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Munkwase G. Implications of vaccine non-specific effects on licensure of new vaccines. Vaccine 2024; 42:1013-1021. [PMID: 38242737 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Immune memory was for a long time thought to be an exclusive feature of the adaptive immune system. Emerging evidence has shown that the innate immune system may exhibit memory which has been termed as trained immunity or innate immune memory. Trained immunity following vaccination may produce non-specific effects leading to reduction in morbidity and mortality from heterologous pathogens. This review looked at trained immunity as a mechanism for vaccine induced non-specific effects, mechanisms underlying trained immunity and known vaccine non-specific effects. A discussion is also made on the implications these vaccine non-specific effects may have on overall risk-benefit ratio evaluation by National Medicines Regulatory Authorities (NMRAs) during licensure of new vaccines. Epigenetic remodeling and "rewiring" of cellular metabolism in the innate immune cells especially monocytes, macrophages, and Natural Killer (NK) cells have been suggested to be the mechanisms underlying trained immunity. Trained immunity in other innate cells has largely remained elusive up to date. Non-specific effects have been extensively documented with Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG), measles vaccine and oral polio vaccine but it remains unclear if other vaccines may exhibit similar effects. All known vaccine non-specific effects have come from observations in epidemiological studies conducted post-vaccine licensure and roll out in target populations. It remains to be seen if early identification of non-specific effects especially those with protective benefits during the clinical development of new vaccines may contribute to the overall risk-benefit ratio evaluation during licensure by NMRAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant Munkwase
- National Drug Authority, Plot 93, Buganda Road, Kampala, Uganda; African Leadership in Vaccinology Expertise (ALIVE), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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Borsa M, Gerlach C. Heterologous immunity: innate function of memory CD4 + T cells. Nat Rev Immunol 2023; 23:544. [PMID: 37495728 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-023-00923-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Borsa
- Preprint Club, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Carmen Gerlach
- Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Lee MH, Kim BR, Seo H, Oh J, Kim HL, Kim BJ. Live Mycobacterium paragordonae induces heterologous immunity of natural killer cells by eliciting type I interferons from dendritic cells via STING-dependent sensing of cyclic-di-GMP. Microbes Infect 2023; 25:105144. [PMID: 37120009 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2023.105144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Exploiting the heterologous effects of vaccines is a feasible strategy to combat different pathogens. These effects have been explained by enhanced immune responses of innate immune cells. Mycobacterium paragordonae is a rare nontuberculosis mycobacterium that has temperature-sensitive properties. Although natural killer (NK) cells exhibit heterologous immunity features, the cellular crosstalk between NK cells and dendritic cells (DCs) during live mycobacterial infection has remained elusive. We show that live but not dead M. paragordonae enhances heterologous immunity against unrelated pathogens in NK cells by IFN-β of DCs in both mouse models and primary human immune cells. C-di-GMP from live M. paragordonae acted as a viability-associated pathogen-associated molecular pattern (Vita-PAMP), leading to STING-dependent type I IFN production in DCs via the IRE1α/XBP1s pathway. Also, increased cytosolic 2'3'-cGAMP by cGAS can induce type I IFN response in DCs by live M. paragordonae infection. We found that DC-derived IFN-β plays a pivotal role in NK cell activation by live M. paragordonae infection, showing NK cell-mediated nonspecific protective effects against Candida albicans infection in a mouse model. Our findings indicate that the heterologous effect of live M. paragordonae vaccination is mediated by NK cells based on the crosstalk between DCs and NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Hyun Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; BK21 FOUR Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Ram Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejun Seo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehun Oh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; BK21 FOUR Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Lin Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum-Joon Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Liver Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; BK21 FOUR Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.
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4
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St Clair LA, Chaulagain S, Klein SL, Benn CS, Flanagan KL. Sex-Differential and Non-specific Effects of Vaccines Over the Life Course. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2023; 441:225-251. [PMID: 37695431 PMCID: PMC10917449 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-35139-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Biological sex and age have profound effects on immune responses throughout the lifespan and impact vaccine acceptance, responses, and outcomes. Mounting evidence from epidemiological, clinical, and animal model studies show that males and females respond differentially to vaccination throughout the lifespan. Within age groups, females tend to produce greater vaccine-induced immune responses than males, with sex differences apparent across all age groups, but are most pronounced among reproductive aged individuals. Females report more adverse effects following vaccination than males. Females, especially among children under 5 years of age, also experience more non-specific effects of vaccination. Despite these known sex- and age-specific differences in vaccine-induced immune responses and outcomes, sex and age are often ignored in vaccine research. Herein, we review the known sex differences in the immunogenicity, effectiveness, reactogenicity, and non-specific effects of vaccination over the lifespan. Ways in which these data can be leveraged to improve vaccine research are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A St Clair
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sabal Chaulagain
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sabra L Klein
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christine Stabell Benn
- Institute of Clinical Research and Danish Institute for Advanced Study, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Katie L Flanagan
- Tasmanian Vaccine Trial Centre, Clifford Craig Foundation, Launceston General Hospital, Launceston, TAS, Australia.
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Patel RS, Agrawal B. Heterologous immunity induced by 1 st generation COVID-19 vaccines and its role in developing a pan-coronavirus vaccine. Front Immunol 2022; 13:952229. [PMID: 36045689 PMCID: PMC9420909 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.952229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative infectious agent of the COVID-19 pandemic, has led to multiple (4-6) waves of infections worldwide during the past two years. The development of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 has led to successful mass immunizations worldwide, mitigating the worldwide mortality due the pandemic to a great extent. Yet the evolution of new variants highlights a need to develop a universal vaccine which can prevent infections from all virulent SARS-CoV-2. Most of the current first generation COVID-19 vaccines are based on the Spike protein from the original Wuhan-hu-1 virus strain. It is encouraging that they still protect from serious illnesses, hospitalizations and mortality against a number of mutated viral strains, to varying degrees. Understanding the mechanisms by which these vaccines provide heterologous protection against multiple highly mutated variants can reveal strategies to develop a universal vaccine. In addition, many unexposed individuals have been found to harbor T cells that are cross-reactive against SARS-CoV-2 antigens, with a possible protective role. In this review, we will discuss various aspects of natural or vaccine-induced heterologous (cross-reactive) adaptive immunity against SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses, and their role in achieving the concept of a pan-coronavirus vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Babita Agrawal
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Miyara M, Saichi M, Sterlin D, Anna F, Marot S, Mathian A, Atif M, Quentric P, Mohr A, Claër L, Parizot C, Dorgham K, Yssel H, Fadlallah J, Chazal T, Haroche J, Luyt CE, Mayaux J, Beurton A, Benameur N, Boutolleau D, Burrel S, de Alba S, Mudumba S, Hockett R, Gunn C, Charneau P, Calvez V, Marcelin AG, Combes A, Demoule A, Amoura Z, Gorochov G. Pre-COVID-19 Immunity to Common Cold Human Coronaviruses Induces a Recall-Type IgG Response to SARS-CoV-2 Antigens Without Cross-Neutralisation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:790334. [PMID: 35222375 PMCID: PMC8873934 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.790334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The capacity of pre-existing immunity to human common coronaviruses (HCoV) to cross-protect against de novo COVID-19is yet unknown. In this work, we studied the sera of 175 COVID-19 patients, 76 healthy donors and 3 intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) batches. We found that most COVID-19 patients developed anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies before IgM. Moreover, the capacity of their IgGs to react to beta-HCoV, was present in the early sera of most patients before the appearance of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG. This implied that a recall-type antibody response was generated. In comparison, the patients that mounted an anti-SARS-COV2 IgM response, prior to IgG responses had lower titres of anti-beta-HCoV IgG antibodies. This indicated that pre-existing immunity to beta-HCoV was conducive to the generation of memory type responses to SARS-COV-2. Finally, we also found that pre-COVID-19-era sera and IVIG cross-reacted with SARS-CoV-2 antigens without neutralising SARS-CoV-2 infectivity in vitro. Put together, these results indicate that whilst pre-existing immunity to HCoV is responsible for recall-type IgG responses to SARS-CoV-2, it does not lead to cross-protection against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Miyara
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Melissa Saichi
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Sterlin
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Unit of Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - François Anna
- Unité de Virologie Moléculaire et Vaccinologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Theravectys, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Marot
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Service de Virologie, Paris, France
| | - Alexis Mathian
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Service de Médecine Interne 2, Institut E3M, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Mo Atif
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Paul Quentric
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Audrey Mohr
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Laetitia Claër
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Parizot
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Karim Dorgham
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Hans Yssel
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Jehane Fadlallah
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Service de Médecine Interne 2, Institut E3M, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Thibaut Chazal
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Service de Médecine Interne 2, Institut E3M, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Julien Haroche
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Service de Médecine Interne 2, Institut E3M, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Charles-Edouard Luyt
- Service de Médecine Intensive Réanimation, Institut de Cardiologie, APHP, Sorbonne-Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMRS 1166-ICAN Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France
| | - Julien Mayaux
- Service de Médecine Intensive-Réanimation, APHP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Beurton
- Service de Médecine Intensive-Réanimation, APHP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMRS Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, Paris, France
| | - Neila Benameur
- Service de la pharmacie, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - David Boutolleau
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Service de Virologie, Paris, France
| | - Sonia Burrel
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Service de Virologie, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Cary Gunn
- Genalyte Inc., San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Pierre Charneau
- Unité de Virologie Moléculaire et Vaccinologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Theravectys, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Calvez
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Service de Virologie, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Geneviève Marcelin
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Service de Virologie, Paris, France
| | - Alain Combes
- Service de Médecine Intensive Réanimation, Institut de Cardiologie, APHP, Sorbonne-Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMRS 1166-ICAN Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Demoule
- Service de Médecine Intensive-Réanimation, APHP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Zahir Amoura
