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Heidari Z, Naeimzadeh Y, Fallahi J, Savardashtaki A, Razban V, Khajeh S. The Role of Tissue Factor In Signaling Pathways of Pathological Conditions and Angiogenesis. Curr Mol Med 2024; 24:1135-1151. [PMID: 37817529 DOI: 10.2174/0115665240258746230919165935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Tissue factor (TF) is an integral transmembrane protein associated with the extrinsic coagulation pathway. TF gene expression is regulated in response to inflammatory cytokines, bacterial lipopolysaccharides, and mechanical injuries. TF activity may be affected by phosphorylation of its cytoplasmic domain and alternative splicing. TF acts as the primary initiator of physiological hemostasis, which prevents local bleeding at the injury site. However, aberrant expression of TF, accompanied by the severity of diseases and infections under various pathological conditions, triggers multiple signaling pathways that support thrombosis, angiogenesis, inflammation, and metastasis. Protease-activated receptors (PARs) are central in the downstream signaling pathways of TF. In this study, we have reviewed the TF signaling pathways in different pathological conditions, such as wound injury, asthma, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), viral infections, cancer and pathological angiogenesis. Angiogenic activities of TF are critical in the repair of wound injuries and aggressive behavior of tumors, which are mainly performed by the actions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF1-α). Pro-inflammatory effects of TF have been reported in asthma, CVDs and viral infections, including COVID-19, which result in tissue hypertrophy, inflammation, and thrombosis. TF-FVII induces angiogenesis via clotting-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Clottingdependent angiogenesis is induced via the generation of thrombin and cross-linked fibrin network, which facilitate vessel infiltration and also act as a reservoir for endothelial cells (ECs) growth factors. Expression of TF in tumor cells and ECs triggers clotting-independent angiogenesis through induction of VEGF, urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPAR), early growth response 1 (EGR1), IL8, and cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (Cyr61).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Heidari
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Yasaman Naeimzadeh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Jafar Fallahi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Savardashtaki
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Infertility Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Vahid Razban
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sahar Khajeh
- Bone and Joint Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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2
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Rosmark O, Kadefors M, Dellgren G, Karlsson C, Ericsson A, Lindstedt S, Malmström J, Hallgren O, Larsson-Callerfelt AK, Westergren-Thorsson G. Alveolar epithelial cells are competent producers of interstitial extracellular matrix with disease relevant plasticity in a human in vitro 3D model. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8801. [PMID: 37258541 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35011-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Alveolar epithelial cells (AEC) have been implicated in pathological remodelling. We examined the capacity of AEC to produce extracellular matrix (ECM) and thereby directly contribute towards remodelling in chronic lung diseases. Cryopreserved type 2 AEC (AEC2) from healthy lungs and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) afflicted lungs were cultured in decellularized healthy human lung slices for 13 days. Healthy-derived AEC2 were treated with transforming growth factor ß1 (TGF-β1) to evaluate the plasticity of their ECM production. Evaluation of phenotypic markers and expression of matrisome genes and proteins were evaluated by RNA-sequencing, mass spectrometry and immunohistochemistry. The AEC2 displayed an AEC marker profile similar to freshly isolated AEC2 throughout the 13-day culture period. COPD-derived AECs proliferated as healthy AECs with few differences in gene and protein expression while retaining increased expression of disease marker HLA-A. The AEC2 expressed basement membrane components and a complex set of interstitial ECM proteins. TGF-β1 stimuli induced a significant change in interstitial ECM production from AEC2 without loss of specific AEC marker expression. This study reveals a previously unexplored potential of AEC to directly contribute to ECM turnover by producing interstitial ECM proteins, motivating a re-evaluation of the role of AEC2 in pathological lung remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Rosmark
- Lung Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC C12, 22184, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Måns Kadefors
- Lung Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC C12, 22184, Lund, Sweden
| | - Göran Dellgren
- Transplant Institute and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christofer Karlsson
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | - Johan Malmström
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Oskar Hallgren
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Genetic Polymorphisms Associated with Prothrombin Time and Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time in Chinese Healthy Population. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13101867. [PMID: 36292752 PMCID: PMC9602091 DOI: 10.3390/genes13101867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of gene polymorphisms on prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) in a healthy Chinese population. (2) Methods: A total of 403 healthy volunteers from a series of novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) bioequivalence trials in China were included. Coagulation tests for PT and APTT were performed in the central lab at Peking University First Hospital. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) and genome-wide association analysis were performed. (3) Results: In the correlation analysis of PT, 105 SNPs from 84 genes reached the genome-wide significance threshold (p < 1 × 10−5). Zinc Finger Protein 594 (ZNF594) rs184838268 (p = 4.50 × 10−19) was most significantly related to PT, and Actinin Alpha 1 (ACTN1) was found to interact most with other candidate genes. Significant associations with previously reported candidate genes Aurora Kinase B (AURKB), Complement C5(C5), Clock Circadian Regulator (CLOCK), and Histone Deacetylase 9(HDAC9) were detected in our dataset (p < 1 × 10−5). PiggyBac Transposable Element Derived 2(PGBD2) rs75935520 (p = 4.49 × 10−6), Bromodomain Adjacent To Zinc Finger Domain 2A(BAZ2A) rs199970765 (p = 5.69 × 10−6) and Protogenin (PRTG) rs80064850 (p = 8.69 × 10−6) were significantly correlated with APTT (p < 1 × 10−5). The heritability values of PT and APTT were 0.83 and 0.64, respectively; (4) Conclusion: The PT and APTT of healthy populations are affected by genetic polymorphisms. ZNF594 and ACTN1 variants could be novel genetic markers of PT, while PRTG polymorphisms might be associated with APTT levels. The findings could be attributed to ethnic differences, and need further investigation.
