1
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Delgado M, Garcia-Sanz JA. Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies against Cancer: Present and Future. Cells 2023; 12:2837. [PMID: 38132155 PMCID: PMC10741644 DOI: 10.3390/cells12242837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of monoclonal antibodies with therapeutic potential against cancer have been generated and developed. Ninety-one are currently used in the clinics, either alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic agents or other antibodies, including immune checkpoint antibodies. These advances helped to coin the term personalized medicine or precision medicine. However, it seems evident that in addition to the current work on the analysis of mechanisms to overcome drug resistance, the use of different classes of antibodies (IgA, IgE, or IgM) instead of IgG, the engineering of the Ig molecules to increase their half-life, the acquisition of additional effector functions, or the advantages associated with the use of agonistic antibodies, to allow a broad prospective usage of precision medicine successfully, a strategy change is required. Here, we discuss our view on how these strategic changes should be implemented and consider their pros and cons using therapeutic antibodies against cancer as a model. The same strategy can be applied to therapeutic antibodies against other diseases, such as infectious or autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jose A. Garcia-Sanz
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB-CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
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2
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Spicer J, Basu B, Montes A, Banerji U, Kristeleit R, Miller R, Veal GJ, Corrigan CJ, Till SJ, Figini M, Canevari S, Barton C, Jones P, Mellor S, Carroll S, Selkirk C, Nintos G, Kwatra V, Funingana IG, Doherty G, Gould HJ, Pellizzari G, Nakamura M, Ilieva KM, Khiabany A, Stavraka C, Chauhan J, Gillett C, Pinder S, Bax HJ, Josephs DH, Karagiannis SN. Safety and anti-tumour activity of the IgE antibody MOv18 in patients with advanced solid tumours expressing folate receptor-alpha: a phase I trial. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4180. [PMID: 37491373 PMCID: PMC10368744 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39679-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
All antibodies approved for cancer therapy are monoclonal IgGs but the biology of IgE, supported by comparative preclinical data, offers the potential for enhanced effector cell potency. Here we report a Phase I dose escalation trial (NCT02546921) with the primary objective of exploring the safety and tolerability of MOv18 IgE, a chimeric first-in-class IgE antibody, in patients with tumours expressing the relevant antigen, folate receptor-alpha. The trial incorporated skin prick and basophil activation tests (BAT) to select patients at lowest risk of allergic toxicity. Secondary objectives were exploration of anti-tumour activity, recommended Phase II dose, and pharmacokinetics. Dose escalation ranged from 70 μg-12 mg. The most common toxicity of MOv18 IgE is transient urticaria. A single patient experienced anaphylaxis, likely explained by detection of circulating basophils at baseline that could be activated by MOv18 IgE. The BAT assay was used to avoid enrolling further patients with reactive basophils. The safety profile is tolerable and maximum tolerated dose has not been reached, with evidence of anti-tumour activity observed in a patient with ovarian cancer. These results demonstrate the potential of IgE therapy for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Spicer
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
- Cancer Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | - Bristi Basu
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, and Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ana Montes
- Cancer Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Udai Banerji
- Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK
| | | | | | - Gareth J Veal
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Christopher J Corrigan
- King's Centre for Lung Health, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Stephen J Till
- King's Centre for Lung Health, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mariangela Figini
- ANP2, Department of Advanced Diagnostics, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Claire Barton
- Centre for Drug Development, Cancer Research UK, London, UK
- Barton Oncology Ltd, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Paul Jones
- Centre for Drug Development, Cancer Research UK, London, UK
- UCB Pharma Ltd., Slough, UK
| | - Sarah Mellor
- Centre for Drug Development, Cancer Research UK, London, UK
| | - Simon Carroll
- Centre for Drug Development, Cancer Research UK, London, UK
| | - Chris Selkirk
- Centre for Drug Development, Cancer Research UK, London, UK
| | - George Nintos
- Cancer Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Vineet Kwatra
- Cancer Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Ionut-Gabriel Funingana
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, and Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gary Doherty
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, and Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hannah J Gould
- King's Centre for Lung Health, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Giulia Pellizzari
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mano Nakamura
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Kristina M Ilieva
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Atousa Khiabany
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Chara Stavraka
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Cancer Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jitesh Chauhan
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Cheryl Gillett
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Cancer Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- King's Health Partners Cancer Biobank, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Sarah Pinder
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Cancer Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- King's Health Partners Cancer Biobank, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Heather J Bax
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Debra H Josephs
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Cancer Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sophia N Karagiannis
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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3
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Bax HJ, Chauhan J, Stavraka C, Santaolalla A, Osborn G, Khiabany A, Grandits M, López-Abente J, Palhares LCGF, Chan Wah Hak C, Robinson A, Pope A, Woodman N, Naceur-Lombardelli C, Malas S, Coumbe JEM, Nakamura M, Laddach R, Mele S, Crescioli S, Black AM, Lombardi S, Canevari S, Figini M, Sayasneh A, Tsoka S, FitzGerald K, Gillett C, Pinder S, Van Hemelrijck M, Kristeleit R, Ghosh S, Montes A, Spicer J, Karagiannis SN, Josephs DH. Folate receptor alpha in ovarian cancer tissue and patient serum is associated with disease burden and treatment outcomes. Br J Cancer 2023; 128:342-353. [PMID: 36402875 PMCID: PMC9902484 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-02031-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Survival rates for ovarian cancer remain poor, and monitoring and prediction of therapeutic response may benefit from additional markers. Ovarian cancers frequently overexpress Folate Receptor alpha (FRα) and the soluble receptor (sFRα) is measurable in blood. Here we investigated sFRα as a potential biomarker. METHODS We evaluated sFRα longitudinally, before and during neo-adjuvant, adjuvant and palliative therapies, and tumour FRα expression status by immunohistrochemistry. The impact of free FRα on the efficacy of anti-FRα treatments was evaluated by an antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity assay. RESULTS Membrane and/or cytoplasmic FRα staining were observed in 52.7% tumours from 316 ovarian cancer patients with diverse histotypes. Circulating sFRα levels were significantly higher in patients, compared to healthy volunteers, specifically in patients sampled prior to neoadjuvant and palliative treatments. sFRα was associated with FRα cell membrane expression in the tumour. sFRα levels decreased alongside concurrent tumour burden in patients receiving standard therapies. High concentrations of sFRα partly reduced anti-FRα antibody tumour cell killing, an effect overcome by increased antibody doses. CONCLUSIONS sFRα may present a non-invasive marker for tumour FRα expression, with the potential for monitoring patient response to treatment. Larger, prospective studies should evaluate FRα for assessing disease burden and response to systemic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather J Bax
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Jitesh Chauhan
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Chara Stavraka
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
- Cancer Centre at Guy's, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Aida Santaolalla
- Translational Oncology & Urology Research (TOUR), School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Gabriel Osborn
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Atousa Khiabany
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Melanie Grandits
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Jacobo López-Abente
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Lais C G F Palhares
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Charleen Chan Wah Hak
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
- Cancer Centre at Guy's, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Alexandra Robinson
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Amy Pope
- King's Health Partners Cancer Biobank, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Natalie Woodman
- King's Health Partners Cancer Biobank, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Cristina Naceur-Lombardelli
- King's Health Partners Cancer Biobank, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Sadek Malas
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Jack E M Coumbe
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Mano Nakamura
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Roman Laddach
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
- Department of Informatics, Faculty of Natural, Mathematical & Engineering Sciences, King's College London, Bush House, London, UK
| | - Silvia Mele
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Silvia Crescioli
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Anna M Black
- Guy's and St Thomas' Oncology & Haematology Clinical Trials (OHCT), Guy's Cancer Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Sara Lombardi
- Guy's and St Thomas' Oncology & Haematology Clinical Trials (OHCT), Guy's Cancer Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Silvana Canevari
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Mariangela Figini
- Biomarker Unit, Dipartimento di Ricerca Applicata e Sviluppo Tecnologico (DRAST), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Ahmad Sayasneh
- Cancer Centre at Guy's, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Sophia Tsoka
- Department of Informatics, Faculty of Natural, Mathematical & Engineering Sciences, King's College London, Bush House, London, UK
| | - Kevin FitzGerald
- Epsilogen Ltd., Waterfront, ARC West London, Manbre Road, Hammersmith, London, UK
| | - Cheryl Gillett
- King's Health Partners Cancer Biobank, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Sarah Pinder
- King's Health Partners Cancer Biobank, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Mieke Van Hemelrijck
- Translational Oncology & Urology Research (TOUR), School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Rebecca Kristeleit
- Cancer Centre at Guy's, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Sharmistha Ghosh
- Cancer Centre at Guy's, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Ana Montes
- Cancer Centre at Guy's, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - James Spicer
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
- Cancer Centre at Guy's, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Sophia N Karagiannis
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK.
