1
|
Nian X, Zhang J, Huang S, Duan K, Li X, Yang X. Development of Nasal Vaccines and the Associated Challenges. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:1983. [PMID: 36297419 PMCID: PMC9609876 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14101983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Viruses, bacteria, fungi, and several other pathogenic microorganisms usually infect the host via the surface cells of respiratory mucosa. Nasal vaccination could provide a strong mucosal and systemic immunity to combat these infections. The intranasal route of vaccination offers the advantage of easy accessibility over the injection administration. Therefore, nasal immunization is considered a promising strategy for disease prevention, particularly in the case of infectious diseases of the respiratory system. The development of a nasal vaccine, particularly the strategies of adjuvant and antigens design and optimization, enabling rapid induction of protective mucosal and systemic responses against the disease. In recent times, the development of efficacious nasal vaccines with an adequate safety profile has progressed rapidly, with effective handling and overcoming of the challenges encountered during the process. In this context, the present report summarizes the most recent findings regarding the strategies used for developing nasal vaccines as an efficient alternative to conventional vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuanxuan Nian
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Jiayou Zhang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Shihe Huang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Kai Duan
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Xinguo Li
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
- China National Biotech Group Company Limited, Beijing 100029, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Live attenuated pertussis vaccine for prevention and treatment of allergic airway inflammation in mice. NPJ Vaccines 2022; 7:66. [PMID: 35739108 PMCID: PMC9226346 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-022-00494-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Live attenuated vaccines often have beneficial non-specific effects, protecting against heterologous infectious and non-infectious diseases. We have developed a live attenuated pertussis vaccine, named BPZE1, currently in advanced clinical development. Here, we examined the prophylactic and therapeutic potential of its pertactin-deficient derivative BPZE1P in a mouse model of house dust mite (HDM)-induced allergic airway inflammation (AAI). BPZE1P was given nasally either before or after sensitization with HDM, followed by HDM challenge, or between two challenge episodes. Vaccination prior to sensitization reduced resistance in the airways, the numbers of infiltrating eosinophils and the concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1α, IL-1β and IL-33, in the lungs but had no effect on Th2 cytokine levels. BPZE1P also protected when delivered after sensitization or between two challenge episodes. However, in this case the levels of Th2 cytokines in the lung were decreased without significant effects on IL-1α, IL-1β and IL-33 production. The vaccine restored lung function and decreased eosinophil influx in the lungs of HDM-treated mice. BPZE1P has a better take than BPZE1 in hosts vaccinated with acellular pertussis vaccines. Therefore, it has interesting potential as a preventive and therapeutic agent against AAI, even in acellular pertussis-vaccinated populations.
Collapse
|
3
|
Malave Sanchez M, Saleeb P, Kottilil S, Mathur P. Oral Polio Vaccine to Protect Against COVID-19: Out of the Box Strategies? Open Forum Infect Dis 2021; 8:ofab367. [PMID: 34381846 PMCID: PMC8344522 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofab367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The global coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has raised significant concerns of developing rapid, broad strategies to protect the vulnerable population and prevent morbidity and mortality. However, even with an aggressive approach, controlling the pandemic has been challenging, with concerns of emerging variants that likely escape vaccines, nonadherence of social distancing/preventive measures by the public, and challenges in rapid implementation of a global vaccination program that involves mass production, distribution, and execution. In this review, we revisit the utilization of attenuated vaccinations, such as the oral polio vaccine, which are safe, easy to administer, and likely provide cross-protection against respiratory pathogens. We discuss the rationale and data supporting its use and detail description of available vaccines that could be repurposed for curtailing the pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Malave Sanchez
- Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Paul Saleeb
- Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shyam Kottilil
- Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Poonam Mathur
- Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chumakov K, Avidan MS, Benn CS, Bertozzi SM, Blatt L, Chang AY, Jamison DT, Khader SA, Kottilil S, Netea MG, Sparrow A, Gallo RC. Old vaccines for new infections: Exploiting innate immunity to control COVID-19 and prevent future pandemics. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2101718118. [PMID: 34006644 PMCID: PMC8166166 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2101718118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic triggered an unparalleled pursuit of vaccines to induce specific adaptive immunity, based on virus-neutralizing antibodies and T cell responses. Although several vaccines have been developed just a year after SARS-CoV-2 emerged in late 2019, global deployment will take months or even years. Meanwhile, the virus continues to take a severe toll on human life and exact substantial economic costs. Innate immunity is fundamental to mammalian host defense capacity to combat infections. Innate immune responses, triggered by a family of pattern recognition receptors, induce interferons and other cytokines and activate both myeloid and lymphoid immune cells to provide protection against a wide range of pathogens. Epidemiological and biological evidence suggests that the live-attenuated vaccines (LAV) targeting tuberculosis, measles, and polio induce protective innate immunity by a newly described form of immunological memory termed "trained immunity." An LAV designed to induce adaptive immunity targeting a particular pathogen may also induce innate immunity that mitigates other infectious diseases, including COVID-19, as well as future pandemic threats. Deployment of existing LAVs early in pandemics could complement the development of specific vaccines, bridging the protection gap until specific vaccines arrive. The broad protection induced by LAVs would not be compromised by potential antigenic drift (immune escape) that can render viruses resistant to specific vaccines. LAVs might offer an essential tool to "bend the pandemic curve," averting the exhaustion of public health resources and preventing needless deaths and may also have therapeutic benefits if used for postexposure prophylaxis of disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Chumakov