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4
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Huang Y, Li X, Zhu L, Huang C, Chen W, Ling Z, Zhu S, Feng X, Yi C, Gu W, Yan C, Wang J, Ma L, Su X, Dai R, Shi G, Sun B, Zhang Y. Thrombin cleaves IL-33 and modulates IL-33-activated allergic lung inflammation. Allergy 2022; 77:2104-2120. [PMID: 34995358 DOI: 10.1111/all.15210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organisms have orchestrated coagulation and immune systems. Although a link between inflammation and haemostasis has been reported in asthma, the interaction mechanism has not been completely elucidated. Here, we investigated the direct link between the mammalian immune and coagulation systems. METHODS Mice were administered protease or antigens intranasally to induce airway inflammation with or without thrombin inhibitors treatment. The effects of thrombin and its inhibitors on interleukin (IL)-33 were investigated both in vivo and in vitro. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and plasma from asthma patients are collected to verify the correlation between thrombin and group 2 innate lymphocytes (ILC2s). RESULTS Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH, an indirect inhibitor of thrombin) restrained both papain- and fungus-induced type 2 immune responses in mice by inhibiting IL-33 cleavage. Upon examining the potential thrombin protease consensus sites, we found that IL-33 was directly cleaved by thrombin at specific amino acids (R48 and R106) to generate a mature form of IL-33 with potent biological activity. In addition, we found that bivalirudin TFA (a direct inhibitor of thrombin) inhibited a variety of type 2 inflammatory responses, such as those in house dust mite (HDM)- and ovalbumin (OVA)-mediated pulmonary inflammation models. We found that plasma thrombin-antithrombin complex (TATc) levels in asthma patients were positively associated with the number and function of IL-33-responder group 2 innate lymphocytes (ILC2s) among peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from asthma patients. CONCLUSION The data suggested that thrombin inhibitors administration could be effective in treating lung inflammation by regulating ILC2s via IL-33 maturation, indicating that targeting thrombin is a potential way to treat allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China
| | - Xuezhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China
| | - Lin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China
| | - Chunrong Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Wen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China
| | - Zhiyang Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China
| | - SongLing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China
| | - Xintong Feng
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute Pasteur of Shanghai Shanghai China
| | - Chunyan Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China
| | - Wangpeng Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China
| | - Chenghua Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University Wulumuqi China
| | - Liyan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China
| | - Xiao Su
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute Pasteur of Shanghai Shanghai China
| | - Ranran Dai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Guochao Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Bing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China
| | - Yaguang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China
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Coden ME, Loffredo LF, Walker MT, Jeong BM, Nam K, Bochner BS, Abdala-Valencia H, Berdnikovs S. Fibrinogen Is a Specific Trigger for Cytolytic Eosinophil Degranulation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 204:438-448. [PMID: 31818982 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In inflamed human tissues, we often find intact eosinophilic granules, but not eosinophils themselves. Eosinophils, tissue-dwelling granulocytes with several homeostatic roles, have a surprising association with fibrinogen and tissue remodeling. Fibrinogen is a complex glycoprotein with regulatory roles in hemostasis, tumor development, wound healing, and atherogenesis. Despite its significance, the functional link between eosinophils and fibrinogen is not understood. We tested IL-5-primed mouse bone marrow-derived and human blood-sorted eosinophil activity against FITC-linked fibrinogen substrates. The interactions between these scaffolds and adhering eosinophils were quantified using three-dimensional laser spectral, confocal, and transmission electron microscopy. Eosinophils were labeled with major basic protein (MBP) Ab to visualize granules and assessed by flow cytometry. Both mouse and human eosinophils showed firm adhesion and degraded up to 27 ± 3.1% of the substrate area. This co-occurred with active MBP-positive granule release and the expression of integrin CD11b. Mass spectrometry analysis of fibrinogen proteolytic reactions detected the presence of eosinophil peroxidase, MBP, and fibrin α-, β-, and γ-chains. Eosinophil activity was adhesion dependent, as a blocking Ab against CD11b significantly reduced adhesion, degranulation, and fibrinogenolysis. Although adhered, eosinophils exhibited no proteolytic activity on collagen matrices. Cytolytic degranulation was defined by loss of membrane integrity, cell death, and presence of cell-free granules. From transmission electron microscopy images, we observed only fibrinogen-exposed eosinophils undergoing this process. To our knowledge, this is the first report to show that fibrinogen is a specific trigger for cytolytic eosinophil degranulation with implications in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie E Coden
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611; and
| | - Lucas F Loffredo
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611; and
| | - Matthew T Walker
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611; and
| | - Brian M Jeong
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611; and
| | - Kiwon Nam
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611; and
| | - Bruce S Bochner
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611; and
| | - Hiam Abdala-Valencia
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Sergejs Berdnikovs
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611; and
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6
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Imoto Y, Kato A, Takabayashi T, Stevens W, Norton JE, Suh LA, Carter RG, Weibman AR, Hulse KE, Harris KE, Peters AT, Grammer LC, Tan BK, Welch K, Shintani-Smith S, Conley DB, Kern RC, Fujieda S, Schleimer RP. Increased thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor levels in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 144:1566-1574.e6. [PMID: 31562871 PMCID: PMC6900453 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a heterogeneous chronic inflammatory disease subdivided based on the presence or absence of nasal polyps (NPs). Histologic features of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) include inflammatory cell infiltration and excessive fibrin deposition in NPs. Thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) is an enzyme that plays an antifibrinolytic role in the body. The significance of TAFI has been documented in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases, including chronic lung disease; however, it has not been evaluated in the pathogenesis of NPs. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential role of TAFI in the pathogenesis of NPs. METHODS Nasal lavage fluid was collected from control subjects and patients with CRS. We measured levels of thrombin/anti-thrombin complex (TATc) and TAFI protein using an ELISA. RESULTS TATc levels in nasal lavage fluid were significantly increased in patients with CRSwNP and patients with chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) compared with control subjects, and TAFI levels in nasal lavage fluid were also significantly increased in patients with CRSwNP compared with those in control subjects and patients with CRSsNP. There was a significant correlation between TATc and TAFI levels in nasal lavage fluid. Interestingly, patients with CRS and asthma showed increased TATc and TAFI levels in nasal lavage fluid compared with those in patients with CRS without asthma, especially patients with CRSwNP. CONCLUSIONS Increased TATc and TAFI levels in nasal passages of patients with CRSwNP might participate in fibrin deposition in NPs and might play a role in the pathogenesis of CRSwNP and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimasa Imoto
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill; Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Kato
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill; Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Tetsuji Takabayashi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Whitney Stevens
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - James E Norton
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Lydia A Suh
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Roderick G Carter
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Ava R Weibman
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Kathryn E Hulse
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Kathleen E Harris
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Anju T Peters
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Leslie C Grammer
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Bruce K Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Kevin Welch
- Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | | | - David B Conley
- Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Robert C Kern
- Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Shigeharu Fujieda
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Robert P Schleimer
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
