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Vester SK, Davies AM, Beavil RL, Sandhar BS, Beavil AJ, Gould HJ, Sutton BJ, McDonnell JM. Expanding the Anti-Phl p 7 Antibody Toolkit: An Anti-Idiotype Nanobody Inhibitor. Antibodies (Basel) 2023; 12:75. [PMID: 37987253 PMCID: PMC10660547 DOI: 10.3390/antib12040075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously produced a toolkit of antibodies, comprising recombinant human antibodies of all but one of the human isotypes, directed against the polcalcin family antigen Phl p 7. In this work, we complete the toolkit of human antibody isotypes with the IgD version of the anti-Phl p 7 monoclonal antibody. We also raised a set of nanobodies against the IgD anti-Phl p 7 antibody and identify and characterize one paratope-specific nanobody. This nanobody also binds to the IgE isotype of this antibody, which shares the same idiotype, and orthosterically inhibits the interaction with Phl p 7. The 2.1 Å resolution X-ray crystal structure of the nanobody in complex with the IgD Fab is described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - James M. McDonnell
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, New Hunt’s House, London SE1 1UL, UK; (S.K.V.); (A.M.D.); (R.L.B.); (B.S.S.); (A.J.B.); (H.J.G.); (B.J.S.)
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2
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Evans SL, Al-Hazeem MMJ, Mann D, Smetacek N, Beavil AJ, Sun Y, Chen T, Dykes GF, Liu LN, Bergeron JRC. Single-particle cryo-EM analysis of the shell architecture and internal organization of an intact α-carboxysome. Structure 2023; 31:677-688.e4. [PMID: 37015227 PMCID: PMC10689251 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2023.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Carboxysomes are proteinaceous bacterial microcompartments that sequester the key enzymes for carbon fixation in cyanobacteria and some proteobacteria. They consist of a virus-like icosahedral shell, encapsulating several enzymes, including ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO), responsible for the first step of the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle. Despite their significance in carbon fixation and great bioengineering potentials, the structural understanding of native carboxysomes is currently limited to low-resolution studies. Here, we report the characterization of a native α-carboxysome from a marine cyanobacterium by single-particle cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM). We have determined the structure of its RuBisCO enzyme, and obtained low-resolution maps of its icosahedral shell, and of its concentric interior organization. Using integrative modeling approaches, we have proposed a complete atomic model of an intact carboxysome, providing insight into its organization and assembly. This is critical for a better understanding of the carbon fixation mechanism and toward repurposing carboxysomes in synthetic biology for biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasha L Evans
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Monsour M J Al-Hazeem
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Daniel Mann
- Ernst-Ruska Centre 3, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Nicolas Smetacek
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Andrew J Beavil
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Yaqi Sun
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Taiyu Chen
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Gregory F Dykes
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Lu-Ning Liu
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; College of Marine Life Sciences, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
| | - Julien R C Bergeron
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
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3
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Davies AM, Beavil RL, Barbolov M, Sandhar BS, Gould HJ, Beavil AJ, Sutton BJ, McDonnell JM. Crystal structures of the human IgD Fab reveal insights into C H1 domain diversity. Mol Immunol 2023; 159:28-37. [PMID: 37267832 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Antibodies of the IgD isotype remain the least well characterized of the mammalian immunoglobulin isotypes. Here we report three-dimensional structures for the Fab region of IgD, based on four different crystal structures, at resolutions of 1.45-2.75 Å. These IgD Fab crystals provide the first high-resolution views of the unique Cδ1 domain. Structural comparisons identify regions of conformational diversity within the Cδ1 domain, as well as among the homologous domains of Cα1, Cγ1 and Cμ1. The IgD Fab structure also possesses a unique conformation of the upper hinge region, which may contribute to the overall disposition of the very long linker sequence between the Fab and Fc regions found in human IgD. Structural similarities observed between IgD and IgG, and differences with IgA and IgM, are consistent with predicted evolutionary relationships for the mammalian antibody isotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Davies
- King's College London, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca L Beavil
- King's College London, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Momchil Barbolov
- King's College London, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Balraj S Sandhar
- King's College London, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah J Gould
- King's College London, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Beavil
- King's College London, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Brian J Sutton
- King's College London, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - James M McDonnell
- King's College London, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom.