- Food and Drug Administration Office of Vaccine Research and Review, Global Virus Network Center of Excellence, Silver Spring, MD 20993
| | - Michael S Avidan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO 63130
| | - Christine S Benn
- Department of Clinical Research, Global Virus Network Center of Excellence, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
- Danish Institute for Advanced Study, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Stefano M Bertozzi
- School of Public Health, Global Virus Network, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94704
- School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
- El Centro de Investigación en Evaluación y Encuestas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, 62100 Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Lawrence Blatt
- Aligos Therapeutics, Global Virus Network Center of Excellence, San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Angela Y Chang
- Danish Institute for Advanced Study, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Dean T Jamison
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, Global Virus Network, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Shabaana A Khader
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Shyam Kottilil
- Institute of Human Virology, Global Virus Network Center of Excellence, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Global Virus Network Center of Excellence, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Immunology and Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Annie Sparrow
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Robert C Gallo
- Institute of Human Virology, Global Virus Network Center of Excellence, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Live attenuated Bordetella pertussis vaccine candidate BPZE1 transiently protects against lethal pneumococcal disease in mice. Vaccine 2021; 40:1555-1562. [PMID: 33509692 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BPZE1 is a live attenuated vaccine against infection by Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough. It was previously shown that BPZE1 provides heterologous protection in mouse models of disease caused by unrelated pathogens, such as influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus. Protection was also observed in mouse models of asthma and contact dermatitis. In this study, we demonstrate that BPZE1 also displays protection against an unrelated bacterial pathogen in a mouse model of invasive pneumococcal disease mediated by Streptococcus pneumoniae. While a single administration of BPZE1 provided no protection, two doses of 106 colony-forming units of BPZE1 given in a three-week interval protected against mortality, lung colonization and dissemination in both BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. Unlike for the previously reported influenza challenge model, protection was short-lived, and waned within days after booster vaccination. Formaldehyde-killed BPZE1 protected only when administered following a live prime, indicating that priming requires live BPZE1 for protection. Protection against mortality was directly linked to substantially decreased bacterial dissemination in the blood and was lost in MyD88 knock-out mice, demonstrating the role of the innate immune system in the mechanism of protection. This is the first report on a heterologous protective effect of the live BPZE1 vaccine candidate against an unrelated bacterial infection.
Collapse
|
6
|
Disrupting Bordetella Immunosuppression Reveals a Role for Eosinophils in Coordinating the Adaptive Immune Response in the Respiratory Tract. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8111808. [PMID: 33212993 PMCID: PMC7698589 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8111808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent findings revealed pivotal roles for eosinophils in protection against parasitic and viral infections, as well as modulation of adaptive immune responses in the gastric mucosa. However, the known effects of eosinophils within the respiratory tract remain predominantly pathological, associated with allergy and asthma. Simulating natural respiratory infections in mice, we examined how efficient and well-adapted pathogens can block eosinophil functions that contribute to the immune response. Bordetella bronchiseptica, a natural pathogen of the mouse, uses the sigma factor btrS to regulate expression of mechanisms that interfere with eosinophil recruitment and function. When btrS is disrupted, immunomodulators are dysregulated, and eosinophils are recruited to the lungs, suggesting they may contribute to much more efficient generation of adaptive immunity induced by this mutant. Eosinophil-deficient mice failed to produce pro-inflammatory cytokines, to recruit lymphocytes, to organize lymphoid aggregates that resemble Bronchus Associated Lymphoid Tissue (BALT), to generate an effective antibody response, and to clear bacterial infection from the respiratory tract. Importantly, the failure of eosinophil-deficient mice to produce these lymphoid aggregates indicates that eosinophils can mediate the generation of an effective lymphoid response in the lungs. These data demonstrate that efficient respiratory pathogens can block eosinophil recruitment, to inhibit the generation of robust adaptive immune responses. They also suggest that some post-infection sequelae involving eosinophils, such as allergy and asthma, might be a consequence of bacterial mechanisms that manipulate their accumulation and/or function within the respiratory tract.