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Stroo I, Ding C, Novak A, Yang J, Roelofs JJTH, Meijers JCM, Revenko AS, van 't Veer C, Zeerleder S, Crosby JR, van der Poll T. Inhibition of the extrinsic or intrinsic coagulation pathway during pneumonia-derived sepsis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2018; 315:L799-L809. [PMID: 30136609 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00014.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pneumonia is the most frequent cause of sepsis, and Klebsiella pneumoniae is a common pathogen in pneumonia and sepsis. Infection is associated with activation of the coagulation system. Coagulation can be activated by the extrinsic and intrinsic routes, mediated by factor VII (FVII) and factor XII (FXII), respectively. To determine the role of FVII and FXII in the host response during pneumonia-derived sepsis, mice were treated with specific antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) directed at FVII or FXII for 3 wk before infection with K. pneumoniae via the airways. FVII ASO treatment strongly inhibited hepatic FVII mRNA expression, reduced plasma FVII to ~25% of control, and selectively prolonged the prothrombin time. FXII ASO treatment strongly suppressed hepatic FXII mRNA expression, reduced plasma FXII to ~20% of control, and selectively prolonged the activated partial thromboplastin time. Lungs also expressed FVII mRNA, which was not altered by FVII ASO administration. Very low FXII mRNA levels were detected in lungs, which were not modified by FXII ASO treatment. FVII ASO attenuated systemic activation of coagulation but did not influence fibrin deposition in lung tissue. FVII ASO enhanced bacterial loads in lungs and mitigated sepsis-induced distant organ injury. FXII inhibition did not affect any of the host response parameters measured. These results suggest that partial inhibition of FVII, but not of FXII, modifies the host response to gram-negative pneumonia-derived sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Stroo
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Chao Ding
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University , Nanjing , China
| | - Andreja Novak
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Jack Yang
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Joris J T H Roelofs
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Joost C M Meijers
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,Department of Plasma Proteins, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Alexey S Revenko
- Drug Discovery and Corporate Development, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Incorporated, Carlsbad, California
| | - Cornelis van 't Veer
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Sacha Zeerleder
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,Department of Hematology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Jeff R Crosby
- Drug Discovery and Corporate Development, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Incorporated, Carlsbad, California
| | - Tom van der Poll
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
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8
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Howell C, Smith JR, Shute JK. Targeting matrix metalloproteinase-13 in bronchial epithelial repair. Clin Exp Allergy 2018; 48:1214-1221. [PMID: 29924890 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viral infection of the bronchial epithelium disrupts the barrier properties of the epithelium in healthy individuals and those with lung disease. Repair of the bronchial epithelium is dependent of the formation of a provisional fibrin matrix and migration of epithelial cells to cover denuded areas, followed by proliferation and differentiation. OBJECTIVE The objective was to test the hypothesis that poly I:C, a model of viral infection, limits epithelial repair through the stimulated release of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13). METHODS Confluent layers of cultured normal human primary bronchial epithelial cells (NHBE) and SV-40 virus-transformed 16HBE14o- bronchial epithelial cells were mechanically wounded, and video microscopy used to measure the rate of wound closure over 2 hours, in the absence and presence of poly I:C (1-20 μg/mL). MMP-13, tissue factor and endothelin release were measured by ELISA. The effect of inhibitors of MMP-13 activity and expression and a nonspecific endothelin receptor antagonist, bosentan, on the rate of epithelial repair was investigated. RESULTS Poly I:C limited the rate of epithelial repair, and NHBE were significantly more sensitive to poly I:C effects than 16HBE14o- cells. NHBE, but not 16HBE14o-, released MMP-13 in response to poly I:C. Inhibitors of MMP-13 activity (WAY 170523) and expression (dimethyl fumarate) significantly enhanced the rate of repair. Bosentan enhanced the rate of bronchial epithelial repair by a mechanism that was independent of MMP-13. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Bronchial epithelial repair is limited by endothelin and by MMP-13, a protease that degrades coagulation factors, such as fibrinogen, and matrix proteins essential for epithelial repair. Further studies with primary cells from patients are needed to confirm whether repurposing bosentan and inhibitors of MMP-13 expression or activity, for inhalation may be a useful therapeutic strategy in diseases where repeated cycles of epithelial injury and repair occur, such as asthma and COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Howell
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - James R Smith
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Janis K Shute
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
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9
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Imoto Y, Kato A, Takabayashi T, Sakashita M, Norton JE, Suh LA, Carter RG, Weibman AR, Hulse KE, Stevens W, Harris KE, Peters AT, Grammer LC, Tan BK, Welch K, Conley DB, Kern RC, Fujieda S, Schleimer RP. Short-chain fatty acids induce tissue plasminogen activator in airway epithelial cells via GPR41&43. Clin Exp Allergy 2018; 48:544-554. [PMID: 29431874 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a heterogeneous chronic inflammatory disease generally divided based on the presence or absence of nasal polyps (NPs). One of the features of NPs is excessive fibrin deposition, which is associated with down-regulation of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) in NPs. As t-PA is expressed in epithelial cells, and epithelium is readily accessible to topical therapies, identifying compounds that can mediate the induction of t-PA would be a potential new strategy for the treatment of NPs. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine whether short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) can induce t-PA in airway epithelial cells via their known receptors GPR41 and GPR43. METHODS We performed immunohistochemistry (IHC) to determine whether receptors for SCFAs, known as G protein-coupled receptor 41/free fatty acid receptor 3 (GPR41/FFAR3) and GPR43/FFAR2, are expressed in nasal tissue. Primary normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells were stimulated with different concentrations of SCFAs to test induction of t-PA, which was analysed by expression of mRNA and protein. Mediation of responses by SCFA receptors was evaluated by specific receptor gene silencing with siRNA. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry study revealed that airway epithelial cells expressed GPR41 and GPR43. Acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and valeric acid significantly induced t-PA expression from two- to tenfolds. The strongest inducer of t-PA from NHBE cells was propionic acid; cells stimulated with propionic acid released t-PA into the supernatant in its active form. Gene silencing of GPR41 and GPR43 revealed that induction of t-PA by SCFAs was dependent upon both GPR41 and GPR43. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Short-chain fatty acids were shown to induce airway epithelial cell expression of t-PA via GPR41 and GPR43. Topical delivery of potent compounds that activate these receptors may have value by reducing fibrin deposition and shrinking nasal polyp growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Imoto
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - A Kato
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - T Takabayashi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - M Sakashita
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - J E Norton
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - L A Suh
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - R G Carter
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - A R Weibman
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - K E Hulse
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - W Stevens
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - K E Harris
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - A T Peters
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - L C Grammer
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - B K Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - K Welch
- Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - D B Conley
- Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - R C Kern
- Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - S Fujieda
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - R P Schleimer
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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10
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Camateros P, Kanagaratham C, Najdekr L, Holub D, Vrbkova J, Coté L, Fournier J, Gourdon J, Creery D, Olivenstein R, Kopriva F, Adam T, Friedecký D, Džubák P, Hajdúch M, Radzioch D. Toll-Like Receptor 7/8 Ligand, S28463, Suppresses Ascaris suum-induced Allergic Asthma in Nonhuman Primates. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2018; 58:55-65. [PMID: 28850259 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0184oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
S28463 (S28), a ligand for Toll-like receptor 7/8, has been shown to have antiinflammatory properties in rodent models of allergic asthma. The principle goal of this study was to assess whether these antiinflammatory effects can also be observed in a nonhuman primate (NHP) model of allergic asthma. NHPs were sensitized then challenged with natural allergen, Ascaris suum extract. The animals were treated with S28 orally before each allergen challenge. The protective effect of S28 in NHPs was assessed by measuring various asthma-related phenotypes. We also characterized the metabolomic and proteomic signatures of the lung environment and plasma to identify markers associated with the disease and treatment. Our data demonstrate that clinically relevant parameters, such as wheal and flare response, blood IgE levels, recruitment of white blood cells to the bronchoalveolar space, and lung responsiveness, are decreased in the S28-treated allergic NHPs compared with nontreated allergic NHPs. Furthermore, we also identified markers that can distinguish allergic from nonallergic or allergic and drug-treated NHPs, such as metabolites, phosphocreatine and glutathione, in the plasma and BAL fluid, respectively; and inflammatory cytokines, IL-5 and IL-13, in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Our preclinical study demonstrates that S28 has potential as a treatment for allergic asthma in primate species closely related to humans. Combined with our previous findings, we demonstrate that S28 is effective in different models of asthma and in different species, and has the antiinflammatory properties clinically relevant for the treatment of allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Camateros