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Chauhan J, Grandits M, Palhares LCGF, Mele S, Nakamura M, López-Abente J, Crescioli S, Laddach R, Romero-Clavijo P, Cheung A, Stavraka C, Chenoweth AM, Sow HS, Chiaruttini G, Gilbert AE, Dodev T, Koers A, Pellizzari G, Ilieva KM, Man F, Ali N, Hobbs C, Lombardi S, Lionarons DA, Gould HJ, Beavil AJ, Geh JLC, MacKenzie Ross AD, Healy C, Calonje E, Downward J, Nestle FO, Tsoka S, Josephs DH, Blower PJ, Karagiannis P, Lacy KE, Spicer J, Karagiannis SN, Bax HJ. Anti-cancer pro-inflammatory effects of an IgE antibody targeting the melanoma-associated antigen chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2192. [PMID: 37185332 PMCID: PMC10130092 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37811-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Outcomes for half of patients with melanoma remain poor despite standard-of-care checkpoint inhibitor therapies. The prevalence of the melanoma-associated antigen chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4) expression is ~70%, therefore effective immunotherapies directed at CSPG4 could benefit many patients. Since IgE exerts potent immune-activating functions in tissues, we engineer a monoclonal IgE antibody with human constant domains recognizing CSPG4 to target melanoma. CSPG4 IgE binds to human melanomas including metastases, mediates tumoricidal antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and stimulates human IgE Fc-receptor-expressing monocytes towards pro-inflammatory phenotypes. IgE demonstrates anti-tumor activity in human melanoma xenograft models engrafted with human effector cells and is associated with enhanced macrophage infiltration, enriched monocyte and macrophage gene signatures and pro-inflammatory signaling pathways in the tumor microenvironment. IgE prolongs the survival of patient-derived xenograft-bearing mice reconstituted with autologous immune cells. No ex vivo activation of basophils in patient blood is measured in the presence of CSPG4 IgE. Our findings support a promising IgE-based immunotherapy for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitesh Chauhan
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Melanie Grandits
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Lais C G F Palhares
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Silvia Mele
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Mano Nakamura
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Jacobo López-Abente
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Silvia Crescioli
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Roman Laddach
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- Department of Informatics, Faculty of Natural, Mathematical and Engineering Sciences, King's College London, Bush House, London, WC2B 4BG, UK
| | - Pablo Romero-Clavijo
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- Oncogene Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Anthony Cheung
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Chara Stavraka
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- Cancer Centre at Guy's, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Alicia M Chenoweth
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Heng Sheng Sow
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Giulia Chiaruttini
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Amy E Gilbert
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Tihomir Dodev
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- Asthma UK Centre, Allergic Mechanisms in Asthma, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Alexander Koers
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Giulia Pellizzari
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Kristina M Ilieva
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Francis Man
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Niwa Ali
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Carl Hobbs
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Sara Lombardi
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- Guy's and St. Thomas' Oncology & Haematology Clinical Trials (OHCT), Cancer Centre at Guy's, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Daniël A Lionarons
- Oncogene Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Hannah J Gould
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- Asthma UK Centre, Allergic Mechanisms in Asthma, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Andrew J Beavil
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- Asthma UK Centre, Allergic Mechanisms in Asthma, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Jenny L C Geh
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE1 7EH, UK
- Skin Tumour Unit, St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | | | - Ciaran Healy
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Eduardo Calonje
- Dermatopathology Department, St. John's Institute of Dermatology, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Julian Downward
- Oncogene Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Frank O Nestle
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- Sanofi US, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sophia Tsoka
- Department of Informatics, Faculty of Natural, Mathematical and Engineering Sciences, King's College London, Bush House, London, WC2B 4BG, UK
| | - Debra H Josephs
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- Cancer Centre at Guy's, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Philip J Blower
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Panagiotis Karagiannis
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- Department of Oncology, Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katie E Lacy
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - James Spicer
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- Cancer Centre at Guy's, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Sophia N Karagiannis
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
| | - Heather J Bax
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
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5