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Cancer Centre, London, UK.
| | - Debra H Josephs
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK.
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK.
- Cancer Centre at Guy's, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
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4
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Fereydouni M, Motaghed M, Ahani E, Kafri T, Dellinger K, Metcalfe DD, Kepley CL. Harnessing the Anti-Tumor Mediators in Mast Cells as a New Strategy for Adoptive Cell Transfer for Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:830199. [PMID: 35433433 PMCID: PMC9009255 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.830199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of cancer immunotherapies utilizing adoptive cell transfer (ACT) continues to be one of the most promising strategies for cancer treatment. Mast cells (MCs) which occur throughout vascularized tissues, are most commonly associated with Type I hypersensitivity, bind immunoglobin E (IgE) with high affinity, produce anti-cancer mediators such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and generally populate the tumor microenvironments. Yet, the role of MCs in cancer pathologies remains controversial with evidence for both anti-tumor and pro-tumor effects. Here, we review the studies examining the role of MCs in multiple forms of cancer, provide an alternative, MC-based hypothesis underlying the mechanism of therapeutic tumor IgE efficacy in clinical trials, and propose a novel strategy for using tumor-targeted, IgE-sensitized MCs as a platform for developing new cellular cancer immunotherapies. This autologous MC cancer immunotherapy could have several advantages over current cell-based cancer immunotherapies and provide new mechanistic strategies for cancer therapeutics alone or in combination with current approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Fereydouni
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina Greensboro (UNCG), Greensboro, NC, United States
| | - Mona Motaghed
- Department of Nanoengineering, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC, United States
| | - Elnaz Ahani
- Department of Nanoengineering, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC, United States
| | - Tal Kafri
- Gene Therapy Center and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Kristen Dellinger
- Department of Nanoengineering, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC, United States
| | - Dean D. Metcalfe
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Christopher L. Kepley
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sciences, Liberty University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lynchburg, VA, United States
- *Correspondence: Christopher L. Kepley,
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5
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Karagiannis P, Correa I, Chauhan J, Cheung A, Dominguez-Rodriguez D, Terranova-Barberio M, Harris RJ, Crescioli S, Spicer J, Bokemeyer C, Lacy KE, Karagiannis SN. Innate stimulation of B cells ex vivo enhances antibody secretion and identifies tumour-reactive antibodies from cancer patients. Clin Exp Immunol 2022; 207:84-94. [PMID: 35020866 PMCID: PMC8802180 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxab005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human B cells and their expressed antibodies are crucial in conferring immune protection. Identifying pathogen-specific antibodies following infection is possible due to enhanced humoral immunity against well-described molecules on the pathogen surface. However, screening for cancer-reactive antibodies remains challenging since target antigens are often not identified a priori and the frequency of circulating B cells recognizing cancer cells is likely very low. We investigated whether combined ex vivo culture of human B cells with three innate stimuli, interleukin-17 (IL-17), B-cell activation factor (BAFF), and the toll-like receptor 9 (TLR-9) agonist DNA motif CpG ODN 2006 (CpG), each known to activate B cells through different signalling pathways, promote cell activation, proliferation, and antibody production. Combined IL-17+BAFF+CpG prolonged B-cell survival and increased proliferation compared with single stimuli. IL-17+BAFF+CpG triggered higher IgG secretion, likely by activating differentiated, memory and class-switched CD19+CD20+CD27+IgD- B cells. Regardless of anti-FOLR antibody seropositive status, IL-17+BAFF+CpG combined with a monovalent tumour-associated antigen (folate receptor alpha [FOLR]) led to secreted antibodies recognizing the antigen and the antigen-expressing IGROV1 cancer cells. In a seropositive individual, FOLR stimulation favoured class-switched memory B-cell precursors (CD27-CD38-IgD-), class-switched memory B cells and anti-FOLR antibody production, while IL-17+BAFF+CpG combined with FOLR, promoted class-switched memory B-cell precursors and antibody-secreting (CD138+IgD-) plasma cells. Furthermore, IL-17+BAFF+CpG stimulation of peripheral blood B cells from patients with melanoma revealed tumour cell-reactive antibodies in culture supernatants. These findings suggest that innate signals stimulate B-cell survival and antibody production and may help identify low-frequency antigen-reactive humoral responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Karagiannis
- Department of Oncology, Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section of Pneumology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Isabel Correa
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Jitesh Chauhan
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Anthony Cheung
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK.,Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Cancer Centre, London, UK
| | - Diana Dominguez-Rodriguez
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Manuela Terranova-Barberio
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Robert J Harris
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Silvia Crescioli
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - James Spicer
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Carsten Bokemeyer
- Department of Oncology, Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section of Pneumology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katie E Lacy
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Sophia N Karagiannis
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK.,Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Cancer Centre, London, UK
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6
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Williams IP, Crescioli S, Sow HS, Bax HJ, Hobbs C, Ilieva KM, French E, Pellizzari G, Cox V, Josephs DH, Spicer JF, Karagiannis SN, Mele S. In vivo safety profile of a CSPG4-directed IgE antibody in an immunocompetent rat model. MAbs 2021; 12:1685349. [PMID: 31769737 PMCID: PMC6927758 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2019.1685349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
IgE monoclonal antibodies hold great potential for cancer therapy. Preclinical in vivo systems, particularly those in which the antibody recognizes the host species target antigen and binds to cognate Fc receptors, are often the closest approximation to human exposure and represent a key challenge for evaluating the safety of antibody-based therapies. We sought to develop an immunocompetent rat system to assess the safety of a rodent anti-tumor IgE, as a surrogate for the human therapeutic candidate. We generated a rat IgE against the human tumor-associated antigen chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4) and cross-reactive for the rat antigen. We analyzed CSPG4 distribution in normal rat and human tissues and investigated the in vivo safety of the antibody by monitoring clinical signs and molecular biomarkers after systemic administration to immunocompetent rats. Human and rat CSPG4 expression in normal tissues were comparable. Animals receiving antibody exhibited transient mild to moderate adverse events accompanied by mild elevation of serum tryptase, but not of angiotensin II or cytokines implicated in allergic reactions or cytokine storm. In the long term, repeated antibody administration was well tolerated, with no changes in animal body weight, liver and kidney functions or blood cell counts. This model provides preclinical support for the safety profiling of IgE therapeutic antibodies. Due to the comparable antigen tissue distribution in human and rat, this model may also comprise an appropriate tool for proof-of-concept safety evaluations of different treatment approaches targeting CSPG4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwan P Williams
- St John`s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King`s College London, London, UK
| | - Silvia Crescioli
- St John`s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King`s College London, London, UK
| | - Heng Sheng Sow
- St John`s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King`s College London, London, UK.,IGEM Therapeutics Ltd, London BioScience Innovation Centre, London, UK
| | - Heather J Bax
- St John`s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King`s College London, London, UK.,IGEM Therapeutics Ltd, London BioScience Innovation Centre, London, UK
| | - Carl Hobbs
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Kristina M Ilieva
- St John`s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King`s College London, London, UK.,Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Cancer Centre, London, UK
| | - Elise French
- St John`s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King`s College London, London, UK
| | - Giulia Pellizzari
- St John`s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King`s College London, London, UK
| | - Vivienne Cox