- 1 Faculty of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cynthia Kanagaratham
- 1 Faculty of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,2 The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lukáš Najdekr
- 3 Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Dušan Holub
- 3 Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Vrbkova
- 3 Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Coté
- 2 The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,4 Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique at the Armand Frappier, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jocelyn Fournier
- 5 Sir Frederick G. Banting Research Centre, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jim Gourdon
- 6 Comparative Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - David Creery
- 7 Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Pediatric Critical Care, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ron Olivenstein
- 8 Respiratory Division, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Frantisek Kopriva
- 3 Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.,9 Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic; and
| | - Tomáš Adam
- 3 Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - David Friedecký
- 3 Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Džubák
- 3 Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marian Hajdúch
- 3 Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Danuta Radzioch
- 1 Faculty of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,2 The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,10 Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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11
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Graf C, Ruf W. Tissue factor as a mediator of coagulation and signaling in cancer and chronic inflammation. Thromb Res 2018; 164 Suppl 1:S143-S147. [PMID: 29703473 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2018.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Thrombosis is frequently diagnosed as a first symptom in tumor patients and the clinical management of hypercoagulability in cancer patients remains challenging due to concomitant changes in risk factors for severe bleeding. It therefore remains a priority to better understand interactions of the hemostatic system with cancer biology. Specifically, further research is needed to elucidate the details and effects of new anticoagulants on extravascular coagulation and the interplay between cancer progression and chronic inflammation. In addition, it will be important to identify subgroups of cancer patients benefiting from specific modulations of the coagulation system without increasing the bleeding risk. Here, we review recent findings on tissue factor (TF) regulation, its procoagulant activity and TF signaling in the various cell types of the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudine Graf
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Wolfram Ruf
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
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12
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Langwinski W, Narozna B, Lackie PM, Holloway JW, Szczepankiewicz A. Comparison of miRNA profiling during airway epithelial repair in undifferentiated and differentiated cells in vitro. J Appl Genet 2016; 58:205-212. [DOI: 10.1007/s13353-016-0370-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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13
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Bazan-Socha S, Mastalerz L, Cybulska A, Zareba L, Kremers R, Zabczyk M, Pulka G, Iwaniec T, Hemker C, Undas A. Asthma is associated with enhanced thrombin formation and impaired fibrinolysis. Clin Exp Allergy 2016; 46:932-44. [PMID: 27019085 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence that altered blood coagulation and fibrinolysis are involved in the pathogenesis of asthma. Increased thromboembolic risk has been reported in asthmatics. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether enhanced thrombin generation and impaired fibrinolysis occur in asthmatics. METHODS Plasma thrombin generation profile together with a computational assessment of thrombin dynamics and fibrinolytic capacity expressed as clot lysis time (CLT) were determined in 164 consecutive patients with stable asthma and 72 controls matched for age, gender, weight and smoking. RESULTS Asthma patients had 20.2% increased endogenous thrombin potential (ETP), 41.4% higher peak thrombin concentration, 61% higher maximal prothrombin conversion rate, 15.5% faster rate of thrombin formation (all, P < 0.0001) and 10% lower thrombin decay capacity (P = 0.0004) compared with controls. Asthmatics had also 14.4% longer CLT (P = 0.001) associated with 21.3% higher plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) (P < 0.0001), and 13% higher plasma α2 -macroglobulin (P = 0.0002). Using ETP and CLT above 75th percentile of the control values as the cut-off levels, we found increased risks of enhanced thrombin generation and hypofibrinolysis in asthmatics, also after correction for potential confounders. ETP and CLT were associated inversely with forced expiratory volume in 1 s/vital capacity (FEV1 /VC) index, after adjustment for age and body mass index. Non-allergic asthma (n = 70, 42.6%) was characterized by 17.5% longer CLT (P = 0.02), which positively associated with PAI-1. Thrombin generation profile was not affected by allergy. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Asthma is associated with enhanced thrombin generation and impaired fibrinolysis, which might contribute to thromboembolic events in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bazan-Socha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - L Mastalerz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - A Cybulska
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - L Zareba
- Department of Differential Equations and Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - R Kremers
- Synapse bv, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - M Zabczyk
- Centre for Medical Research and Technologies, The John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland
| | - G Pulka
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, University Hospital, Krakow, Poland
| | - T Iwaniec
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - C Hemker
- Synapse bv, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - A Undas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.,Centre for Medical Research and Technologies, The John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland.,Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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14
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Konstantinou F, Potaris K, Syrigos KN, Tsipas P, Karagkiouzis G, Konstantinou M. A Novel Technique to Treat Air Leak Following Lobectomy: Intrapleural Infusion of Plasma. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:1258-64. [PMID: 27079644 PMCID: PMC4835152 DOI: 10.12659/msm.895134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Persistent air leak following pulmonary lobectomy can be very difficult to treat and results in prolonged hospitalization. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a new method of postoperative air leak management using intrapleurally infused fresh frozen plasma via the chest tube. Material/Methods Between June 2008 and June 2014, we retrospectively reviewed 98 consecutive patients who underwent lobectomy for lung cancer and postoperatively developed persistent air leak treated with intrapleural instillation of fresh frozen plasma. Results The study identified 89 men and 9 women, with a median age of 65.5 years (range 48–77 years), with persistent postoperative air leak. Intrapleural infusion of fresh frozen plasma was successful in stopping air leaks in 90 patients (92%) within 24 hours, and in 96 patients (98%) within 48 hours, following resumption of the procedure. In the remaining 2, air leak ceased at 14 and 19 days. Conclusions Intrapleural infusion of fresh frozen plasma is a safe, inexpensive, and remarkably effective method for treatment of persistent air leak following lobectomy for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Froso Konstantinou
- Oncology Unit, 3rd Internal Medicine Clinic of Athens University, Sotiria General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Potaris
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, 3rd Internal Medicine Clinic of Athens University, Sotiria General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos N Syrigos
- Oncology Unit, 3rd Internal Medicine Clinic of Athens University, Sotiria General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Panteleimon Tsipas
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, 3rd Internal Medicine Clinic of Athens University, General Hospital Sotiria, Athens, Greece
| | - Grigorios Karagkiouzis
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, 3rd Internal Medicine Clinic of Athens University, General Hospital Sotiria, Athens, Greece
| | - Marios Konstantinou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, 3rd Internal Medicine Clinic of Athens University, General Hospital Sotiria, Athens, Greece
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15
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Abdala Valencia H, Loffredo LF, Misharin AV, Berdnikovs S. Phenotypic plasticity and targeting of Siglec-F(high) CD11c(low) eosinophils to the airway in a murine model of asthma. Allergy 2016; 71:267-71. [PMID: 26414117 DOI: 10.1111/all.12776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Eosinophil recruitment in asthma is a multistep process, involving both trans-endothelial migration to the lung interstitium and trans-epithelial migration into the airways. While the trans-endothelial step is well studied, trans-epithelial recruitment is less understood. To contrast eosinophil recruitment between these two compartments, we employed a murine kinetics model of asthma. Eosinophils were phenotyped by multicolor flow cytometry in digested lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) simultaneously, 6 h after each ovalbumin (OVA) challenge. There was an early expansion of tissue eosinophils after OVA challenge followed by eosinophil buildup in both compartments and a shift in phenotype over the course of the asthma model. Gradual transition from a Siglec-F(med) CD11c(-) to a Siglec-F(high) CD11c(low) phenotype in lung tissue was associated with eosinophil recruitment to the airways, as all BAL eosinophils were of the latter phenotype. Secondary microarray analysis of tissue-activated eosinophils demonstrated upregulation of specific integrin and chemokine receptor signature suggesting interaction with the mucosa. Using adhesion assays, we demonstrated that integrin CD11c mediated adhesion of eosinophils to fibrinogen, a significant component of epithelial barrier repair and remodeling. To the best of our knowledge, this is the only report to date dissecting compartmentalization of eosinophil recruitment as it unfolds during allergic inflammation. By capturing the kinetics of eosinophil phenotypic change in both tissue and BAL using flow cytometry and sorting, we were able to demonstrate a previously undocumented association between phenotypic shift of tissue-recruited eosinophils and their trans-epithelial movement, which implicates the existence of a specific mechanism targeting these cells to mucosal airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Abdala Valencia