Collapse
|
7
|
Gestal MC, Johnson HM, Harvill ET. Immunomodulation as a Novel Strategy for Prevention and Treatment of Bordetella spp. Infections. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2869. [PMID: 31921136 PMCID: PMC6923730 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Well-adapted pathogens have evolved to survive the many challenges of a robust immune response. Defending against all host antimicrobials simultaneously would be exceedingly difficult, if not impossible, so many co-evolved organisms utilize immunomodulatory tools to subvert, distract, and/or evade the host immune response. Bordetella spp. present many examples of the diversity of immunomodulators and an exceptional experimental system in which to study them. Recent advances in this experimental system suggest strategies for interventions that tweak immunity to disrupt bacterial immunomodulation, engaging more effective host immunity to better prevent and treat infections. Here we review advances in the understanding of respiratory pathogens, with special focus on Bordetella spp., and prospects for the use of immune-stimulatory interventions in the prevention and treatment of infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica C Gestal
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Hannah M Johnson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Eric T Harvill
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Debrie AS, Mielcarek N, Lecher S, Roux X, Sirard JC, Locht C. Early Protection against Pertussis Induced by Live AttenuatedBordetella pertussisBPZE1 Depends on TLR4. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:3293-3300. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
9
|
Functional Programming of Innate Immune Cells in Response to Bordetella pertussis Infection and Vaccination. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1183:53-80. [PMID: 31432398 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2019_404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite widespread vaccination, B. pertussis remains one of the least controlled vaccine-preventable diseases. Although it is well known that acellular and whole cell pertussis vaccines induce distinct immune functionalities in memory cells, much less is known about the role of innate immunity in this process. In this review, we provide an overview of the known differences and similarities in innate receptors, innate immune cells and inflammatory signalling pathways induced by the pertussis vaccines either licensed or in development and compare this to primary infection with B. pertussis. Despite the crucial role of innate immunity in driving memory responses to B. pertussis, it is clear that a significant knowledge gap remains in our understanding of the early innate immune response to vaccination and infection. Such knowledge is essential to develop the next generation of pertussis vaccines with improved host defense against B. pertussis.
Collapse
|
10
|
Cauchi S, Locht C. Non-specific Effects of Live Attenuated Pertussis Vaccine Against Heterologous Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2872. [PMID: 30581436 PMCID: PMC6292865 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bordetella pertussis is the agent of pertussis, also referred to as whooping cough, a disease that remains an important public health issue. Vaccine-induced immunity to pertussis wanes over time. In industrialized countries, high vaccine coverage has not prevented infection and transmission of B. pertussis, leading to periodic outbreaks in people of all ages. The consequence is the formation of a large source for transmission to children, who show the highest susceptibility of developing severe whooping cough and mortality. With the aim of providing protection against both disease and infection, a live attenuated pertussis vaccine, in which three toxins have been genetically inactivated or removed, is now in clinical development. This vaccine, named BPZE1, offers strong protection in mice and non-human primates. It has completed a phase I clinical trial in which safety, transient colonization of the human airway and immunogenicity could be demonstrated. In mice, BPZE1 was also found to protect against inflammation resulting from heterologous airway infections, including those caused by other Bordetella species, influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus. Furthermore, the heterologous protection conferred by BPZE1 was also observed for non-infectious inflammatory diseases, such as allergic asthma, as well as for inflammatory disorders outside of the respiratory tract, such as contact dermatitis. Current studies focus on the mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory effects associated with nasal BPZE1 administration. Given the increasing importance of inflammatory disorders, novel preventive and therapeutic approaches are urgently needed. Therefore, live vaccines, such as BPZE1, may offer attractive solutions. It is now essential to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms of action before translating these biological findings into new healthcare solutions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Cauchi
- Univ. Lille, U1019, UMR 8204, CIIL-Centre for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France.,CNRS UMR8204, Lille, France.,Inserm U1019, Lille, France.,CHU Lille, Lille, France.,Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Camille Locht
- Univ. Lille, U1019, UMR 8204, CIIL-Centre for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France.,CNRS UMR8204, Lille, France.,Inserm U1019, Lille, France.,CHU Lille, Lille, France.,Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Canonne AM, Peters I, Roels E, Desquilbet L, Clercx C. Detection of specific bacterial agents by quantitative PCR assays in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of dogs with eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy vs. dogs with chronic bronchitis and healthy dogs. Vet J 2017; 232:52-56. [PMID: 29428092 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In humans, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Bordetella pertussis infections are suggested to trigger or exacerbate asthma. Whether Mycoplasma or Bordetella are associated with chronic inflammatory bronchial diseases in dogs has not been investigated. The aim of this study was to assess detection rates of Mycoplasma canis (M. canis), M. cynos and Bordetella bronchiseptica (Bb), in dogs with eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy (EBP) and chronic bronchitis (CB), compared with healthy dogs. Specific quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis for M. canis, M. cynos and Bb were retrospectively performed on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) collected from 24 dogs with EBP, 21 dogs with CB and 15 healthy dogs. Possible associations between qPCR results and age, BALF cytology or clinical severity scores (CSS) in dogs with EBP were investigated. There was no difference in M. canis, M. cynos and Bb detection rates in dogs with EBP (n=6, n=2 and n=6, respectively) and dogs with CB (n=2, n=2 and n=2, respectively) compared with control dogs (n=4, n=2 and n=2, respectively). In dogs with EBP, the proportion that were qPCR-positive for Bb was higher in dogs with higher CSS (P=0.014) and BALF from Bb-positive dogs had higher percentage of neutrophils (P<0.001). Among dogs that were qPCR-positive for Bb, moderate to high loads were only detected in dogs with EBP. M. canis and M. cynos detection was not associated with EBP or CB; higher Bb loads were only present in dogs with EBP and high CSS. A possible cause and effect relationship between Bb infection or load and EBP remains unclear and requires further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A M Canonne
- Internal Medicine Unit, National Veterinary School of Alfort, 94 700 Maisons-Alfort, France.
