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Warner WA, Morrison RL, Lee TY, Williams TM, Ramnarine S, Roach V, Slovacek S, Maharaj R, Bascombe N, Bondy ML, Ellis MJ, Toriola AT, Roach A, Llanos AAM. Associations among ancestry, geography and breast cancer incidence, mortality, and survival in Trinidad and Tobago. Cancer Med 2015; 4:1742-53. [PMID: 26338451 PMCID: PMC4674001 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Breast cancer (BC) is the most common newly diagnosed cancer among women in Trinidad and Tobago (TT) and BC mortality rates are among the highest in the world. Globally, racial/ethnic trends in BC incidence, mortality and survival have been reported. However, such investigations have not been conducted in TT, which has been noted for its rich diversity. In this study, we investigated associations among ancestry, geography and BC incidence, mortality and survival in TT. Data on 3767 incident BC cases, reported to the National Cancer Registry of TT, from 1995 to 2007, were analyzed in this study. Women of African ancestry had significantly higher BC incidence and mortality rates ( INCIDENCE 66.96; MORTALITY 30.82 per 100,000) compared to women of East Indian ( INCIDENCE 41.04, MORTALITY: 14.19 per 100,000) or mixed ancestry ( INCIDENCE 36.72, MORTALITY: 13.80 per 100,000). Geographically, women residing in the North West Regional Health Authority (RHA) catchment area followed by the North Central RHA exhibited the highest incidence and mortality rates. Notable ancestral differences in survival were also observed. Women of East Indian and mixed ancestry experienced significantly longer survival than those of African ancestry. Differences in survival by geography were not observed. In TT, ancestry and geographical residence seem to be strong predictors of BC incidence and mortality rates. Additionally, disparities in survival by ancestry were found. These data should be considered in the design and implementation of strategies to reduce BC incidence and mortality rates in TT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne A Warner
- Oncology Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.,Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Robert L Morrison
- Oncology Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Tammy Y Lee
- California State University, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Shelina Ramnarine
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Veronica Roach
- Dr. Elizabeth Quamina Cancer Registry, Eric Williams Medical Sciences Complex, Mt. Hope, Trinidad and Tobago
| | | | - Ravi Maharaj
- Department of Clinical Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Nigel Bascombe
- Department of Clinical Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Melissa L Bondy
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Matthew J Ellis
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Adetunji T Toriola
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Allana Roach
- Public Health and Primary Care Unit, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Adana A M Llanos
- Rutgers School of Public Health and Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
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Fonseca BD, Zakaria C, Jia JJ, Graber TE, Svitkin Y, Tahmasebi S, Healy D, Hoang HD, Jensen JM, Diao IT, Lussier A, Dajadian C, Padmanabhan N, Wang W, Matta-Camacho E, Hearnden J, Smith EM, Tsukumo Y, Yanagiya A, Morita M, Petroulakis E, González JL, Hernández G, Alain T, Damgaard CK. La-related Protein 1 (LARP1) Represses Terminal Oligopyrimidine (TOP) mRNA Translation Downstream of mTOR Complex 1 (mTORC1). J Biol Chem 2015; 290:15996-6020. [PMID: 25940091 PMCID: PMC4481205 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.621730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is a critical regulator of protein synthesis. The best studied targets of mTORC1 in translation are the eukaryotic initiation factor-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) and ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1). In this study, we identify the La-related protein 1 (LARP1) as a key novel target of mTORC1 with a fundamental role in terminal oligopyrimidine (TOP) mRNA translation. Recent genome-wide studies indicate that TOP and TOP-like mRNAs compose a large portion of the mTORC1 translatome, but the mechanism by which mTORC1 controls TOP mRNA translation is incompletely understood. Here, we report that LARP1 functions as a key repressor of TOP mRNA translation downstream of mTORC1. Our data show the following: (i) LARP1 associates with mTORC1 via RAPTOR; (ii) LARP1 interacts with TOP mRNAs in an mTORC1-dependent manner; (iii) LARP1 binds the 5'TOP motif to repress TOP mRNA translation; and (iv) LARP1 competes with the eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4G for TOP mRNA binding. Importantly, from a drug resistance standpoint, our data also show that reducing LARP1 protein levels by RNA interference attenuates the inhibitory effect of rapamycin, Torin1, and amino acid deprivation on TOP mRNA translation. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that LARP1 functions as an important repressor of TOP mRNA translation downstream of mTORC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno D Fonseca
- From the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L1, Canada,
| | - Chadi Zakaria
- the Department of Biochemistry, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Jian-Jun Jia
- From the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Tyson E Graber
- From the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L1, Canada, the Department of Biochemistry, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Yuri Svitkin
- the Department of Biochemistry, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Soroush Tahmasebi
- the Department of Biochemistry, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Danielle Healy
- From the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Huy-Dung Hoang
- From the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Jacob M Jensen
- the Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Ilo T Diao
- the Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Alexandre Lussier
- the Department of Biochemistry, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Christopher Dajadian
- the Department of Biochemistry, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Niranjan Padmanabhan
- the Department of Biochemistry, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Walter Wang
- the Department of Biochemistry, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Edna Matta-Camacho
- the Department of Biochemistry, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Jaclyn Hearnden
- the Department of Biochemistry, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Ewan M Smith
- the Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, Hodgkin Building, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
| | - Yoshinori Tsukumo
- the Department of Biochemistry, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Akiko Yanagiya