- Division of Allergy-Immunology; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; Chicago IL USA
| | - L. F. Loffredo
- Division of Allergy-Immunology; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; Chicago IL USA
| | - A. V. Misharin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; Chicago IL USA
| | - S. Berdnikovs
- Division of Allergy-Immunology; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; Chicago IL USA
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16
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Kim DY, Cho SH, Takabayashi T, Schleimer RP. Chronic Rhinosinusitis and the Coagulation System. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2015; 7:421-30. [PMID: 26122502 PMCID: PMC4509654 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2015.7.5.421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is one of the most common chronic diseases in adults and severely affects quality of life in patients. Although various etiologic and pathogenic mechanisms of CRS have been proposed, the causes of CRS remain uncertain. Abnormalities in the coagulation cascade may play an etiologic role in many diseases, such as asthma and other inflammatory conditions. While studies on the relationship between asthma and dysregulated coagulation have been reported, the role of the coagulation system in the pathogenesis of CRS has only been considered following recent reports. Excessive fibrin deposition is seen in nasal polyp (NP) tissue from patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp (CRSwNP) and is associated with activation of thrombin, reduction of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and upregulation of coagulation factor XIII-A (FXIII-A), all events that can contribute to fibrin deposition and crosslinking. These findings were reproduced in a murine model of NP that was recently established. Elucidation of the mechanisms of fibrin deposition may enhance our understanding of tissue remodeling in the pathophysiology of NP and provide new targets for the treatment of CRSwNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Young Kim
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.; Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong H Cho
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tetsuji Takabayashi
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.; Division of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Sensory and Locomotor Medicine, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Robert P Schleimer
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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17
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Lopez-Gordo E, Denby L, Nicklin SA, Baker AH. The importance of coagulation factors binding to adenovirus: historical perspectives and implications for gene delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2014; 11:1795-813. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2014.938637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Estrella Lopez-Gordo
- University of Glasgow, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Laura Denby
- University of Glasgow, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Stuart A Nicklin
- University of Glasgow, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Andrew H Baker
- University of Glasgow, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK ;
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18
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H7N9 and other pathogenic avian influenza viruses elicit a three-pronged transcriptomic signature that is reminiscent of 1918 influenza virus and is associated with lethal outcome in mice. J Virol 2014; 88:10556-68. [PMID: 24991006 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00570-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Modulating the host response is a promising approach to treating influenza, caused by a virus whose pathogenesis is determined in part by the reaction it elicits within the host. Though the pathogenicity of emerging H7N9 influenza virus in several animal models has been reported, these studies have not included a detailed characterization of the host response following infection. Therefore, we characterized the transcriptomic response of BALB/c mice infected with H7N9 (A/Anhui/01/2013) virus and compared it to the responses induced by H5N1 (A/Vietnam/1203/2004), H7N7 (A/Netherlands/219/2003), and pandemic 2009 H1N1 (A/Mexico/4482/2009) influenza viruses. We found that responses to the H7 subtype viruses were intermediate to those elicited by H5N1 and pdm09H1N1 early in infection but that they evolved to resemble the H5N1 response as infection progressed. H5N1, H7N7, and H7N9 viruses were pathogenic in mice, and this pathogenicity correlated with increased transcription of cytokine response genes and decreased transcription of lipid metabolism and coagulation signaling genes. This three-pronged transcriptomic signature was observed in mice infected with pathogenic H1N1 strains such as the 1918 virus, indicating that it may be predictive of pathogenicity across multiple influenza virus strains. Finally, we used host transcriptomic profiling to computationally predict drugs that reverse the host response to H7N9 infection, and we identified six FDA-approved drugs that could potentially be repurposed to treat H7N9 and other pathogenic influenza viruses. IMPORTANCE Emerging avian influenza viruses are of global concern because the human population is immunologically naive to them. Current influenza drugs target viral molecules, but the high mutation rate of influenza viruses eventually leads to the development of antiviral resistance. As the host evolves far more slowly than the virus, and influenza pathogenesis is determined in part by the host response, targeting the host response is a promising approach to treating influenza. Here we characterize the host transcriptomic response to emerging H7N9 influenza virus and compare it with the responses to H7N7, H5N1, and pdm09H1N1. All three avian viruses were pathogenic in mice and elicited a transcriptomic signature that also occurs in response to the legendary 1918 influenza virus. Our work identifies host responses that could be targeted to treat severe H7N9 influenza and identifies six FDA-approved drugs that could potentially be repurposed as H7N9 influenza therapeutics.
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19
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Miyake Y, D'Alessandro-Gabazza CN, Takagi T, Naito M, Hataji O, Nakahara H, Yuda H, Fujimoto H, Kobayashi H, Yasuma T, Toda M, Kobayashi T, Yano Y, Morser J, Taguchi O, Gabazza EC. Dose-dependent differential effects of thrombin in allergic bronchial asthma. J Thromb Haemost 2013; 11:1903-15. [PMID: 23964923 DOI: 10.1111/jth.12392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apart from its role in the coagulation system, thrombin plays an important role in the inflammatory response through its protease-activated receptors (PARs). However, the role of thrombin in the immune response is not clear. OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether thrombin has a modulatory role in allergic bronchial asthma. METHODS Bronchial asthma was induced in mice by intraperitoneal sensitization and inhalation challenge with ovalbumin. Thrombin or its inhibitors were administered by inhalation before each allergen challenge. RESULTS Mice with low but sustained coagulation activation had reduced allergic inflammation, and allergic asthma was inhibited by low doses of thrombin but worsened by high doses. Allergic asthma was worsened by antithrombin, argatroban, hirudin, and anti-thrombomodulin antibody. Mice with a higher level of an inhibitor of both thrombin and activated protein C had worse disease. Heterozygous PAR-1 mice had less allergic inflammation, but PAR-1 agonist worsened it. Allergic bronchial inflammation was worsened in mice that received adoptive transfer of PAR-1 agonist-treated Th2 cells as compared with controls. Low levels of thrombin suppressed the maturation and secretion of cytokines in dendritic cells, but high levels enhanced this. CONCLUSIONS The effects of thrombin on allergic asthma are dose-dependent, with detrimental effects at high doses and protective effects at low doses. These data demonstrate that thrombin modulates the outcome in allergic bronchial asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Miyake
- Department of Immunology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
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20
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Macrophage heterogeneity in respiratory diseases. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:769214. [PMID: 23533311 PMCID: PMC3600198 DOI: 10.1155/2013/769214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are among the most abundant cells in the respiratory tract, and they can have strikingly different phenotypes within this environment. Our knowledge of the different phenotypes and their functions in the lung is sketchy at best, but they appear to be linked to the protection of gas exchange against microbial threats and excessive tissue responses. Phenotypical changes of macrophages within the lung are found in many respiratory diseases including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and pulmonary fibrosis. This paper will give an overview of what macrophage phenotypes have been described, what their known functions are, what is known about their presence in the different obstructive and restrictive respiratory diseases (asthma, COPD, pulmonary fibrosis), and how they are thought to contribute to the etiology and resolution of these diseases.