| | - I Peters
- Torrance Diamond Diagnostic Services, The Innovation Centre University of Exeter, EX4 4RN Exeter, UK
| | - E Roels
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - L Desquilbet
- Unit of Biostatistics, National Veterinary School of Alfort, 94 700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - C Clercx
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Will we have new pertussis vaccines? Vaccine 2017; 36:5460-5469. [PMID: 29180031 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite wide vaccination coverage with efficacious vaccines, pertussis is still not under control in any country. Two types of vaccines are available for the primary vaccination series, diphtheria/tetanus/whole-cell pertussis and diphtheria/tetanus/acellular pertussis vaccines, in addition to reduced antigen content vaccines recommended for booster vaccination. Using these vaccines, several strategies are being explored to counter the current pertussis problems, including repeated vaccination, cocoon vaccination and maternal immunization. With the exception of the latter, none have proven their effectiveness, and even maternal vaccination is not expected to ultimately control pertussis. Therefore, new pertussis vaccines are needed, and several candidates are in early pre-clinical development. They include whole-cell vaccines with low endotoxin content, outer membrane vesicles, new formulations, acellular vaccines with new adjuvants or additional antigens and live attenuated vaccines. The most advanced is the live attenuated nasal vaccine BPZE1. It provides strong protection in mice and non-human primates, is safe, even in immune compromised animals, and genetically stable after in vitro and in vivo passages. It also has interesting immunoregulatory properties without being immunosuppressive. It has successfully completed a first-in-man clinical trial, where it was found to be safe, able to transiently colonize the human respiratory tract and to induce immune responses in the colonized subjects. It is now undergoing further clinical development. As it is designed to reduce carriage and transmission of Bordetella pertussis, it may hopefully contribute to the ultimate control of pertussis.
Collapse
|
13
|
Locht C. Live pertussis vaccines: will they protect against carriage and spread of pertussis? Clin Microbiol Infect 2016; 22 Suppl 5:S96-S102. [PMID: 28341014 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2016.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Pertussis is a severe respiratory disease that can be fatal in young infants. Its main aetiological agent is the Gram-negative micro-organism Bordetella pertussis. Vaccines against the disease have been in use since the 1950s, and global vaccination coverage has now reached more than 85%. Nevertheless, the disease has not been controlled in any country, and has even made a spectacular come-back in the industrialized world, where the first-generation whole-cell vaccines have been replaced by the more recent, less reactogenic, acellular vaccines. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain these observations, including the fast waning of acellular vaccine-induced protection. However, recent mathematical modelling studies have indicated that asymptomatic transmission of B. pertussis may be the main reason for the current resurgence of pertussis. Recent studies in non-human primates have shown that neither whole-cell, nor acellular vaccines prevent infection and transmission of B. pertussis, in contrast to prior exposure. New vaccines that can be applied nasally to mimic natural infection without causing disease may therefore be useful for long-term control of pertussis. Several vaccine candidates have been proposed, the most advanced of which is the genetically attenuated B. pertussis strain BPZE1. This vaccine candidate has successfully completed a first-in-man phase I trial and was shown to be safe in young male volunteers, able to transiently colonize the nasopharynx and to induce antibody responses to B. pertussis antigens in all colonized individuals. Whether BPZE1 will indeed be useful to ultimately control pertussis obviously needs to be assessed by carefully conducted human efficacy trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Locht
- University of Lille, U1019-UMR 8204, Centre for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France; CNRS, UMR 8204, F-59000 Lille, France; Inserm, U1019, F-59000 Lille, France; CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Salim AM, Liang Y, Kilgore PE. Protecting Newborns Against Pertussis: Treatment and Prevention Strategies. Paediatr Drugs 2015; 17:425-41. [PMID: 26542059 DOI: 10.1007/s40272-015-0149-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Pertussis is a potentially severe respiratory disease, which affects all age groups from young infants to older adults and is responsible for an estimated 195,000 deaths occurred globally in 2008. Active research is ongoing to better understand the pathogenesis, immunology, and diagnosis of pertussis. For diagnosis, molecular assays (e.g., polymerase chain reaction) for detection of Bordetella pertussis have become more widely available and support improved outbreak detection. In children, pertussis vaccines have been incorporated into routine immunization schedules and deployed for pertussis outbreak control. Lower levels of vaccine coverage are now being observed in communities where vaccine hesitancy is rising. Additionally, recognition that newborn babies are at risk of pertussis in the USA and UK has led to recommendations to immunize pregnant women. Among adolescents and older adults in the USA, Tetanus Toxoid, Reduced Diphtheria Toxoid and Acellular pertussis (Tdap) Vaccines are recommended, but substantial individual- and system-level barriers exist that will make achieving national Healthy People 2020 targets for immunization challenging. Current antimicrobial regimens for pertussis are focused on reducing the severity of disease, reducing rates of sequelae, and minimizing transmission of infection to susceptible individuals. Continued surveillance for pertussis will be important to identify opportunities for reducing young infants' exposure and reducing the impact of outbreaks among school-aged children. Laboratory-based surveillance for newly emerging strains of B. pertussis will be important to identify strains that may evade protection elicited by currently available vaccines. Efforts to develop new-generation pertussis vaccines should be considered now in anticipation of vaccine development programs, which may require ten or more years to deliver a licensed vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulbaset M Salim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA. .,Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.
