP)
- Correspondence to: Dominique Ploton, Unité MéDian, CNRS UMR 6142, UFR de Pharmacie, 51 rue Cognacq-Jay, 51096 Reims Cedex, France. E-mail:
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Erman A, Vidmar G, Jezernik K. Temporal and spatial dimensions of postnatal growth of the mouse urinary bladder urothelium. Histochem Cell Biol 2003; 121:63-71. [PMID: 14663588 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-003-0600-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Postnatal growth and renewal of mouse urothelium start on the day of birth. In the present study, temporal and spatial dimensions of urothelial growth were studied during the first two postnatal weeks. Quantitative analysis showed that the rate of urothelial cell proliferation is significantly higher during all 14 postnatal days than in adult mice. Three peaks of proliferative and mitotic activity were revealed: on the day of birth and postnatal day 1, on days 6 and 7, and on day 14. The high proliferation rate around the day of birth and at postnatal days 6 and 7 coincides with cell death in the urothelium. Semiquantitative analysis showed that during all 14 postnatal days, the urothelial proliferative response is mostly confined to the basal cell layer. Urothelial cells divide predominantly in parallel to the plain of the urothelium on all chosen postnatal days. Increased portions of urothelial cells, dividing perpendicularly to the urothelium were observed only on the day of birth and on postnatal day 7. Our results suggest that postnatal growth of mouse urothelium is particularly the result of an increasing number of cells in individual cell layers and not the result of an increasing number of cell layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreja Erman
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Lipiceva 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Dao MA, Arevalo J, Nolta JA. Reversibility of CD34 expression on human hematopoietic stem cells that retain the capacity for secondary reconstitution. Blood 2003; 101:112-8. [PMID: 12393633 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2002-01-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell surface protein CD34 is frequently used as a marker for positive selection of human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells in research and in transplantation. However, populations of reconstituting human and murine stem cells that lack cell surface CD34 protein have been identified. In the current studies, we demonstrate that CD34 expression is reversible on human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. We identified and functionally characterized a population of human CD45(+)/CD34(-) cells that was recovered from the bone marrow of immunodeficient beige/nude/xid (bnx) mice 8 to 12 months after transplantation of highly purified human bone marrow-derived CD34(+)/CD38(-) stem/progenitor cells. The human CD45(+) cells were devoid of CD34 protein and mRNA when isolated from the mice. However, significantly higher numbers of human colony-forming units and long-term culture-initiating cells per engrafted human CD45(+) cell were recovered from the marrow of bnx mice than from the marrow of human stem cell-engrafted nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient mice, where 24% of the human graft maintained CD34 expression. In addition to their capacity for extensive in vitro generative capacity, the human CD45(+)/CD34(-) cells recovered from the bnx bone marrow were determined to have secondary reconstitution capacity and to produce CD34(+) progeny following retransplantation. These studies demonstrate that the human CD34(+) population can act as a reservoir for generation of CD34(-) cells. In the current studies we demonstrate that human CD34(+)/CD38(-) cells can generate CD45(+)/CD34(-) progeny in a long-term xenograft model and that those CD45(+)/CD34(-) cells can regenerate CD34(+) progeny following secondary transplantation. Therefore, expression of CD34 can be reversible on reconstituting human hematopoietic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo A Dao
- Division of Research Immunology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Ishii HH, Gobé GC, Pan W, Yoneyama J, Ebihara Y. Apoptosis and cell proliferation in the development of gastric carcinomas: associations with c-myc and p53 protein expression. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2002; 17:966-72. [PMID: 12167117 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1746.2002.02805.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Patients with gastric carcinomas have a poor prognosis and low survival rates. The aim of the present paper was to characterize cellular and molecular properties to provide insight into aspects of tumor progression in early compared with advanced gastric cancers. METHODS One hundred and nine graded gastric carcinomas (early or advanced stage, undifferentiated or differentiated type) with paired non-cancer tissue were studied to define the correlation between apoptosis (morphology, terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-digoxigenin nick end-labeling), cell proliferation (Ki-67 expression, morphology) and expression and localization of two proteins frequently having altered expression in cancers, namely p53 and c-myc. RESULTS Overall, apoptosis was lower in early stage, differentiated and undifferentiated gastric carcinomas compared with advanced-stage cancers. Cell proliferation was comparatively high in all stages. There was a high level of p53 positivity in all stages. Only the early- and advanced-stage undifferentiated cancers that were p53 positive had a significantly higher level of apoptosis (P < 0.05). Cell proliferation was significantly greater (P < 0.05) only in the early undifferentiated cancers that had either c-myc or p53-positivity. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that low apoptosis and high cell proliferation combine to drive gastric cancer development. The molecular controls for high cell proliferation of the early stage undifferentiated gastric cancers involve overexpression of both p53 and c-myc. Overexpression of p53 may also control cancer development in that its expression is associated with higher levels of apoptosis in early and late-stage undifferentiated, cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki H Ishii
- Second Department of Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Larsen
- Finsen Laboratory, Finsen Center, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark
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Hastings RH, Berg JT, Summers-Torres D, Burton DW, Deftos LJ. Parathyroid hormone-related protein reduces alveolar epithelial cell proliferation during lung injury in rats. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2000; 279:L194-200. [PMID: 10893218 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.2000.279.1.l194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) is a growth inhibitor for alveolar type II cells and could be a regulatory factor for alveolar epithelial cell proliferation after lung injury. We investigated lung PTHrP expression in rats exposed to 85% oxygen. Lung levels of PTHrP were significantly decreased between 4 and 8 days of hyperoxia, concurrent with increased expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and increased incorporation of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) into DNA in lung corner cells. PTHrP receptor was present in both normal and hyperoxic lung. To test whether the fall in PTHrP was related to cell proliferation, we instilled PTHrP into lungs on the fourth day of hyperoxia. Eight hours later, BrdU labeling in alveolar corner cells was 3.2 +/- 0.4 cells/high-power field in hyperoxic PBS-instilled rats compared with 0.5 +/- 0.3 cells/high-power field in PTHrP-instilled rats (P < 0. 01). Thus PTHrP expression changes in response to lung injury due to 85% oxygen and may regulate cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R H Hastings
- Research, Medicine, and Anesthesiology Services, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego 92161-5085, USA.
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Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that expression of CD34 on the cell membrane does not always correlate with stem cell activity. In the mouse, there is a highly quiescent population of stem cells that lacks CD34 expression, but has full reconstituting capacity. The current review addresses the discovery of a similar population of dormant CD34-negative human hematopoietic stem cells. This information casts some uncertainty on the benefits of CD34+ cell isolation for stem cell transplantation, until more is known about the novel CD34-negative stem cell population. Methods designed to achieve removal of specific mature blood cell lineages might prove to be most advantageous in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Dao
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Dept Pediatrics, University of Southern California School of Medicine, 90027, USA
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Báez A, Torres K, Tan EM, Pommier Y, Casiano CA. Expression of proliferation-associated nuclear autoantigens, p330d/CENP-F and PCNA, in differentiation and in drug-induced growth inhibition using two-parameter flow cytometry. Cell Prolif 1996. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.1996.tb00105.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Abstract
The aim of this paper is to provide a strategy for measuring intracellular antigens combined with DNA content in cells or nuclei. A series of protocols are included which enable the majority of such antigens to be labelled and further information is provided for cases in which the standard methods prove to be inadequate. The basic principles of cell permeabilization/fixation are described, thus explaining how methods can be divided into three basic categories: (a) alcohol fixation with or without detergent pretreatment; (b) paraformaldehyde fixation followed by permeabilization with alcohol or detergents; (c) permeabilization of unfixed cells. The preparation of nuclear suspensions from paraffin-embedded material is described and the possibilities and problems of staining such suspensions for nuclear antigens are discussed. Examples of results obtained with the detailed protocols are given for staining with antibodies directed against proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), Ki-67 antigen and Ki-S1 antigen. Details of published studies of a variety of intracellular antigens are given in two tables. The power of multiparametric flow cytometry in the study of cell proliferation, differentiation and response of cells to damage is underlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Camplejohn
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, UMDS, St Thomas Hospital, London, U.K
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