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Perrin S, Protic S, Bretegnier V, Laurendeau I, de Lageneste OD, Panara N, Ruckebusch O, Luka M, Masson C, Maillard T, Coulpier F, Pannier S, Wicart P, Hadj-Rabia S, Radomska KJ, Zarhrate M, Ménager M, Vidaud D, Topilko P, Parfait B, Colnot C. MEK-SHP2 inhibition prevents tibial pseudarthrosis caused by NF1 loss in Schwann cells and skeletal stem/progenitor cells. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eadj1597. [PMID: 38924432 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adj1597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia (CPT) is a severe pathology marked by spontaneous bone fractures that fail to heal, leading to fibrous nonunion. Half of patients with CPT are affected by the multisystemic genetic disorder neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) caused by mutations in the NF1 tumor suppressor gene, a negative regulator of RAS-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Here, we analyzed patients with CPT and Prss56-Nf1 knockout mice to elucidate the pathogenic mechanisms of CPT-related fibrous nonunion and explored a pharmacological approach to treat CPT. We identified NF1-deficient Schwann cells and skeletal stem/progenitor cells (SSPCs) in pathological periosteum as affected cell types driving fibrosis. Whereas NF1-deficient SSPCs adopted a fibrotic fate, NF1-deficient Schwann cells produced critical paracrine factors including transforming growth factor-β and induced fibrotic differentiation of wild-type SSPCs. To counteract the elevated RAS-MAPK signaling in both NF1-deficient Schwann cells and SSPCs, we used MAPK kinase (MEK) and Src homology 2 containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP2) inhibitors. Combined MEK-SHP2 inhibition in vivo prevented fibrous nonunion in the Prss56-Nf1 knockout mouse model, providing a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of fibrous nonunion in CPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Perrin
- Université Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, 94000 Creteil, France
| | - Sanela Protic
- Université Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, 94000 Creteil, France
| | | | - Ingrid Laurendeau
- INSERM UMR S1016, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France
| | | | - Nicolas Panara
- INSERM UMR S1016, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Odile Ruckebusch
- Université Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, Plateforme de Cytométrie en flux, 94000 Creteil, France
| | - Marine Luka
- Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Inflammatory Responses and Transcriptomic Networks in Diseases, Atip-Avenir Team, INSERM UMR 1163, 75015 Paris, France
- Labtech Single-Cell@Imagine, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Cécile Masson
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Institut Imagine-Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM U1163, 75015 Paris, France
- INSERM US24/CNRS UAR3633, Paris Cité University, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Théodora Maillard
- Service de Médecine Génomique des Maladies de Système et d'Organe, Hôpital Cochin, DMU BioPhyGen, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, AP-HP, Centre-Université Paris Cité, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Fanny Coulpier
- Université Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, 94000 Creteil, France
| | - Stéphanie Pannier
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, AP-HP, Paris Cité University, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Wicart
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, AP-HP, Paris Cité University, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Smail Hadj-Rabia
- Department of Dermatology, Reference Center for Rare Skin Diseases (MAGEC), Imagine Institute, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, AP-HP, Paris Cité University, 75015 Paris, France
| | | | - Mohammed Zarhrate
- INSERM US24/CNRS UAR3633, Paris Cité University, 75015 Paris, France
- Genomics Core Facility, Institut Imagine-Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM U1163, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Mickael Ménager
- Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Inflammatory Responses and Transcriptomic Networks in Diseases, Atip-Avenir Team, INSERM UMR 1163, 75015 Paris, France
- Labtech Single-Cell@Imagine, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Dominique Vidaud
- INSERM UMR S1016, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France
- Service de Médecine Génomique des Maladies de Système et d'Organe, Hôpital Cochin, DMU BioPhyGen, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, AP-HP, Centre-Université Paris Cité, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Piotr Topilko
- Université Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, 94000 Creteil, France
| | - Béatrice Parfait
- INSERM UMR S1016, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France
- Service de Médecine Génomique des Maladies de Système et d'Organe, Hôpital Cochin, DMU BioPhyGen, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, AP-HP, Centre-Université Paris Cité, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Céline Colnot
- Université Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, 94000 Creteil, France
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Han L, Wang C, Wang T, Hu Y, Wang H. Total flavonoids of Rhizoma drynariae improves tendon-bone healing for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in mice and promotes the osteogenic differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells by the ERR1/2-Gga1-TGF-β/MAPK pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:106-119. [PMID: 37665165 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Total flavonoids of Rhizoma drynariae (TFRD) is broadly used in the treatment of orthopedic diseases. Nevertheless, the effects and underlying mechanism of TFRD on tendon-bone healing after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) remain unclear. METHODS The ACLR mouse model was established. Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE) staining was used for histological analysis of tendon-bone healing. Western blot was utilized to detect the levels of osteogenic related factors (ALP, OCN, RUNX2). The viability and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were determined by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and ALP assays. The interaction of estrogen related receptor alpha (ESRRA), estrogen related receptor beta (ESRRB), and golgi-localized γ-ear containing ADP ribosylation factor-binding protein 1 (Gga1) was detected by luciferase reporter assays. The levels of important proteins on the TGF-β/MAPK pathway were measured by western blot. RESULTS TFRD improved tendon-bone healing, restored biomechanics of ACLR mice and activated the TGF-β/MAPK pathway. TFRD treatment also enhanced the viability and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs in vitro. Then, we demonstrated that TFRD targeted ESRRA and ESRRB to transcriptionally activate Gga1 expression. Knockdown of ESRRA, ESRRB, or Gga1 suppressed the viability and osteogenic differentiation of TFRD-induced BMSCs, which was revealed to be restored by Gga1 overexpression. The overexpression of ESRRA, ESRRB, or Gga1 was demonstrated to promote the BMSC viability and osteogenic differentiation. TGF-β1 treatment can reverse the impact of Gga1 inhibition on osteogenic differentiation in TFRD-induced BMSCs. CONCLUSION TFRD improves tendon-bone healing in ACLR mouse models and facilitates the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs through the ERR1/2-Gga1-TGF-β/MAPK pathway, which might deepen our understanding of the underlying mechanism of TFRD in tendon-bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Han
- Department of Orthopaedics Institute, Xiaoshan Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Canfeng Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics Institute, Xiaoshan Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tuo Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics Institute, Xiaoshan Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yungeng Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics Institute, Xiaoshan Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongshun Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics Institute, Xiaoshan Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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Song M, Yao H, Sun Z, Chen D, Xu X, Long G, Wu L, Hu W. METTL3/YTHDC1-medicated m6A modification of circRNA3634 regulates the proliferation and differentiation of antler chondrocytes by miR-124486-5-MAPK1 axis. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2023; 28:101. [PMID: 38062349 PMCID: PMC10702069 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-023-00515-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The deer antler, a remarkable mammalian appendage, has a growth rate surpassing that of any other known osseous organ. Emerging evidence indicates that circRNA and MAPK1 play critical roles in chondrocytes. Thus, exploration of their functions in antler chondrocytes will help us to understand the mechanism regulating the rapid antler growth. METHODS qRT-PCR, western blot, and immunohistochemistry were used to assess the expression of mRNAs and proteins. CCK-8, EdU, Cell migration, ALP activity detection, and ALP staining examined the effects of MAPK1 in antler chondrocytes. FISH, RIP, and luciferase assays were performed to evaluate the interactions among circRNA3634/MAPK1 and miR-124486-5. RIP and RAP assays proved the binding interaction between circRNA3634 and RBPs. Me-RIP was used to determine the m6A methylation modification of circRNA3634. RESULTS This study revealed high MAPK1 expression in antler cartilage tissue. Overexpression of MAPK1 promoted the proliferation, migration, and differentiation of antler chondrocytes and increased the expression of MAPK3, RAF1, MEK1, RUNX2, and SOX9. The silencing of MAPK1 had the opposite effect. CircRNA3634 was found to act as a molecular sponge for miR-124486-5, leading to increased MAPK1 expression and enhanced proliferation and migration of antler chondrocytes through competitive miR-124486-5 binding. We discovered that METTL3 mediates m6A modification near the splicing site of circRNA3634 and is involved in the proliferation and differentiation of antler chondrocytes. The m6A reader YTHDC1 facilitated the nuclear export of circRNA3634 in an m6A-dependent manner. Our results indicate that m6A-modified circRNA3634 promotes the proliferation of antler chondrocytes by targeting MAPK1 and show that the nuclear export of circRNA3634 is related to the expression of YTHDC1, suggesting that circRNA3634 could represent a critical regeneration marker for the antler. CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed a novel m6A-modified circRNA3634 promoted the proliferation and differentiation of antler chondrocytes by regulating MAPK1. The nuclear export of circRNA3634 was related to the expression of YTHDC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Song
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Haibo Yao
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Zitong Sun
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Danyang Chen
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Xiwen Xu
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Guohui Long
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China.
| | - Lei Wu
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China.
| | - Wei Hu
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China.