- IGEM Therapeutics Ltd, London BioScience Innovation Centre, London, UK
| | - Debra H Josephs
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Bermondsey Wing, Guy's Hospital, Bermondsey Wing, London, UK.,Department of Medical Oncology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Guy`s Hospital, London, UK
| | - James F Spicer
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Bermondsey Wing, Guy's Hospital, Bermondsey Wing, London, UK.,Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Oncology, Guy`s Hospital, Bermondsey Wing, London, UK
| | - Sophia N Karagiannis
- St John`s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King`s College London, London, UK
| | - Silvia Mele
- St John`s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King`s College London, London, UK
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7
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IgE Antibodies against Cancer: Efficacy and Safety. Antibodies (Basel) 2020; 9:antib9040055. [PMID: 33081206 PMCID: PMC7709114 DOI: 10.3390/antib9040055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies are well known for their role in allergic diseases and for contributions to antiparasitic immune responses. Properties of this antibody class that mediate powerful effector functions may be redirected for the treatment of solid tumours. This has led to the rise of a new class of therapeutic antibodies to complement the armamentarium of approved tumour targeting antibodies, which to date are all IgG class. The perceived risk of type I hypersensitivity reactions following administration of IgE has necessitated particular consideration in the development of these therapeutic agents. Here, we bring together the properties of IgE antibodies pivotal to the hypothesis for superior antitumour activity compared to IgG, observations of in vitro and in vivo efficacy and mechanisms of action, and a focus on the safety considerations for this novel class of therapeutic agent. These include in vitro studies of potential hypersensitivity, selection of and observations from appropriate in vivo animal models and possible implications of the high degree of glycosylation of IgE. We also discuss the use of ex vivo predictive and monitoring clinical tools, as well as the risk mitigation steps employed in, and the preliminary outcomes from, the first-in-human clinical trial of a candidate anticancer IgE therapeutic.
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8
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Scaranti M, Cojocaru E, Banerjee S, Banerji U. Exploiting the folate receptor α in oncology. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2020; 17:349-359. [PMID: 32152484 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-020-0339-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Folate receptor α (FRα) came into focus as an anticancer target many decades after the successful development of drugs targeting intracellular folate metabolism, such as methotrexate and pemetrexed. Binding to FRα is one of several methods by which folate is taken up by cells; however, this receptor is an attractive anticancer drug target owing to the overexpression of FRα in a range of solid tumours, including ovarian, lung and breast cancers. Furthermore, using FRα to better localize effective anticancer therapies to their target tumours using platforms such as antibody-drug conjugates, small-molecule drug conjugates, radioimmunoconjugates and, more recently, chimeric antigen receptor T cells could further improve the outcomes of patients with FRα-overexpressing cancers. FRα can also be harnessed for predictive biomarker research. Moreover, imaging FRα radiologically or in real time during surgery can lead to improved functional imaging and surgical outcomes, respectively. In this Review, we describe the current status of research into FRα in cancer, including data from several late-phase clinical trials involving FRα-targeted therapies, and the use of new technologies to develop FRα-targeted agents with improved therapeutic indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Scaranti
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Elena Cojocaru
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Susana Banerjee
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Udai Banerji
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
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9
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Ilieva KM, Fazekas‐Singer J, Bax HJ, Crescioli S, Montero‐Morales L, Mele S, Sow HS, Stavraka C, Josephs DH, Spicer JF, Steinkellner H, Jensen‐Jarolim E, Tutt ANJ, Karagiannis SN. AllergoOncology: Expression platform development and functional profiling of an anti-HER2 IgE antibody. Allergy 2019; 74:1985-1989. [PMID: 30964550 PMCID: PMC6817356 DOI: 10.1111/all.13818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina M. Ilieva
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical SciencesKing's College London, Guy's Cancer CentreLondonUK
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical BiosciencesKing's College London, Guy's HospitalLondonUK
| | - Judit Fazekas‐Singer
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy ResearchMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine ViennaMedical University Vienna and University ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Heather J. Bax
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical BiosciencesKing's College London, Guy's HospitalLondonUK
| | - Silvia Crescioli
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical BiosciencesKing's College London, Guy's HospitalLondonUK
| | - Laura Montero‐Morales
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell BiologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Silvia Mele
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical BiosciencesKing's College London, Guy's HospitalLondonUK
| | - Heng Sheng Sow
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical BiosciencesKing's College London, Guy's HospitalLondonUK
| | - Chara Stavraka
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical BiosciencesKing's College London, Guy's HospitalLondonUK
| | - Debra H. Josephs
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical BiosciencesKing's College London, Guy's HospitalLondonUK
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical SciencesKing's College London, Guy's HopsitalLondonUK
| | - James F. Spicer
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical SciencesKing's College London, Guy's HopsitalLondonUK
| | - Herta Steinkellner
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell BiologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Erika Jensen‐Jarolim
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy ResearchMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine ViennaMedical University Vienna and University ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Andrew N. J. Tutt
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical SciencesKing's College London, Guy's Cancer CentreLondonUK
- Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research CentreInstitute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | - Sophia N. Karagiannis
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical SciencesKing's College London, Guy's Cancer CentreLondonUK
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical BiosciencesKing's College London, Guy's HospitalLondonUK
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10
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Sutton BJ, Davies AM, Bax HJ, Karagiannis SN. IgE Antibodies: From Structure to Function and Clinical Translation. Antibodies (Basel) 2019; 8:E19. [PMID: 31544825 PMCID: PMC6640697 DOI: 10.3390/antib8010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies are well known for their role in mediating allergic reactions, and their powerful effector functions activated through binding to Fc receptors FcεRI and FcεRII/CD23. Structural studies of IgE-Fc alone, and when bound to these receptors, surprisingly revealed not only an acutely bent Fc conformation, but also subtle allosteric communication between the two distant receptor-binding sites. The ability of IgE-Fc to undergo more extreme conformational changes emerged from structures of complexes with anti-IgE antibodies, including omalizumab, in clinical use for allergic disease; flexibility is clearly critical for IgE function, but may also be exploited by allosteric interference to inhibit IgE activity for therapeutic benefit. In contrast, the power of IgE may be harnessed to target cancer. Efforts to improve the effector functions of therapeutic antibodies for cancer have almost exclusively focussed on IgG1 and IgG4 subclasses, but IgE offers an extremely high affinity for FcεRI receptors on immune effector cells known to infiltrate solid tumours. Furthermore, while tumour-resident inhibitory Fc receptors can modulate the effector functions of IgG antibodies, no inhibitory IgE Fc receptors are known to exist. The development of tumour antigen-specific IgE antibodies may therefore provide an improved immune functional profile and enhanced anti-cancer efficacy. We describe proof-of-concept studies of IgE immunotherapies against solid tumours, including a range of in vitro and in vivo evaluations of efficacy and mechanisms of action, as well as ex vivo and in vivo safety studies. The first anti-cancer IgE antibody, MOv18, the clinical translation of which we discuss herein, has now reached clinical testing, offering great potential to direct this novel therapeutic modality against many other tumour-specific antigens. This review highlights how our understanding of IgE structure and function underpins these exciting clinical developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Sutton
- King's College London, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, London SE1 1UL, UK.
- Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK.
| | - Anna M Davies
- King's College London, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, London SE1 1UL, UK.
- Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK.
| | - Heather J Bax
- King's College London, St John's Institute of Dermatology, London SE1 9RT, UK.
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11
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Josephs DH, Nakamura M, Bax HJ, Dodev TS, Muirhead G, Saul L, Karagiannis P, Ilieva KM, Crescioli S, Gazinska P, Woodman N, Lombardelli C, Kareemaghay S, Selkirk C, Lentfer H, Barton C, Canevari S, Figini M, Downes N, Dombrowicz D, Corrigan CJ, Nestle FO, Jones PS, Gould HJ, Blower PJ, Tsoka S, Spicer JF, Karagiannis SN. An immunologically relevant rodent model demonstrates safety of therapy using a tumour-specific IgE. Allergy 2018; 73:2328-2341. [PMID: 29654623 PMCID: PMC6492130 DOI: 10.1111/all.13455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Designing biologically informative models for assessing the safety of novel agents, especially for cancer immunotherapy, carries substantial challenges. The choice of an in vivo system for studies on IgE antibodies represents a major impediment to their clinical translation, especially with respect to class-specific immunological functions and safety. Fcε receptor expression and structure are different in humans and mice, so that the murine system is not informative when studying human IgE biology. By contrast, FcεRI expression and cellular distribution in rats mirror that of humans. METHODS We are developing MOv18 IgE, a human chimeric antibody recognizing the tumour-associated antigen folate receptor alpha. We created an immunologically congruent surrogate rat model likely to recapitulate human IgE-FcεR interactions and engineered a surrogate rat IgE equivalent to MOv18. Employing this model, we examined in vivo safety and efficacy of antitumour IgE antibodies. RESULTS In immunocompetent rats, rodent IgE restricted growth of syngeneic tumours in the absence of clinical, histopathological or metabolic signs associated with obvious toxicity. No physiological or immunological evidence of a "cytokine storm" or allergic response was seen, even at 50 mg/kg weekly doses. IgE treatment was associated with elevated serum concentrations of TNFα, a mediator previously linked with IgE-mediated antitumour and antiparasitic functions, alongside evidence of substantially elevated tumoural immune cell infiltration and immunological pathway activation in tumour-bearing lungs. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate safety of MOv18 IgE, in conjunction with efficacy and immune activation, supporting the translation of this therapeutic approach to the clinical arena.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived/adverse effects
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived/metabolism
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived/therapeutic use
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Folate Receptor 1/immunology
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin E/administration & dosage
- Immunoglobulin E/adverse effects
- Immunoglobulin E/immunology
- Immunoglobulin E/therapeutic use
- Immunoglobulin G/immunology
- Immunoglobulin G/metabolism
- Immunotherapy/methods
- Mice
- Models, Animal
- Neoplasms/pathology
- Neoplasms/therapy
- Protein Binding
- Rats
- Receptors, IgE/metabolism
- Statistics, Nonparametric
- Treatment Outcome
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/blood
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Affiliation(s)
- D. H. Josephs
- St. John's Institute of DermatologySchool of Basic & Medical BiosciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical SciencesGuy's HospitalKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - M. Nakamura
- St. John's Institute of DermatologySchool of Basic & Medical BiosciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - H. J. Bax
- St. John's Institute of DermatologySchool of Basic & Medical BiosciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical SciencesGuy's HospitalKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - T. S. Dodev
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular BiophysicsKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - G. Muirhead
- Department of InformaticsFaculty of Natural and Mathematical SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - L. Saul
- St. John's Institute of DermatologySchool of Basic & Medical BiosciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical SciencesGuy's HospitalKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - P. Karagiannis
- St. John's Institute of DermatologySchool of Basic & Medical BiosciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical SciencesGuy's HospitalKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - K. M. Ilieva
- St. John's Institute of DermatologySchool of Basic & Medical BiosciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
- Breast Cancer Now Research UnitSchool of Cancer & Pharmaceutical SciencesGuy's Cancer CentreKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - S. Crescioli
- St. John's Institute of DermatologySchool of Basic & Medical BiosciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - P. Gazinska
- Breast Cancer Now Research UnitSchool of Cancer & Pharmaceutical SciencesGuy's Cancer CentreKing's College LondonLondonUK
- King's Health Partners Cancer BiobankSchool of Cancer & Pharmaceutical SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - N. Woodman
- King's Health Partners Cancer BiobankSchool of Cancer & Pharmaceutical SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - C. Lombardelli
- King's Health Partners Cancer BiobankSchool of Cancer & Pharmaceutical SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - S. Kareemaghay
- King's Health Partners Cancer BiobankSchool of Cancer & Pharmaceutical SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - C. Selkirk
- Biotherapeutics Development UnitCancer Research UKSouth MimmsUK
| | - H. Lentfer
- Biotherapeutics Development UnitCancer Research UKSouth MimmsUK
| | - C. Barton
- Centre for Drug DevelopmentCancer Research UKLondonUK
| | - S. Canevari
- Department of Applied Research and Technology DevelopmentFondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei TumouriMilanItaly
| | - M. Figini
- Department of Applied Research and Technology DevelopmentFondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei TumouriMilanItaly
| | | | - D. Dombrowicz
- CHU LilleInstitut Pasteur de LilleInsermUniv. LilleLilleFrance
| | - C. J. Corrigan
- Medical Research Council & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of AsthmaKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - F. O. Nestle
- St. John's Institute of DermatologySchool of Basic & Medical BiosciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
- Immunology and Inflammation Therapeutic Research AreaSanofi USCambridgeMAUSA
| | - P. S. Jones
- Centre for Drug DevelopmentCancer Research UKLondonUK
| | - H. J. Gould
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular BiophysicsKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - P. J. Blower
- Imaging Chemistry & BiologyDivision of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical EngineeringSt. Thomas's HospitalKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - S. Tsoka
- Department of InformaticsFaculty of Natural and Mathematical SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - J. F. Spicer
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical SciencesGuy's HospitalKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - S. N. Karagiannis
- St. John's Institute of DermatologySchool of Basic & Medical BiosciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
- Breast Cancer Now Research UnitSchool of Cancer & Pharmaceutical SciencesGuy's Cancer CentreKing's College LondonLondonUK
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12
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Altwerger G, Florsheim EB, Menderes G, Black J, Schwab C, Gressel GM, Nelson WK, Carusillo N, Passante T, Huang G, Litkouhi B, Azodi M, Silasi DA, Santin A, Schwartz PE, Ratner ES. Impact of carboplatin hypersensitivity and desensitization on patients with recurrent ovarian cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2018; 144:2449-2456. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-018-2753-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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13