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Corogeanu D, Zaki K, Beavil AJ, Arnold JN, Diebold SS. Antibody conjugates for targeted delivery of Toll-like receptor 9 agonist to the tumor tissue. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282831. [PMID: 36913398 PMCID: PMC10010539 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Imiquimod, a Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonist is routinely used for topical administration in basal cell carcinoma and stage zero melanoma. Similarly, the TLR agonist Bacillus Calmette-Guérin is used for the local treatment of bladder cancer and clinical trials showed treatment efficacy of intratumoral injections with TLR9 agonists. However, when administered systemically, endosomal TLR agonists cause adverse responses due to broad immune activation. Hence, strategies for targeted delivery of TLR agonists to the tumor tissue are needed to enable the widespread use of endosomal TLR agonists in the context of tumor immunotherapy. One strategy for targeted delivery of TLR agonist is their conjugation to tumor antigen-specific therapeutic antibodies. Such antibody-TLR agonist conjugates act synergistically by inducing local TLR-mediated innate immune activation which complements the anti-tumor immune mechanisms induced by the therapeutic antibody. In this study, we explored different conjugation strategies for TLR9 agonists to immunoglobulin G (IgG). We evaluated biochemical conjugation of immunostimulatory CpG oligodesoxyribonucleotides (ODN) to the HER2-specific therapeutic antibody Trastuzumab with different cross-linkers comparing stochastic with site-specific conjugation. The physiochemical make-up and biological activities of the generated Trastuzumab-ODN conjugates were characterized in vitro and demonstrated that site-specific conjugation of CpG ODN is crucial for maintaining the antigen-binding capabilities of Trastuzumab. Furthermore, site-specific conjugate was effective in promoting anti-tumor immune responses in vivo in a pseudo-metastasis mouse model with engineered human HER2-transgenic tumor cells. In this in vivo model, co-delivery of Trastuzumab and CpG ODN in form of site-specific conjugates was superior to co-injection of unconjugated Trastuzumab, CpG ODN or stochastic conjugate in promoting T cell activation and expansion. Thereby, this study highlights that site-specific conjugation of CpG ODN to therapeutic antibodies targeting tumor markers is a feasible and more reliable approach for generation of conjugates which retain and combine the functional properties of the adjuvant and the antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Corogeanu
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Biotherapeutics Division, Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, Potters Bar, United Kingdom
| | - Kam Zaki
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Advanced Therapies Division, Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, Potters Bar, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Beavil
- King's College London, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - James N Arnold
- King's College London, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra S Diebold
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Biotherapeutics Division, Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, Potters Bar, United Kingdom
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6
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Ilkow VF, Davies AM, Dhaliwal B, Beavil AJ, Sutton BJ, McDonnell JM. Reviving lost binding sites: Exploring calcium-binding site transitions between human and murine CD23. FEBS Open Bio 2021; 11:1827-1840. [PMID: 34075727 PMCID: PMC8255853 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is a central regulatory and triggering molecule of allergic immune responses. IgE's interaction with CD23 modulates both IgE production and functional activities.CD23 is a noncanonical immunoglobulin receptor, unrelated to receptors of other antibody isotypes. Human CD23 is a calcium-dependent (C-type) lectin-like domain that has apparently lost its carbohydrate-binding capability. The calcium-binding site classically required for carbohydrate binding in C-type lectins is absent in human CD23 but is present in the murine molecule. To determine whether the absence of this calcium-binding site affects the structure and function of human CD23, CD23 mutant proteins with increasingly "murine-like" sequences were generated. Restoration of the calcium-binding site was confirmed by NMR spectroscopy, and structures of mutant human CD23 proteins were determined by X-ray crystallography, although no electron density for calcium was observed. This study offers insights into the evolutionary differences between murine and human CD23 and some of the functional differences between CD23 in different species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica F. Ilkow
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular BiophysicsKing’s College LondonUK
- Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of AsthmaLondonUK
| | - Anna M. Davies
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular BiophysicsKing’s College LondonUK
- Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of AsthmaLondonUK
| | - Balvinder Dhaliwal
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular BiophysicsKing’s College LondonUK
- Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of AsthmaLondonUK
| | - Andrew J. Beavil
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular BiophysicsKing’s College LondonUK
- Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of AsthmaLondonUK
| | - Brian J. Sutton
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular BiophysicsKing’s College LondonUK
- Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of AsthmaLondonUK
| | - James M. McDonnell
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular BiophysicsKing’s College LondonUK
- Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of AsthmaLondonUK
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7