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Service de Médecine Interne 2, Institut E3M, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Guy Gorochov
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Guy Gorochov,
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Portillo V, Fedeli C, Ustero Alonso P, Petignat I, Mereles Costa EC, Sulstarova A, Jaksic C, Yerly S, Calmy A. Impact on HIV-1 RNA Levels and Antibody Responses Following SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in HIV-Infected Individuals. Front Immunol 2022; 12:820126. [PMID: 35222357 PMCID: PMC8866244 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.820126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to assess the immunological response and impact on virological control of the mRNA vaccines for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) among people living with HIV (PLWH). In this single-center observational study, all PLWH were offered vaccination with mRNA1273 or BNT162b2. Both anti-N and anti-S1-receptor binding domain (RBD) antibodies were measured together with HIV-1 RNA levels after the first dose (M0) and then at 1 (M1), 2 (M2) and 6 (M6) months later. A total of 131 individuals (median age: 54 years [IQR: 47.0-60.5]; male: 70.2%; median baseline CD4 T-cell: 602/µl [IQR 445.0-825.5]; median nadir CD4 T-cells 223/µl [IQR 111.0-330.0]) were included. All participants were positive for anti-RBD antibodies at 30 days, 60 days and 6 months after the first dose, with no statistical difference between those with HIV-1 RNA below or >20 copies/ml. HIV-1 RNA data were collected for 128 patients at baseline and 30 days after the first dose; for 124 individuals, 30 days after the second dose; and for 83 patients, 6 months after the first dose. Nineteen (14.8%) of 128 had detectable HIV-1 RNA (>20 copies/ml) at M0, 13/128 (10.2%) at M1 (among which 5 were newly detectable), 15/124 (12.1%) at M2 (among which 5 were newly detectable), and 8/83 (9.6%) at M6. No serious adverse effects were reported. All participants elicited antibodies after two doses of mRNA vaccines, with only a minor impact on HIV-1 RNA levels over a 6-month period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Portillo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Chiara Fedeli
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pilar Ustero Alonso
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ianis Petignat
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Adi Sulstarova
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cyril Jaksic
- Clinical Research Centre (CRC) & Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Health and Community Medicine, University of Geneva and Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Yerly
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, and Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases and Laboratory of Virology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Calmy
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Singanallur NB, Eblé PL, Ludi AB, Statham B, Bin-Tarif A, King DP, Dekker A, Vosloo W. A Vaccine Based on the A/ASIA/G-VII Lineage of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Offers Low Levels of Protection against Circulating Viruses from the A/ASIA/Iran-05 lineage. Viruses 2022; 14:97. [PMID: 35062300 PMCID: PMC8781018 DOI: 10.3390/v14010097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent emergence and circulation of the A/ASIA/G-VII (A/G-VII) lineage of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) in the Middle East has resulted in the development of homologous vaccines to ensure susceptible animals are sufficiently protected against clinical disease. However, a second serotype A lineage called A/ASIA/Iran-05 (A/IRN/05) continues to circulate in the region and it is therefore imperative to ensure vaccine strains used will protect against both lineages. In addition, for FMDV vaccine banks that usually hold a limited number of strains, it is necessary to include strains with a broad antigenic coverage. To assess the cross protective ability of an A/G-VII emergency vaccine (formulated at 43 (95% CI 8-230) PD50/dose as determined during homologous challenge), we performed a heterologous potency test according to the European Pharmacopoeia design using a field isolate from the A/IRN/05 lineage as the challenge virus. The estimated heterologous potency in this study was 2.0 (95% CI 0.4-6.0) PD50/dose, which is below the minimum potency recommended by the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE). Furthermore, the cross-reactive antibody titres against the heterologous challenge virus were poor (≤log10 0.9), even in those cattle that had received the full dose of vaccine. The geometric mean r1-value was 0.2 (95% CI 0.03-0.8), similar to the potency ratio of 0.04 (95% CI 0.004-0.3). Vaccination decreased viraemia and virus excretion compared to the unvaccinated controls. Our results indicate that this A/G-VII vaccine does not provide sufficient protection against viruses belonging to the A/IRN/05 lineage and therefore the A/G-VII vaccine strain cannot replace the A/IRN/05 vaccine strain but could be considered an additional strain for use in vaccines and antigen banks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Phaedra Lydia Eblé
- Laboratory Vesicular Diseases, Department of Virology and Molecular Biology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Houtribweg 39, 8221 RA Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | | | - Bob Statham
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking GU24 ONF, UK
| | | | - Donald P King
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking GU24 ONF, UK
| | - Aldo Dekker
- Laboratory Vesicular Diseases, Department of Virology and Molecular Biology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Houtribweg 39, 8221 RA Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Wilna Vosloo
- Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, CSIRO-Health & Biosecurity, 5 Portarlington Road, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
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9
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Khairallah C, Bettke JA, Gorbatsevych O, Qiu Z, Zhang Y, Cho K, Kim KS, Chu TH, Imperato JN, Hatano S, Romanov G, Yoshikai Y, Puddington L, Surh CD, Bliska JB, van der Velden AWM, Sheridan BS. A blend of broadly-reactive and pathogen-selected Vγ4 Vδ1 T cell receptors confer broad bacterial reactivity of resident memory γδ T cells. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:176-187. [PMID: 34462572 PMCID: PMC8738109 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00447-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Although murine γδ T cells are largely considered innate immune cells, they have recently been reported to form long-lived memory populations. Much remains unknown about the biology and specificity of memory γδ T cells. Here, we interrogated intestinal memory Vγ4 Vδ1 T cells generated after foodborne Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) infection to uncover an unanticipated complexity in the specificity of these cells. Deep TCR sequencing revealed that a subset of non-canonical Vδ1 clones are selected by Lm infection, consistent with antigen-specific clonal expansion. Ex vivo stimulations and in vivo heterologous challenge infections with diverse pathogenic bacteria revealed that Lm-elicited memory Vγ4 Vδ1 T cells are broadly reactive. The Vγ4 Vδ1 T cell recall response to Lm, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (STm) and Citrobacter rodentium was largely mediated by the γδTCR as internalizing the γδTCR prevented T cell expansion. Both broadly-reactive canonical and pathogen-selected non-canonical Vδ1 clones contributed to memory responses to Lm and STm. Interestingly, some non-canonical γδ T cell clones selected by Lm infection also responded after STm infection, suggesting some level of cross-reactivity. These findings underscore the promiscuous nature of memory γδ T cells and suggest that pathogen-elicited memory γδ T cells are potential targets for broad-spectrum anti-infective vaccines.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Bacterial/immunology
- Bacterial Infections/immunology
- Bacterial Vaccines/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Citrobacter rodentium/physiology
- Cross Reactions
- High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
- Immunity, Heterologous
- Listeria monocytogenes/physiology
- Memory T Cells/immunology
- Memory T Cells/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/metabolism
- Salmonella typhi/physiology
- T-Cell Antigen Receptor Specificity
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Khairallah
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Julie A Bettke
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Oleksandr Gorbatsevych
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Zhijuan Qiu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Kyungjin Cho
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang, Republic of Korea
- Division of integrative Biosciences & Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Soon Kim
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang, Republic of Korea
- Division of integrative Biosciences & Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Timothy H Chu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Jessica N Imperato
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Shinya Hatano
- Division of Immunology and Genome Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Galina Romanov
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Yasunobo Yoshikai
- Division of Immunology and Genome Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Lynn Puddington
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Charles D Surh
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang, Republic of Korea
- Division of integrative Biosciences & Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - James B Bliska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Adrianus W M van der Velden
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Brian S Sheridan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
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10
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Ould Setti M, Ould Setti M. Letter to the editor RE: Berendsen et al., 2016 'Non-specific Effects of Vaccines and Stunting: Timing May Be Essential'. EBioMedicine 2021; 72:103604. [PMID: 34614462 PMCID: PMC8498231 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mounir Ould Setti
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Global Database Studies, IQVIA, Espoo, Finland.
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11
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Martinez DR, Schäfer A, Leist SR, De la Cruz G, West A, Atochina-Vasserman EN, Lindesmith LC, Pardi N, Parks R, Barr M, Li D, Yount B, Saunders KO, Weissman D, Haynes BF, Montgomery SA, Baric RS. Chimeric spike mRNA vaccines protect against Sarbecovirus challenge in mice. Science 2021; 373:991-998. [PMID: 34214046 PMCID: PMC8899822 DOI: 10.1126/science.abi4506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in 2003 and SARS-CoV-2 in 2019 highlights the need to develop universal vaccination strategies against the broader Sarbecovirus subgenus. Using chimeric spike designs, we demonstrate protection against challenge from SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-2 B.1.351, bat CoV (Bt-CoV) RsSHC014, and a heterologous Bt-CoV WIV-1 in vulnerable aged mice. Chimeric spike messenger RNAs (mRNAs) induced high levels of broadly protective neutralizing antibodies against high-risk Sarbecoviruses. By contrast, SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination not only showed a marked reduction in neutralizing titers against heterologous Sarbecoviruses, but SARS-CoV and WIV-1 challenge in mice resulted in breakthrough infections. Chimeric spike mRNA vaccines efficiently neutralized D614G, mink cluster five, and the UK B.1.1.7 and South African B.1.351 variants of concern. Thus, multiplexed-chimeric spikes can prevent SARS-like zoonotic coronavirus infections with pandemic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Martinez
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Alexandra Schäfer
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sarah R Leist
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Gabriela De la Cruz
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ande West
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Elena N Atochina-Vasserman
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lisa C Lindesmith
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Norbert Pardi
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert Parks
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Maggie Barr
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Dapeng Li
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Boyd Yount
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kevin O Saunders
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Drew Weissman
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Barton F Haynes
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Stephanie A Montgomery
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ralph S Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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12
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Shaw RH, Stuart A, Greenland M, Liu X, Nguyen Van-Tam JS, Snape MD. Heterologous prime-boost COVID-19 vaccination: initial reactogenicity data. Lancet 2021; 397:2043-2046. [PMID: 33991480 PMCID: PMC8115940 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01115-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Shaw
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Arabella Stuart
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Melanie Greenland
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Xinxue Liu
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Jonathan S Nguyen Van-Tam
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Matthew D Snape
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.