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Cheung A, Bax HJ, Josephs DH, Ilieva KM, Pellizzari G, Opzoomer J, Bloomfield J, Fittall M, Grigoriadis A, Figini M, Canevari S, Spicer JF, Tutt AN, Karagiannis SN. Targeting folate receptor alpha for cancer treatment. Oncotarget 2018; 7:52553-52574. [PMID: 27248175 PMCID: PMC5239573 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Promising targeted treatments and immunotherapy strategies in oncology and advancements in our understanding of molecular pathways that underpin cancer development have reignited interest in the tumor-associated antigen Folate Receptor alpha (FRα). FRα is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored membrane protein. Its overexpression in tumors such as ovarian, breast and lung cancers, low and restricted distribution in normal tissues, alongside emerging insights into tumor-promoting functions and association of expression with patient prognosis, together render FRα an attractive therapeutic target. In this review, we summarize the role of FRα in cancer development, we consider FRα as a potential diagnostic and prognostic tool, and we discuss different targeted treatment approaches with a specific focus on monoclonal antibodies. Renewed attention to FRα may point to novel individualized treatment approaches to improve the clinical management of patient groups that do not adequately benefit from current conventional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Cheung
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Heather J Bax
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Debra H Josephs
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kristina M Ilieva
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giulia Pellizzari
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - James Opzoomer
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jacinta Bloomfield
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Fittall
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anita Grigoriadis
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mariangela Figini
- Unit of Molecular Therapies, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvana Canevari
- Unit of Molecular Therapies, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - James F Spicer
- Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew N Tutt
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sophia N Karagiannis
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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14
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Jensen‐Jarolim E, Bax HJ, Bianchini R, Capron M, Corrigan C, Castells M, Dombrowicz D, Daniels‐Wells TR, Fazekas J, Fiebiger E, Gatault S, Gould HJ, Janda J, Josephs DH, Karagiannis P, Levi‐Schaffer F, Meshcheryakova A, Mechtcheriakova D, Mekori Y, Mungenast F, Nigro EA, Penichet ML, Redegeld F, Saul L, Singer J, Spicer JF, Siccardi AG, Spillner E, Turner MC, Untersmayr E, Vangelista L, Karagiannis SN. AllergoOncology - the impact of allergy in oncology: EAACI position paper. Allergy 2017; 72:866-887. [PMID: 28032353 PMCID: PMC5498751 DOI: 10.1111/all.13119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Th2 immunity and allergic immune surveillance play critical roles in host responses to pathogens, parasites and allergens. Numerous studies have reported significant links between Th2 responses and cancer, including insights into the functions of IgE antibodies and associated effector cells in both antitumour immune surveillance and therapy. The interdisciplinary field of AllergoOncology was given Task Force status by the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology in 2014. Affiliated expert groups focus on the interface between allergic responses and cancer, applied to immune surveillance, immunomodulation and the functions of IgE-mediated immune responses against cancer, to derive novel insights into more effective treatments. Coincident with rapid expansion in clinical application of cancer immunotherapies, here we review the current state-of-the-art and future translational opportunities, as well as challenges in this relatively new field. Recent developments include improved understanding of Th2 antibodies, intratumoral innate allergy effector cells and mediators, IgE-mediated tumour antigen cross-presentation by dendritic cells, as well as immunotherapeutic strategies such as vaccines and recombinant antibodies, and finally, the management of allergy in daily clinical oncology. Shedding light on the crosstalk between allergic response and cancer is paving the way for new avenues of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Jensen‐Jarolim
- The Interuniversity Messerli Research InstituteUniversity of Veterinary Medicine ViennaMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Institute of Pathophysiology & Allergy ResearchCenter of Pathophysiology, Infectiology & ImmunologyMedical University ViennaViennaAustria
| | - H. J. Bax
- Division of Genetics & Molecular MedicineFaculty of Life Sciences and MedicineSt. John's Institute of DermatologyKing's College LondonLondonUK
- Division of Cancer StudiesFaculty of Life Sciences & MedicineKing's College LondonGuy's HospitalLondonUK
| | - R. Bianchini
- The Interuniversity Messerli Research InstituteUniversity of Veterinary Medicine ViennaMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - M. Capron
- LIRIC‐Unité Mixte de Recherche 995 INSERMUniversité de Lille 2CHRU de LilleLilleFrance
| | - C. Corrigan
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung BiologyMedical Research Council and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms in AsthmaKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - M. Castells
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and AllergyDepartment of MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - D. Dombrowicz
- INSERMCHU LilleEuropean Genomic Institute of DiabetesInstitut Pasteur de LilleU1011 – récepteurs nucléaires, maladies cardiovasculaires et diabèteUniversité de LilleLilleFrance
| | - T. R. Daniels‐Wells
- Division of Surgical OncologyDepartment of SurgeryDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCAUSA
| | - J. Fazekas
- The Interuniversity Messerli Research InstituteUniversity of Veterinary Medicine ViennaMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Institute of Pathophysiology & Allergy ResearchCenter of Pathophysiology, Infectiology & ImmunologyMedical University ViennaViennaAustria
| | - E. Fiebiger
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition ResearchDepartment of Medicine ResearchChildren's University Hospital BostonBostonMAUSA
| | - S. Gatault
- LIRIC‐Unité Mixte de Recherche 995 INSERMUniversité de Lille 2CHRU de LilleLilleFrance
| | - H. J. Gould
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung BiologyMedical Research Council and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms in AsthmaKing's College LondonLondonUK
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular BiophysicsKing's College LondonLondonUK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas’ Hospitals and King's College LondonKing's College LondonGuy's HospitalLondonUK
| | - J. Janda
- Center PigmodInstitute of Animal Physiology and GeneticsAcademy of Sciences of Czech RepublicLibechovCzech Republic
| | - D. H. Josephs
- Division of Genetics & Molecular MedicineFaculty of Life Sciences and MedicineSt. John's Institute of DermatologyKing's College LondonLondonUK
- Division of Cancer StudiesFaculty of Life Sciences & MedicineKing's College LondonGuy's HospitalLondonUK
| | - P. Karagiannis
- Division of Genetics & Molecular MedicineFaculty of Life Sciences and MedicineSt. John's Institute of DermatologyKing's College LondonLondonUK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas’ Hospitals and King's College LondonKing's College LondonGuy's HospitalLondonUK
| | - F. Levi‐Schaffer
- Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics UnitFaculty of MedicineSchool of PharmacyThe Institute for Drug ResearchThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - A. Meshcheryakova
- Institute of Pathophysiology & Allergy ResearchCenter of Pathophysiology, Infectiology & ImmunologyMedical University ViennaViennaAustria
| | - D. Mechtcheriakova
- Institute of Pathophysiology & Allergy ResearchCenter of Pathophysiology, Infectiology & ImmunologyMedical University ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Y. Mekori
- Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel‐Aviv UniversityTel‐AvivIsrael
| | - F. Mungenast
- Institute of Pathophysiology & Allergy ResearchCenter of Pathophysiology, Infectiology & ImmunologyMedical University ViennaViennaAustria
| | - E. A. Nigro
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - M. L. Penichet
- Division of Surgical OncologyDepartment of SurgeryDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCAUSA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular GeneticsDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCAUSA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - F. Redegeld
- Division of PharmacologyFaculty of ScienceUtrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical SciencesUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - L. Saul
- Division of Genetics & Molecular MedicineFaculty of Life Sciences and MedicineSt. John's Institute of DermatologyKing's College LondonLondonUK
- Division of Cancer StudiesFaculty of Life Sciences & MedicineKing's College LondonGuy's HospitalLondonUK
| | - J. Singer
- Institute of Pathophysiology & Allergy ResearchCenter of Pathophysiology, Infectiology & ImmunologyMedical University ViennaViennaAustria
| | - J. F. Spicer
- Division of Cancer StudiesFaculty of Life Sciences & MedicineKing's College LondonGuy's HospitalLondonUK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas’ Hospitals and King's College LondonKing's College LondonGuy's HospitalLondonUK