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Majood M, Selvam A, Agrawal O, Chaurasia R, Rawat S, Mohanty S, Mukherjee M. Biogenic Carbon Quantum Dots as a Neoteric Inducer in the Game of Directing Chondrogenesis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:19997-20011. [PMID: 37042793 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c02007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The journey into the field of stem cell biology has been an endeavor of paramount advancement in biomedicine, establishing new horizons in the avenue of materiobiology. The creative drive of the scientific community focuses on ameliorating the utilization of stem cells, which is currently untapped on a large scale. With similar motivation, we present a nascent strategy of maneuvering biogenic carbon quantum dots (CQDs) to eclipse the toxic hurdles of chemical synthesis of carbon allotropes to serve as a biocompatible trident in stem cell biology employing a three-prong action of stem cell differentiation, imaging, and migration. The derivation of CQDs from garlic peels as a biogenic precursor abets in realizing the optophysical features of CQDs to image mesenchymal stem cells without hampering the biological systems with cytotoxicity. We report the versatility of biogenic CQDs to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) to robustly influence stem cell migration and concomitantly chondrocyte differentiation from human Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells (hWJ-MSCs). This was orchestrated without the use of chondrogenic induction factors, which was confirmed from the expression of chondrogenic markers (Col II, Col X, ACAN). Even the collagen content of cells incubated with CQDs was quite comparable with that of chondrocyte-induced cells. Thus, we empirically propose garlic peel-derived CQDs as a tangible advancement in stem cell biology from a materiobiological frame of reference to hone significant development in this arena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misba Majood
- Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research and Studies, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201303, India
| | - Abhyavartin Selvam
- Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research and Studies, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201303, India
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201303, India
| | - Omnarayan Agrawal
- Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research and Studies, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201303, India
| | - Radhika Chaurasia
- Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research and Studies, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201303, India
| | - Sonali Rawat
- Stem Cells Facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Sujata Mohanty
- Stem Cells Facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Monalisa Mukherjee
- Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research and Studies, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201303, India
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El-Husseiny HM, Kaneda M, Mady EA, Yoshida T, Doghish AS, Tanaka R. Impact of Adipose Tissue Depot Harvesting Site on the Multilineage Induction Capacity of Male Rat Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells: An In Vitro Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087513. [PMID: 37108673 PMCID: PMC10138771 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, substantial attention has been paid toward adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AdMSCs) as a potential therapy in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. Rat AdMSCs (r-AdMSCs) are frequently utilized. However, the influence of the adipose depot site on the multilineage differentiation potential of the r-AdMSCs is still ambiguous. Hence, the main objective of this study was to explore the influence of the adipose tissue harvesting location on the ability of r-AdMSCs to express the stem-cell-related markers and pluripotency genes, as well as their differentiation capacity, for the first time. Herein, we have isolated r-AdMSCs from the inguinal, epididymal, peri-renal, and back subcutaneous fats. Cells were compared in terms of their phenotype, immunophenotype, and expression of pluripotency genes using RT-PCR. Additionally, we investigated their potential for multilineage (adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic) induction using special stains confirmed by the expression of the related genes using RT-qPCR. All cells could positively express stem cell marker CD 90 and CD 105 with no significant in-between differences. However, they did not express the hematopoietic markers as CD 34 and CD 45. All cells could be induced successfully. However, epididymal and inguinal cells presented the highest capacity for adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation (21.36-fold and 11.63-fold for OPN, 29.69-fold and 26.68-fold for BMP2, and 37.67-fold and 22.35-fold for BSP, respectively, in epididymal and inguinal cells (p < 0.0001)). On the contrary, the subcutaneous cells exhibited a superior potential for chondrogenesis over the other sites (8.9-fold for CHM1 and 5.93-fold for ACAN, (p < 0.0001)). In conclusion, the adipose tissue harvesting site could influence the differentiation capacity of the isolated AdMSCs. To enhance the results of their employment in various regenerative cell-based therapies, it is thus vital to take the collection site selection into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein M El-Husseiny
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai Cho, Fuchu-shi 183-8509, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh 13736, Elqaliobiya, Egypt
| | - Masahiro Kaneda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Division of Animal Life Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai Cho, Fuchu-shi 183-8509, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eman A Mady
- Department of Animal Hygiene, Behavior, and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh 13736, Elqaliobiya, Egypt
| | - Tadashi Yoshida
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Ahmed S Doghish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City 11829, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11651, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ryou Tanaka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai Cho, Fuchu-shi 183-8509, Tokyo, Japan
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CD44 mediates hyaluronan to promote the differentiation of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells into chondrocytes. Biotechnol Lett 2023; 45:411-422. [PMID: 36680638 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-022-03322-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES CD44 is the major receptor for hyaluronan (HA), but its effect on HA-induced differentiation of human amnion mesenchymal stem cells into chondrocytes is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of CD44 in HA-induced chondrogenesis. METHODS Immunocytochemistry and toluidine blue staining were used to assess the secretion of type II collagen and aggrecan, respectively. qRT-PCR and western blotting were performed to evaluate the expression of key genes and proteins. RESULTS The expression of aggrecan and type II collagen was downregulated after using the anti-CD44 antibody (A3D8). The transcriptional levels of chondrocytes‑associated genes SRY‑box transcription factor 9, aggrecan, and collagen type II alpha 1 chain were also decreased. Thus, CD44 may mediate HA-induced differentiation of hAMSCs into chondrocytes. Further investigation indicated that expression of phosphorylated (p)‑Erk1/2 and p‑Smad2 decreased following CD44 inhibition. The changes in the expression of p-Erk1/2 and p-Smad2 were consistent after using the ERK1/2 inhibitor (U0126) and agonist (EGF), respectively. After administering the p-Smad2 inhibitor, the expression levels of p-ERK1/2 and p-Smad2 appeared downregulated. The results showed crosstalk between Erk1/2 and Smad2. Moreover, inhibition of p-Erk1/2 and p-Smad2 significantly reduced the accumulation of aggrecan and type II collagen. CONCLUSION These data indicate that CD44 mediates HA-induced differentiation of hAMSCs into chondrocytes by regulating Erk1/2 and Smad2 signaling.
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Kim HR, Choi H, Park SY, Song YC, Kim JH, Shim S, Jun W, Kim KJ, Han J, Chi SW, Leem SH, Chung JW. Endoplasmin regulates differentiation of tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells into chondrocytes through ERK signaling. BMB Rep 2022. [PMID: 35168699 PMCID: PMC9152576 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2022.55.5.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well-known that some species of lizard have an exceptional ability known as caudal autotomy (voluntary self-amputation of the tail) as an anti-predation mechanism. After amputation occurs, they can regenerate their new tails in a few days. The new tail section is generally shorter than the original one and is composed of cartilage rather than vertebrae bone. In addition, the skin of the regenerated tail distinctly differs from its original appearance. We performed a proteomics analysis for extracts derived from regenerating lizard tail tissues after amputation and found that endoplasmin (ENPL) was the main factor among proteins up-regulated in expression during regeneration. Thus, we performed further experiments to determine whether ENPL could induce chondrogenesis of tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells (T-MSCs). In this study, we found that chondrogenic differentiation was associated with an increase of ENPL expression by ER stress. We also found that ENPL was involved in chondrogenic differentiation of T-MSCs by suppressing extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Ryeong Kim
- Department of Biological Science, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
| | - Hyeongrok Choi
- Department of Biological Science, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
| | - Soon Yong Park
- Department of Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Busan 46033, Korea
| | - Young-Chul Song
- Department of Physiology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Kim
- Department of Physiology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Sangin Shim
- Department of Agronomy, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Woojin Jun
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Kyung-Jin Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Jin Han
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea
| | - Seung-Wook Chi
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Sun-Hee Leem
- Department of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
| | - Jin Woong Chung
- Department of Biological Science, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
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Yang X, Tian S, Fan L, Niu R, Yan M, Chen S, Zheng M, Zhang S. Integrated regulation of chondrogenic differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells and differentiation of cancer cells. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:169. [PMID: 35488254 PMCID: PMC9052535 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02598-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrogenesis is the formation of chondrocytes and cartilage tissues and starts with mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) recruitment and migration, condensation of progenitors, chondrocyte differentiation, and maturation. The chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs depends on co-regulation of many exogenous and endogenous factors including specific microenvironmental signals, non-coding RNAs, physical factors existed in culture condition, etc. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) exhibit self-renewal capacity, pluripotency and cellular plasticity, which have the potential to differentiate into post-mitotic and benign cells. Accumulating evidence has shown that CSCs can be induced to differentiate into various benign cells including adipocytes, fibrocytes, osteoblast, and so on. Retinoic acid has been widely used in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia. Previous study confirmed that polyploid giant cancer cells, a type of cancer stem-like cells, could differentiate into adipocytes, osteocytes, and chondrocytes. In this review, we will summarize signaling pathways and cytokines in chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs. Understanding the molecular mechanism of chondrogenic differentiation of CSCs and cancer cells may provide new strategies for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Yang
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Shifeng Tian
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Linlin Fan
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Niu
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Man Yan
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Minying Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiwu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China.
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Distinctive Roles of Wnt Signaling in Chondrogenic Differentiation of BMSCs under Coupling of Pressure and Platelet-Rich Fibrin. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2022; 19:823-837. [PMID: 35467329 PMCID: PMC9294129 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-022-00456-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although newly formed constructs of feasible pressure-preadjusted bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) showed biomechanical flexibility and superior capacity for cartilage regeneration, it is still not very clear how BMSCs and seed cells feel mechanical stimuli and convert them into biological signals, and the difference in signal transduction underlying mechanical and chemical cues is also unclear. METHODS To determine whether mechanical stimulation (hydrostatic pressure) and chemical cues (platelet-rich fibrin, PRF) activate canonical or noncanonical Wnt signaling in BMSCs, BMSCs cocultured with PRF were subjected to hydrostatic pressure loading, and the activation of the Wnt signaling molecules and expression of cartilage-associated proteins and genes were determined by western blotting and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Inhibitors of canonical or noncanonical Wnt signaling, XVX-939 or L690,330, were adopted to investigate the role of Wnt signaling molecules in mechanically promoted chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs. RESULTS Hydrostatic pressure of 120 kPa activated both Wnt/β-catenin signaling and Wnt/Ca2+ signaling, with the the maximum promotion effect at 60 min. PRF exerted no synergistic effect on Wnt/β-catenin signaling activation. However, the growth factors released by PRF might reverse the promotion effects of pressure on Wnt/Ca2+ signaling. Real-time PCR and Western blotting results showed that pressure could activate the expression of Col-II, Sox9, and aggrecan in BMSCs cocultured with PRF. Blocking experiment found a positive role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and a negative role of Wnt/Ca2+ signaling in chondrogenic differentiation of the BMSCs. Mutual inhibition exists between canonical and noncanonical Wnt signaling in BMSCs under pressure. CONCLUSION Wnt signaling participates in the pressure-promoted chondrogenesis of the BMSCs co-cultured with PRF, with canonical and noncanonical pathways playing distinct roles during the process.
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Chen F, Liang Q, Mao L, Yin Y, Zhang L, Li C, Liu C. Synergy effects of Asperosaponin VI and bioactive factor BMP-2 on osteogenesis and anti-osteoclastogenesis. Bioact Mater 2022; 10:335-344. [PMID: 34901550 PMCID: PMC8636809 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a reduction in skeletal mass due to the decrease of osteogenic ability and the activation of the osteoclastic function. Inhibiting bone resorption and accelerating the new bone formation is a promising strategy to repair the bone defect of osteoporosis. In this study, we first systematically investigated the roles of Chinese medicine Asperosaponin VI (ASP VI) on osteogenic mineralization of BMSCs and osteoclastogenesis of BMMs, and then explored the synergistic effect of ASP VI and BS (BMP-2 immobilized in 2-N, 6-O-sulfated chitosan) on bone formation. The result showed that ASP VI with the concentration lower than 10-4 M contributed to the expression of osteogenic gene and inhibited osteoclastic genes RANKL of BMSCs. Simultaneously, ASP VI significantly reduced the differentiation of mononuclear osteoclasts in the process of osteoclast formation induced by M-CSF and RANKL. Furthermore, by stimulating the SMADs, TGF-β1, VEGFA, and OPG/RANKL signaling pathways, ASBS (ASP VI and BS) substantially enhanced osteogenesis, greatly promoted angiogenesis, and suppressed osteoclastogenesis. The findings provide a new perspective on osteoporosis care and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangping Chen
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
- Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Qing Liang
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Lijie Mao
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Yanrong Yin
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Cuidi Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Changsheng Liu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
- Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
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11
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Barlian A, Saputri DHA, Hernando A, Khoirinaya C, Prajatelistia E, Tanoto H. Spidroin striped micropattern promotes chondrogenic differentiation of human Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4837. [PMID: 35319008 PMCID: PMC8941093 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08982-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cartilage tissue engineering, particularly micropattern, can influence the biophysical properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) leading to chondrogenesis. In this research, human Wharton’s jelly MSCs (hWJ-MSCs) were grown on a striped micropattern containing spider silk protein (spidroin) from Argiope appensa. This research aims to direct hWJ-MSCs chondrogenesis using micropattern made of spidroin bioink as opposed to fibronectin that often used as the gold standard. Cells were cultured on striped micropattern of 500 µm and 1000 µm width sizes without chondrogenic differentiation medium for 21 days. The immunocytochemistry result showed that spidroin contains RGD sequences and facilitates cell adhesion via integrin β1. Chondrogenesis was observed through the expression of glycosaminoglycan, type II collagen, and SOX9. The result on glycosaminoglycan content proved that 1000 µm was the optimal width to support chondrogenesis. Spidroin micropattern induced significantly higher expression of SOX9 mRNA on day-21 and SOX9 protein was located inside the nucleus starting from day-7. COL2A1 mRNA of spidroin micropattern groups was downregulated on day-21 and collagen type II protein was detected starting from day-14. These results showed that spidroin micropattern enhances chondrogenic markers while maintains long-term upregulation of SOX9, and therefore has the potential as a new method for cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anggraini Barlian
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, West Java, 40132, Indonesia. .,Research Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, West Java, 40132, Indonesia.