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13
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Chumakov K, Avidan MS, Benn CS, Bertozzi SM, Blatt L, Chang AY, Jamison DT, Khader SA, Kottilil S, Netea MG, Sparrow A, Gallo RC. Old vaccines for new infections: Exploiting innate immunity to control COVID-19 and prevent future pandemics. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2101718118. [PMID: 34006644 PMCID: PMC8166166 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2101718118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic triggered an unparalleled pursuit of vaccines to induce specific adaptive immunity, based on virus-neutralizing antibodies and T cell responses. Although several vaccines have been developed just a year after SARS-CoV-2 emerged in late 2019, global deployment will take months or even years. Meanwhile, the virus continues to take a severe toll on human life and exact substantial economic costs. Innate immunity is fundamental to mammalian host defense capacity to combat infections. Innate immune responses, triggered by a family of pattern recognition receptors, induce interferons and other cytokines and activate both myeloid and lymphoid immune cells to provide protection against a wide range of pathogens. Epidemiological and biological evidence suggests that the live-attenuated vaccines (LAV) targeting tuberculosis, measles, and polio induce protective innate immunity by a newly described form of immunological memory termed "trained immunity." An LAV designed to induce adaptive immunity targeting a particular pathogen may also induce innate immunity that mitigates other infectious diseases, including COVID-19, as well as future pandemic threats. Deployment of existing LAVs early in pandemics could complement the development of specific vaccines, bridging the protection gap until specific vaccines arrive. The broad protection induced by LAVs would not be compromised by potential antigenic drift (immune escape) that can render viruses resistant to specific vaccines. LAVs might offer an essential tool to "bend the pandemic curve," averting the exhaustion of public health resources and preventing needless deaths and may also have therapeutic benefits if used for postexposure prophylaxis of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Chumakov
- Food and Drug Administration Office of Vaccine Research and Review, Global Virus Network Center of Excellence, Silver Spring, MD 20993
| | - Michael S Avidan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO 63130
| | - Christine S Benn
- Department of Clinical Research, Global Virus Network Center of Excellence, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
- Danish Institute for Advanced Study, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Stefano M Bertozzi
- School of Public Health, Global Virus Network, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94704
- School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
- El Centro de Investigación en Evaluación y Encuestas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, 62100 Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Lawrence Blatt
- Aligos Therapeutics, Global Virus Network Center of Excellence, San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Angela Y Chang
- Danish Institute for Advanced Study, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Dean T Jamison
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, Global Virus Network, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Shabaana A Khader
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Shyam Kottilil
- Institute of Human Virology, Global Virus Network Center of Excellence, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Global Virus Network Center of Excellence, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Immunology and Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Annie Sparrow
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Robert C Gallo
- Institute of Human Virology, Global Virus Network Center of Excellence, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201;
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14
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Venkatasubramaniam A, Liao G, Cho E, Adhikari RP, Kort T, Holtsberg FW, Elsass KE, Kobs DJ, Rudge TL, Kauffman KD, Lora NE, Barber DL, Aman MJ, Karauzum H. Safety and Immunogenicity of a 4-Component Toxoid-Based Staphylococcus aureus Vaccine in Rhesus Macaques. Front Immunol 2021; 12:621754. [PMID: 33717122 PMCID: PMC7947289 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.621754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of significant morbidity and mortality and an enormous economic burden to public health worldwide. Infections caused by methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) pose a major threat as MRSA strains are becoming increasingly prevalent and multi-drug resistant. To this date, vaccines targeting surface-bound antigens demonstrated promising results in preclinical testing but have failed in clinical trials. S. aureus pathogenesis is in large part driven by immune destructive and immune modulating toxins and thus represent promising vaccine targets. Hence, the objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of a staphylococcal 4-component vaccine targeting secreted bi-component pore-forming toxins (BCPFTs) and superantigens (SAgs) in non-human primates (NHPs). The 4-component vaccine proved to be safe, even when repeated vaccinations were given at a dose that is 5 to 10- fold higher than the proposed human dose. Vaccinated rhesus macaques did not exhibit clinical signs, weight loss, or changes in hematology or serum chemistry parameters related to the administration of the vaccine. No acute, vaccine-related elevation of serum cytokine levels was observed after vaccine administration, confirming the toxoid components lacked superantigenicity. Immunized animals demonstrated high level of toxin-specific total and neutralizing antibodies toward target antigens of the 4-component vaccine as well as cross-neutralizing activity toward staphylococcal BCPFTs and SAgs that are not direct targets of the vaccine. Cross-neutralization was also observed toward the heterologous streptococcal pyogenic exotoxin B. Ex vivo stimulation of PBMCs with individual vaccine components demonstrated an overall increase in several T cell cytokines measured in supernatants. Immunophenotyping of CD4 T cells ex vivo showed an increase in Ag-specific polyfunctional CD4 T cells in response to antigen stimulation. Taken together, we demonstrate that the 4-component vaccine is well-tolerated and immunogenic in NHPs generating both humoral and cellular immune responses. Targeting secreted toxin antigens could be the next-generation vaccine approach for staphylococcal vaccines if also proven to provide efficacy in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Grant Liao
- Integrated BioTherapeutics, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Eunice Cho
- Integrated BioTherapeutics, Rockville, MD, United States
| | | | - Tom Kort
- Integrated BioTherapeutics, Rockville, MD, United States
| | | | | | - Dean J. Kobs
- Batelle - West Jefferson, West Jefferson, OH, United States
| | | | - Keith D. Kauffman
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, T Lymphocyte Biology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Nickiana E. Lora
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, T Lymphocyte Biology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Daniel L. Barber
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, T Lymphocyte Biology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - M. Javad Aman
- Integrated BioTherapeutics, Rockville, MD, United States
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15
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Merritt E, Londoño MC, Childs K, Whitehouse G, Kodela E, Sánchez-Fueyo A, Martínez-Llordella M. On the impact of hepatitis C virus and heterologous immunity on alloimmune responses following liver transplantation. Am J Transplant 2021; 21:247-257. [PMID: 32524678 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Virus-induced heterologous immunity is considered a barrier to transplantation tolerance. Yet, hepatitis C (HCV)-infected liver transplant (LT) patients occasionally achieve operational tolerance. We investigated the mechanisms through which HCV infection modulates donor-specific T cell responses following LT and the influence of HCV eradication. We generated T cell lines from HCV-infected LT and non-LT patients before and after HCV eradication and quantified alloreactive responses using cell lines expressing single-HLA class-I antigens in the presence/absence of PD-1/CTLA-4 blockade. HCV-specific CD8+ T cells cross-reacted with allogeneic class-I HLA molecules. HCV-positive LT recipients exhibited a higher proportion of CD8+ T cells coexpressing inhibitory receptors (PD-1/CTLA4) than HCV-negative LT, and their expression correlated with CXCL10 plasma levels. This resulted in decreased antidonor and third-party proliferative responses, which were significantly reversed by HCV eradication. PD-1/CTLA-4 blockade increased the proportion of HCV-specific CD8+ T cells reacting against donor only before viral clearance. In conclusion, HCV infection results in the generation of HCV-specific CD8+ T cells capable of reacting against allogeneic HLA molecules. Following LT, this results in a PD-1/CTLA4-dependent decrease in alloimmune responses. Our findings challenge the notion that heterologous immunity is necessarily detrimental in LT and provide an explanation for the association between HCV eradication and immune-mediated allograft damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot Merritt
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, Department of Inflammation Biology, Faculty e Sciences & Medicine, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Maria-Carlota Londoño
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, Department of Inflammation Biology, Faculty e Sciences & Medicine, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London, London, UK
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBEREHD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kate Childs
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, Department of Inflammation Biology, Faculty e Sciences & Medicine, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Gavin Whitehouse
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, Department of Inflammation Biology, Faculty e Sciences & Medicine, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Elisavet Kodela
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, Department of Inflammation Biology, Faculty e Sciences & Medicine, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alberto Sánchez-Fueyo
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, Department of Inflammation Biology, Faculty e Sciences & Medicine, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Marc Martínez-Llordella
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, Department of Inflammation Biology, Faculty e Sciences & Medicine, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London, London, UK
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16
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Loberg LI, Chhaya M, Ibraghimov A, Tarcsa E, Striebinger A, Popp A, Huang L, Oellien F, Barghorn S. Off-target binding of an anti-amyloid beta monoclonal antibody to platelet factor 4 causes acute and chronic toxicity in cynomolgus monkeys. MAbs 2021; 13:1887628. [PMID: 33596779 PMCID: PMC7894423 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2021.1887628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
ABT-736 is a humanized monoclonal antibody generated to target a specific conformation of the amyloid-beta (Aβ) protein oligomer. Development of ABT-736 for Alzheimer's disease was discontinued due to severe adverse effects (AEs) observed in cynomolgus monkey toxicity studies. The acute nature of AEs observed only at the highest doses suggested potential binding of ABT-736 to an abundant plasma protein. Follow-up investigations indicated polyspecificity of ABT-736, including unintended high-affinity binding to monkey and human plasma protein platelet factor 4 (PF-4), known to be involved in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) in humans. The chronic AEs observed at the lower doses after repeat administration in monkeys were consistent with HIT pathology. Screening for a backup antibody revealed that ABT-736 possessed additional unintended binding characteristics to other, unknown factors. A subsequently implemented screening funnel focused on nonspecific binding led to the identification of h4D10, a high-affinity Aβ oligomer binding antibody that did not bind PF-4 or other unintended targets and had no AEs in vivo. This strengthened the hypothesis that ABT-736 toxicity was not Aβ target-related, but instead was the consequence of polyspecificity including PF-4 binding, which likely mediated the acute and chronic AEs and the HIT-like pathology. In conclusion, thorough screening of antibody candidates for nonspecific interactions with unrelated molecules at early stages of discovery can eliminate candidates with polyspecificity and reduce potential for toxicity caused by off-target binding.