| | | | - E. Spillner
- Immunological EngineeringDepartment of EngineeringAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - M. C. Turner
- ISGlobalCentre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL)BarcelonaSpain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF)BarcelonaSpain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)MadridSpain
- McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk AssessmentUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
| | - E. Untersmayr
- Institute of Pathophysiology & Allergy ResearchCenter of Pathophysiology, Infectiology & ImmunologyMedical University ViennaViennaAustria
| | - L. Vangelista
- Department of Biomedical SciencesNazarbayev University School of MedicineAstanaKazakhstan
| | - S. N. Karagiannis
- Division of Genetics & Molecular MedicineFaculty of Life Sciences and MedicineSt. John's Institute of DermatologyKing's College LondonLondonUK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas’ Hospitals and King's College LondonKing's College LondonGuy's HospitalLondonUK
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Barton C, Vigor K, Scott R, Jones P, Lentfer H, Bax HJ, Josephs DH, Karagiannis SN, Spicer JF. Beta-glucan contamination of pharmaceutical products: How much should we accept? Cancer Immunol Immunother 2016; 65:1289-1301. [PMID: 27473075 PMCID: PMC5069311 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-016-1875-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Beta-glucans are large polysaccharides produced by a range of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. They have potential immunostimulatory properties and have been used with therapeutic intent as anti-microbial and anti-tumour agents. A range of other potentially beneficial effects have been described, and oral forms of beta-glucans are widely available over-the-counter and online. Parenteral formulations are popular in parts of Asia and are the subject of ongoing trials, worldwide. Beta-glucans are also potential contaminants of pharmaceutical products, and high levels have been described in some blood products. However, little is known about the clinical effects of such contamination, considerable uncertainty exists over the level at which immunostimulation may occur, and there are no guidelines available on acceptable levels. We encountered beta-glucan contamination of one of our products, and we suspect that others may encounter similar issues since the origin of beta-glucan contamination includes commonly used filters and solutions applied in the manufacture of biotherapeutic agents. It is likely that regulators will increasingly enquire about beta-glucan levels in pharmaceutical products, especially those with an immunomodulatory mechanism of action. Here, we review the literature on beta-glucans in pharmaceutical products and propose an acceptable level for therapeutic agents for parenteral use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Barton
- Cancer Research UK Centre for Drug Development, Cancer Research UK, Angel Building, 407 St John Street, London, EC1V 4AD, UK.
| | - Kim Vigor
- Biotherapeutics Development Unit, Cancer Research UK, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, EN6 3LD, UK
| | - Robert Scott
- Biotherapeutics Development Unit, Cancer Research UK, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, EN6 3LD, UK
| | - Paul Jones
- Cancer Research UK Centre for Drug Development, Cancer Research UK, Angel Building, 407 St John Street, London, EC1V 4AD, UK
| | - Heike Lentfer
- Biotherapeutics Development Unit, Cancer Research UK, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, EN6 3LD, UK
| | - Heather J Bax
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, 9th Floor, Guy's Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospitals, King's College London, 9th Floor, Guy's Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- Division of Cancer Studies, Department of Research Oncology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, 3rd Floor Bermondsey Wing, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Debra H Josephs
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, 9th Floor, Guy's Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospitals, King's College London, 9th Floor, Guy's Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- Division of Cancer Studies, Department of Research Oncology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, 3rd Floor Bermondsey Wing, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Sophia N Karagiannis
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, 9th Floor, Guy's Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospitals, King's College London, 9th Floor, Guy's Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - James F Spicer
- Division of Cancer Studies, Department of Research Oncology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, 3rd Floor Bermondsey Wing, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK
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16
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Blank U, Charles N, Benhamou M. The high-affinity immunoglobulin E receptor as pharmacological target. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 778:24-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.05.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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17
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Brezski RJ, Georgiou G. Immunoglobulin isotype knowledge and application to Fc engineering. Curr Opin Immunol 2016; 40:62-9. [PMID: 27003675 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibody-based drugs continue to be one of the most rapidly growing classes of therapeutic molecules. At present, the majority of approved therapeutic antibodies are of the human IgG1 format, which can elicit immune effector functions (e.g., antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis, and complement-dependent cytotoxicity). However, there is a wealth of functional diversity that is present in other isotypes and IgG subclasses that can be exploited to improve clinical safety and performance by increasing stability, reduction of adverse events, modulation of effector functions, and by the engagement of two antigens by a single antibody. This review presents an overview of the different antibody isotypes and subclasses and details how exchanging amino acids between different isotypes (i.e., 'cross-isotypes') can be exploited to generate novel therapeutic platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randall J Brezski
- Genentech, Antibody Engineering, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - George Georgiou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78731, USA; Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78731, USA; Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78731, USA
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18
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Ledermann J, Canevari S, Thigpen T. Targeting the folate receptor: diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to personalize cancer treatments. Ann Oncol 2015; 26:2034-43. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Abstract
The pathogenic role of immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies in triggering and maintaining allergic inflammation in response to allergens is due to the binding of multivalent allergens to allergen-specific IgEs on sensitized effector cells. These interactions trigger effector cell activation, resulting in release of potent inflammatory mediators, recruitment of inflammatory cells, antigen presentation, and production of allergen-specific antibody responses. Since its discovery in the 1960s, the central role of IgE in allergic disease has been intensively studied, placing IgE and its functions at the heart of therapeutic efforts for the treatment of allergies. Here, we provide an overview of the nature, roles, and significance of IgE antibodies in allergic diseases, infections, and inflammation and the utility of antibodies as therapies. We place special emphasis on allergen-IgE-Fcε receptor complexes in the context of allergic and inflammatory diseases and describe strategies, including monoclonal antibodies, aimed at interrupting these complexes. Of clinical significance, one antibody, omalizumab, is presently in clinical use and works by preventing formation of IgE-Fcε receptor interactions. Active immunotherapy approaches with allergens and allergen derivatives have also demonstrated clinical benefits for patients with allergic diseases. These treatments are strongly associated with serum increases of IgE-neutralizing antibodies and feature a notable redirection of humoral responses towards production of antibodies of the IgG4 subclass in patients receiving immunotherapies. Lastly, we provide a new perspective on the rise of recombinant antibodies of the IgE class recognizing tumor-associated antigens, and we discuss the potential utility of tumor antigen-specific IgE antibodies to direct potent IgE-driven immune responses against tumors.