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21
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Takabayashi T, Kato A, Peters AT, Hulse KE, Suh LA, Carter R, Norton J, Grammer LC, Cho SH, Tan BK, Chandra RK, Conley DB, Kern RC, Fujieda S, Schleimer RP. Excessive fibrin deposition in nasal polyps caused by fibrinolytic impairment through reduction of tissue plasminogen activator expression. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2012; 187:49-57. [PMID: 23155140 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201207-1292oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Nasal polyps (NPs) are characterized by intense edema or formation of pseudocysts filled with plasma proteins, mainly albumin. However, the mechanisms underlying NP retention of plasma proteins in their submucosa remain unclear. OBJECTIVES We hypothesized that formation of a fibrin mesh retains plasma proteins in NPs. We assessed the fibrin deposition and expression of the components of the fibrinolytic system in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). METHODS We assessed fibrin deposition in nasal tissue from patients with CRS and control subjects by means of immunofluorescence. Fibrinolytic components, d-dimer, and plasminogen activators were measured using ELISA, real-time PCR, and immunohistochemistry. We also performed gene expression and protein quantification analysis in cultured airway epithelial cells. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Immunofluorescence data showed profound fibrin deposition in NP compared with uncinate tissue (UT) from patients with CRS and control subjects. Levels of the cross-linked fibrin cleavage product protein, d-dimer, were significantly decreased in NP compared with UT from patients with CRS and control subjects, suggesting reduced fibrinolysis (P < 0.05). Expression levels of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) mRNA and protein were significantly decreased in NP compared with UT from patients with CRS and control subjects (P < 0.01). Immunohistochemistry demonstrated clear reduction of t-PA in NP, primarily in the epithelium and glands. Th2 cytokine-stimulated cultured airway epithelial cells showed down-regulation of t-PA, suggesting a potential Th2 mechanism in NP. CONCLUSIONS A Th2-mediated reduction of t-PA might lead to excessive fibrin deposition in the submucosa of NP, which might contribute to the tissue remodeling and pathogenesis of CRS with nasal polyps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuji Takabayashi
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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22
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Ahmad S, Ahmad A, Rancourt RC, Neeves KB, Loader JE, Hendry-Hofer T, Di Paola J, Reynolds SD, White CW. Tissue factor signals airway epithelial basal cell survival via coagulation and protease-activated receptor isoforms 1 and 2. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2012; 48:94-104. [PMID: 23065128 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2012-0189oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue factor (TF) initiates the extrinsic coagulation cascade and is a high-affinity receptor for coagulation factor VII. TF also participates in protease-activated receptor (PAR)1 and PAR2 activation. Human epithelial basal cells were previously purified on the basis of TF expression. The purpose of this study was to determine if tracheobronchial epithelial basal cell-associated TF drives coagulation and/or activates PARs to promote basal cell functions. We used human tracheobronchial tissues to isolate human airway epithelial cells using specific cell surface markers by flow cytometry and studied TF expression by immunostaining. TF-dependent fibrin network formation was observed by confocal and scanning electron microscopy. TF knockdown was done using short hairpin RNA, and TF mRNA was measured using quantitative RT-PCR. We found that 97 ± 5% of first-passage human tracheobronchial epithelial cells were basal cells, and 100% of these basal cells expressed TF. Basal cell-associated TF was active, but TF activity was dependent on added extrinsic coagulation cascade factors. TF inhibition caused basal cell apoptosis and necrosis. This was due to two parallel but interdependent TF-regulated processes: failure to generate a basal cell-associated fibrin network and suboptimal PAR1 and PAR2 activity. The data indicate that membrane surface TF mediates airway epithelial basal cell attachment, which maintains cell survival and mitotic potential. The implications of these findings are discussed in the context of basal cell-associated TF activity in normal and injured tissues and of the potential for repair of airway epithelium in lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shama Ahmad
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA.
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23
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Abstract
Asthma is a chronic airway disease characterized by paroxysmal airflow obstruction evoked by irritative stimuli on a background of allergic lung inflammation. Currently, there is no cure for asthma, only symptomatic treatment. In recent years, our understanding of the involvement of coagulation and anticoagulant pathways, the fibrinolytic system, and platelets in the pathophysiology of asthma has increased considerably. Asthma is associated with a procoagulant state in the bronchoalveolar space, further aggravated by impaired local activities of the anticoagulant protein C system and fibrinolysis. Protease-activated receptors have been implicated as the molecular link between coagulation and allergic inflammation in asthma. This review summarizes current knowledge of the impact of the disturbed hemostatic balance in the lungs on asthma severity and manifestations and identifies new possible targets for asthma treatment.