| | - Dinda Hani'ah Arum Saputri
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, West Java, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Adriel Hernando
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, West Java, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Candrani Khoirinaya
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, West Java, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Ekavianty Prajatelistia
- Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, West Java, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Hutomo Tanoto
- Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, West Java, 40132, Indonesia
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12
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Zhang Y, Wang X, Chen J, Qian D, Gao P, Qin T, Jiang T, Yi J, Xu T, Huang Y, Wang Q, Zhou Z, Bao T, Zhao X, Liu H, Zheng Z, Fan J, Zhao S, Li Q, Yin G. Exosomes derived from platelet-rich plasma administration in site mediate cartilage protection in subtalar osteoarthritis. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:56. [PMID: 35093078 PMCID: PMC8801111 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01245-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractSubtalar osteoarthritis (STOA) is often secondary to chronic ankle sprains, which seriously affects the quality of life of patients. Due to its etiology and pathogenesis was not studied equivocally yet, there is currently a lack of effective conservative treatments. Although they have been used for tissue repair, platelet-rich plasma-derived exosomes (PRP-Exo) have the disadvantage of low retention and short-lived therapeutic effects. This study aimed to determine whether incorporation of PRP-Exo in thermosensitive hydrogel (Gel) increased their retention in the joint and thereby playing a therapeutic role on STOA due to chronic mechanical instability established by transecting lateral ligaments (anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL)/calcaneal fibular ligament (CFL)). PRP-Exo incorporated Gel (Exo-Gel) system, composed of Poloxamer-407 and 188 mixture-based thermoresponsive hydrogel matrix in an optimal ratio, was determined by its release ability of Exo and rheology of Gel response to different temperature. The biological activity of Exo-Gel was evaluated in vitro, and the therapeutic effect of Exo-Gel on STOA was evaluated in vivo. Exo released from Exo-Gel continuously for 28 days could promote the proliferation and migration of mouse bone mesenchymal stem cells (mBMSCs) and chondrocytes, at the same time enhance the chondrogenic differentiation of mBMSCs, and inhibit inflammation-induced chondrocyte degeneration. In vivo experiments confirmed that Exo-Gel increased the local retention of Exo, inhibited the apoptosis and hypertrophy of chondrocytes, enhanced their proliferation, and potentially played the role in stem cell recruitment to delay the development of STOA. Thus, Delivery of PRP-Exo incorporated in thermosensitive Gel provides a novel approach of cell-free therapy and has therapeutic effect on STOA.
Graphical Abstract
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13
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Deng X, Chen X, Geng F, Tang X, Li Z, Zhang J, Wang Y, Wang F, Zheng N, Wang P, Yu X, Hou S, Zhang W. Precision 3D printed meniscus scaffolds to facilitate hMSCs proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation for tissue regeneration. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:400. [PMID: 34856996 PMCID: PMC8641190 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01141-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The poor regenerative capability and structural complexity make the reconstruction of meniscus particularly challenging in clinic. 3D printing of polymer scaffolds holds the promise of precisely constructing complex tissue architecture, however the resultant scaffolds usually lack of sufficient bioactivity to effectively generate new tissue. Results Herein, 3D printing-based strategy via the cryo-printing technology was employed to fabricate customized polyurethane (PU) porous scaffolds that mimic native meniscus. In order to enhance scaffold bioactivity for human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) culture, scaffold surface modification through the physical absorption of collagen I and fibronectin (FN) were investigated by cell live/dead staining and cell viability assays. The results indicated that coating with fibronectin outperformed coating with collagen I in promoting multiple-aspect stem cell functions, and fibronectin favors long-term culture required for chondrogenesis on scaffolds. In situ chondrogenic differentiation of hMSCs resulted in a time-dependent upregulation of SOX9 and extracellular matrix (ECM) assessed by qRT-PCR analysis, and enhanced deposition of collagen II and aggrecan confirmed by immunostaining and western blot analysis. Gene expression data also revealed 3D porous scaffolds coupled with surface functionalization greatly facilitated chondrogenesis of hMSCs. In addition, the subcutaneous implantation of 3D porous PU scaffolds on SD rats did not induce local inflammation and integrated well with surrounding tissues, suggesting good in vivo biocompatibility. Conclusions Overall, this study presents an approach to fabricate biocompatible meniscus constructs that not only recapitulate the architecture and mechanical property of native meniscus, but also have desired bioactivity for hMSCs culture and cartilage regeneration. The generated 3D meniscus-mimicking scaffolds incorporated with hMSCs offer great promise in tissue engineering strategies for meniscus regeneration. Graphical Abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiabin Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fang Geng
- Medtronic Technology Center, Shanghai, 201114, China
| | - Xin Tang
- Medtronic Technology Center, Shanghai, 201114, China
| | - Zhenzhen Li
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yikai Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Fangqian Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Na Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Peng Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug Development, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Xiaohua Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China. .,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China. .,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Shurong Hou
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Medtronic Technology Center, Shanghai, 201114, China.
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14
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A Comparative Study of the Effect of Anatomical Site on Multiple Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in Rats. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092469. [PMID: 34572123 PMCID: PMC8465004 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from adipose tissue are evolved into various cell-based regenerative approaches. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) isolated from rats are commonly used in tissue engineering studies. Still, there is a gap in knowledge about how the harvest locations influence and guide cell differentiation. This study aims to investigate how the harvesting site affects stem-cell-specific surface markers expression, pluripotency, and differentiation potential of ASCs in female Sprague Dawley rats. ASCs were extracted from the adipose tissue of the peri-ovarian, peri-renal, and mesenteric depots and were compared in terms of cell morphology. MSCs phenotype was validated by cell surfaces markers using flow cytometry. Moreover, pluripotent gene expression of Oct4, Nanog, Sox2, Rex-1, and Tert was evaluated by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). ASCs multipotency was evaluated by specific histological stains, and the results were confirmed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) expression analysis of specific genes. There was a non-significant difference detected in the cell morphology and immunophenotype between different harvesting sites. ASCs from multiple locations were significantly varied in their capacity to differentiate into adipocytes, osteoblastic cells, and chondrocytes. To conclude, depot selection is a critical element that should be considered when using ASCs in tissue-specific cell-based regenerative therapies research.
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15
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Boller LA, Shiels SM, Florian DC, Peck SH, Schoenecker JG, Duvall C, Wenke JC, Guelcher SA. Effects of nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite concentration and skeletal site on bone and cartilage formation in rats. Acta Biomater 2021; 130:485-496. [PMID: 34129957 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Most fractures heal by a combination of endochondral and intramembranous ossification dependent upon strain and vascularity at the fracture site. Many biomaterials-based bone regeneration strategies rely on the use of calcium phosphates such as nano-crystalline hydroxyapatite (nHA) to create bone-like scaffolds. In this study, nHA was dispersed in reactive polymers to form composite scaffolds that were evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. Matrix assays, immunofluorescent staining, and Western blots demonstrated that nHA influenced mineralization and subsequent osteogenesis in a dose-dependent manner in vitro. Furthermore, nHA dispersed in polymeric composites promoted osteogenesis by a similar mechanism as particulated nHA. Scaffolds were implanted into a 2-mm defect in the femoral diaphysis or metaphysis of Sprague-Dawley rats to evaluate new bone formation at 4 and 8 weeks. Two formulations were tested: a poly(thioketal urethane) scaffold without nHA (PTKUR) and a PTKUR scaffold augmented with 22 wt% nHA (22nHA). The scaffolds supported new bone formation in both anatomic sites. In the metaphysis, augmentation of scaffolds with nHA promoted an intramembranous healing response. Within the diaphysis, nHA inhibited endochondral ossification. Immunohistochemistry was performed on cryo-sections of the bone/scaffold interface in which CD146, CD31, Endomucin, CD68, and Myeloperoxidase were evaluated. No significant differences in the infiltrating cell populations were observed. These findings suggest that nHA dispersed in polymeric composites induces osteogenic differentiation of adherent endogenous cells, which has skeletal site-specific effects on fracture healing. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Understanding the mechanism by which synthetic scaffolds promote new bone formation in preclinical models is crucial for bone regeneration applications in the clinic where complex fracture cases are seen. In this study, we found that dispersion of nHA in polymeric scaffolds promoted in vitro osteogenesis in a dose-dependent manner through activation of the PiT1 receptor and subsequent downstream Erk1/2 signaling. While augmentation of polymeric scaffolds with nHA enhanced intramembranous ossification in metaphyseal defects, it inhibited endochondral ossification in diaphyseal defects. Thus, our findings provide new insights into designing synthetic bone grafts that complement the skeletal site-specific fracture healing response.
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16
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Govoni M, Muscari C, Bonafè F, Morselli PG, Cortesi M, Dallari D, Giordano E. A brief very-low oxygen tension regimen is sufficient for the early chondrogenic commitment of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Adv Med Sci 2021; 66:98-104. [PMID: 33461101 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects exerted over chondrogenic commitment of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) by a very low oxygen tension (<1% pO2). MATERIALS/METHODS Cell morphology, mRNA levels of chondrocyte-specific marker genes and the involvement of p38 MAPK signalling were monitored in human ADSCs under a very low oxygen tension. RESULTS Cell morphology was significantly changed after two days of hypoxic preconditioning when they featured as elongated spindle-shaped cells. SRY-box containing gene 9, aggrecan and collagen type II mRNA levels were enhanced under severe hypoxic culture conditions. Moreover, the inhibition of p38 MAPK resulted in a substantial reduction in transcription of the above-mentioned specific genes, proving the pivotal role of this pathway in the transcriptional regulation of chondrogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Here, we propose a protocol showing the early commitment of stem cells towards the chondrogenic phenotype in only 2 days of culture via a very low hypoxic environment, in the absence of growth factors added in the culture medium.