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MESH Headings
- Alzheimer Vaccines/immunology
- Alzheimer Vaccines/pharmacokinetics
- Alzheimer Vaccines/toxicity
- Amyloid beta-Peptides/antagonists & inhibitors
- Amyloid beta-Peptides/immunology
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacokinetics
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/toxicity
- Antibody Specificity
- Blood Platelets/drug effects
- Blood Platelets/immunology
- Blood Platelets/metabolism
- Female
- Humans
- Immunity, Heterologous
- Macaca fascicularis
- Male
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level
- Platelet Activation/drug effects
- Platelet Factor 4/antagonists & inhibitors
- Platelet Factor 4/immunology
- Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/blood
- Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/chemically induced
- Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/immunology
- Risk Assessment
- Time Factors
- Toxicity Tests, Acute
- Toxicity Tests, Chronic
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise I. Loberg
- Development Sciences, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Meha Chhaya
- Global Biologics, AbbVie Inc., Worcester, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Andreas Popp
- Preclinical Safety, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Lili Huang
- Global Biologics, AbbVie Inc., Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Frank Oellien
- Discovery Chemistry, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Stefan Barghorn
- Discovery Biology, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Ludwigshafen, Germany
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17
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Liu Q, Shen X, Bian X, Kong Q. Effect of deletion of gene cluster involved in synthesis of Enterobacterial common antigen on virulence and immunogenicity of live attenuated Salmonella vaccine when delivering heterologous Streptococcus pneumoniae antigen PspA. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:150. [PMID: 32513100 PMCID: PMC7278252 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01837-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enterobacterial common antigen (ECA) is a family-specific surface antigen shared by all members of the Enterobacteriaceae family. Previous studies showed that the loss of ECA results in Salmonella attenuation, indicating its usefulness as a vaccine candidate for Salmonella infection, but no studies have shown whether the mutation resulting from the deletion of the ECA operon in conjunction with other mutations could be used as an antigen vehicle for heterologous protein antigen delivery. RESULTS In this study, we introduced a nonpolar, defined ECA operon deletion into wild-type S. Typhimurium χ3761 and an attenuated vaccine strain χ9241, obtaining two isogenic ECA operon mutants, namely, χ12357 and χ12358, respectively. A number of in vitro and in vivo properties of the mutants were analyzed. We found that the loss of ECA did not affect the growth, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) production and motility of S. Typhimurium wild type strain χ3761 and its attenuated vaccine strain χ9241 but significantly affected the virulence when administered orally to BALB/c mice. Furthermore, the effects of the ECA mutation on the immunogenicity of a recombinant S. Typhimurium vaccine strain χ9241 when delivering the pneumococcal antigen PspA were determined. The result showed that the total anti-PspA IgG level of χ12358 (pYA4088) was slightly lower than that of χ9241 (pYA4088), but the protection rate was not compromised. CONCLUSIONS ECA affects virulence and benefits the Th2 immunity of Salmonella Typhimurium, therefore, it is feasible to use a reversible ECA mutant mode to design future Salmonella vaccine strains for heterologous protective antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Herbivores Resource Protection and Utilization, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuegang Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoping Bian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingke Kong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
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18
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Arunachalam PS, Charles TP, Joag V, Bollimpelli VS, Scott MKD, Wimmers F, Burton SL, Labranche CC, Petitdemange C, Gangadhara S, Styles TM, Quarnstrom CF, Walter KA, Ketas TJ, Legere T, Jagadeesh Reddy PB, Kasturi SP, Tsai A, Yeung BZ, Gupta S, Tomai M, Vasilakos J, Shaw GM, Kang CY, Moore JP, Subramaniam S, Khatri P, Montefiori D, Kozlowski PA, Derdeyn CA, Hunter E, Masopust D, Amara RR, Pulendran B. T cell-inducing vaccine durably prevents mucosal SHIV infection even with lower neutralizing antibody titers. Nat Med 2020; 26:932-940. [PMID: 32393800 PMCID: PMC7303014 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-020-0858-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent efforts toward an HIV vaccine focus on inducing broadly neutralizing antibodies, but eliciting both neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) and cellular responses may be superior. Here, we immunized macaques with an HIV envelope trimer, either alone to induce nAbs, or together with a heterologous viral vector regimen to elicit nAbs and cellular immunity, including CD8+ tissue-resident memory T cells. After ten vaginal challenges with autologous virus, protection was observed in both vaccine groups at 53.3% and 66.7%, respectively. A nAb titer >300 was generally associated with protection but in the heterologous viral vector + nAb group, titers <300 were sufficient. In this group, protection was durable as the animals resisted six more challenges 5 months later. Antigen stimulation of T cells in ex vivo vaginal tissue cultures triggered antiviral responses in myeloid and CD4+ T cells. We propose that cellular immune responses reduce the threshold of nAbs required to confer superior and durable protection.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/drug effects
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/drug effects
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Female
- Gene Products, gag/genetics
- Gene Products, gag/immunology
- Genetic Vectors
- Immunity, Cellular/drug effects
- Immunity, Cellular/immunology
- Immunity, Heterologous
- Immunogenicity, Vaccine
- Immunologic Memory/immunology
- Macaca mulatta
- Mucous Membrane
- SAIDS Vaccines/pharmacology
- Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/prevention & control
- Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/immunology
- Vagina
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhu S Arunachalam
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tysheena P Charles
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Vineet Joag
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Venkata S Bollimpelli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center at Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Madeleine K D Scott
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Florian Wimmers
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Samantha L Burton
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Celia C Labranche
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Caroline Petitdemange
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center at Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- HIV Inflammation and Persistence Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Sailaja Gangadhara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center at Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tiffany M Styles
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center at Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Clare F Quarnstrom
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Korey A Walter
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Thomas J Ketas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Traci Legere
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center at Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Pradeep Babu Jagadeesh Reddy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center at Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Pfizer, Andover, MA, USA
| | - Sudhir Pai Kasturi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center at Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Shakti Gupta
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mark Tomai
- 3M Corporate Research and Materials Lab, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | | | - George M Shaw
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chil-Yong Kang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - John P Moore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shankar Subramaniam
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Purvesh Khatri
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David Montefiori
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Pamela A Kozlowski
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Cynthia A Derdeyn
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Eric Hunter
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - David Masopust
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Rama R Amara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center at Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Bali Pulendran
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel Curtis
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Infectious Diseases Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Infectious Diseases Unit, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Annie Sparrow
- The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Immunology and Metabolism, Life & Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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20
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Miller SM, Cybulski V, Whitacre M, Bess LS, Livesay MT, Walsh L, Burkhart D, Bazin HG, Evans JT. Novel Lipidated Imidazoquinoline TLR7/8 Adjuvants Elicit Influenza-Specific Th1 Immune Responses and Protect Against Heterologous H3N2 Influenza Challenge in Mice. Front Immunol 2020; 11:406. [PMID: 32210973 PMCID: PMC7075946 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Most licensed seasonal influenza vaccines are non-adjuvanted and rely primarily on vaccine-induced antibody titers for protection. As such, seasonal antigenic drift and suboptimal vaccine strain selection often results in reduced vaccine efficacy. Further, seasonal H3N2 influenza vaccines demonstrate poor efficacy compared to H1N1 and influenza type B vaccines. New vaccines, adjuvants, or delivery technologies that can induce broader or cross-seasonal protection against drifted influenza virus strains, likely through induction of protective T cell responses, are urgently needed. Here, we report novel lipidated TLR7/8 ligands that act as strong adjuvants to promote influenza-virus specific Th1-and Th17-polarized T cell responses and humoral responses in mice with no observable toxicity. Further, the adjuvanted influenza vaccine provided protection against a heterologous H3N2 influenza challenge in mice. These responses were further enhanced when combined with a synthetic TLR4 ligand adjuvant. Despite differences between human and mouse TLR7/8, these novel lipidated imidazoquinolines induced the production of cytokines required to polarize a Th1 and Th17 immune response in human PBMCs providing additional support for further development of these compounds as novel adjuvants for the induction of broad supra-seasonal protection from influenza virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon M. Miller
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Van Cybulski
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Margaret Whitacre
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Laura S. Bess
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Mark T. Livesay
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Lois Walsh
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - David Burkhart
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Hélène G. Bazin
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Jay T. Evans
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
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21
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Bernelin-Cottet C, Urien C, Fretaud M, Langevin C, Trus I, Jouneau L, Blanc F, Leplat JJ, Barc C, Boulesteix O, Riou M, Dysart M, Mahé S, Studsrub E, Nauwynck H, Bertho N, Bourry O, Schwartz-Cornil I. A DNA Prime Immuno-Potentiates a Modified Live Vaccine against the Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus but Does Not Improve Heterologous Protection. Viruses 2019; 11:E576. [PMID: 31242645 PMCID: PMC6631340 DOI: 10.3390/v11060576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), an RNA virus inducing abortion in sows and respiratory disease in young pigs, is a leading infectious cause of economic losses in the swine industry. Modified live vaccines (MLVs) help in controlling the disease, but their efficacy is often compromised by the high genetic diversity of circulating viruses, leading to vaccine escape variants in the field. In this study, we hypothesized that a DNA prime with naked plasmids encoding PRRSV antigens containing conserved T-cell epitopes may improve the protection of MLV against a heterologous challenge. Plasmids were delivered with surface electroporation or needle-free jet injection and European strain-derived PRRSV antigens were targeted or not to the dendritic cell receptor XCR1. Compared to MLV-alone, the DNA-MLV prime- boost regimen slightly improved the IFNγ T-cell response, and substantially increased the antibody response against envelope motives and the nucleoprotein N. The XCR1-targeting of N significantly improved the anti-N specific antibody response. Despite this immuno-potentiation, the DNA-MLV regimen did not further decrease the serum viral load or the nasal viral shedding of the challenge strain over MLV-alone. Finally, the heterologous protection, achieved in absence of detectable effective neutralizing antibodies, was not correlated to the measured antibody or to the IFNγ T-cell response. Therefore, immune correlates of protection remain to be identified and represent an important gap of knowledge in PRRSV vaccinology. This study importantly shows that a naked DNA prime immuno-potentiates an MLV, more on the B than on the IFNγ T-cell response side, and has to be further improved to reach cross-protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Bernelin-Cottet
- VIM, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Domaine de Vilvert, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Céline Urien
- VIM, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Domaine de Vilvert, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Maxence Fretaud
- VIM, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Domaine de Vilvert, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Christelle Langevin
- VIM, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Domaine de Vilvert, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
- VIM, EMERG'IN-Plateforme d'Infectiologie Expérimentale IERP, INRA, Domaine de Vilvert, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Ivan Trus
- Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Luc Jouneau
- VIM, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Domaine de Vilvert, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Fany Blanc
- GABI, INRA-AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Domaine de Vilvert, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Jean-Jacques Leplat
- GABI, INRA-AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Domaine de Vilvert, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Céline Barc
- Plate-Forme d'Infectiologie Expérimentale-PFIE-UE1277, Centre Val de Loire, INRA, 37380 Nouzilly, France.
| | - Olivier Boulesteix
- Plate-Forme d'Infectiologie Expérimentale-PFIE-UE1277, Centre Val de Loire, INRA, 37380 Nouzilly, France.
| | - Mickaël Riou
- Plate-Forme d'Infectiologie Expérimentale-PFIE-UE1277, Centre Val de Loire, INRA, 37380 Nouzilly, France.
| | - Marilyn Dysart
- Pharmajet, 400 Corporate Circle Suite N, Golden, CO 80401, USA.
| | - Sophie Mahé
- Unité Virologie et Immunologie Porcines, Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Anses, BP 53, 22440 Ploufragan, France.
| | | | - Hans Nauwynck
- Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Nicolas Bertho
- VIM, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Domaine de Vilvert, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Olivier Bourry
- Unité Virologie et Immunologie Porcines, Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Anses, BP 53, 22440 Ploufragan, France.