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24
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Bastarache JA, Sebag SC, Grove BS, Ware LB. Interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α act synergistically to up-regulate tissue factor in alveolar epithelial cells. Exp Lung Res 2012; 37:509-17. [PMID: 21913843 DOI: 10.3109/01902148.2011.605512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Fibrin deposition mediated through activation of tissue factor (TF) in the airspace is central to the pathogenesis of acute lung injury. Defining the mechanisms of TF regulation in the lung is critical to understanding pulmonary fibrin formation. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) up-regulates TF in the injured lung, and there is emerging evidence that another cytokine, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), also modulates expression. The effects of TNF-α and IFN-γ on regulation of TF were studied in alveolar epithelial A549 cells. In addition, potential mechanisms of modulation of TF expression by the 2 cytokines were analyzed with the hypothesis that IFN-γ acts synergistically with TNF-α to up-regulate alveolar epithelial TF through modulation of TNF receptor (TNFR) expression. TNF-α but not IFN-γ treatment increased TF mRNA, protein, and cell surface TF activity. The combination of IFN-γ and TNF-α treatment augmented the effects of TNF-α on TF up-regulation and also increased release of procoagulant microparticles (MPs) from A549 cells. IFN-γ modulated expression of both TNF-α receptors. Studies utilizing neutralizing antibodies against the two TNF receptors showed that the TF effects were mediated primarily through augmentation of TNFR1-dependent cellular responses. These findings have important implications for regulation of fibrin formation in the lung in the setting of acute inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Bastarache
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
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25
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Coagulation factor IX mediates serotype-specific binding of species A adenoviruses to host cells. J Virol 2011; 85:13420-31. [PMID: 21976659 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.06088-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Human species A adenoviruses (HAdVs) comprise three serotypes: HAdV-12, -18, and -31. These viruses are common pathogens and cause systemic infections that usually involve the airways and/or intestine. In immunocompromised individuals, species A adenoviruses in general, and HAdV-31 in particular, cause life-threatening infections. By combining binding and infection experiments, we demonstrate that coagulation factor IX (FIX) efficiently enhances binding and infection by HAdV-18 and HAdV-31, but not by HAdV-12, in epithelial cells originating from the airways or intestine. This is markedly different from the mechanism for HAdV-5 and other human adenoviruses, which utilize coagulation factor X (FX) for infection of host cells. Surface plasmon resonance experiments revealed that the affinity of the HAdV-31 hexon-FIX interaction is higher than that of the HAdV-5 hexon-FX interaction and that the half-lives of these interactions are profoundly different. Moreover, both HAdV-31-FIX and HAdV-5-FX complexes bind to heparan sulfate-containing glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) on target cells, but binding studies utilizing cells expressing specific GAGs and GAG-cleaving enzymes revealed differences in GAG dependence and specificity between these two complexes. These findings add to our understanding of the intricate infection pathways used by human adenoviruses, and they may contribute to better design of HAdV-based vectors for gene and cancer therapy. Furthermore, the interaction between the HAdV-31 hexon and FIX may also serve as a target for antiviral treatment.
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26
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Orosz ZZ, Katona É, Facskó A, Módis L, Muszbek L, Berta A. Factor XIII subunits in human tears; their highly elevated levels following penetrating keratoplasty. Clin Chim Acta 2010; 412:271-6. [PMID: 20974119 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2010.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Revised: 10/18/2010] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As blood coagulation factor XIII (FXIII) is of high importance in wound healing, we determined the concentrations of FXIII A and B subunits (FXIII-A and FXIII-B) and their complex (FXIII-A(2)B(2)) in normal tears and in tears from patients undergoing penetrating keratoplasty (PKP). METHODS FXIII complex and subunit concentrations were measured by highly sensitive chemiluminescent ELISAs in tears from 60 healthy volunteers and from 31 patients undergoing corneal transplantation. RESULTS In non-stimulated tears from healthy volunteers, low but consistent amounts of FXIII-A and FXIII-B (medians: 2.13 μg/L and 7.22 μg/L, respectively) were measured, mostly in non-complexed form. Following stimulation of tear secretion FXIII levels moderately decreased, but if normalized to protein concentration they did not change. One day after PKP FXIII levels became highly elevated, then gradually decreased, but even on day 7 significantly exceeded pre-surgery values. The elevation of tear FXIII levels was significantly higher in PKP patients who later developed neovascularization of donor cornea. CONCLUSIONS FXIII subunits are low concentration components of normal tear. The striking elevation of FXIII subunit and FXIII-A(2)B(2) concentrations after PKP suggests the involvement of FXIII in corneal wound healing. Perioperatively measured high FXIII levels in tears seem to represent a risk of neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Z Orosz
- Clinical Research Center, University of Debrecen, Medical and Health Science Center, 98 Nagyerdei krt., 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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27
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Unity and diversity in the human adenoviruses: exploiting alternative entry pathways for gene therapy. Biochem J 2010; 431:321-36. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20100766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human Ads (adenoviruses) have been extensively utilized for the development of vectors for gene transfer, as they infect many cell types and do not integrate their genome into host-cell chromosomes. In addition, they have been widely studied as cytolytic viruses, termed oncolytic adenoviruses in cancer therapy. Ads are non-enveloped viruses with a linear double-stranded DNA genome of 30–38 kb which encodes 30–40 genes. At least 52 human Ad serotypes have been identified and classified into seven species, A–G. The Ad capsid has icosahedral symmetry and is composed of 252 capsomers, of which 240 are located on the facets of the capsid and consist of a trimeric hexon protein and the remaining 12 capsomers, the pentons, are at the vertices and comprise the penton base and projecting fibre protein. The entry of Ads into human cells is a two-step process. In the first step, the fibre protein mediates a primary interaction with the cell, effectively tethering the virus particle to the cell surface via a cellular attachment protein. The penton base then interacts with cell-surface integrins, leading to virus internalization. This interaction of the fibre protein with a number of cell-surface molecules appears to be important in determining the tropism of adenoviruses. Ads from all species, except species B and certain serotypes of species D, utilize CAR (coxsackie and adenovirus receptor) as their primary cellular-attachment protein, whereas most species B Ads use CD46, a complement regulatory protein. Such species-specific differences, as well as adaptations or modifications of Ads required for applications in gene therapy, form the major focus of the present review.
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28
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Brims FJH, Chauhan AJ, Higgins B, Shute JK. Up-regulation of the extrinsic coagulation pathway in acute asthma--a case study. J Asthma 2010; 47:695-8. [PMID: 20615166 DOI: 10.3109/02770901003682802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the normal airway, the hemostatic balance is antithrombotic and favors fibrinolysis. Acute asthma is associated with inflammatory cell infiltrate and plasma exudation in the airways. Postmortem specimens following status asthmaticus suggest a role for the activation of the extrinsic coagulation cascade and intraluminal fibrin formation. The authors report a chance observation of fibrin formation in the airways of a patient with moderate asthma 5 days before a severe exacerbation requiring hospital admission. METHODS Alpha-2 macroglobulin, an index of plasma leakage, coagulation factors, and D-dimers were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in hypertonic saline-induced sputum, as part of a study into airway repair in stable asthma. All subjects were required to have stable symptoms and measures of asthma prior to sampling. RESULTS The subject's baseline forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV(1)) was 94% predicted and fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) level was 30 ppb prior to sputum induction. Differential sputum cell count revealed an airways neutrophilia (neutrophils 81.1%, eosinophils 0.19%). D-dimers were 70-fold and 22-fold higher than the median value for patients with stable moderate and severe asthma, respectively. Plasma exudation was 42-fold higher than in stable moderate asthma, but on a par with levels found in severe stable asthma, and locally produced coagulation factors may therefore be involved. Levels of fibrinogen, plasminogen, plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 and thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) were all at least an order of magnitude higher than those seen in stable moderate or severe asthma. CONCLUSIONS Acute exacerbation of moderate asthma appears to be associated with a shift to a profibrinogenic, possibly antifibrinolytic, environment in the airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fraser J H Brims
- Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK.