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17
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Niu YT, Xie L, Deng RR, Zhang XY. In the presence of TGF-β1, Asperosaponin VI promotes human mesenchymal stem cell differentiation into nucleus pulposus like- cells. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:32. [PMID: 33446173 PMCID: PMC7807821 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03169-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The regeneration of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells is an effective method to prevent intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). In this study, we investigated the role of Asperosaponin VI (ASA VI), isolated from a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), the root of Dipsacus asper Wall, in promoting human mesenchymal stem cell (HMSC) proliferation and differentiation into NP-like cells and explored the possible mechanism of action. Methods The effects of ASA VI on HMSC viability and proliferation were determined by the XTT method and EDU staining. Then, Real-time qPCR, immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence assays were used to measure the effect of ASA VI on the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, such as COL2A1, aggrecan, SOX9, KRT19, PAX1, and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), in NP cells. In addition, Western blot assay was used to measure the expression of p-ERK1/2 and p-smad2/3. Results ASA VI was able to promote the proliferation and differentiation of HMSCs into NP-like cells, and the optimum concentration was 1 mg/L. Western blot assay indicated that the possible mechanism might be related to the activation of p-ERK1 / 2 and p-Smad2 / 3. Conclusions ASA VI can promote the proliferation and differentiation of HMSCs into NP-like cells, which can potentially be used as a treatment for IVDD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-020-03169-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Tao Niu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Xie
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Rong-Rong Deng
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China
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18
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Zhao Y, Liu H, Zhao C, Dang P, Li H, Farzaneh M. Paracrine Interactions Involved in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Differentiation into Chondrocytes. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 15:233-242. [PMID: 31889496 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x15666191224122058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), as a degenerative joint disease, is the most common form of joint disorder that causes pain, stiffness, and other symptoms associated with OA. Various genetic, biomechanical, and environmental factors have a relevant role in the development of OA. To date, extensive efforts are currently being made to overcome the poor self-healing capacity of articular cartilage. Despite the pivotal role of chondrocytes, their proliferation and repair capacity after tissue injury are limited. Therefore, the development of new strategies to overcome these constraints is urgently needed. Recent advances in regenerative medicine suggest that pluripotent stem cells are promising stem cell sources for cartilage repair. Pluripotent stem cells are undifferentiated cells that have the capacity to differentiate into different types of cells and can self-renew indefinitely. In the past few decades, numerous attempts have been made to regenerate articular cartilage by using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). The potential applications of patient-specific iPSCs hold great promise for regenerative medicine and OA treatment. However, there are different culture conditions for the preparation and characterization of human iPSCs-derived chondrocytes (hiChondrocytes). Recent biochemical analyses reported that several paracrine factors such as TGFb, BMPs, WNT, Ihh, and Runx have been shown to be involved in cartilage cell proliferation and differentiation from human iPSCs. In this review, we summarize and discuss the paracrine interactions involved in human iPSCs differentiation into chondrocytes in different cell culture media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunchang Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics III, Zhoukou Central Hospital, Zhoukou, Henan 466000, China
| | - Honghao Liu
- Department of Orthopedics III, Zhoukou Central Hospital, Zhoukou, Henan 466000, China
| | - Chunjie Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics III, Zhoukou Central Hospital, Zhoukou, Henan 466000, China
| | - Peng Dang
- Department of Orthopedics III, Zhoukou Central Hospital, Zhoukou, Henan 466000, China
| | - Haijian Li
- Department of Orthopedics III, Zhoukou Central Hospital, Zhoukou, Henan 466000, China
| | - Maryam Farzaneh
- Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Xu Y, Wang YQ, Wang AT, Yu CY, Luo Y, Liu RM, Zhao YJ, Xiao JH. Effect of CD44 on differentiation of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells into chondrocytes via Smad and ERK signaling pathways. Mol Med Rep 2020; 21:2357-2366. [PMID: 32236637 PMCID: PMC7185282 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
CD44 antigen (CD44) is a transmembrane protein found in cell adhesion molecules and is involved in the regulation of various physiological processes in cells. It was hypothesized that CD44 directly affected the chondrogenic differentiation of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs). In the present study, the expression of chondrocyte-associated factors was detected in the absence and presence of the antibody blocker anti-CD44 antibody during the chondrogenic differentiation of hAMSCs. Following inhibition of CD44 expression, the transcriptional levels of chondrocyte-associated genes SRY-box transcription factor 9, aggrecan and collagen type II α 1 chain, as well as the production of chondrocyte markers type II collagen and aggrecan were significantly decreased in hAMSCs. Further investigation indicated that there was no significant change in total ERK1/2 expression following inhibition of CD44 expression; however, phosphorylated (p)-ERK1/2 expression was decreased. The expression of p-Smad2/3 was also upregulated following CD44 inhibition. These data indicated that CD44 may affect the differentiation of hAMSCs into chondrocytes by regulating the Smad2/3 and ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- Zunyi Municipal Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biotechnology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Qing Wang
- Zunyi Municipal Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biotechnology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Ai-Tong Wang
- Zunyi Municipal Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biotechnology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Chang-Yin Yu
- Center for Translational Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Yi Luo
- Zunyi Municipal Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biotechnology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Ru-Ming Liu
- Zunyi Municipal Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biotechnology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Jie Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Hui Xiao
- Zunyi Municipal Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biotechnology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
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20
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Sahu N, Budhiraja G, Subramanian A. Preconditioning of mesenchymal stromal cells with low-intensity ultrasound: influence on chondrogenesis and directed SOX9 signaling pathways. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:6. [PMID: 31900222 PMCID: PMC6942392 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1532-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Continuous low-intensity ultrasound (cLIUS) facilitates the chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in the absence of exogenously added transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) by upregulating the expression of transcription factor SOX9, a master regulator of chondrogenesis. The present study evaluated the molecular events associated with the signaling pathways impacting SOX9 gene and protein expression under cLIUS. Methods Human bone marrow-derived MSCs were exposed to cLIUS stimulation at 14 kPa (5 MHz, 2.5 Vpp) for 5 min. The gene and protein expression of SOX9 was evaluated. The specificity of SOX9 upregulation under cLIUS was determined by treating the MSCs with small molecule inhibitors of select signaling molecules, followed by cLIUS treatment. Signaling events regulating SOX9 expression under cLIUS were analyzed by gene expression, immunofluorescence staining, and western blotting. Results cLIUS upregulated the gene expression of SOX9 and enhanced the nuclear localization of SOX9 protein when compared to non-cLIUS-stimulated control. cLIUS was noted to enhance the phosphorylation of the signaling molecule ERK1/2. Inhibition of MEK/ERK1/2 by PD98059 resulted in the effective abrogation of cLIUS-induced SOX9 expression, indicating that cLIUS-induced SOX9 upregulation was dependent on the phosphorylation of ERK1/2. Inhibition of integrin and TRPV4, the upstream cell-surface effectors of ERK1/2, did not inhibit the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and therefore did not abrogate cLIUS-induced SOX9 expression, thereby suggesting the involvement of other mechanoreceptors. Consequently, the effect of cLIUS on the actin cytoskeleton, a mechanosensitive receptor regulating SOX9, was evaluated. Diffused and disrupted actin fibers observed in MSCs under cLIUS closely resembled actin disruption by treatment with cytoskeletal drug Y27632, which is known to increase the gene expression of SOX9. The upregulation of SOX9 under cLIUS was, therefore, related to cLIUS-induced actin reorganization. SOX9 upregulation induced by actin reorganization was also found to be dependent on the phosphorylation of ERK1/2. Conclusions Collectively, preconditioning of MSCs by cLIUS resulted in the nuclear localization of SOX9, phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and disruption of actin filaments, and the expression of SOX9 was dependent on the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 under cLIUS. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-019-1532-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neety Sahu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0643, USA.,Present Address: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, 94304, USA
| | - Gaurav Budhiraja
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0643, USA
| | - Anuradha Subramanian
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, 35899, USA.
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21
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Ma N, Teng X, Zheng Q, Chen P. The regulatory mechanism of p38/MAPK in the chondrogenic differentiation from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. J Orthop Surg Res 2019; 14:434. [PMID: 31831024 PMCID: PMC6909593 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-019-1505-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by articular cartilage degradation and joint inflammation, in which growth factors are significantly involved. The extracellular signal-regulated p38 MAPK pathways play important roles in the regulation of osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). However, the exact mechanism remains unclear. METHODS In this study, the chondrogenic differentiation of human BMSCs was initiated in micromass culture in the presence of TGF-β1 for 14 days. Quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot were performed to detect the transfection effect of shRNA-p38 interfering plasmid in BMSCs. The protein expressions of p/t-p38, SOX9, collagen II, Aggrecan, p/t-Smad1, and p/t-Smad4, as well as the kinase activities of p38/ERK/JNK pathway, were investigated using Western blot analysis. Additionally, the level of chondroitin sulfate and glycosaminoglycans (GAG) expression were measured by Alcian blue staining and GAG assay kit via qualitative and quantitative methods, respectively. RESULTS The results demonstrated that p38 pathway was activated in the chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs induced by TGF-β1. Cartilage-specific genes and chondrogenic regulators, such as SOX9, collagen II, Aggrecan, and GAG, were upregulated by TGF-β1, which could be reversed by predisposed with shRNA-p38 interfering plasmid and p38-MAPK inhibitors (SB203580). Moreover, the activation of p38/ERK/JNK pathways in the presence of TGF-β1 was suppressed by shRNA-p38 and SB203580 treatment. CONCLUSION Collectively, the activation of p38/ERK/JNK/Smad pathways plays a facilitated role in the chondrogenic differentiation induced by TGF-β1. After suppressing the p38 pathway, the chondrogenesis can be inhibited, which can be used to guide the treatment of osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Taizhou Central Hospital (Affiliated Hospital of Taizhou University), No. 999 Donghai Avenue, Jiaojiang District, Taizhou, 318000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao Teng
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Taizhou Central Hospital (Affiliated Hospital of Taizhou University), No. 999 Donghai Avenue, Jiaojiang District, Taizhou, 318000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qi Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Taizhou Central Hospital (Affiliated Hospital of Taizhou University), No. 999 Donghai Avenue, Jiaojiang District, Taizhou, 318000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Yan Cheng Third People's Hospital (Affiliated Yancheng Hospital of Southeast University Medical College), No.2 Xindu West Road, Yancheng, 224001, Jiangsu, China.
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22
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Wang Z, Tang J, Li Y, Wang Y, Guo Y, Tu Q, Chen J, Wang C. AdipoRon promotes diabetic fracture repair through endochondral ossification-based bone repair by enhancing survival and differentiation of chondrocytes. Exp Cell Res 2019; 387:111757. [PMID: 31838062 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.111757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic bone defects may exhibit impaired endochondral ossification (ECO) leading to delayed bone repair. AdipoRon, a receptor agonist of adiponectin polymers, can ameliorate diabetes and related complications, as well as overcome the disadvantages of the unstable structure of artificial adiponectin polymers. Here, the effects of AdipoRon on the survival and differentiation of chondrocytes in a diabetic environment were explored focusing on related mechanisms in gene and protein levels. In vivo, AdipoRon was applied to diet-induced-obesity (DIO) mice, a model of obesity and type 2 diabetes, with femoral fracture. Sequential histological evaluations and micro-CT were examined for further verification. We found that AdipoRon could ameliorate cell viability, apoptosis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and promote mRNA expression of chondrogenic markers and cartilaginous matrix production of ATDC5 cells in high glucose medium via activating ERK1/2 pathway. Additionally, DIO mice with intragastric AdipoRon administration had more neocartilage and accelerated new bone formation. These data suggest that AdipoRon could stimulate bone regeneration via ECO in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyi Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jinxin Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Stomatology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250013, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yanyang Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Qisheng Tu
- Tufts School of Dental Medicine, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts School of Medicine, Boston, 02111, USA
| | - Jake Chen
- Tufts School of Dental Medicine, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts School of Medicine, Boston, 02111, USA.