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Abstract
The success of antibody therapy in cancer is consistent with the ability of these molecules to activate immune responses against tumors. Experience in clinical applications, antibody design, and advancement in technology have enabled antibodies to be engineered with enhanced efficacy against cancer cells. This allows re-evaluation of current antibody approaches dominated by antibodies of the IgG class with a new light. Antibodies of the IgE class play a central role in allergic reactions and have many properties that may be advantageous for cancer therapy. IgE-based active and passive immunotherapeutic approaches have been shown to be effective in both in vitro and in vivo models of cancer, suggesting the potential use of these approaches in humans. Further studies on the anticancer efficacy and safety profile of these IgE-based approaches are warranted in preparation for translation toward clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai Sum Leoh
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, CHS 54-140, Box 951782, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1782, USA
| | - Tracy R. Daniels-Wells
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, CHS 54-140, Box 951782, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1782, USA
| | - Manuel L. Penichet
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, CHS 54-140, Box 951782, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1782, USA. Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, 609 Charles E. Young Dr. East, 1602 Molecular Science Building, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. The Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, 10833 Le Conte Ave, 8-684 Factor Building, Box 951781, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. The Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, 611 Charles E. Young Dr., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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21
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Josephs DH, Spicer JF, Karagiannis P, Gould HJ, Karagiannis SN. IgE immunotherapy: a novel concept with promise for the treatment of cancer. MAbs 2014; 6:54-72. [PMID: 24423620 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.27029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of antibodies in activating immune responses against tumors is now better appreciated with the emergence of checkpoint blockade antibodies and with engineered antibody Fc domains featuring enhanced capacity to focus potent effector cells against cancer cells. Antibodies designed with Fc regions of the IgE class can confer natural, potent, long-lived immune surveillance in tissues through tenacious engagement of high-affinity cognate Fc receptors on distinct, often tumor-resident immune effector cells, and through ability to activate these cells under tumor-induced Th2-biased conditions. Here, we review the properties that make IgE a contributor to the allergic response and a critical player in the protection against parasites, which also support IgE as a novel anti-cancer modality. We discuss IgE-based active and passive immunotherapeutic approaches in disparate in vitro and in vivo model systems, collectively suggesting the potential of IgE immunotherapies in oncology. Translation toward clinical application is now in progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra H Josephs
- Cutaneous Medicine and Immunotherapy Unit; St. John's Institute of Dermatology; Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospitals and King's College London; London, UK; Division of Cancer Studies; King's College London; Guy's Hospital; London, UK
| | - James F Spicer
- Division of Cancer Studies; King's College London; Guy's Hospital; London, UK
| | - Panagiotis Karagiannis
- Cutaneous Medicine and Immunotherapy Unit; St. John's Institute of Dermatology; Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospitals and King's College London; London, UK
| | - Hannah J Gould
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics & Division of Asthma; Allergy and Lung Biology; MRC and Asthma UK Centre for Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma; King's College London; Guy's Campus; London, UK
| | - Sophia N Karagiannis
- Cutaneous Medicine and Immunotherapy Unit; St. John's Institute of Dermatology; Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospitals and King's College London; London, UK
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22
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Chung AW, Alter G. Dissecting the antibody constant region protective immune parameters in HIV infection. Future Virol 2014. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl.14.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT: RV144 vaccine immune-correlates analysis has generated a renewed interest in understanding the potentially protective role of non-neutralizing antibodies in HIV infection and vaccine design. Antibodies consist of a variable region involved in antigen binding and a constant region. While both ends of the antibody collaborate to induce protective immunity, it is through the constant portion that an antibody provides instructions to the innate immune system on how the recognized antigen should be processed, contributing directly to antiviral immunity. Antibody constant regions, despite their name, are not uniform structures, but can vary both in protein sequence and glycosylation, together modulating antibody functionality via conformational changes that alter antibody affinity for Fc receptors, complement and so on. This review will focus on how the immune system naturally modulates the Fc domain of antibodies to achieve optimum protective Fc effector responses for vaccine and monoclonal therapeutic design efforts aimed at preventing or curing HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy W Chung
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology & Harvard, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology & Harvard, Boston, MA, USA
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23
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Singer J, Jensen‐Jarolim E. IgE-based immunotherapy of cancer: challenges and chances. Allergy 2014; 69:137-49. [PMID: 24117861 PMCID: PMC4022995 DOI: 10.1111/all.12276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Passive immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies is an indispensable cornerstone of clinical oncology. Notably, all FDA-approved antibodies comprise the IgG class, although numerous research articles proposed monoclonal antibodies of the IgM, IgG, IgA and IgE classes directed specifically against tumor-associated antigens. In particular, for the IgE isotype class, several recent studies could demonstrate high tumoricidic efficacy. Therefore, this review specifically highlights the latest developments toward IgE-based immunotherapy of cancer. Possible mechanisms and safety aspects of IgE-mediated tumor cell death are discussed with special focus on the attracted immune cells. An outlook is given on how especially comparative oncology could contribute to further developments. Humans and dogs have a highly comparable IgE biology, suggesting that translational AllergoOncology studies in patients with canine cancer could have predictive value for the potential of IgE-based anticancer immunotherapy in human clinical oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Singer
- Comparative Immunology and Oncology Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - E. Jensen‐Jarolim
- Comparative Immunology and Oncology Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
- Comparative Medicine Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Medical University Vienna and University Vienna Vienna Austria
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24
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Saul L, Josephs DH, Cutler K, Bradwell A, Karagiannis P, Selkirk C, Gould HJ, Jones P, Spicer JF, Karagiannis SN. Comparative reactivity of human IgE to cynomolgus monkey and human effector cells and effects on IgE effector cell potency. MAbs 2014; 6:509-22. [PMID: 24492303 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.27828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to genetic similarities with humans, primates of the macaque genus such as the cynomolgus monkey are often chosen as models for toxicology studies of antibody therapies. IgE therapeutics in development depend upon engagement with the FcεRI and FcεRII receptors on immune effector cells for their function. Only limited knowledge of the primate IgE immune system is available to inform the choice of models for mechanistic and safety evaluations. METHODS The recognition of human IgE by peripheral blood lymphocytes from cynomolgus monkey and man was compared. We used effector cells from each species in ex vivo affinity, dose-response, antibody-receptor dissociation and potency assays. RESULTS We report cross-reactivity of human IgE Fc with cynomolgus monkey cells, and comparable binding kinetics to peripheral blood lymphocytes from both species. In competition and dissociation assays, however, human IgE dissociated faster from cynomolgus monkey compared with human effector cells. Differences in association and dissociation kinetics were reflected in effector cell potency assays of IgE-mediated target cell killing, with higher concentrations of human IgE needed to elicit effector response in the cynomolgus monkey system. Additionally, human IgE binding on immune effector cells yielded significantly different cytokine release profiles in each species. CONCLUSION These data suggest that human IgE binds with different characteristics to human and cynomolgus monkey IgE effector cells. This is likely to affect the potency of IgE effector functions in these two species, and so has relevance for the selection of biologically-relevant model systems when designing pre-clinical toxicology and functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Saul
- Cutaneous Medicine and Immunotherapy; St. John's Institute of Dermatology; Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospitals and King's College London; London, UK; Research Oncology, Division of Cancer Studies; King's College London; Guy's Hospital; Great Maze Pond; London, UK
| | - Debra H Josephs