- the Department of Biochemistry, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Masahiro Morita
- the Department of Biochemistry, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Petroulakis
- the Department of Biochemistry, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada, Pfizer Canada Inc., Kirkland, Quebec H9J 2M5, Canada, and
| | - Jose L González
- the Division of Basic Science, National Institute of Cancer, 22 San Fernando Ave., Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Greco Hernández
- the Division of Basic Science, National Institute of Cancer, 22 San Fernando Ave., Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Tommy Alain
- From the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L1, Canada,
| | - Christian K Damgaard
- the Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark,
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Rahman H, Qasim M, Oellerich M, Asif AR. Crosstalk between Edc4 and mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling in mRNA decapping. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:23179-95. [PMID: 25514416 PMCID: PMC4284759 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151223179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is involved in the cellular transcription and translation processes. The undertaken study characterized the enhancer of mRNA decapping protein 4 (Edc4) as mTORC1 interacting protein. Human T lymphoblast (CCRF-CEM) cells were used for mTORC1 purification. Co-immunoprecipitation coupled with immunoblotting analysis was used to confirm the interaction of Edc4 in mTORC1 specific purifications. Further assays were incorporated to conclude the role of mTORC1 in mRNA decapping via Edc4. Edc4 was identified as a new interacting protein with mTORC1 in both the endogenous and myc-tag raptor component mTORC1 specific purifications. Quantitative co-localization using confocal microscopy demonstrated that raptor component of mTORC1 coexists with Edc4 in processing (P) bodies, a site for mRNA degradation. Incubation of cells with rapamycin, a known inhibitor of mTOR kinase activity, increased the total Edc4 protein expression but at the same time decreased the Edc4 interaction with mTORC1. Moreover, rapamycin treatment resulted in a significant decrease in total serine phosphorylated Edc4 protein signal and the total 5'-capped mRNA. These findings provide the first evidence for the pivotal role of mTORC1 in Edc4 regulation. Further in-depth studies are required to get a complete understanding of molecular crosstalk between mTORC1 signaling and mRNA decapping pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazir Rahman
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry/UMG-Laboratories, University Medical Center, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, Goettingen 37075, Germany.
| | - Muhammad Qasim
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry/UMG-Laboratories, University Medical Center, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, Goettingen 37075, Germany.
| | - Michael Oellerich
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry/UMG-Laboratories, University Medical Center, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, Goettingen 37075, Germany.
| | - Abdul R Asif
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry/UMG-Laboratories, University Medical Center, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, Goettingen 37075, Germany.
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Petrova DT, Schultze FC, Brandhorst G, Luchs KD, Lenz C, Urlaub H, Rubel D, Gross O, Walson PD, Oellerich M. Effects of mycophenolate mofetil on kidney function and phosphorylation status of renal proteins in Alport COL4A3-deficient mice. Proteome Sci 2014; 12:56. [PMID: 25525413 PMCID: PMC4269973 DOI: 10.1186/s12953-014-0056-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We investigated the effects of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) on kidney function and on protein phosphorylation in a mouse model for the human Alport syndrome. Methods COL4A3-deficient (COL4A3−/−) mice were randomly allocated to receive a placebo (PLC COL4A3−/−) or MMF treatment (MMF COL4A3−/−). Wild type mice (WT) were used as controls. Changes in serum creatinine, total protein and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), concentrations of mycophenolic acid (MPA) and its glucuronide metabolite (MPAG), serum protein electrophoresis, urine dipstick chemistry and sediment were measured. Changes in the phosphorylation status of renal proteins and histology were analyzed. Results MMF influenced kidney function and protein phosphorylation. Serum creatinine and BUN were lower in MMF treated compared to PLC treated COL4A3−/− mice. Serum albumin and alpha-1 globulins were significantly decreased while serum creatinine, alpha-2 globulins, urine dipstick protein, leukocyte esterase, hemoglobin and red blood cells were all increased in both COL4A3−/− groups compared to WT. Differential 2DE-gel analysis identified six phosphorylated kidney protein spots that were significantly altered by MMF. Conclusions These data suggest that the MMF treatment in this murine model moderately improved kidney function and reversed the phosphorylation status of six renal phosphoprotein spots to that seen in WT mice. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12953-014-0056-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darinka Todorova Petrova
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37099 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Frank Christian Schultze
- Clinics of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Gunnar Brandhorst
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Klaus-Dieter Luchs
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Christof Lenz
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany ; Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Henning Urlaub
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany ; Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Diana Rubel
- Clinics of Nephrology and Rheumatology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Gross
- Clinics of Nephrology and Rheumatology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Philip D Walson
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Michael Oellerich
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
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5
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Abstract
Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) have long been considered important but unglamorous elements in the production of the protein synthesis machinery of the cell. Recently, however, several independent lines of evidence have indicated that these non-coding RNAs might have crucial roles in controlling cell behaviour, and snoRNA dysfunction could consequently contribute to oncogenesis in previously unsuspected ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwyn T Williams
- Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Huxley Building, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK.