| | - Chen Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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Hong KH, Kim Y, Song S. Fine-Tunable and Injectable 3D Hydrogel for On-Demand Stem Cell Niche. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1900597. [PMID: 31508277 PMCID: PMC6724362 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201900597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Stem-cell-based tissue engineering requires increased stem cell retention, viability, and control of differentiation. The use of biocompatible scaffolds encapsulating stem cells typically addresses the first two problems. To achieve control of stem cell fate, fine-tuned biocompatible scaffolds with bioactive molecules are necessary. However, given that the fine-tuning of stem cell scaffolds is associated with UV irradiation and in situ scaffold gelation, this process is in conflict with injectability. Herein, a fine-tunable and injectable 3D hydrogel system is developed with the use of thermosensitive poly(organophosphazene) bearing β-cyclodextrin (β-CD PPZ) and two types of adamantane-peptides (Ad-peptides) that are associated with mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation and that serve as stoichiometrically controlled pendants for fine-tuning. Given that complexation of hosts and guests subject to strict stoichiometric control is achieved with simple mixing, these fabricated hydrogels exhibit well-aligned, fine-tuning responses, even in living animals. Injection of MSCs in fine-tuned hydrogels also results in various chondrogenic differentiation levels at three weeks postinjection. This is attributed to the differential controls of Ad-peptides, if MSC preconditioning is excluded. Eventually, the fine-tunable and injectable 3D hydrogel could be applied as platform technology by simply switching the types of peptides bearing adamantane and their stoichiometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Hyun Hong
- Center for BiomaterialsBiomedical research InstituteKorea Institute of Science and TechnologySeoul02792Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio‐Medical Science and TechnologyKIST SchoolKorea University of Science and TechnologySeoul02792Republic of Korea
| | - Young‐Min Kim
- Center for BiomaterialsBiomedical research InstituteKorea Institute of Science and TechnologySeoul02792Republic of Korea
| | - Soo‐Chang Song
- Center for BiomaterialsBiomedical research InstituteKorea Institute of Science and TechnologySeoul02792Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio‐Medical Science and TechnologyKIST SchoolKorea University of Science and TechnologySeoul02792Republic of Korea
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24
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Wang Q, Zhou C, Zhang D, Zou J, Liu W, Cai L, Cui Y, Lai W, Xie J. The involvement of the ERK-MAPK pathway in TGF-β1-mediated connexin43-gap junction formation in chondrocytes. Connect Tissue Res 2019; 60:477-486. [PMID: 30897973 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2019.1593394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Purposes: Gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) exhibits a key role in maintaining the homeostasis of articular cartilage. Connexin43 (Cx43) protein is predominant in the structures that form gap junctions. We aim to determine the potential underlying mechanisms of TGF-β1 (Transforming growth factor-β1)-regulated cell communication in chondrocytes. Materials and methods: After exposure of chondrocytes to recombinant TGF-β1, quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect expression levels of Cx43 mRNA. Western blot analysis was used to check Cx43 and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family components. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to confirm ERK-MAPK pathway activation and Cx43 protein distribution. MAPK inhibitors (ERK inhibitor U0126, JNK inhibitor SP 600125 and P38 inhibitor SP 203580) were applied to verify the specificity effects of ERK-MAPK pathway. GJIC between chondrocytes were evaluated using Scrape loading/dye transfer (SLDT) assay. Results: It was first found that TGF-β1modulatedthe Cx43protein expressions and its sub-cellular distribution. TGF-β1 promoted gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) formations in chondrocytes, especially in a higher cell intensity. ERK-MAPK signaling pathway was activated in TGF-β1-mediated gap junctions among chondrocytes. Furthermore, the inhibitor of ERK attenuated the increases of Cx43 expressions and functional gap junction formations induced by TGF-β1, while cross-talk between ERK-MAPK and Smad signal pathways exists shown in the process. Conclusions: This study provides evidence to show the importance of the ERK-MAPK pathway in TGF-β1-mediated Cx43 expression and functional gap junction formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxuan Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology , Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Chenchen Zhou
- a State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology , Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Demao Zhang
- a State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology , Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Jing Zou
- a State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology , Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- a State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology , Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Linyi Cai
- a State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology , Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Yujia Cui
- a State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology , Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Wenli Lai
- a State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology , Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Jing Xie
- a State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology , Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
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25
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Thielen NGM, van der Kraan PM, van Caam APM. TGFβ/BMP Signaling Pathway in Cartilage Homeostasis. Cells 2019; 8:cells8090969. [PMID: 31450621 PMCID: PMC6769927 DOI: 10.3390/cells8090969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cartilage homeostasis is governed by articular chondrocytes via their ability to modulate extracellular matrix production and degradation. In turn, chondrocyte activity is regulated by growth factors such as those of the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) family. Members of this family include the TGFβs, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), and growth and differentiation factors (GDFs). Signaling by this protein family uniquely activates SMAD-dependent signaling and transcription but also activates SMAD-independent signaling via MAPKs such as ERK and TAK1. This review will address the pivotal role of the TGFβ family in cartilage biology by listing several TGFβ family members and describing their signaling and importance for cartilage maintenance. In addition, it is discussed how (pathological) processes such as aging, mechanical stress, and inflammation contribute to altered TGFβ family signaling, leading to disturbed cartilage metabolism and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie G M Thielen
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter M van der Kraan
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan P M van Caam
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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26
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Fan L, Chen J, Tao Y, Heng BC, Yu J, Yang Z, Ge Z. Enhancement of the chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and cartilage repair by ghrelin. J Orthop Res 2019; 37:1387-1397. [PMID: 30644571 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is commonly utilized in chondrogenic differentiation protocols, but this often results in incomplete maturation of the derived chondrocytes. Gene expression analysis, quantitation of sulfated glycosaminoglycan and collagen, and histological staining were performed to assess the effects of ghrelin. The signaling pathways involved were investigated with inhibitors or targeted by shRNAs. Joint cavity delivery of TGF-β with or without ghrelin, within a rat cartilage defect model was performed to evaluate the in vivo effects of ghrelin. Ghrelin dramatically enhanced gene expression levels of SOX9, ACAN, and COL II and resulted in increased synthesis of sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) and collagen in vitro. Combined treatment with TGF-β and ghrelin synergistically enhanced the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and DMNT3A, which accounted for increased expression of chondrogenic genes. Delivery of ghrelin in combination with TGF-β after MSC implantation within a rat osteochondral defect model significantly enhanced de novo cartilage regeneration, as compared to delivery with TGF-β alone. In conclusion, ghrelin could significantly enhance MSC chondrogenic differentiation in vitro and can also enhance cartilage regeneration in vivo when used in combination with TGF-β. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1387-1397, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Litong Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jiaqing Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yanmeng Tao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Boon Chin Heng
- Faculty of Dentistry, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jiakuo Yu
- Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University 3rd Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Yang
- Tissue Engineering Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 27 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117510, Singapore
| | - Zigang Ge
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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27
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Short-Term Protocols to Obtain Insulin-Producing Cells from Rat Adipose Tissue: Signaling Pathways and In Vivo Effect. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102458. [PMID: 31109026 PMCID: PMC6566438 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies using mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) as a source of insulin-secreting cells (IPCs) are a promising path in the pursuit for diabetes therapy. Here, we investigate three short-term differentiation protocols in order to generate IPCs from autologous adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) with an expressive insulin-secreting profile in vitro and in vivo, as well as the signaling pathways involved in the chosen differentiation protocols. We extracted and cultured ADSCs and differentiated them into IPCs, using three different protocols with different inductors. Afterwards, the secretory profile was analyzed and IPCs differentiated in exendin-4/activin A medium, which presented the best secretory profile, was implanted in the kidney subcapsular region of diabetic rats. All protocols induced the differentiation, but media supplemented with exendin-4/activin A or resveratrol induced the expression and secretion of insulin more efficiently, and only the exendin-4/activin-A-supplemented medium generated an insulin secretion profile more like β-cells, in response to glucose. The PI3K/Akt pathway seems to play a negative role in IPC differentiation; however, the differentiation of ADSCs with exendin-4/activin A positively modulated the p38/MAPK pathway. Resveratrol medium activated the Jak/STAT3 pathway and generated IPCs apparently less sensitive to insulin and insulin-like receptors. Finally, the implant of IPCs with the best secretory behavior caused a decrease in hyperglycemia after one-week implantation in diabetic rats. Our data provide further information regarding the generation of IPCs from ADSCs and strengthen evidence to support the use of MSCs in regenerative medicine, specially the use of exendin-4/activin A to produce rapid and effectively IPCs with significant in vivo effects.
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28
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Zhou S, Chen S, Jiang Q, Pei M. Determinants of stem cell lineage differentiation toward chondrogenesis versus adipogenesis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:1653-1680. [PMID: 30689010 PMCID: PMC6456412 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03017-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adult stem cells, also termed as somatic stem cells, are undifferentiated cells, detected among differentiated cells in a tissue or an organ. Adult stem cells can differentiate toward lineage specific cell types of the tissue or organ in which they reside. They also have the ability to differentiate into mature cells of mesenchymal tissues, such as cartilage, fat and bone. Despite the fact that the balance has been comprehensively scrutinized between adipogenesis and osteogenesis and between chondrogenesis and osteogenesis, few reviews discuss the relationship between chondrogenesis and adipogenesis. In this review, the developmental and transcriptional crosstalk of chondrogenic and adipogenic lineages are briefly explored, followed by elucidation of signaling pathways and external factors guiding lineage determination between chondrogenic and adipogenic differentiation. An in-depth understanding of overlap and discrepancy between these two mesenchymal tissues in lineage differentiation would benefit regeneration of high-quality cartilage tissues and adipose tissues for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhou
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, 64 Medical Center Drive, PO Box 9196, Morgantown, WV, 26506-9196, USA
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, 610083, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Jiang
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Pei
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, 64 Medical Center Drive, PO Box 9196, Morgantown, WV, 26506-9196, USA.
- Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, WVU Cancer Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
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Regulation of Redox Homeostasis by Nonthermal Biocompatible Plasma Discharge in Stem Cell Differentiation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:2318680. [PMID: 31049127 PMCID: PMC6462321 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2318680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Recently, a growing body of evidence has shown the role of reactive species as secondary messengers in cell proliferation and differentiation, as opposed to the harmful metabolism byproducts that they were previously solely recognized as. Thus, the balance of intracellular reduction-oxidation (redox) homeostasis plays a vital role in the regulation of stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. Nonthermal biocompatible plasma (NBP) has emerged as a novel tool in biomedical applications. Recently, NBP has also emerged as a powerful tool in the tissue engineering field for the surface modification of biomaterial and the promotion of stem cell differentiation by the regulation of intracellular redox biology. NBP can generate various kinds of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), which may play the role of the second passenger in the cell signaling network and active antioxidant system in cells. Herein, we review the current knowledge on mechanisms by which NBP regulates cell proliferation and differentiation through redox modification. Considering the importance of redox homeostasis in the regulation of stem cell differentiation, understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms involved will provide important new insights into NBP-induced stem cell differentiation for tissue engineering.