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22
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Yusuf Y, Yoshii T, Iyori M, Yoshida K, Mizukami H, Fukumoto S, Yamamoto DS, Alam A, Emran TB, Amelia F, Islam A, Otsuka H, Takashima E, Tsuboi T, Yoshida S. Adeno-Associated Virus as an Effective Malaria Booster Vaccine Following Adenovirus Priming. Front Immunol 2019; 10:730. [PMID: 31024558 PMCID: PMC6460511 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An ideal malaria vaccine platform should potently induce protective immune responses and block parasite transmission from mosquito to human, and it should maintain these effects for an extended period. Here, we have focused on vaccine development based on adeno-associated virus serotype 1 (AAV1), a viral vector widely studied in the field of clinical gene therapy that is able to induce long-term transgene expression without causing toxicity in vivo. Our results show the potential utility of AAV1 vectors as an extremely potent booster vaccine to induce durable immunity when combined with an adenovirus-priming vaccine in a rodent malaria model. We generated a series of recombinant AAV1s and human adenovirus type 5 (AdHu5) expressing either Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (PfCSP) or P25 (Pfs25) protein. Heterologous two-dose immunization with an AdHu5-prime and AAV1-boost (AdHu5-AAV1) elicited robust and durable PfCSP- or Pfs25-specific functional antibodies over 280 days. Regarding protective efficacy, AdHu5-AAV1 PfCSP achieved high sterile protection (up to 80% protection rate) against challenge with transgenic Plasmodium berghei sporozoites expressing PfCSP. When examining transmission-blocking (TB) efficacy, we found that immunization with AdHu5-AAV1 Pfs25 maintained TB activity in vivo against transgenic P. berghei expressing Pfs25 for 287 days (99% reduction in oocyst intensity, 85% reduction in oocyst prevalence). Our data indicate that AAV1-based malaria vaccines can confer potent and durable protection as well as TB efficacy when administered following an AdHu5 priming vaccine, supporting the further evaluation of this regimen in clinical trials as a next-generation malaria vaccine platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yenni Yusuf
- Laboratory of Vaccinology and Applied Immunology, Kanazawa University School of Pharmacy, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Tatsuya Yoshii
- Laboratory of Vaccinology and Applied Immunology, Kanazawa University School of Pharmacy, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Iyori
- Laboratory of Vaccinology and Applied Immunology, Kanazawa University School of Pharmacy, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kunitaka Yoshida
- Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Mizukami
- Division of Gene therapy, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Shinya Fukumoto
- National Research Centre for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Daisuke S. Yamamoto
- Division of Medical Zoology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Asrar Alam
- Laboratory of Vaccinology and Applied Immunology, Kanazawa University School of Pharmacy, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Laboratory of Vaccinology and Applied Immunology, Kanazawa University School of Pharmacy, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Fitri Amelia
- Laboratory of Vaccinology and Applied Immunology, Kanazawa University School of Pharmacy, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Ashekul Islam
- Laboratory of Vaccinology and Applied Immunology, Kanazawa University School of Pharmacy, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiromu Otsuka
- Laboratory of Vaccinology and Applied Immunology, Kanazawa University School of Pharmacy, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Eizo Takashima
- Division of Malaria Research, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Takafumi Tsuboi
- Division of Malaria Research, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Shigeto Yoshida
- Laboratory of Vaccinology and Applied Immunology, Kanazawa University School of Pharmacy, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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23
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Álvarez‐Larrotta C, Agudelo O, Duque Y, Gavina K, Yanow S, Maestre A, Carmona‐Fonseca J, Arango E. Submicroscopic Plasmodium infection during pregnancy is associated with reduced antibody levels to tetanus toxoid. Clin Exp Immunol 2019; 195:96-108. [PMID: 30194852 PMCID: PMC6300694 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Submicroscopic Plasmodium infections in pregnancy are common in endemic areas, and it is important to understand the impact of these low-level infections. Asymptomatic, chronic infections are advantageous for parasite persistence, particularly in areas where the optimal eco-epidemiological conditions for parasite transmission fluctuate. In chronic infections, the persistence of the antigenic stimulus changes the expression of immune mediators and promotes constant immune regulation, including increases in regulatory T cell populations. These alterations of the immune system could compromise the response to routine vaccination. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of submicroscopic plasmodial infection with P. falciparum and P. vivax during pregnancy on the immune response to the tetanus toxoid vaccine in Colombian women. Expression of different cytokines and mediators of immune regulation and levels of anti-tetanus toxoid (TT) immunoglobulin (Ig)G were quantified in pregnant women with and without submicroscopic plasmodial infection. The anti-TT IgG levels were significantly lower in the infected group compared with the uninfected group. The expression of interferon (IFN)-γ, tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3) was significantly higher in the infected group, while the expression of cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β was lower in the group of infected. In conclusion, submicroscopic Plasmodium infection altered the development of the immune response to the TT vaccine in Colombian pregnant women. The impact of Plasmodium infections on the immune regulatory pathways warrants further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Álvarez‐Larrotta
- Grupo Salud y Comunidad, Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de AntioquiaMedellínColombia
| | - O.M. Agudelo
- Grupo Salud y Comunidad, Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de AntioquiaMedellínColombia
| | - Y. Duque
- Grupo Salud y Comunidad, Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de AntioquiaMedellínColombia
| | - K. Gavina
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
| | - S.K. Yanow
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
- School of Public HealthUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
| | - A. Maestre
- Grupo Salud y Comunidad, Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de AntioquiaMedellínColombia
| | - J. Carmona‐Fonseca
- Grupo Salud y Comunidad, Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de AntioquiaMedellínColombia
| | - E. Arango
- Grupo Salud y Comunidad, Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de AntioquiaMedellínColombia
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24
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Uthayakumar D, Paris S, Chapat L, Freyburger L, Poulet H, De Luca K. Non-specific Effects of Vaccines Illustrated Through the BCG Example: From Observations to Demonstrations. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2869. [PMID: 30564249 PMCID: PMC6288394 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies regarding many successful vaccines suggest that vaccination may lead to a reduction in child mortality and morbidity worldwide, on a grander scale than is attributable to protection against the specific target diseases of these vaccines. These non-specific effects (NSEs) of the Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, for instance, implicate adaptive and innate immune mechanisms, with recent evidence suggesting that trained immunity might be a key instrument at play. Collectively referring to the memory-like characteristics of innate immune cells, trained immunity stems from epigenetic reprogramming that these innate immune cells undergo following exposure to a primary stimulus like BCG. The epigenetic changes subsequently regulate cytokine production and cell metabolism and in turn, epigenetic changes are regulated by these effects. Novel -omics technologies, combined with in vitro models for trained immunity and other immunological techniques, identify the biological pathways within innate cells that enable training by BCG. Future research should aim to identify biomarkers for vaccine heterologous effects, such that they can be applied to epidemiological studies. Linking biological mechanisms to the reduction in all-cause mortality observed in epidemiological studies will strengthen the evidence in favor of vaccine NSEs. The universal acceptance of these NSEs would demand a re-evaluation of current vaccination policies, such as the childhood vaccination recommendations by the World Health Organization, in order to produce the maximum impact on childhood mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deeva Uthayakumar
- R&D Lyon, Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health, Saint Priest, France
- Département Biologie, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
- Faculté de Médecine Jacques Lisfranc, Université Jean Monnet, Universités de Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Simon Paris
- R&D Lyon, Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health, Saint Priest, France
- Département Biologie, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
- Agressions Pulmonaires et Circulatoires dans le Sepsis (APCSE), VetAgro Sup, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Ludivine Chapat
- R&D Lyon, Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health, Saint Priest, France
| | - Ludovic Freyburger
- Agressions Pulmonaires et Circulatoires dans le Sepsis (APCSE), VetAgro Sup, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Hervé Poulet
- R&D Lyon, Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health, Saint Priest, France
| | - Karelle De Luca
- R&D Lyon, Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health, Saint Priest, France
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25
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Duthie MS, Van Hoeven N, MacMillen Z, Picone A, Mohamath R, Erasmus J, Hsu FC, Stinchcomb DT, Reed SG. Heterologous Immunization With Defined RNA and Subunit Vaccines Enhances T Cell Responses That Protect Against Leishmania donovani. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2420. [PMID: 30386348 PMCID: PMC6199377 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid generation of strong T cell responses is highly desirable and viral vectors can have potent CD8+ T cell-inducing activity. Immunity to leishmaniasis requires selective T cell responses, with immunization schemes that raise either CD4 or CD8 T cell responses being protective in small animal models. We have defined the leishmaniasis vaccine candidate recombinant fusion antigens, LEISH-F2 and LEISH-F3+, that when formulated in a stable emulsion with a Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 agonist, induce protective CD4+ T cell responses in animal models as well as providing therapeutic efficacy in canine leishmaniasis and in clinical trials in leishmaniasis patients. We used the genetic sequences of these validated vaccine antigens to design RNA vaccine constructs. Immunization of mice with the RNA replicons induced potent, local innate responses that were surprisingly independent of TLR7 and activated antigen-presenting cells (APC) to prime for extremely potent antigen-specific T helper 1 type responses upon heterologous boosting with either of the subunit vaccines (recombinant antigen with second generation glucopyranosyl lipid A in stable oil-in-water emulsion; SLA-SE). Inclusion of RNA in the immunization schedule also generated MHCI-restricted T cell responses. Immunization with LEISH-F2-expressing RNA vaccine followed later by subunit vaccine afforded protection against challenge with Leishmania donovani. Together, these data indicate the utility of heterologous prime-boost immunization schemes for the induction of potent antigen-specific CD4 and CD8 T cell responses for protection against intracellular pathogens.