| | - Paul E Kilgore
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Coutte L, Locht C. Investigating pertussis toxin and its impact on vaccination. Future Microbiol 2015; 10:241-54. [PMID: 25689536 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.14.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Whooping cough, caused by Bordetella pertussis, remains a major global health problem. Each year around 40 million of pertussis cases resulting in 200,000-400,000 annual deaths occur worldwide. Pertussis toxin is a major virulence factor of B. pertussis. Murine studies have shown its importance in bacterial colonization and in immunomodulation to evade innate or adaptive immunity. The toxin is composed of an A protomer expressing ADP-ribosyltransferase activity and a B oligomer, responsible for toxin binding to target cells. The toxin is also a major protective antigen in all currently available vaccines. However, vaccine escape mutants with altered toxin expression have recently been isolated in countries with high vaccination coverage illustrating the need for improved pertussis vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Loic Coutte
- Center for Infection & Immunity of Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 1, rue du Prof. Calmette, F-59019 Lille Cedex, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Han L, Zheng CP, Sun YQ, Xu G, Wen W, Fu QL. A bacterial extract of OM-85 Broncho-Vaxom prevents allergic rhinitis in mice. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2015; 28:110-6. [PMID: 24717947 DOI: 10.2500/ajra.2013.27.4021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to the hygiene hypothesis, bacterial infections during early life contribute to a reduced incidence of asthma in animals. However, the effects of microbial products at a safe dose and within a rational time course on the prevention of allergic rhinitis (AR) have been inconclusive. This study investigated the immunomodulatory effects of oral administration of a bacterial extract, OM-85 Broncho-Vaxom (BV), with a low dose and general time course, which is currently used for respiratory infections in humans, on AR inflammation in mice. METHODS We developed a mouse model of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced AR allergic inflammation in the nose mucosa of mice. Low doses of OM-85 BV were orally administered for 3 months (long term) before sensitization. We evaluated nasal symptoms, pathology in the nose, inflammatory cells, and the levels of T helper 1 (Th1)/Th2 cytokines in the nasal lavage fluids, and the serum levels of specific IgE and IgG1. We also observed enhanced effects of OM-85 BV with 1 month (short term) of treatment. RESULTS We found that long-term pretreatment with OM-85 BV protected the mice from the majority of allergy-specific symptoms; specifically, OM-85 BV suppressed nasal symptoms, inhibited eosinophil infiltration in the nose, inhibited inflammatory infiltrates and the Th2 response by reducing cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, or IL-13) in the nasal lavage fluids, and reduced IgE and IgG1 levels. Furthermore, short-term treatment with OM-85 BV decreased the levels of Th2 cytokines and IgE. CONCLUSION Taken together, our data suggested that OM-85 BV is a low-cost alternative candidate to prevent AR with simple oral administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Han
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
The intensive use of pertussis vaccines has dramatically reduced the incidence of whooping cough during the 20th century. However, recent outbreaks in countries with high vaccination coverage illustrate the shortcomings of current vaccination regimens, and immunity induced by the most recent, acellular vaccines wanes much faster than anticipated. As an alternative, live attenuated vaccine candidates have recently been developed in order to mimic natural infection, which induces long-lasting immunity. One of them has successfully completed a Phase I trial in humans and is now undergoing further product and clinical developments. This article describes the development of such vaccines, discusses their advantages over existing vaccines and their interesting bystander properties as powerful anti-inflammatory agents, which widens their potential use far beyond that for protection against whooping cough.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camille Locht
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, 1, rue du Prof. Calmette, F-59019 Lille, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Schnoeller C, Roux X, Sawant D, Raze D, Olszewska W, Locht C, Openshaw PJ. Attenuated Bordetella pertussis vaccine protects against respiratory syncytial virus disease via an IL-17-dependent mechanism. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2014; 189:194-202. [PMID: 24261996 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201307-1227oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE We attenuated virulent Bordetella pertussis by genetically eliminating or detoxifying three major toxins. This strain, named BPZE1, is being developed as a possible live nasal vaccine for the prevention of whooping cough. It is immunogenic and safe when given intranasally in adult volunteers. OBJECTIVES Before testing in human infants, we wished to examine the potential effect of BPZE1 on a common pediatric infection (respiratory syncytial virus [RSV]) in a preclinical model. METHODS BPZE1 was administered before or after RSV administration in adult or neonatal mice. Pathogen replication, inflammation, immune cell recruitment, and cytokine responses were measured. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS BPZE1 alone did not cause overt disease, but induced efflux of neutrophils into the airway lumen and production of IL-10 and IL-17 by mucosal CD4(+) T cells. Given intranasally before RSV infection, BPZE1 markedly attenuated RSV, preventing weight loss, reducing viral load, and attenuating lung cell recruitment. Given neonatally, BPZE1 also protected against RSV-induced weight loss even through to adulthood. Furthermore, it markedly increased IL-17 production by CD4(+) T cells and natural killer cells and recruited regulatory cells and neutrophils after virus challenge. Administration of anti-IL-17 antibodies ablated the protective effect of BPZE1 on RSV disease. CONCLUSIONS Rather than enhancing RSV disease, BPZE1 protected against viral infection, modified viral responses, and enhanced natural mucosal resistance. Prevention of RSV infection by BPZE1 seems in part to be caused by induction of IL-17. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 01188512).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Schnoeller