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Fu R, Han F, Liu L, Yu F, Gui Z, Wang X, Li B, Fang B, Xia L. The Effects of Leptin on the Proliferation and Differentiation of Primary Chondrocytes in Vitro and Cartilage Regeneration in Vivo. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:1907-1919. [PMID: 33405564 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Runqing Fu
- Department of Orthodontics, Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengxuan Han
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Yu
- Department of Orthodontics, Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhipeng Gui
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoting Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bing Fang
- Department of Orthodontics, Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lunguo Xia
- Department of Orthodontics, Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Pizzolatti ALA, Gaudig F, Seitz D, Roesler CRM, Salmoria GV. Glucosamine Hydrochloride and N-Acetylglucosamine Influence the Response of Bovine Chondrocytes to TGF-β3 and IGF in Monolayer and Three-Dimensional Tissue Culture. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 15:781-791. [PMID: 30603596 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-018-0150-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Glucosamine hydrochloride (GlcN·HCl) has been shown to inhibit cell growth and matrix synthesis, but not with N-acetyl-glucosamine (GlcNAc) supplementation. This effect might be related to an inhibition of critical growth factors (GF), or to a different metabolization of the two glucosamine derivatives. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the synergy between GlcN·HCl, GlcNAc, and GF on proliferation and cartilage matrix synthesis. Method Bovine chondrocytes were cultivated in monolayers for 48 h and in three-dimensional (3D) chitosan scaffolds for 30 days in perfusion bioreactors. Serum-free (SF) medium was supplemented with either growth factors (GF) TGF-β (5 ng mL-1) and IGF-I (10 ng mL-1), GlcN·HCl or GlcNAc at 1mM each or both. Six groups were compared according to medium supplementation: (a) SF control; (b) SF + GlcN·HCl; (c) SF + GlcNAc; (d) SF + GF; (e) SF + GF + GlcN·HCl; and (f) SF + GF + GlcNAc. Cell proliferation, proteoglycan, collagen I (COL1), and collagen II (COL2) synthesis were evaluated. Results The two glucosamines showed opposite effects in monolayer culture: GlcN·HCl significantly reduced proliferation and GlcNAc significantly augmented cellular metabolism. In the 30 days 3D culture, the GlcN·HCl added to GF stimulated cell proliferation more than when compared to GF only, but the proteoglycan synthesis was smaller than GF. However, GlcNAc added to GF improved the cell proliferation and proteoglycan synthesis more than when compared to GF and GF/GlcN·HCl. The synthesis of COL1 and COL2 was observed in all groups containing GF. Conclusion GlcN·HCl and GlcNAc increased cell growth and stimulated COL2 synthesis in long-time 3D culture. However, only GlcNAc added to GF improved proteoglycan synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Luiz A Pizzolatti
- 1Laboratory of Biomechanical Engineering (LEBm), University Hospital, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, St. Maria Flora Pausewang, Florianópolis, SC 88036-800 Brazil.,2CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, St. ERL-Norte, Brasília, DF 70.040-020 Brazil
| | - Florian Gaudig
- Friedrich Baur Biomed Center, Bayreuth, St. Ludwig-Thoma- 36c, 95447 Bayreuth, Bavaria Germany.,4University of Bayreuth, St. University 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Bavaria Germany
| | - Daniel Seitz
- Friedrich Baur Biomed Center, Bayreuth, St. Ludwig-Thoma- 36c, 95447 Bayreuth, Bavaria Germany.,4University of Bayreuth, St. University 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Bavaria Germany
| | - Carlos R M Roesler
- 1Laboratory of Biomechanical Engineering (LEBm), University Hospital, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, St. Maria Flora Pausewang, Florianópolis, SC 88036-800 Brazil
| | - Gean Vitor Salmoria
- 1Laboratory of Biomechanical Engineering (LEBm), University Hospital, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, St. Maria Flora Pausewang, Florianópolis, SC 88036-800 Brazil
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Aisenbrey EA, Bryant SJ. The role of chondroitin sulfate in regulating hypertrophy during MSC chondrogenesis in a cartilage mimetic hydrogel under dynamic loading. Biomaterials 2018; 190-191:51-62. [PMID: 30391802 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising for cartilage regeneration, but readily undergo terminal differentiation. The aim of this study was two-fold: a) investigate physiochemical cues from a cartilage-mimetic hydrogel under dynamic compressive loading on MSC chondrogenesis and hypertrophy and b) identify whether Smad signaling and p38 MAPK signaling mediate hypertrophy during MSC chondrogenesis. Human MSCs were encapsulated in photoclickable poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels containing chondroitin sulfate and RGD, cultured under dynamic compressive loading or free swelling for three weeks, and evaluated by qPCR and immunohistochemistry. Loading inhibited hypertrophy in the cartilage-mimetic hydrogel indicated by a reduction in pSmad 1/5/8, Runx2, and collagen X proteins, while maintaining chondrogenesis by pSmad 2/3 and collagen II proteins. Inhibiting pSmad 1/5/8 under free swelling culture significantly reduced collagen X protein, similar to the loading condition. Chondroitin sulfate was necessary for load-inhibited hypertrophy and correlated with enhanced S100A4 expression, which is downstream of the osmotic responsive transcription factor NFAT5. Inhibiting p38 MAPK under loading reduced S100A4 expression, and upregulated Runx2 and collagen X protein. Findings from this study indicate that chondroitin sulfate with dynamic loading create physiochemical cues that support MSC chondrogenesis and attenuate hypertrophy through Smad 1/5/8 inhibition and p38 MAPK upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Aisenbrey
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0596, USA
| | - Stephanie J Bryant
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0596, USA; BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0596, USA; Material Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0596, USA.
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Cao Y, Pan T, Chen X, Wu J, Guo N, Wang B. EP4 knockdown alleviates glomerulosclerosis through Smad and MAPK pathways in mesangial cells. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:5141-5150. [PMID: 30320390 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 has exhibited pleiotropic effects in the regulation of glomerulosclerosis progression through its four receptors. The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of prostaglandin receptor EP4 on mesangial cell proliferation. In vivo, 5/6 nephrectomy was introduced into EP4+/‑ and wild‑type (WT) mice. Clinical parameters were monitored post‑surgery. At 8 weeks post‑surgery, glomerular fibrosis‑associated indicators were measured by immunohistochemical staining and trichrome staining. In vitro, mesangial cells in different groups (transfected with green fluorescent protein, AD‑EF4 or AD‑CRE) were exposed to transforming growth factor (TGF)‑β1 for 24 h to detect the level of downstream signaling. Corresponding signaling inhibitors were also used to validate the signaling effects. Following surgery, EP4+/‑ mice presented a higher survival rate and normal urine volume compared with the WT group, and serum creatinine level and 24 h urine protein were lower in the EP4+/‑ mice. Furthermore, associated profibrotic indicators were identified to have decreased at 8 weeks post‑surgery along with less tubule‑interstitial fibrosis. In vivo, the inhibition of extracellular signal‑regulated kinase and P38 phosphorylation alleviated the accumulation of mesangial matrix, and these signals were enhanced when EP4 was overexpressed. EP4 enhancement aggravated imbalanced mesangial cell proliferation stimulated by TGF‑β1 and GS of mice treated with 5/6 nephrectomy through the Smad and mitogen‑activated protein kinase pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Cao
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, P.R. China
| | - Tianyi Pan
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolan Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Wu
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, P.R. China
| | - Naifeng Guo
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, P.R. China
| | - Bicheng Wang
- Basic Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
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Almeida PN, Barboza DDN, Luna EB, Correia MCDM, Dias RB, Siquara de Sousa AC, Duarte MEL, Rossi MID, Cunha KS. Increased extracellular matrix deposition during chondrogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells from individuals with neurofibromatosis type 1: an in vitro 2D and 3D study. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2018; 13:98. [PMID: 29941005 PMCID: PMC6020206 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-018-0843-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) presents a wide range of clinical manifestations, including bone alterations. Studies that seek to understand cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying NF1 orthopedic problems are of great importance to better understand the pathogenesis and the development of new therapies. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are being used as an in vitro model for several diseases and appear as a suitable model for NF1. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro chondrogenic differentiation of DPSCs from individuals with NF1 using two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) cultures. Results To fulfill the criteria of the International Society for Cellular Therapy, DPSCs were characterized by surface antigen expression and by their multipotentiality, being induced to differentiate towards adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic lineages in 2D cultures. Both DPSCs from individuals with NF1 (NF1 DPSCs) and control cultures were positive for CD90, CD105, CD146 and negative for CD13, CD14, CD45 and CD271, and successfully differentiated after the protocols. Chondrogenic differentiation was evaluated in 2D and in 3D (pellet) cultures, which were further evaluated by optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 2D cultures showed greater extracellular matrix deposition in NF1 DPSCs comparing with controls during chondrogenic differentiation. In semithin sections, control pellets hadhomogenous-sized intra and extracelullar matrix vesicles, whereas NF1 cultures had matrix vesicles of different sizes. TEM analysis showed higher amount of collagen fibers in NF1 cultures compared with control cultures. Conclusion NF1 DPSCs presented increased extracellular matrix deposition during chondrogenic differentiation, which could be related to skeletal changes in individuals with NF1. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13023-018-0843-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Nascimento Almeida
- Graduate Program in Pathology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Neurofibromatosis National Center (Centro Nacional de Neurofibromatose), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Deuilton do Nascimento Barboza
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Antônio Pedro University Hospital, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eloá Borges Luna
- Graduate Program in Pathology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Neurofibromatosis National Center (Centro Nacional de Neurofibromatose), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Rhayra Braga Dias
- National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics (Instituto Nacional de Traumatologia e Ortopedia), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Eugenia Leite Duarte
- National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics (Instituto Nacional de Traumatologia e Ortopedia), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Isabel Doria Rossi
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, and Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Karin Soares Cunha
- Graduate Program in Pathology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. .,Neurofibromatosis National Center (Centro Nacional de Neurofibromatose), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Wu X, Liu W, Liu X, Ai Q, Yu J. Overexpression of MCPH1 inhibits the migration and invasion of lung cancer cells. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:3111-3117. [PMID: 29872322 PMCID: PMC5975609 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s156102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The role of dysfunction of MCPH1, a recently identified tumor suppressor gene, has not yet been established in lung cancer. In our previous study, it was reported that MCPH1 expression is downregulated in lung cancer tissues and that MCPH1 overexpression inhibits the proliferation of non-small-cell lung cancer cells. The results can be found in the APJC and Oncology Letters journals. Methods Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was conducted to explore the prognostic significance of MCPH1. Cell experiments were performed to investigate the effects of MCPH1 on the biologic behaviors of lung cancer cells. Results In the current study, microarray analysis of MCPH1 revealed that lung cancer patients with high MCPH1 expression had longer relapse-free survival. Overexpression of MCPH1 in A549 lung carcinoma cells successfully inhibited cell migration and invasion. Moreover, overexpression of MCPH1 inhibited migration and invasion by regulating the activities of several proteins that control the epithelial–mesenchymal transition, such as Slug, Snail, E-cadherin, Mdm2, and p53. Conclusion Our results indicate that downregulation of MCPH1 correlates with tumor progression in lung cancer, and hence MCPH1 may be an important tumor suppressor gene and a novel candidate therapeutic target in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Wu
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueliang Liu
- Otolaryngology, The Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Ai
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jialin Yu
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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Ge P, Wei L, Zhang M, Hu B, Wang K, Li Y, Liu S, Wang J, Li Y. TRPC1/3/6 inhibition attenuates the TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in gastric cancer via the Ras/Raf1/ERK signaling pathway. Cell Biol Int 2018; 42:975-984. [PMID: 29570903 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengbo Ge
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery; The Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University; No. 666 Yellow River Road Binzhou 256603 China
| | - Linting Wei
- Department of Nephrology; Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an 710004 China