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Immunodetection of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is restricted to tissue macrophages in normal rat liver and to recruited mononuclear phagocytes in liver injury and cholangiocarcinoma. Histochem Cell Biol 2011; 137:217-33. [PMID: 22131058 PMCID: PMC3262142 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-011-0889-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
It has been suggested that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-mediated prostaglandin synthesis is associated with liver inflammation and carcinogenesis. The aim of this study is to identify the cellular source of COX-2 expression in different stages, from acute liver injury through liver fibrosis to cholangiocarcinoma (CC). We induced in rats acute and "chronic" liver injury (thioacetamide (TAA) or carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4))) and CC development (TAA) and assessed COX-2 gene expression in normal and damaged liver tissue by RT-PCR of total RNA. The cellular localization of COX-2 protein in liver tissue was analyzed by immunohistochemistry as well as in isolated rat liver cells by Western blotting. The findings were compared with those obtained in human cirrhotic liver tissue. The specificity of the antibodies was tested by 2-DE Western blot and mass spectrometric identification of the positive protein spots. RT-PCR analysis of total RNA revealed an increase of hepatic COX-2 gene expression in acutely as well as "chronically" damaged liver. COX-2-protein was detected in those ED1(+)/ED2(+) cells located in the non-damaged tissue (resident tissue macrophages). In addition COX-2 positivity in inflammatory mononuclear phagocytes (ED1(+)/ED2(-)), which were also present within the tumoral tissue was detected. COX-2 protein was clearly detectable in isolated Kupffer cells as well as (at lower level) in isolated "inflammatory" macrophages. Similar results were obtained in human cirrhotic liver. COX-2 protein is constitutively detectable in liver tissue macrophages. Inflammatory mononuclear phagocytes contribute to the increase of COX-2 gene expression in acute and chronic liver damage induced by different toxins and in the CC microenvironment.
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Grigoryev YA, Kurian SM, Hart T, Nakorchevsky AA, Chen C, Campbell D, Head SR, Yates JR, Salomon DR. MicroRNA regulation of molecular networks mapped by global microRNA, mRNA, and protein expression in activated T lymphocytes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 187:2233-43. [PMID: 21788445 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1101233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate specific immune mechanisms, but their genome-wide regulation of T lymphocyte activation is largely unknown. We performed a multidimensional functional genomics analysis to integrate genome-wide differential mRNA, miRNA, and protein expression as a function of human T lymphocyte activation and time. We surveyed expression of 420 human miRNAs in parallel with genome-wide mRNA expression. We identified a unique signature of 71 differentially expressed miRNAs, 57 of which were previously not known as regulators of immune activation. The majority of miRNAs are upregulated, mRNA expression of these target genes is downregulated, and this is a function of binding multiple miRNAs (combinatorial targeting). Our data reveal that consideration of this complex signature, rather than single miRNAs, is necessary to construct a full picture of miRNA-mediated regulation. Molecular network mapping of miRNA targets revealed the regulation of activation-induced immune signaling. In contrast, pathways populated by genes that are not miRNA targets are enriched for metabolism and biosynthesis. Finally, we specifically validated miR-155 (known) and miR-221 (novel in T lymphocytes) using locked nucleic acid inhibitors. Inhibition of these two highly upregulated miRNAs in CD4(+) T cells was shown to increase proliferation by removing suppression of four target genes linked to proliferation and survival. Thus, multiple lines of evidence link top functional networks directly to T lymphocyte immunity, underlining the value of mapping global gene, protein, and miRNA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yevgeniy A Grigoryev
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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