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Canelli E, Catella A, Borghetti P, Ferrari L, Ogno G, De Angelis E, Bonilauri P, Guazzetti S, Nardini R, Martelli P. Efficacy of a modified-live virus vaccine in pigs experimentally infected with a highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus type 1 (HP-PRRSV-1). Vet Microbiol 2018; 226:89-96. [PMID: 30389048 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PRRS is one of the main viral diseases in pig production, causing huge economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. The virus shows an intrinsic genomic instability and is able to change continuously, with the emergence of new strains, with different pathogenicity patterns. Commercially available vaccines only partially prevent or counteract the disease and the correlated losses. Moreover, the emergence of highly virulent and pathogenetic isolates represents a particular concern for PRRS control and diagnosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a modified-live virus (MLV) PRRSV-1 commercial vaccine in reducing the severity of the disease and minimizing losses upon challenge with a highly pathogenic PRRSV-1.1 Italian isolate (PRRSV-1_PR40/2014). Four different groups were compared: C (unvaccinated-uninfected), VAC-C (vaccinated-uninfected), PR40 (unvaccinated-infected) and VAC-PR40 (vaccinated-infected). The tested vaccine provided partial, but statistically significant clinical, virological and pathological protection after challenge under experimental conditions. In particular, vaccinated animals showed reduced viremia in terms of duration and magnitude, reduced respiratory signs and pathological lesions. Vaccination was able to trigger adaptive immunity able to respond efficiently also against the HP PR40 isolate. Vaccinated animals showed higher average daily weight gain, even during the viremic period, compared to non-vaccinated challenged pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Canelli
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma, Italy.
| | - Alessia Catella
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Paolo Borghetti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Luca Ferrari
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Giulia Ogno
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Elena De Angelis
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Paolo Bonilauri
- IZSLER, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna "B. Ubertini", Unit of Reggio Emilia, Via Pitagora 2, 42100, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Stefano Guazzetti
- AUSL Reggio Emilia, Via Giovanni Amendola 2, 42122, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Roberto Nardini
- IZSLT, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana "M. Aleandri", Via Appia Nuova, 1411, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Martelli
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma, Italy
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27
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Balamurugan A, Ng HL, Yang OO. Cross-Reactivity against Multiple HIV-1 Epitopes Is Characteristic of HIV-1-Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Clones. J Virol 2018; 92:e00617-18. [PMID: 29899094 PMCID: PMC6069174 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00617-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although a high level of promiscuity for heterologous epitopes is believed to exist for cellular immunity, limited data explore this issue for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-specific CD8+ T lymphocyte (CTL) responses. Here, we found an unexpected degree of heterologous cross-reactivity against HIV-1 epitopes, in addition to the targeted index epitope. Most CTL clones screened cross-reacted against other known HIV-1 epitopes of the same major histocompatibility complex type I (MHC-I) restriction, up to 40% of tested nonindex epitopes in some cases. The observed cross-reactivity was universally lower avidity than recognition of the index epitope when examined for several A*02- and B*57-restricted CTL clones, demonstrating that the high concentrations of exogenous epitope typically used for screening of CTL responses are prone to detect such cross-reactivity spuriously. In agreement with this, we found that these cross-reactive responses do not appear to mediate CTL activity against HIV-1-infected cells. Overall, our data indicate that low-level cross-reactivity is remarkably common for HIV-1-specific CTLs. The role of this phenomenon is unclear, but low-avidity interactions have been shown to foster homeostatic proliferation of memory T cells.IMPORTANCE This study raises two issues related to HIV-1-specific CTL responses. These are key immune responses that retard disease progression in infected persons that are highly relevant to immunotherapies and vaccines for HIV-1. First, we make the novel observation that these responses are promiscuous and that CTLs targeting one epitope may cross-recognize other, completely distinct epitopes in the virus. While these are low-avidity interactions that do not appear to contribute directly to the antiviral activity of CTLs, this raises interesting biologic implications regarding the purpose of the phenomenon, such as providing a stimulus for these responses to persist long term. Second, the data raise a technical caveat to detection of CTL responses against particular epitopes, suggesting that some methodologies may unintentionally detect cross-reactivity and overestimate responses against an epitope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arumugam Balamurugan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California USA
- UCLA AIDS Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Hwee L Ng
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California USA
- UCLA AIDS Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Otto O Yang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California USA
- UCLA AIDS Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- AIDS Healthcare Foundation, Los Angeles, California, USA
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28
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Ding C, Ma J, Dong Q, Liu Q. Live bacterial vaccine vector and delivery strategies of heterologous antigen: A review. Immunol Lett 2018; 197:70-77. [PMID: 29550258 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Live bacteria, including attenuated bacteria and probiotics, can be engineered to deliver target antigen to excite the host immune system. The preponderance of these live bacterial vaccine vectors is that they can stimulate durable humoral and cellular immunity. Moreover, delivery strategies of heterologous antigen in live bacterial promote the applications of new vaccine development. Genetic technologies are evolving, which potentiate the developing of heterologous antigen delivery systems, including bacterial surface display system, bacterial secretion system and balanced lethal vector system. Although the live bacterial vaccine vector is a powerful adjuvant, certain disadvantages, such as safety risk, must also be taken into account. In this review, we compare the development of representative live bacterial vectors, and summarize the main characterizations of the various delivery strategies of heterologous antigen in live vector vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengchao Ding
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, PR China
| | - Junfei Ma
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, PR China
| | - Qingli Dong
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, PR China
| | - Qing Liu
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, PR China.
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29
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Wang L, Liu SY, Chen HW, Xu J, Chapon M, Zhang T, Zhou F, Wang YE, Quanquin N, Wang G, Tian X, He Z, Liu L, Yu W, Sanchez DJ, Liang Y, Jiang T, Modlin R, Bloom BR, Li Q, Deng JC, Zhou P, Qin FXF, Cheng G. Generation of a Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine that Elicits Broad Protection in Mice and Ferrets. Cell Host Microbe 2017; 21:334-343. [PMID: 28279345 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
New influenza vaccines that provide effective and broad protection are desperately needed. Live attenuated viruses are attractive vaccine candidates because they can elicit both humoral and cellular immune responses. However, recent formulations of live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIVs) have not been protective. We combined high-coverage transposon mutagenesis of influenza virus with a rapid high-throughput screening for attenuation to generate W7-791, a live attenuated mutant virus strain. W7-791 produced only a transient asymptomatic infection in adult and neonatal mice even at doses 100-fold higher than the LD50 of the parent strain. A single administration of W7-791 conferred full protection to mice against lethal challenge with H1N1, H3N2, and H5N1 strains, and improved viral clearance in ferrets. Adoptive transfer of T cells from W7-791-immunized mice conferred heterologous protection, indicating a role for T cell-mediated immunity. These studies present an LAIV development strategy to rapidly generate and screen entire libraries of viral clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulan Wang
- Center for Systems Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou 215123, China; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Su-Yang Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Hsiang-Wen Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Juan Xu
- Center for Systems Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Maxime Chapon
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Tao Zhang
- Center for Systems Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Fan Zhou
- Unit of Anti-Viral Immunity and Genetic Therapy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yao E Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Natalie Quanquin
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Guiqin Wang
- Unit of Anti-Viral Immunity and Genetic Therapy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiaoli Tian
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Zhanlong He
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650106, China
| | - Longding Liu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650106, China
| | - Wenhai Yu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650106, China
| | - David Jesse Sanchez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Yuying Liang
- 295K Animal Science/Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, 1988 Fitch Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Taijiao Jiang
- Center for Systems Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Robert Modlin
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Barry R Bloom
- Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Qihan Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650106, China
| | - Jane C Deng
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Paul Zhou
- Unit of Anti-Viral Immunity and Genetic Therapy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - F Xiao-Feng Qin
- Center for Systems Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Genhong Cheng
- Center for Systems Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou 215123, China; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Abstract
Vaccines that do not take a comprehensive endpoint view of the pathogen population they want to tackle early in their developmental process, may find it financially prohibitive to redesign them once they have progressed down a costly regulatory and human trial pathway. Specifically, the lead malaria vaccine candidate RTS,S has limited ability to tackle parasite polymorphism and may induce sex-specific nonspecific effects (NSEs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Plebanski
- Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Division of Therapeutics, Monash Institute of Medical Engineering (MIME), Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Katie L Flanagan
- Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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31
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Aaby P, Andersen A, Martins CL, Fisker AB, Rodrigues A, Whittle HC, Benn CS. Does oral polio vaccine have non-specific effects on all-cause mortality? Natural experiments within a randomised controlled trial of early measles vaccine. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e013335. [PMID: 28011813 PMCID: PMC5223718 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND BCG and measles vaccine (MV) may have beneficial non-specific effects (NSEs). If an unplanned intervention with a vaccine (a natural experiment) modifies the estimated effect in a randomised controlled trial (RCT), this suggests NSEs. We used this approach to test NSEs of triple oral polio vaccine (OPV). METHODS During an RCT of 2 doses of MV at 4.5 and 9 months versus 1 dose of MV at 9 months of age, we experienced 2 natural experiments with OPV. We assessed whether these OPV experiments modified the effect of 2-dose MV in the MV trial. SETTING MV RCT conducted in urban Guinea-Bissau 2003-2009. INTERVENTIONS Natural experiments with OPV due to missing vaccine and the implementation of OPV campaigns. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Changes in the mortality rate ratio (MRR) for 2-dose MV versus 1-dose MV. RESULTS First, the MRR (2-dose/1-dose MV) overall was 0.70 (0.52 to 0.94), but the MRR was 1.04 (0.53 to 2.04) when OPV at birth (OPV0) was not given, suggesting that early priming with OPV was important for the effect of 2-dose MV. The effect of OPV0 depended on age of administration; the MRR (2-dose/1-dose MV) was 0.45 (0.29 to 0.71) for children receiving OPV0 in the first week of life, but 3.63 (0.87 to 15.2) for those receiving OPV0 after the first month of life (p=0.007, test of no interaction). Second, campaign-OPV may have reduced the difference between the randomisation groups since the MRR (2-dose/1-dose MV) was 0.60 (0.42 to 0.85) for children who had not received campaign-OPV before RCT-enrolment versus 0.72 (0.23 to 2.31) and 1.42 (0.70 to 2.90) for children who had received 1 or 2 doses of campaign-OPV-before-enrolment, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Bissau had no polio infection during this trial, so OPV0 and campaign-OPV may have NSEs since they modified the effect of 2-dose MV in an RCT. Different interventions may interact to a much larger effect than usually assumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Aaby
- Bandim Health Project, Indepth Network, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau
- Research Centre for Vitamins and Vaccines (CVIVA), Bandim Health Project, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Andersen
- Research Centre for Vitamins and Vaccines (CVIVA), Bandim Health Project, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Ane B Fisker
- Bandim Health Project, Indepth Network, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau
- Research Centre for Vitamins and Vaccines (CVIVA), Bandim Health Project, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Christine S Benn
- Bandim Health Project, Indepth Network, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau
- Research Centre for Vitamins and Vaccines (CVIVA), Bandim Health Project, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
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32
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Saadatian-Elahi M, Aaby P, Shann F, Netea MG, Levy O, Louis J, Picot V, Greenberg M, Warren W. Heterologous vaccine effects. Vaccine 2016; 34:3923-30. [PMID: 27312214 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The heterologous or non-specific effects (NSEs) of vaccines, at times defined as "off-target effects" suggest that they can affect the immune response to organisms other than their pathogen-specific intended purpose. These NSEs have been the subject of clinical, immunological and epidemiological studies and are increasingly recognized as an important biological process by a growing group of immunologists and epidemiologists. Much remain to be learned about the extent and underlying mechanisms for these effects. The conference "Off-target effects of vaccination" held in Annecy-France (June 8-10 2015) intended to take a holistic approach drawing from the fields of immunology, systems biology, epidemiology, bioinformatics, public health and regulatory science to address fundamental questions of immunological mechanisms, as well as translational questions about vaccines NSEs. NSE observations were examined using case-studies on live attenuated vaccines and non-live vaccines followed by discussion of studies of possible biological mechanisms. Some possible pathways forward in the study of vaccines NSE were identified and discussed by the expert group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Saadatian-Elahi
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Edouard Herriot, 5 Place d'Arsonval, 69437 Lyon cedex 03, France.