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Vester SK, Beavil RL, Lynham S, Beavil AJ, Cunninghame Graham DS, McDonnell JM, Vyse TJ. Nucleolin acts as the receptor for C1QTNF4 and supports C1QTNF4-mediated innate immunity modulation. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100513. [PMID: 33676896 PMCID: PMC8042453 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The C1q and TNF related 4 (C1QTNF4) protein is a structurally unique member of the C1QTNF family, a family of secreted proteins that have structural homology with both complement C1q and the tumor necrosis factor superfamily. C1QTNF4 has been linked to the autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus through genetic studies; however, its role in immunity and inflammation remains poorly defined and a cell surface receptor of C1QTNF4 has yet to be identified. Here we report identification of nucleolin as a cell surface receptor of C1QTNF4 using mass spectrometric analysis. Additionally, we present evidence that the interaction between C1QTNF4 and nucleolin is mediated by the second C1q-like domain of C1QTNF4 and the C terminus of nucleolin. We show that monocytes and B cells are target cells of C1QTNF4 and observe extensive binding to dead cells. Imaging flow cytometry experiments in monocytes show that C1QTNF4 becomes actively internalized upon cell binding. Our results suggest that nucleolin may serve as a docking molecule for C1QTNF4 and act in a context-dependent manner through coreceptors. Taken together, these findings further our understanding of C1QTNF4's function in the healthy immune system and how dysfunction may contribute to the development of systemic lupus erythematosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan K Vester
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Rebecca L Beavil
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK; Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK
| | - Steven Lynham
- Proteomics Facility, Centre of Excellence for Mass Spectrometry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew J Beavil
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK; Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK
| | | | - James M McDonnell
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK; Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK
| | - Timothy J Vyse
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, UK.
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8
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Mitropoulou AN, Ceska T, Heads JT, Beavil AJ, Henry AJ, McDonnell JM, Sutton BJ, Davies AM. Engineering the Fab fragment of the anti-IgE omalizumab to prevent Fab crystallization and permit IgE-Fc complex crystallization. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2020; 76:116-129. [PMID: 32133997 PMCID: PMC7057348 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x20001466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin E (IgE) plays a central role in the allergic response, in which cross-linking of allergen by FcεRI-bound IgE triggers mast cell and basophil degranulation and the release of inflammatory mediators. The high-affinity interaction between IgE and FcεRI is a long-standing target for therapeutic intervention in allergic disease. Omalizumab is a clinically approved anti-IgE monoclonal antibody that binds to free IgE, also with high affinity, preventing its interaction with FcεRI. All attempts to crystallize the pre-formed complex between the omalizumab Fab and the Fc region of IgE (IgE-Fc), to understand the structural basis for its mechanism of action, surprisingly failed. Instead, the Fab alone selectively crystallized in different crystal forms, but their structures revealed intermolecular Fab/Fab interactions that were clearly strong enough to disrupt the Fab/IgE-Fc complexes. Some of these interactions were common to other Fab crystal structures. Mutations were therefore designed to disrupt two recurring packing interactions observed in the omalizumab Fab crystal structures without interfering with the ability of the omalizumab Fab to recognize IgE-Fc; this led to the successful crystallization and subsequent structure determination of the Fab/IgE-Fc complex. The mutagenesis strategy adopted to achieve this result is applicable to other intractable Fab/antigen complexes or systems in which Fabs are used as crystallization chaperones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alkistis N. Mitropoulou
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, New Hunt’s House, London SE1 1UL, UK
- Medical Research Council and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK
| | - Tom Ceska
- UCB Celltech, 208 Bath Road, Slough SL1 3WE, UK
| | | | - Andrew J. Beavil
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, New Hunt’s House, London SE1 1UL, UK
- Medical Research Council and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK
| | | | - James M. McDonnell
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, New Hunt’s House, London SE1 1UL, UK
- Medical Research Council and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK
| | - Brian J. Sutton
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, New Hunt’s House, London SE1 1UL, UK
- Medical Research Council and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK
| | - Anna M. Davies
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, New Hunt’s House, London SE1 1UL, UK
- Medical Research Council and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK
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9