- Cutaneous Medicine and Immunotherapy; St. John's Institute of Dermatology; Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospitals and King's College London; London, UK; Research Oncology, Division of Cancer Studies; King's College London; Guy's Hospital; Great Maze Pond; London, UK
| | - Keith Cutler
- Public Health England; Porton Down; Salisbury, Wiltshire UK
| | | | - Panagiotis Karagiannis
- Cutaneous Medicine and Immunotherapy; St. John's Institute of Dermatology; Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospitals and King's College London; London, UK
| | - Chris Selkirk
- Biotherapeutics Development Unit; Cancer Research UK; South Mimms, Hertfordshire UK
| | - Hannah J Gould
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics & Division of Asthma; Allergy and Lung Biology, MRC and Asthma UK Centre for Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King's College London; London, UK
| | - Paul Jones
- Drug Development Office; Strategy and Research Funding; Cancer Research UK; London, UK
| | - James F Spicer
- Research Oncology, Division of Cancer Studies; King's College London; Guy's Hospital; Great Maze Pond; London, UK
| | - Sophia N Karagiannis
- Cutaneous Medicine and Immunotherapy; St. John's Institute of Dermatology; Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospitals and King's College London; London, UK
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25
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Abstract
Basophils have emerged in recent years as a small but potent subpopulation of leukocytes capable of bridging innate and adaptive immunity. They can be activated through IgE-dependent and IgE-independent mechanisms to release preformed mediators and to produce Th2 cytokines. In addition to their role in protective immunity to helminths, basophils are major participants in allergic reactions as diverse as anaphylaxis and immediate hypersensitivity reactions, late-phase hypersensitivity reactions, and delayed hypersensitivity reactions. Additionally, basophils have been implicated in the pathophysiology of autoimmune diseases such as lupus nephritis and rheumatoid arthritis, and the modulation of immune responses to bacterial infections, as well as being a feature of myelogenous leukemias. Distinct signals for activation, degranulation, transendothelial migration, and immune regulation are being defined, and demonstrate the important role of basophils in promoting a Th2 microenvironment. These mechanistic insights are driving innovative approaches for diagnostic testing and therapeutic targeting of basophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Cromheecke
- Departments of Microbial Pathogenesis & Immunology and Medicine, Texas A&M College of Medicine, 2121 West Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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26
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Abstract
Antibody-based immunotherapies are important therapy options in human oncology. Although human humoral specific immunity is constituted of five different immunoglobulin classes, currently only IgG-based immunotherapies have proceeded to clinical application. This review, however, discusses the benefits and difficulties of IgE-based immunotherapy of cancer, with special emphasis on how to translate promising preclinical results into clinical studies. Pursuing the “Comparative Oncology” approach, novel drug candidates are investigated in clinical trials with veterinary cancer patients, most often dogs. By this strategy drug development could be speeded up, animal experiments could be reduced and novel therapy options could be introduced benefitting humans as well as man’s best friend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Singer
- Comparative Medicine, Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna, and University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Erika Jensen-Jarolim
- Comparative Medicine, Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna, and University Vienna, Vienna, Austria ; Comparative Immunology and Oncology, Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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28
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Potaczek DP, Kabesch M. Current concepts of IgE regulation and impact of genetic determinants. Clin Exp Allergy 2013; 42:852-71. [PMID: 22909159 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2011.03953.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin E (IgE) mediated immune responses seem to be directed against parasites and neoplasms, but are best known for their involvement in allergies. The IgE network is tightly controlled at different levels as outlined in this review. Genetic determinants were suspected to influence IgE regulation and IgE levels considerably for many years. Linkage and candidate gene studies suggested a number of loci and genes to correlate with total serum IgE levels, and recently genome-wide association studies (GWAS) provided the power to identify genetic determinants for total serum IgE levels: 1q23 (FCER1A), 5q31 (RAD50, IL13, IL4), 12q13 (STAT6), 6p21.3 (HLA-DRB1) and 16p12 (IL4R, IL21R). In this review, we analyse the potential role of these GWAS hits in the IgE network and suggest mechanisms of how genes and genetic variants in these loci may influence IgE regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Potaczek
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergy and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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29
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Karagiannis SN, Josephs DH, Karagiannis P, Gilbert AE, Saul L, Rudman SM, Dodev T, Koers A, Blower PJ, Corrigan C, Beavil AJ, Spicer JF, Nestle FO, Gould HJ. Recombinant IgE antibodies for passive immunotherapy of solid tumours: from concept towards clinical application. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2012; 61:1547-64. [PMID: 22139135 PMCID: PMC11028906 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-011-1162-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic antibodies have revolutionised treatment of some cancers and improved prognosis for many patients. Over half of those available are approved for haematological malignancies, but efficacious antibodies for solid tumours are still urgently needed. Clinically available antibodies belong to the IgG class, the most prevalent antibody class in human blood, while other classes have not been extensively considered. We hypothesised that the unique properties of IgE, a class of tissue-resident antibodies commonly associated with allergies, which can trigger powerful immune responses through strong affinity for their particular receptors on effector cells, could be employed for passive immunotherapy of solid tumours such as ovarian and breast carcinomas. Our laboratory has examined this concept by evaluating two chimaeric antibodies of the same specificity (MOv18) but different isotype, an IgG1 and an IgE against the tumour antigen folate receptor α (FRα). The latter demonstrates the potency of IgE to mount superior immune responses against tumours in disease-relevant models. We identified Fcε receptor-expressing cells, monocytes/macrophages and eosinophils, activated by MOv18 IgE to kill tumour cells by mechanisms such as ADCC and ADCP. We also applied this notion to a marketed therapeutic, the humanised IgG1 antibody trastuzumab and engineered an IgE counterpart, which retained the functions of trastuzumab in restricting proliferation of HER2/neu-expressing tumour cells but also activated effector cells to kill tumour cells by different mechanisms. On-going efficacy, safety evaluations and future first-in-man clinical studies of IgE therapeutics constitute key metrics for this concept, providing new scope for antibody immunotherapies for solid tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia N Karagiannis
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas's Hospitals and King's College London, London, UK.
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30
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Spillner E, Plum M, Blank S, Miehe M, Singer J, Braren I. Recombinant IgE antibody engineering to target EGFR. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2012; 61:1565-73. [PMID: 22674055 PMCID: PMC11028481 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-012-1287-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2011] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies have become a mainstay for the targeted treatment of cancer today. Some of the most successful targets of monoclonal antibodies are constituted by the epidermal growth factor receptor family spearheaded by the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Prompted by studies indicating that IgE compared to IgG may harness alternate effector functions to eradicate malignant cells, we addressed the establishment, engineering, and the potential tumoricidal effects of recombinant anti-EGFR IgE. Therefore, two different therapeutic EGFR-specific antibodies, 225 and 425, were chosen for re-cloning into different chimeric IgE and IgG formats and produced in human cells. Simultaneous antibody binding to the sEGFR demonstrated accessibility of both epitopes for recombinant IgE. Proliferation and cytotoxicity assays demonstrated signal blocking and effector mediating capability of IgE isotypes. Pronounced degranulation in the presence of sEGFR upon activation exclusively with two IgE antibodies verified the epitope proximity and provides evidence that tumor-targeting by anti-EGFR IgE is safe with regard to soluble target structures. Degranulation mediated by tumor cells expressing EGFR could be demonstrated for singular and combined IgE antibodies; however, use of two IgE specificities was not superior to use of one IgE alone. The data suggest that the surface distribution of EGFR is optimally suited to mount a robust effector cell trigger and corroborate the potential and specificity of the IgE/IgE receptor network to react to xenobiotic or pathogenic patterns for targeting malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edzard Spillner
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
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Jensen-Jarolim E, Singer J. Why could passive Immunoglobulin E antibody therapy be safe in clinical oncology? Clin Exp Allergy 2011; 41:1337-40. [PMID: 21545551 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2011.03764.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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