- 1 Centre for Respiratory Infection, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kammoun H, Roux X, Raze D, Debrie AS, De Filette M, Ysenbaert T, Mielcarek N, Saelens X, Fiers W, Locht C. Immunogenicity of live attenuated B. pertussis BPZE1 producing the universal influenza vaccine candidate M2e. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59198. [PMID: 23555631 PMCID: PMC3602086 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intranasal delivery of vaccines directed against respiratory pathogens is an attractive alternative to parenteral administration. However, using this delivery route for inactivated vaccines usually requires the use of potent mucosal adjuvants, and no such adjuvant has yet been approved for human use. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We have developed a live attenuated Bordetella pertussis vaccine, called BPZE1, and show here that it can be used to present the universal influenza virus epitope M2e to the mouse respiratory tract to prime for protective immunity against viral challenge. Three copies of M2e were genetically fused to the N-terminal domain of filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) and produced in recombinant BPZE1 derivatives in the presence or absence of endogenous full-length FHA. Only in the absence of FHA intranasal administration of the recombinant BPZE1 derivative induced antibody responses to M2e and effectively primed BALB/c mice for protection against influenza virus-induced mortality and reduced the viral load after challenge. Strong M2e-specific antibody responses and protection were observed after a single nasal administration with the recombinant BPZE1 derivative, followed by a single administration of M2e linked to a virus-like particle without adjuvant, whereas priming alone with the vaccine strain did not protect. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Using recombinant FHA-3M2e-producing BPZE1 derivatives for priming and the universal influenza M2e peptide linked to virus-like particles for boosting may constitute a promising approach for needle-free and adjuvant-free nasal vaccination against influenza.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adhesins, Bacterial/genetics
- Adhesins, Bacterial/immunology
- Administration, Intranasal
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Bordetella pertussis/genetics
- Bordetella pertussis/immunology
- Humans
- Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Influenza Vaccines/genetics
- Influenza Vaccines/immunology
- Influenza, Human/immunology
- Influenza, Human/prevention & control
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/administration & dosage
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology
- Respiratory System/drug effects
- Respiratory System/immunology
- Respiratory System/virology
- Survival Analysis
- Vaccination
- Vaccines, Synthetic
- Viral Matrix Proteins/genetics
- Viral Matrix Proteins/immunology
- Virulence Factors, Bordetella/genetics
- Virulence Factors, Bordetella/immunology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hana Kammoun
- Inserm U1019, Lille, France
- CNRS UMR 8204, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
- University Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - Xavier Roux
- Inserm U1019, Lille, France
- CNRS UMR 8204, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
- University Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - Dominique Raze
- Inserm U1019, Lille, France
- CNRS UMR 8204, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
- University Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Debrie
- Inserm U1019, Lille, France
- CNRS UMR 8204, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
- University Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - Marina De Filette
- Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tine Ysenbaert
- Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Mielcarek
- Inserm U1019, Lille, France
- CNRS UMR 8204, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
- University Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - Xavier Saelens
- Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Walter Fiers
- Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Camille Locht
- Inserm U1019, Lille, France
- CNRS UMR 8204, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
- University Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Li R, Cheng C, Chong SZ, Lim ARF, Goh YF, Locht C, Kemeny DM, Angeli V, Wong WSF, Alonso S. Attenuated Bordetella pertussis BPZE1 protects against allergic airway inflammation and contact dermatitis in mouse models. Allergy 2012; 67:1250-8. [PMID: 22909095 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2012.02884.