| | - Mingkai Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery; The Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University; No. 666 Yellow River Road Binzhou 256603 China
| | - Baoguang Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery; The Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University; No. 666 Yellow River Road Binzhou 256603 China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery; The Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University; No. 666 Yellow River Road Binzhou 256603 China
| | - Yanbin Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery; The Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University; No. 666 Yellow River Road Binzhou 256603 China
| | - Shuaichen Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery; The Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University; No. 666 Yellow River Road Binzhou 256603 China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery; The Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University; No. 666 Yellow River Road Binzhou 256603 China
| | - Yuming Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery; The Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University; No. 666 Yellow River Road Binzhou 256603 China
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You X, Shen Y, Yu W, He Y. Enhancement of tendon‑bone healing following rotator cuff repair using hydroxyapatite with TGFβ1. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:4981-4988. [PMID: 29393349 PMCID: PMC5865958 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of fibrocartilage at the healing site following a rotator cuff tear repair is a major problem in the field of tendon-bone healing. The present study aimed to enhance the healing of the tendon-bone interface following rotator-cuff tear repair by the interposition of hydroxyapatite (HA) encapsulated with transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1). Using an acute rotator cuff repair model, rats were divided into three groups: i) Repair only (control); ii) HA group; and iii) HA-TGFβ1 group. Animals were sacrificed at 2, 4 and 8 weeks following surgery. Micro-computed tomography (CT), histomorphometric analyses and biomechanical tests were used to evaluate the supraspinatus tendon-bone complex. The micro-CT images revealed notable novel bone formation in the groups treated with HA-TGFβ1. The histomorphometric analyses demonstrated improved fibrocartilage formation and collagen organization at the tendon-bone interface. The HA-TGFβ1 combination significantly improved the area of fibrocartilage, particularly at early time points (2 and 4 weeks). There was a significantly greater load-to-failure force achieved in the HA and HA-TGFβ1 groups compared with the control group at 4 and 8 weeks. Augmentation of the ceramic powder with HA-TGFβ1 at the tendon-bone interface was demonstrated to strengthen the healing entheses, increase bone and fibrocartilage formation and improve collagen organization compared with surgical repair alone. Local application of HA-TGFβ1 demonstrates potential in improving tendon-bone healing following rotator cuff repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiebo You
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Yueqin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200050, P.R. China
| | - Weihan Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Yaohua He
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
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Sun X, Wang J, Wang Y, Zhang Q. Collagen-based porous scaffolds containing PLGA microspheres for controlled kartogenin release in cartilage tissue engineering. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 46:1957-1966. [PMID: 29103324 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2017.1397000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A scaffold composed of different collagen (COL)/chitosan (CS)/hyaluronic acid sodium (HAS) salt ratios was evaluated by determining porosity, swelling, loss rate in hot water, mechanical property, and cell proliferation to obtain optimum conditions for manufacturing porous scaffolds. Results showed that the optimal ratio of COL/CS/HAS salt porous scaffold was 1:1:0.1. High swelling and loss rate of scaffolds/microspheres (MPs) could lead to high diffusion rate of MPs from the scaffolds, causing an increase in the kartogenin (KGN) release. The porous scaffolds at optimum conditions had a maximum amount of KGN release. Results of in vitro fluorescence staining and cell proliferation suggested that scaffolds/MPs had good biocompatibility and the capability to promote bone marrow stromal cell proliferation, cartilage tissue regeneration, and integration between the repaired and surrounding cartilages. Therefore, this composite could be a promising material for cartilage repair and regeneration, which could be effective in the knee osteoarthritis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Sun
- a Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technology, Fuzhou University , Fuzhou , China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- a Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technology, Fuzhou University , Fuzhou , China
| | - Yingying Wang
- a Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technology, Fuzhou University , Fuzhou , China
| | - Qiqing Zhang
- a Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technology, Fuzhou University , Fuzhou , China
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Xu W, Wang Y, Zhao H, Fan B, Guo K, Cai M, Zhang S. Delta-like 2 negatively regulates chondrogenic differentiation. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:6574-6582. [PMID: 29057471 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Delta-like 2 (Dlk2), a glycoprotein highly homologous to Dlk1, belongs to the Notch/Delta/Serrata family. Dlk2 has been shown to be an important regulator of adipogenesis; however, its role in other cellular differentiation processes is still unknown. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to determine the role of Dlk2 in chondrogenic differentiation. We found that Dlk2 overexpression promoted the growth of ATDC5 cells but inhibited insulin-induced ATDC5 chondrogenic differentiation, as supported by the reduction in cartilage matrix formation and gene expression of aggrecan (acan), collagentype II (col2a1) and X (col10a1). In contrast, Dlk2 silencing inhibited the proliferation of ATDC5 cells but enhanced their chondrogenic differentiation. We then evaluated the roles of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), which are activated by insulin during the chondrogenesis of ATDC5 cells. Overexpression of Dlk2 protein strongly promoted the activation of p38, but not extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Moreover, as expected, Dlk2 silencing inhibited the activation of p38, but had no effect on the ERK1/2 and JNK pathways. Finally, we also detected the expression of Dlk2 in mouse epiphyseal cartilage during embryo development. The expression of the Dlk2 protein in the limb bud could be detected at embryonic day 11.5; additionally, it was found to decrease in the superficial zones, but remained unchanged in the deep/hypertrophic zones. In conclusion, our results suggested that Dlk2 acted as an important regulator of chondrogenesis through the p38 pathway. These findings may lead to strategies for the treatment of cartilage-related diseases such as osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yexin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Haoming Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Baotin Fan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Ke Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Ming Cai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Department of Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Shanyong Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Department of Oral Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
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Jian CY, Ouyang HB, Xiang XH, Chen JL, Li YX, Zhou X, Wang JY, Yang Y, Zhong EY, Huang WH, Zhang HW. Naringin protects myocardial cells from doxorubicin‑induced apoptosis partially by inhibiting the p38MAPK pathway. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:9457-9463. [PMID: 29152646 PMCID: PMC5780003 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) has been widely used to treat cancers as a first-line antitumor drug. However, it causes severe, irreversible, dose-dependent cardiotoxicity. To evaluate the protective effects of naringin (NRG) on cardiotoxicity, the authors investigated the molecular mechanism of the p38MAPK signaling pathway. H9c2 cells were treated for 24 h by using 5 µmol/l DOX without or with being pretreated by 1 µM NRG for 150 min or by 3 µM SB203580 for 60 min. Cell viability was detected by cell counting kit-8 assay. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were detected based on the oxidative conversion of 2′,7′-dichlorfluorescein-diacetate (cell-permeable) to dichlorofluorescein (fluorescent). The expression of p38MAPK was determined by western blotting. The expression level of p-p38MAPK in H9c2 cells, which was significantly increased by exposure to 5 µM DOX for 60 min (P<0.01), was significantly decreased by pretreatment with 1 µM NRG for 150 min beforehand (P<0.01). The viability of H9c2 cells pretreated for 150 min with 1 µM NRG was significantly enhanced compared with that using DOX directly (P<0.01). Intracellular ROS levels were significantly reduced by being pretreated with 1 µM NRG for 150 min or with 3 µM SB203580 for 60 min before the cells were exposed to 5 µM DOX. Collectively, NRG protected H9c2 cells against the cardiotoxicity induced by DOX through suppressing the expression and activity of the p38MAPK pathway. The findings provided valuable evidence for the possible use of NRG to relieve DOX-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yan Jian
- Department of Cardiology, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524000, P.R. China
| | - Han-Bin Ouyang
- Department of Anatomy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Xian-Hong Xiang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Li Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Xin Li
- Department of Anatomy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Anatomy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Yang Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Anatomy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - En-Yi Zhong
- Department of Anatomy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Hua Huang
- Department of Anatomy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Wu Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
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Ba P, Duan X, Fu G, Lv S, Yang P, Sun Q. Differential effects of p38 and Erk1/2 on the chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:63-68. [PMID: 28498451 PMCID: PMC5482129 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (Erk1/2) and p38 mitogen-activated protein-kinase pathways serve important roles in the regulation of osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). However, the exact mechanism remains unclear, and the effect is controversial. In the present study, the effects of Erk1/2 and p38 on the osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) were compared in vitro. The results indicated that inhibition of Erk1/2 is able to enhance the osteogenic differentiation of DPSCs and inhibit chondrogenic differentiation, whereas inhibition of p38 demonstrated the opposite effect. When compared with previous studies, the present study further confirmed that Erk1/2 and p38 serve important, but complicated, roles in regulating the differentiation of MSCs. Different chemical and physical stimuli, cell types, culture methods, times of inhibitor administration and the dosage of the inhibitor may influence the effect of Erk1/2 and p38 on the differentiation of MSCs. The present study aims to better understand the mechanisms that control the differentiation of MSCs and may be helpful in creating more effective tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Ba
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Duan
- National Engineering Laboratory, WeGo Group Co., Ltd., Weihai, Shandong 264210, P.R. China
| | - Guo Fu
- Department of Periodontology, Weihai Stomatological Hospital, Weihai, Shandong 264200, P.R. China
| | - Shuyan Lv
- Department of Periodontology, Weihai Stomatological Hospital, Weihai, Shandong 264200, P.R. China
| | - Pishan Yang
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Qinfeng Sun
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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Kiwanuka E, Junker JP, Eriksson E. Transforming growth factor β1 regulates the expression of CCN2 in human keratinocytes via Smad-ERK signalling. Int Wound J 2017; 14:1006-1018. [PMID: 28371159 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.12749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Connective tissue growth factor (CCN2/CTGF) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) are important regulators of skin wound healing, but controversy remains regarding their expression in epithelial cell lineages. Here, we investigate the expression of CCN2 in keratinocytes during reepithelialisation and its regulation by TGF-β1. CCN2 was detected in the epidermis of healing full-thickness porcine wounds. Human keratinocytes were incubated with or without 10 ng/ml TGF-β1, and signalling pathways were blocked with 10-μM SIS3 or 20-μM PD98059. Semi-quantitative real-time PCR was used to study CCN2 mRNA expression, and western blot was used to measure CCN2, phosphorylated-ERK1/2, ERK1/2, phosphorylated-Smad3 and Smad2/3 proteins. CCN2 was transiently expressed in neoepidermis at the leading edge of the wound in vivo. In vitro, CCN2 expression was induced by TGF-β1 at 2 hours (7·5 ± 1·9-fold mRNA increase and 3·0 ± 0·6-fold protein increase) and 12 hours (5·4 ± 1·9-fold mRNA increase and 3·3 ± 0·6-fold protein increase). Compared with inhibiting the SMAD pathway, inhibiting the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway was more effective in reducing TGF-β1-induced CCN2 mRNA and protein expression. Inhibition of the MAPK pathway had minimal impact on the activity of the SMAD pathway. CCN2 is expressed in keratinocytes in response to tissue injury or TGF-β1. In addition, TGF-β1 induces CCN2 expression in keratinocytes through the ras/MEK/ERK pathway. A complete understanding of CCN2 expression in keratinocytes is critical to developing novel therapies for wound healing and cutaneous malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Kiwanuka
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Johan Pe Junker
- Center for Disaster Medicine and Traumatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Elof Eriksson