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29
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Crosby LM, Waters CM. Epithelial repair mechanisms in the lung. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2010; 298:L715-31. [PMID: 20363851 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00361.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 507] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The recovery of an intact epithelium following lung injury is critical for restoration of lung homeostasis. The initial processes following injury include an acute inflammatory response, recruitment of immune cells, and epithelial cell spreading and migration upon an autologously secreted provisional matrix. Injury causes the release of factors that contribute to repair mechanisms including members of the epidermal growth factor and fibroblast growth factor families (TGF-alpha, KGF, HGF), chemokines (MCP-1), interleukins (IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-13), and prostaglandins (PGE(2)), for example. These factors coordinate processes involving integrins, matrix materials (fibronectin, collagen, laminin), matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1, MMP-7, MMP-9), focal adhesions, and cytoskeletal structures to promote cell spreading and migration. Several key signaling pathways are important in regulating these processes, including sonic hedgehog, Rho GTPases, MAP kinase pathways, STAT3, and Wnt. Changes in mechanical forces may also affect these pathways. Both localized and distal progenitor stem cells are recruited into the injured area, and proliferation and phenotypic differentiation of these cells leads to recovery of epithelial function. Persistent injury may contribute to the pathology of diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and pulmonary fibrosis. For example, dysregulated repair processes involving TGF-beta and epithelial-mesenchymal transition may lead to fibrosis. This review focuses on the processes of epithelial restitution, the localization and role of epithelial progenitor stem cells, the initiating factors involved in repair, and the signaling pathways involved in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn M Crosby
- Departments of 1Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163-0001, USA
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30
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Brousseau C, Morissette G, Fortin JP, Marceau F, Petitclerc E. Tumor cells expressing tissue factor influence the migration of smooth muscle cells in a catalytic activity-dependent way. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2010; 87:694-701. [PMID: 19794520 DOI: 10.1139/y09-063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The expression of tissue factor (TF) in tumors reportedly exacerbates the aggressiveness of several types of cancers. The shedding of TF-containing membrane particles is believed to influence the ability of tumors to expand and metastasize, and these microparticles may also be harmful in the onset of disseminated intravascular coagulation in specific cancers. Furthermore, the intracellular signaling that is elicited after the formation of the TF / coagulation factor VIIa complex at the cell membrane modulates the activity of adhesion molecules and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases. To evaluate whether TF overexpression in tumor cells modulates its shedding and neighboring stromal cells by its catalytic or intracellular activity, TF-GFP (green fluorescent protein) and a tailless form (TFDeltaC-GFP) were stably expressed in the rat Morris hepatoma and human HT1080 fibrosarcoma cell lines. Both TF proteins were efficiently produced by tumor cells and functionally active, and their clotting activity could be blocked by the active site-inhibited factor VIIa (ASIS). TF-expressing tumorigenic cells produced a soluble factor that increased the migration of arterial smooth muscle cells in vitro. This effect was abrogated by ASIS and the PAR-1 receptor antagonist ATAP-2, showing that it is dependent on the proteolytic activity of the TF ligand factor VIIa and the thrombin-activated cell membrane receptor. We propose that TF-containing microparticles that are released in the culture medium by tumor cells influence the migratory behavior of neighboring stromal cells, thus aiding the cancer cell's tumorigenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Brousseau
- Université Laval, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de QC (CHUQ), Hôpital St-François d'Assise, Unité des biomatériaux et biotechnologies
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31
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Ewen D, Clarke S, Smith J, Berger C, Salmon G, Trevethick M, Shute J. The role of protease-activated receptors PAR-1 and PAR-2 in the repair of 16HBE 14o−epithelial cell monolayersin vitro. Clin Exp Allergy 2010; 40:435-49. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2010.03453.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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32
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A highly sensitive chemiluminescence immunoassay for the measurement of coagulation factor XIII subunits and their complex in tears. J Immunol Methods 2010; 353:87-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2010.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2009] [Revised: 11/22/2009] [Accepted: 01/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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33
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Arnberg N. Adenovirus receptors: implications for tropism, treatment and targeting. Rev Med Virol 2009; 19:165-78. [PMID: 19367611 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Adenoviruses (Ads) are the most frequently used viral vectors in gene therapy and cancer therapy. Obstacles to successful clinical application include accumulation of vector and transduction in liver cells, coupled with poor transduction of target cells and tissues such as tumours. Many host molecules, including coagulation factor X, have been identified and suggested to serve as mediators of Ad liver tropism. This review summarises current knowledge concerning these molecules and the mechanisms used by Ads to bind to target cells, and considers the prospects of designing vectors that have been detargeted from the liver and retargeted to cells and tissues of interest in the context of gene therapy and cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Arnberg
- Division of Virology, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-901 85, Sweden.
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Shinagawa K, Ploplis VA, Castellino FJ. A severe deficiency of coagulation factor VIIa results in attenuation of the asthmatic response in mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2009; 296:L763-70. [PMID: 19286924 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.90638.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophil counts in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of wild-type (WT) mice increased after ovalbumin (OVA) challenge, a response that was diminished in comparably challenged low-expressing coagulation factor VII (FVII(tTA/tTA)) mice. Levels of T helper type 2 (Th2) cytokines, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, and eosinophil-attracting chemokines, eotaxin and RANTES, were also lower in the OVA-challenged FVII(tTA/tTA) mice. Eosinophils purified from low-FVII mice underwent apoptosis at a faster rate compared with WT eosinophils, and eosinophil migration in response to eotaxin was reduced in eosinophils obtained from FVII(tTA/tTA) mice. Airway hyperresponsiveness and mucous layer thickness were reduced in OVA-treated FVII(tTA/tTA) mice, and addition of exogenous coagulation factor X (FX) enhanced mucin production in human epithelial NCI-H292 cells. Correspondingly, incubation of FX with NCI-H292 cells resulted in activated (a) FX production, suggesting that the components required for FX activation were present on NCI-H292 cells. These results demonstrate that FVIIa functions in the asthmatic response to an allergen by stimulating lung eosinophilia, airway hyperresponsiveness, and mucin production, this latter effect through its ability to activate FX in conjunction with tissue factor.
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Coagulation factors IX and X enhance binding and infection of adenovirus types 5 and 31 in human epithelial cells. J Virol 2009; 83:3816-25. [PMID: 19158249 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02562-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Most adenoviruses bind directly to the coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR) on target cells in vitro, but recent research has shown that adenoviruses can also use soluble components in body fluids for indirect binding to target cells. These mechanisms have been identified upon addressing the questions of how to de- and retarget adenovirus-based vectors for human gene and cancer therapy, but the newly identified mechanisms also suggest that the role of body fluids and their components may also be of importance for natural, primary infections. Here we demonstrate that plasma, saliva, and tear fluid promote binding and infection of adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) in respiratory and ocular epithelial cells, which corresponds to the natural tropism of most adenoviruses, and that plasma promotes infection by Ad31. By using a set of binding and infection experiments, we also found that Ad5 and Ad31 require coagulation factors IX (FIX) or X (FX) or just FIX, respectively, for efficient binding and infection. The concentrations of these factors that were required for maximum binding were 1/100th of the physiological concentrations. Preincubation of virions with heparin or pretreatment of cells with heparinase I indicated that the role of cell surface heparan sulfate during FIX- and FX-mediated adenovirus binding and infection is mechanistically serotype specific. We conclude that the use of coagulation factors by adenoviruses may be of importance not only for the liver tropism seen when administering adenovirus vectors to the circulation but also during primary infections by wild-type viruses of their natural target cell types.
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