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reported that prior nasal administration of highly attenuated Bordetella pertussis BPZE1 provides effective and sustained protection against lethal challenge with influenza A viruses. The protective effect was mediated by suppressing the production of major pro-inflammatory mediators. To further explore the anti-inflammatory properties of BPZE1, we investigated the effect of BPZE1 nasal pretreatment on two mouse models of allergic disease, allergic airway inflammation, and contact hypersensitivity (CHS). METHODS Allergic reactions were induced in mice nasally pretreated with live attenuated BPZE1 bacteria using the ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic airway inflammation and dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced CHS models. RESULTS Prior BPZE1 nasal treatment suppressed OVA-induced lung inflammation and inflammatory cell recruitment and significantly reduced IgE levels and cytokine production. Similarly, BPZE1 nasal pretreatment markedly inhibited ear swelling, skin inflammation, and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the DNCB-induced CHS model. For both models, we showed that BPZE1 pretreatment does not affect the sensitization phase. Upon challenge, BPZE1 pretreatment selectively reduced the level of cytokines whose production is increased and did not affect the basal level of other cytokines. Together, our observations suggest that BPZE1 pretreatment specifically targets those cytokine-producing effector cells that are recruited and involved in the inflammatory reaction. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates the broad anti-inflammatory properties of the attenuated B. pertussis BPZE1 vaccine candidate and supports its development as a promising agent to prevent and/or treat allergic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Li
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Dual mechanism of protection by live attenuated Bordetella pertussis BPZE1 against Bordetella bronchiseptica in mice. Vaccine 2012; 30:5864-70. [PMID: 22814407 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2012] [Revised: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Bordetella bronchiseptica, a gram-negative bacterium, causes chronic respiratory tract infections in a wide variety of mammalian hosts, including man, and no human vaccine is currently available. Acellular pertussis vaccines protect poorly against B. bronchiseptica, although they contain cross-reactive antigens. We have recently developed Bordetella pertussis BPZE1, a novel, live attenuated pertussis vaccine, currently completing phase I clinical trials in humans, and found that it protects against both B. pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis in mice. Here, we show that a single nasal administration of BPZE1 protects mice against lethal infection with B. bronchiseptica. After challenge, the vaccinated animals displayed markedly reduced lung inflammation and tissue damage, decreased neutrophil infiltration and increased levels of CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+) regulatory T cells in the lungs compared to non-immunized mice. Depletion of these cells abolished BPZE1-induced protection, indicating that BPZE1 protects against lethal inflammation through the recruitment of regulatory T cells. In addition, the B. bronchiseptica load was significantly decreased in the vaccinated animals. Using passive transfer experiments, protection was found to be essentially cell mediated, and BPZE1-induced Th1 and Th17 T cells recognize whole B. bronchiseptica extracts, although the participation of antibodies in protection cannot be discounted. Thus, a single administration of BPZE1 can confer protection against B. bronchiseptica in mice by a dual mechanism.
Collapse
|
22
|
Katelaris CH, Linneberg A, Magnan A, Thomas WR, Wardlaw AJ, Wark P. Developments in the field of allergy in 2010 through the eyes of Clinical and Experimental Allergy. Clin Exp Allergy 2012; 41:1690-710. [PMID: 22107142 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2011.03892.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In 2010 over 200 articles were published in Clinical and Experimental Allergy including editorials, reviews, opinion articles, letters, book reviews and of course at the heart of the journal, papers containing original data which have moved the field of allergy forward on a number of fronts. For the third year running the editors felt it would be of value to summarize the key messages contained in these papers as a snapshot of where the cutting edge of research into allergic disease is leading. We have broadly followed the sections of the journal, although this year the mechanistic articles are grouped together and the studies involving experimental models of disease are discussed throughout the paper. In the field of asthma and rhinitis phenotypes and biomarkers continue to a major pre-occupation of our authors. There is continued interest in mechanisms of inflammation and disordered lung function with the mouse model of asthma continuing to offer new insights. There is also a steady flow of papers investigating new therapies, including those derived from plants and herbs, although many are mechanistic with too few high quality clinical trials. The mechanisms involved in allergic disease are well covered with many strong papers using clinical material to ask relevant questions. Pro-pre and snybiotics continue to be of major interest to our authors and this remains a controversial and complicated field. The discipline of epidemiology has retained its interest in risk factors for the development of allergic disease with a view to refining and debating the reasons for the allergy epidemic. There is continued interest in the relationship between helminthic disease and allergy with a new twist in 2010 involving studies using infection with helminths as a potential treatment. The genetics of allergic disease continues to be very productive, although the field has moved on from only investigating single nucleotide polymorphisms of candidate genes to Genome Wide Association Studies and an increasing and welcome emphasis on gene-environment interactions. In the field of clinical allergy there is steady flow of papers describing patterns of drug allergy with renewed interest in reactions to contrast media, but food allergy is the major area of interest in this section of the journal. Lastly in the field of allergens there is a growing interest in the role of component resolved diagnosis in improving the diagnosis and management of allergic disease. Another excellent year, full of fascinating and high quality work, which the journal has been proud to bring to the allergy community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C H Katelaris