| | - Peter Aaby
- Bandim Health Project, INDEPTH Network, CP861 Bissau, Guinea-Bissau
| | - Frank Shann
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ofer Levy
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital & Havard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jacques Louis
- Fondation Mérieux, 17 rue Bourgelat, 69002 Lyon, France
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Abstract
Efforts to reverse the pathologic consequences of vulnerable plaques are often stymied by the complex treatment resistant pro-inflammatory environment within the plaque. This suggests that pro-atherogenic stimuli, such as LDL cholesterol and high fat diets may impart longer lived signals on (innate) immune cells that persist even after reversing the pro-atherogenic stimuli. Recently, a series of studies challenged the traditional immunological paradigm that innate immune cells cannot display memory characteristics. Epigenetic reprogramming in these myeloid cell subsets, after exposure to certain stimuli, has been shown to alter the expression of genes upon re-exposure. This phenomenon has been termed trained innate immunity or innate immune memory. The changed responses of 'trained' innate immune cells can confer nonspecific protection against secondary infections, suggesting that innate immune memory has likely evolved as an ancient mechanism to protect against pathogens. However, dysregulated processes of immunological imprinting mediated by trained innate immunity may also be detrimental under certain conditions as the resulting exaggerated immune responses could contribute to autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, such as atherosclerosis. Pro-atherogenic stimuli most likely cause epigenetic modifications that persist for prolonged time periods even after the initial stimulus has been removed. In this review we discuss the concept of trained innate immunity in the context of a hyperlipidemic environment and atherosclerosis. According to this idea the epigenome of myeloid (progenitor) cells is presumably modified for prolonged periods of time, which, in turn, could evoke a condition of continuous immune cell over-activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anette Christ
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospitals Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, UMass Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Siroon Bekkering
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Eicke Latz
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospitals Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, UMass Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.
| | - Niels P Riksen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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34
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Ouyang K, Hiremath J, Binjawadagi B, Shyu DL, Dhakal S, Arcos J, Schleappi R, Holman L, Roof M, Torrelles JB, Renukaradhya GJ. Comparative analysis of routes of immunization of a live porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) vaccine in a heterologous virus challenge study. Vet Res 2016; 47:45. [PMID: 26988085 PMCID: PMC4797253 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-016-0331-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is caused by PRRS virus (PRRSV), which infects primarily the respiratory tract of pigs. Thus intranasal (IN) delivery of a potent vaccine-adjuvant formulation is promising. In this study, PRRS-MLV (VR2332) was coadministered ± an adjuvant Mycobacterium vaccae whole cell lysate or CpG ODN through intramuscular (IM) or IN route as a mist, and challenged with a heterologous PRRSV 1-4-4 IN at 42 days post-vaccination (dpv). At 14 and 26 dpv, vaccine viral RNA copies were one log greater in the plasma of PRRS-MLV IM compared to IN vaccinated pigs, and the infectious replicating vaccine virus was detected only in the IM group. In PRRS-MLV ± adjuvant IM vaccinated pigs, reduced viral RNA load and absence of the replicating challenged virus was observed at 7, 10 and 14 days post-challenge (dpc). At 14 dpc, in BAL fluid ≥ 5 log viral RNA copies were detected in all the pig groups, but the replicating challenged virus was undetectable only in IM groups. Immunologically, virus neutralizing antibody titers in the plasma of IM (but not IN) vaccine groups was ≥ 8 against the vaccine and challenged viruses. At 26 dpv, PRRS-MLV IM (without adjuvant) received pigs had significantly increased population of CD4 and CD8 T cells in PBMC. At 14 dpc, relatively increased population of IFN-γ(+) total lymphocytes, NK, CD4, CD8 and γδ T cells were observed in the MLV-IM group. In conclusion, PRRS-MLV IM vaccination induced the virus specific T cell response in pigs, but still it is required to improve its cross-protective efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Ouyang
- />Food Animal Health Research Program (FAHRP), OARDC, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691 USA
- />College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jagadish Hiremath
- />Food Animal Health Research Program (FAHRP), OARDC, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691 USA
| | - Basavaraj Binjawadagi
- />Food Animal Health Research Program (FAHRP), OARDC, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691 USA
| | - Duan-Liang Shyu
- />Food Animal Health Research Program (FAHRP), OARDC, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691 USA
| | - Santosh Dhakal
- />Food Animal Health Research Program (FAHRP), OARDC, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691 USA
| | - Jesus Arcos
- />Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Rose Schleappi
- />Food Animal Health Research Program (FAHRP), OARDC, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691 USA
| | - Lynette Holman
- />Kalmbach Swine Management, L.L.C., Upper Sandusky, OH 43351 USA
| | - Michael Roof
- />Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc., Ames, IA USA
| | - Jordi B. Torrelles
- />Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Gourapura J. Renukaradhya
- />Food Animal Health Research Program (FAHRP), OARDC, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691 USA
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Abstract
The best way to combat influenza virus infection is to prevent it. However, the continual evolution of circulating influenza virus strains and the constant threat of newly emerging viruses forces the public health community to annually update seasonal influenza vaccines while stockpiling potential pandemic virus vaccines. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop a "universal" influenza vaccine that affords protection against all strains. In their recent article, L. M. Schwartzman et al. (mBio 6:e01044-15, 2015, doi:10.1128/mBio.01044-15) demonstrated that intranasal immunization of mice with a cocktail of viral-like particles (VLPs) expressing distinct influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) proteins can broadly protect against infection not only with the same viral strains but also with unrelated strains. These findings suggest a promising strategy for developing a broadly protective "universal" influenza vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey Schultz-Cherry
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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Richards KA, Nayak J, Chaves FA, DiPiazza A, Knowlden ZAG, Alam S, Treanor JJ, Sant AJ. Seasonal Influenza Can Poise Hosts for CD4 T-Cell Immunity to H7N9 Avian Influenza. J Infect Dis 2015; 212:86-94. [PMID: 25492919 PMCID: PMC4481611 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiu662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of avian H7N9 viruses has raised concerns about its pandemic potential and prompted vaccine trials. At present, it is unknown whether there will be sufficient cross-reactive hemagglutinin (HA)-specific CD4 T-cell memory with seasonal influenza to facilitate antibody production to H7 HA. There has also been speculation that H7N9 will have few CD4 T-cell epitopes. In this study, we quantified the potential of seasonal influenza to provide memory CD4 T cells that can cross-reactively recognize H7 HA-derived peptides. These studies have revealed that many humans have substantial H7-reactive CD4 T cells, whereas up to 40% are lacking such reactivity. Correlation studies indicate that CD4 T cells reactive with H7 HA are drawn from reactivity generated from seasonal strains. Overall, our findings suggest that previous exposure of humans to seasonal influenza can poise them to respond to avian H7N9, but this is likely to be uneven across populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A. Richards
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology
| | - Jennifer Nayak
- Department of Pediatrics, and David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, New York
| | - Francisco A. Chaves
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology
| | - Anthony DiPiazza
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology
| | - Zackery A. G. Knowlden
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology
| | - Shabnam Alam
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology
| | | | - Andrea J. Sant
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology
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Clarke MS, Benn CS. Unusual positive effects from vaccines need to be reported - They represent a resource that could lead to new treatment strategies. Vaccine 2015; 33:3162-3. [PMID: 25939280 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.04.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Margo S Clarke
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Christine S Benn
- Research Center for Vitamins and Vaccines (CVIVA), Statens Serum Institut, Denmark; Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, and Odense University Hospital, Denmark
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38
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Blázquez AB, Escribano-Romero E, Martín-Acebes MA, Petrovic T, Saiz JC. Limited susceptibility of mice to Usutu virus (USUV) infection and induction of flavivirus cross-protective immunity. Virology 2015; 482:67-71. [PMID: 25827530 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Flaviviruses are RNA viruses that constitute a worrisome threat to global human and animal health. In Europe, West Nile virus (WNV) outbreaks have dramatically increased in number and severity in recent years, with dozens of human and horse deaths and a high avian mortality across the continent. Besides WNV, the only clinically relevant mosquito-borne flavivirus detected so far in Europe has been the Usutu virus (USUV), which after being reported for the first time in Austria in 2001, quickly spread across Europe, causing a considerable number of bird deaths and neurological disorders in a few immunocompromised patients. Even though USUV infects multiple avian species that develop antibodies, there is little information about USUV susceptibility, pathogenicity and cross-reactive immunity. Here, the susceptibility of suckling and adult mice to USUV infection and the induction of cross-protective immunity against WNV challenge have been addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Belén Blázquez
- Departamento de Biotecnología. Ctra. Coruña Km. 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Tamas Petrovic
- Scientific Veterinary Institute "Novi Sad", Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Juan-Carlos Saiz
- Departamento de Biotecnología. Ctra. Coruña Km. 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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39