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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He S, Zhao W, Zhang L, Mi L, Du G, Sun C, Sun X. Low-frequency vibration treatment of bone marrow stromal cells induces bone repair in vivo. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2017; 20:23-28. [PMID: 28133520 PMCID: PMC5243970 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2017.8088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective(s): To study the effect of low-frequency vibration on bone marrow stromal cell differentiation and potential bone repair in vivo. Materials and Methods: Forty New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into five groups with eight rabbits in each group. For each group, bone defects were generated in the left humerus of four rabbits, and in the right humerus of the other four rabbits. To test differentiation, bones were isolated and demineralized, supplemented with bone marrow stromal cells, and implanted into humerus bone defects. Varying frequencies of vibration (0, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 Hz) were applied to each group for 30 min each day for four weeks. When the bone defects integrated, they were then removed for histological examination. mRNA transcript levels of runt-related transcription factor 2, osteoprotegerin, receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-B ligan, and pre-collagen type 1 α were measured. Results: Humeri implanted with bone marrow stromal cells displayed elevated callus levels and wider, more prevalent, and denser trabeculae following treatment at 25 and 50 Hz. The mRNA levels of runt-related transcription factor 2, osteoprotegerin, receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-B ligand, and pre-collagen type 1 α were also markedly higher following 25 and 50 Hz treatment. Conclusion: Low frequency (25–50 Hz) vibration in vivo can promote bone marrow stromal cell differentiation and repair bone injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengwei He
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116031, P. R. China
| | - Wenzhi Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116031, P. R. China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116031, P. R. China
| | - Lidong Mi
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116031, P. R. China
| | - Guangyu Du
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116031, P. R. China
| | - Chuanxiu Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116031, P. R. China
| | - Xuegang Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116031, P. R. China
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Lee JY, Park S, Kim KS, Ko JJ, Lee S, Kim KP, Park KS. Novel Function of Sprouty4 as a Regulator of Stemness and Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells. Dev Reprod 2016; 20:171-7. [PMID: 27660833 PMCID: PMC5027223 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2016.20.2.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sprouty (Spry) genes encode inhibitors of the receptor tyrosine kinase signaling cascade, which plays important roles in stem cells. However, the role of Spry4 in the stemness of embryonic stem cells has not been fully elucidated. Here, we used mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) as a model system to investigate the role of Spry4 in the stem cells. Suppression of Spry4 expression results in the decreases of cell proliferation, EB formation and stemness marker expression, suggesting that Spry4 activity is associated with stemness of mESCs. Teratoma assay showed that the cartilage maturation was facilitated in Spry4 knocked down mESCs. Our results suggest that Spry4 is an important regulator of the stemness and differentiation of mESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Young Lee
- Dept. of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seoul 06135, Korea
| | - Sunghyun Park
- Dept. of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seoul 06135, Korea
| | - Kwang-Soo Kim
- Dept. of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seoul 06135, Korea
| | - Jeong-Jae Ko
- Dept. of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seoul 06135, Korea
| | - Soohong Lee
- Dept. of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seoul 06135, Korea
| | - Keun Pil Kim
- Dept. of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06975, Korea
| | - Kyung-Soon Park
- Dept. of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seoul 06135, Korea
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Armakolas N, Dimakakos A, Armakolas A, Antonopoulos A, Koutsilieris M. Possible role of the Ec peptide of IGF‑1Ec in cartilage repair. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:3066-72. [PMID: 27571686 PMCID: PMC5042773 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ec peptide (PEc) of insulin-like growth factor 1 Ec (IGF-1Ec) induces human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) mobilization and activates extracellular signal‑regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2) in various cells. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of PEc on the mobilization and differentiation of hMSCs, as well as the possibility of its implementation in combination with transforming growth factor β1 (TGF‑β1) for cartilage repair. The effects of the exogenous administration of PEc and TGF‑β1, alone and in combination, on hMSCs were assessed using a trypan blue assay, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot analysis, Alcian blue staining, wound healing assays and migration/invasion assays. It was determined that PEc is involved in the differentiation process of hMSCs towards hyaline cartilage. Treatment of hMSCs with either PEc, TGF‑β1 or both, demonstrated comparable cartilage matrix deposition. Furthermore, treatment with PEc in combination with TGF‑β1 was associated with a significant increase in hMSC mobilization when compared with treatment with TGF‑β1 or PEc alone (P<0.05). Thus, PEc appears to facilitate in vitro hMSC mobilization and differentiation towards chondrocytes, enhancing the role of TGF‑β1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreas Dimakakos
- Physiology Laboratory, Athens Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios Armakolas
- Physiology Laboratory, Athens Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Michael Koutsilieris
- Physiology Laboratory, Athens Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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Zhou X, Wang J, Sun H, Qi Y, Xu W, Luo D, Jin X, Li C, Chen W, Lin Z, Li F, Zhang R, Li G. MicroRNA-99a regulates early chondrogenic differentiation of rat mesenchymal stem cells by targeting the BMPR2 gene. Cell Tissue Res 2016; 366:143-53. [PMID: 27177866 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2416-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are candidates for the regeneration of articular cartilage as they possess the potential for chondrogenic differentiation. MSCs are easily obtained and expanded in vitro. Specific microRNAs (miRNAs) that regulate chondrogenesis have yet to be identified and the mechanisms involved remain to be defined. The miRNAs regulate biological processes by binding target mRNA to reduce protein synthesis. In this study, we show that expression of miR-99a and miR-125b-3p were increased during early chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs (rMSCs) derived from the Norwegian brown rat (Rattus norvegicus). MiR-99a knockdown promoted proteoglycan deposition and increased the expression of ACAN and COL2A1 during early chondrogenic differentiation. MiR-99a knockdown promoted early chondrogenic differentiation of rMSCs. A dual-luciferase reporter gene assay showed that miR-99a targeted a putative binding site in the 3'-UTR of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor type 2 (BMPR2). Overexpression of miR-99a reduced the expression levels of BMPR2 protein. The expression of total p38 and p-p38 increased at 7 and 14 days during early chondrogenic differentiation of rMSCs. Reduction in levels of total p38 and p-p38 protein followed miR-99a overexpression during early chondrogenic differentiation of rMSCs. BMPR2 silencing reversed the effects of miR-99a inhibition on proteoglycan deposition and protein expression of ACAN, COL2A1, total p38 and p-p38 during early chondrogenic differentiation of rMSCs. In conclusion, the findings of these in vitro studies in rat MSCs support a role for miR-99a as a negative regulator of early chondrogenic differentiation by directly targeting the BMPR2 gene at an early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhong Zhou
- University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Zhongshan Torch Development Zone Hospital, Zhongshan, Guangdong, 528437, China
| | - Hongtao Sun
- Guangdong No.2 Provincial People's Hospital, Guanzhou, Guangdong, 510317, China
| | - Yong Qi
- Guangdong No.2 Provincial People's Hospital, Guanzhou, Guangdong, 510317, China
| | - Wangyang Xu
- Guangdong No.2 Provincial People's Hospital, Guanzhou, Guangdong, 510317, China
| | - Dixin Luo
- Guangdong No.2 Provincial People's Hospital, Guanzhou, Guangdong, 510317, China
| | - Xunjie Jin
- Guangdong No.2 Provincial People's Hospital, Guanzhou, Guangdong, 510317, China
| | - Chao Li
- Guangdong No.2 Provincial People's Hospital, Guanzhou, Guangdong, 510317, China
| | - Weijian Chen
- Guangdong No.2 Provincial People's Hospital, Guanzhou, Guangdong, 510317, China
| | - Zhousheng Lin
- Guangdong No.2 Provincial People's Hospital, Guanzhou, Guangdong, 510317, China
| | - Feimeng Li
- Guangdong No.2 Provincial People's Hospital, Guanzhou, Guangdong, 510317, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Guangdong No.2 Provincial People's Hospital, Guanzhou, Guangdong, 510317, China
| | - Guitao Li
- Guangdong No.2 Provincial People's Hospital, Guanzhou, Guangdong, 510317, China.
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47
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Ex Vivo Stromal Cell-Derived Factor 1-Mediated Differentiation of Mouse Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Hepatocytes Is Enhanced by Chinese Medicine Yiguanjian Drug-Containing Serum. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:7380439. [PMID: 27190538 PMCID: PMC4848422 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7380439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Yiguanjian is administered in traditional Chinese medicine for liver diseases and has been demonstrated to reduce liver fibrosis. This study investigated the effect of Yiguanjian drug-containing serum (YGJ) with Stromal Cell-Derived Factor 1 (SDF-1) and Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) on the differentiation of murine bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal cells (BM-MSCs) into hepatocytes in vitro. Adherent MSCs were isolated from murine bone marrow. Differentiation was induced by 20 ng/mL HGF, 50 ng/mL SDF-1, and 20% Yiguanjian drug-containing serum for 7 to 28 days, and mature hepatocytes' marker albumin (ALB) and cholangiocytes' marker cytokeratin-18 (CK-18) were assessed by immunocytochemistry and western blot. BM-MSCs exhibited homogeneous spindle shape growth after subculture and stained positive for CD90 and negative for CD34. After induction with HGF + normal serum or YGJ for 14 days, HGF + SDF-1 + normal serum for 7 days, or HGF + SDF-1 + YGJ for 5 days, MSCs' morphology changed gradually and begun to resemble hepatocyte-like cells. Cultures supplemented with HGF + SDF-1 + YGJ contained significantly higher proportions of ALB and CK-18 positive cells than cultures supplemented with HGF + SDF-1 + normal serum at day 7. These observations corroborated the results of western blot. In conclusion, Yiguanjian drug-containing serum could facilitate the differentiation of murine BM-MSCs into hepatocytes in vitro and has a synergistic effect with SDF-1 and HGF.
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48
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Wang J, Yang Q, Cheng N, Tao X, Zhang Z, Sun X, Zhang Q. Collagen/silk fibroin composite scaffold incorporated with PLGA microsphere for cartilage repair. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 61:705-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.12.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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49
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Kwon H, Paschos NK, Hu JC, Athanasiou K. Articular cartilage tissue engineering: the role of signaling molecules. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:1173-94. [PMID: 26811234 PMCID: PMC5435375 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2115-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Effective early disease modifying options for osteoarthritis remain lacking. Tissue engineering approach to generate cartilage in vitro has emerged as a promising option for articular cartilage repair and regeneration. Signaling molecules and matrix modifying agents, derived from knowledge of cartilage development and homeostasis, have been used as biochemical stimuli toward cartilage tissue engineering and have led to improvements in the functionality of engineered cartilage. Clinical translation of neocartilage faces challenges, such as phenotypic instability of the engineered cartilage, poor integration, inflammation, and catabolic factors in the arthritic environment; these can all contribute to failure of implanted neocartilage. A comprehensive understanding of signaling molecules involved in osteoarthritis pathogenesis and their actions on engineered cartilage will be crucial. Thus, while it is important to continue deriving inspiration from cartilage development and homeostasis, it has become increasingly necessary to incorporate knowledge from osteoarthritis pathogenesis into cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heenam Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Nikolaos K Paschos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Jerry C Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Kyriacos Athanasiou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA.
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50
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Yu X, Li Z, Chan MTV, Wu WKK. PAQR3: a novel tumor suppressor gene. Am J Cancer Res 2015; 5:2562-2568. [PMID: 26609468 PMCID: PMC4633890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PAQR3, also known as RKTG (Raf kinase trapping to Golgi), is a member of the progestin and adipoQ receptor (PAQR) family. The role of PAQR3 as a tumor suppressor has recently been established in different types of human cancer in which PAQR3 exerts its biological function through negative regulation of the oncogenic Raf/MEK/ERK signaling. Multiple studies have found that PAQR3 downregulation frequently occurs in human cancers and is very often associated with tumor progression and shortened patients' survival. Moreover, restoring the expression of PAQR3 could induce apoptosis and inhibit proliferation and invasiveness of cancer cells. Downregulation of PAQR3 by oncogenic microRNAs has also been reported. In this review, we summarized current knowledge concerning the role of PAQR3 in tumor development. To our knowledge, this is the first review on the role of this novel tumor suppressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730, China
| | - Matthew TV Chan
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong, China
| | - William Ka Kei Wu
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, LKS Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong, China
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