- University of Western Sydney, Campbelltown Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Locht C, Mielcarek N. New pertussis vaccination approaches: en route to protect newborns? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 66:121-33. [PMID: 22574832 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2012.00988.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2012] [Revised: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Pertussis or whooping cough is a life-threatening childhood disease, particularly severe during the first months of life, although adolescent and adult pertussis is increasingly more noted. General vaccination has tremendously reduced its incidence but has failed to bring it completely under control. In fact, it remains one of the most poorly controlled vaccine-preventable diseases in the world. New vaccination strategies are thus being explored. These include vaccination of pregnant mothers to transmit protective antibodies to the offspring, a cocooning strategy to prevent the transmission of the disease from family members to the newborn and neonatal vaccination. All have their inherent limitations, and improved vaccines are urgently needed. Two types of pertussis vaccines are currently available, whole-cell, first-generation and second-generation, acellular vaccines, with an improved safety profile. Attempts have been made to discover additional protective antigens to the 1-5 currently included in the acellular vaccines or to include new adjuvants. Recently, a live attenuated nasal Bordetella pertussis vaccine has been developed and undergone first-in-man clinical trials. However, as promising as it may be, in order to protect infants against severe disease, a single approach may not be sufficient, and multiple strategies applied in a concerted fashion may ultimately be required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camille Locht
- Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France.
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Current world literature. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 11:150-6. [PMID: 21368622 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0b013e3283457ab0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
25
|
A live, attenuated Bordetella pertussis vaccine provides long-term protection against virulent challenge in a murine model. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2010; 18:187-93. [PMID: 21147936 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00371-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite successful mass vaccination programs, whooping cough remains a significant cause of neonatal mortality. Immunity induced by current vaccines wanes in adolescence, requiring additional immunizations to prevent resurgence. There is a need for a new generation of vaccines capable of conferring long-lasting immunity from birth. Recently, a live, attenuated whooping cough vaccine, BPZE1, has been developed. Here, an established murine immunization model was used to examine the induction and longevity of immunological memory. In this predictive model, BPZE1 conferred a level of protection against virulent bacterial challenge comparable to that conferred by recovery from prior infection, up to 1 year after immunization. One year after immunization with BPZE1, a pertussis-specific persistent response, with high levels of gamma interferon (IFN-γ), could be detected from spleen cells restimulated with inactivated Bordetella pertussis. BPZE1 induced low levels of interleukin-17 (IL-17) and no IL-10 or IL-5. BPZE1 immunization induced long-lasting, efficacious memory B-cell and specific antibody responses dominated by IgG2a, which were boosted by subsequent challenge. Finally, the antibody induced by BPZE1 was functionally relevant and could clear a virulent B. pertussis infection in antibody-deficient mice following passive transfer. This study suggests that BPZE1 is capable of conferring a high level of long-lived effective protection against virulent B. pertussis.
Collapse
|
26
|
Nolan ST, Lamichhane G. Protective efficacy of BCG overexpressing an L,D-transpeptidase against M. tuberculosis infection. PLoS One 2010; 5:e13773. [PMID: 21048936 PMCID: PMC2966435 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2010] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND M. bovis Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), currently the only available vaccine against tuberculosis (TB), fails to adequately protect individuals from active and latent TB infection. New vaccines are desperately needed to decrease the worldwide burden of TB. METHODS AND FINDINGS We created a recombinant strain of BCG that overproduces an L,D-transpeptidase in order to alter the bacterial peptidoglycan layer and consequently increase the ability of this immunogen to protect against virulent M. tuberculosis (Mtb). We demonstrate that this novel recombinant BCG protects mice against virulent Mtb at least as well as control BCG, as measured by its ability to reduce bacterial burden in lungs and spleen, reduce lung histopathology, and prolong survival. A nutrient starved recombinant BCG preparation, while offering comparable protection, elicited a response characterized by elevated levels of select Th1 cytokines. CONCLUSIONS Recombinant BCG overexpressing a L,D-transpeptidase that is nutrient starved elicits a stronger Th1 type response and is at least as protective as parent BCG. Results from this study suggest that nutrient starvation treatment of live BCG vaccines should be further investigated as a way to increase host induction of Th-1 related cytokines in the development of experimental anti-TB vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott T. Nolan
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Gyanu Lamichhane
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|