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Breard E, Belbis G, Viarouge C, Nomikou K, Haegeman A, De Clercq K, Hudelet P, Hamers C, Moreau F, Lilin T, Durand B, Mertens P, Vitour D, Sailleau C, Zientara S. Evaluation of adaptive immune responses and heterologous protection induced by inactivated bluetongue virus vaccines. Vaccine 2014; 33:512-8. [PMID: 25500308 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Eradication of bluetongue virus is possible, as has been shown in several European countries. New serotypes have emerged, however, for which there are no specific commercial vaccines. This study addressed whether heterologous vaccines would help protect against 2 serotypes. Thirty-seven sheep were randomly allocated to 7 groups of 5 or 6 animals. Four groups were vaccinated with commercial vaccines against BTV strains 2, 4, and 9. A fifth positive control group was given a vaccine against BTV-8. The other 2 groups were unvaccinated controls. Sheep were then challenged by subcutaneous injection of either BTV-16 (2 groups) or BTV-8 (5 groups). Taken together, 24/25 sheep from the 4 experimental groups developed detectable antibodies against the vaccinated viruses. Furthermore, sheep that received heterologous vaccines showed significantly reduced viraemia and clinical scores for BTV-16 when compared to unvaccinated controls. Reductions in clinical signs and viraemia among heterologously vaccinated sheep were not as common after challenge with BTV-8. This study shows that heterologous protection can occur, but that it is difficult to predict if partial or complete protection will be achieved following inactivated-BTV vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Breard
- ANSES, UMR 1161 Virologie ANSES-INRA-ENVA, 23 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94704 Maisons-Alfort, France.
| | - Guillaume Belbis
- Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Unité de Pathologie du Bétail, 7 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94704 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Cyril Viarouge
- ANSES, UMR 1161 Virologie ANSES-INRA-ENVA, 23 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94704 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Kyriaki Nomikou
- Vector-Borne Diseases Programme, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Pascal Hudelet
- MERIAL S.A.S., 254 Rue Marcel Mérieux, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Claude Hamers
- MERIAL S.A.S., P.I. Plaine de l'Ain, Allée des Cyprès, 01150 Saint-Vulbas, France
| | - Francis Moreau
- Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Centre de recherche biomédicale, 7 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94704 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Thomas Lilin
- Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Centre de recherche biomédicale, 7 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94704 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Benoit Durand
- ANSES, unité Epidémiologie, 23 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94704 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Peter Mertens
- Vector-Borne Diseases Programme, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, United Kingdom
| | - Damien Vitour
- ANSES, UMR 1161 Virologie ANSES-INRA-ENVA, 23 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94704 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Corinne Sailleau
- ANSES, UMR 1161 Virologie ANSES-INRA-ENVA, 23 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94704 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Stéphan Zientara
- ANSES, UMR 1161 Virologie ANSES-INRA-ENVA, 23 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94704 Maisons-Alfort, France
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40
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Paquette SG, Huang SSH, Banner D, Xu L, Leόn A, Kelvin AA, Kelvin DJ. Impaired heterologous immunity in aged ferrets during sequential influenza A H1N1 infection. Virology 2014; 464-465:177-183. [PMID: 25086242 PMCID: PMC4157083 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The major burden of influenza morbidity resides within the elderly population. The challenge managing influenza-associated illness in the elderly is the decline of immune function, where mechanisms leading to immunological senescence have not been elucidated. To better represent the immune environment, we investigated clinical morbidity and immune function during sequential homologous and heterologous H1N1 influenza infection in an aged ferret model. Our findings demonstrated experimentally that aged ferrets had significant morbidity during monosubtypic heterologous 2° challenge with significant weight loss and respiratory symptoms. Furthermore, increased clinical morbidity was associated with slower and shorter hemagglutinin antibody generation and attenuated type 1 T-cell gene responses in peripheral blood. These results revealed dampened immune activation during sequential influenza infection in aged ferrets. With the presence of an aged model, dissecting clinical morbidity, viral dynamics and immune response during influenza infection will aid the development of future prophylactics such as age specific influenza vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane G Paquette
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen S H Huang
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Banner
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Luoling Xu
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alberto Leόn
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alyson A Kelvin
- Immune Diagnostics & Research, Toronto Medical Discovery Tower, 101 College Street 3-913, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L7.
| | - David J Kelvin
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, Shantou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Guangdong, China; Sezione di Microbiologia Sperimentale e Clinica, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Universita' degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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41
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Bragstad K, Vinner L, Hansen MS, Nielsen J, Fomsgaard A. A polyvalent influenza A DNA vaccine induces heterologous immunity and protects pigs against pandemic A(H1N1)pdm09 virus infection. Vaccine 2013; 31:2281-8. [PMID: 23499598 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.02.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Revised: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The composition of current influenza protein vaccines has to be reconsidered every season to match the circulating influenza viruses, continuously changing antigenicity. Thus, influenza vaccines inducing a broad cross-reactive immune response would be a great advantage for protection against both seasonal and emerging influenza viruses. We have developed an alternative influenza vaccine based on DNA expressing selected influenza proteins of pandemic and seasonal origin. In the current study, we investigated the protection of a polyvalent influenza DNA vaccine approach in pigs. We immunised pigs intradermally with a combination of influenza DNA vaccine components based on the pandemic 1918 H1N1 (M and NP genes), pandemic 2009 H1N1pdm09 (HA and NA genes) and seasonal 2005 H3N2 genes (HA and NA genes) and investigated the protection against infection with virus both homologous and heterologous to the DNA vaccine components. We found that pigs challenged with a virus homologous to the HA and NA DNA vaccine components were well protected from infection. In addition, heterologous challenge virus was cleared rapidly compared to the unvaccinated control pigs. Immunisation by electroporation induced HI antibodies >40 HAU/ml seven days after second vaccination. Heterologous virus challenge as long as ten weeks after last immunisation was able to trigger a vaccine antibody HI response 26 times higher than in the control pigs. The H3N2 DNA vaccine HA and NA genes also triggered an effective vaccine response with protective antibody titres towards heterologous H3N2 virus. The described influenza DNA vaccine is able to induce broadly protective immune responses even in a larger animal, like the pig, against both heterologous and homologous virus challenges despite relatively low HI titres after vaccination. The ability of this DNA vaccine to limit virus shedding may have an impact on virus spread among pigs which could possibly extend to humans as well, thereby diminishing the risk for epidemics and pandemics to evolve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karoline Bragstad
- Department of Microbiological Diagnostics and Virology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen DK-2300, Denmark
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42
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HORSTMANN DM, MELNICK JL. Poliomyelitis in chimpanzees; studies in homologous and heterologous immunity following inapparent infection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 91:573-97. [PMID: 15422085 PMCID: PMC2136012 DOI: 10.1084/jem.91.6.573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The response of eighteen chimpanzees to poliomyelitis virus administered orally and cutaneously has been studied. There were no signs of weakness or paralysis in any of the animals. Sixteen of the eighteen (89 per cent) became infected as measured by intestinal carriage of virus. Only one of twelve was reinfected when challenged with an homologous (or homotypic) strain by the same routes, but seven of ten were reinfected on heterologous challenge. A correlation between the development of humoral antibodies and resistance to reinfection was demonstrated. During the course of these experiments, two chimpanzees acquired inapparent poliomyelitis by accidental contagion in the laboratory.
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43
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SCHAEFLER S, MINTZER L, ZILISTEANU E. HETEROLOGOUS IMMUNITY AGAINST S. TYPHI BY VACCINES OF LIVING E. FREUNDII VI STRAINS ASSOCIATED WITH SALMONELLAE OF THE "D" GROUP. Z Immunitats Allergieforsch 1964; 126:431-7. [PMID: 14248913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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44
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ROSA A, LA PLACA M. [Observations on the possible variations of titer of natural anti-poliomyelitis neutralizing antibodies following heterologous immunity stimulation (antidiphtheria booster vaccination)]. Boll Ist Sieroter Milan 1959; 38:315-7. [PMID: 14438769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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45
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FENNER F. Homologous and heterologous immunity in infections of mice with Mycobacterium ulcerans and Mycobacterium balnei. Am Rev Tuberc 1957; 76:76-89. [PMID: 13444620 DOI: 10.1164/artpd.1957.76.1.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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46
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RAUSS K, KETYI I. The rules of homologous and heterologous immunity in the S. flexneri group. Acta Physiol Acad Sci Hung 1952; 3:415-24. [PMID: 13050466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
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47
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MAGNUSON HJ, THOMPSON FA. Heterologous strain immunity in experimental syphilis. J Immunol 1951; 67:35-40. [PMID: 14861413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
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