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Chen JB, Ramadani F, Pang MOY, Beavil RL, Holdom MD, Mitropoulou AN, Beavil AJ, Gould HJ, Chang TW, Sutton BJ, McDonnell JM, Davies AM. Structural basis for selective inhibition of immunoglobulin E-receptor interactions by an anti-IgE antibody. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11548. [PMID: 30069035 PMCID: PMC6070508 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29664-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies play a central role in the allergic response: interaction with FcεRI on mast cells and basophils leads to immediate hypersensitivity reactions upon allergen challenge, while interaction with CD23/FcεRII, expressed on a variety of cells, regulates IgE synthesis among other activities. The receptor-binding IgE-Fc region has recently been found to display remarkable flexibility, from acutely bent to extended conformations, with allosteric communication between the distant FcεRI and CD23 binding sites. We report the structure of an anti-IgE antibody Fab (8D6) bound to IgE-Fc through a mixed protein-carbohydrate epitope, revealing further flexibility and a novel extended conformation with potential relevance to that of membrane-bound IgE in the B cell receptor for antigen. Unlike the earlier, clinically approved anti-IgE antibody omalizumab, 8D6 inhibits binding to FcεRI but not CD23; the structure reveals how this discrimination is achieved through both orthosteric and allosteric mechanisms, supporting therapeutic strategies that retain the benefits of CD23 binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiun-Bo Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
- King's College London, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, London, SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Faruk Ramadani
- King's College London, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, London, SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marie O Y Pang
- King's College London, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, London, SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca L Beavil
- King's College London, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, London, SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma Protein Production Facility, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mary D Holdom
- King's College London, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, London, SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alkistis N Mitropoulou
- King's College London, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, London, SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Beavil
- King's College London, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, London, SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah J Gould
- King's College London, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, London, SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tse Wen Chang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Brian J Sutton
- King's College London, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, London, SE1 1UL, United Kingdom.
- Medical Research Council & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom.
| | - James M McDonnell
- King's College London, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, London, SE1 1UL, United Kingdom.
- Medical Research Council & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Anna M Davies
- King's College London, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, London, SE1 1UL, United Kingdom.
- Medical Research Council & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom.
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10
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Ilieva KM, Fazekas-Singer J, Achkova DY, Dodev TS, Mele S, Crescioli S, Bax HJ, Cheung A, Karagiannis P, Correa I, Figini M, Marlow R, Josephs DH, Beavil AJ, Maher J, Spicer JF, Jensen-Jarolim E, Tutt AN, Karagiannis SN. Functionally Active Fc Mutant Antibodies Recognizing Cancer Antigens Generated Rapidly at High Yields. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1112. [PMID: 28959256 PMCID: PMC5604060 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies find broad application as therapy for various types of cancer by employing multiple mechanisms of action against tumors. Manipulating the Fc-mediated functions of antibodies that engage immune effector cells, such as NK cells, represents a strategy to influence effector cell activation and to enhance antibody potency and potentially efficacy. We developed a novel approach to generate and ascertain the functional attributes of Fc mutant monoclonal antibodies. This entailed coupling single expression vector (pVitro1) antibody cloning, using polymerase incomplete primer extension (PIPE) polymerase chain reaction, together with simultaneous Fc region point mutagenesis and high yield transient expression in human mammalian cells. Employing this, we engineered wild type, low (N297Q, NQ), and high (S239D/I332E, DE) FcR-binding Fc mutant monoclonal antibody panels recognizing two cancer antigens, HER2/neu and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4. Antibodies were generated with universal mutagenic primers applicable to any IgG1 pVitro1 constructs, with high mutagenesis and transfection efficiency, in small culture volumes, at high yields and within 12 days from design to purified material. Antibody variants conserved their Fab-mediated recognition of target antigens and their direct anti-proliferative effects against cancer cells. Fc mutations had a significant impact on antibody interactions with Fc receptors (FcRs) on human NK cells, and consequently on the potency of NK cell activation, quantified by immune complex-mediated calcium mobilization and by antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) of tumor cells. This strategy for manipulation and testing of Fc region engagement with cognate FcRs can facilitate the design of antibodies with defined effector functions and potentially enhanced efficacy against tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina M Ilieva
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Breast Cancer Now Unit, School of Cancer Sciences, Guy's Cancer Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Judit Fazekas-Singer
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Y Achkova
- School of Cancer Sciences, King's College London, Bermondsey Wing, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tihomir S Dodev
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, London, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Mele
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Crescioli
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Heather J Bax
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Cheung
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Breast Cancer Now Unit, School of Cancer Sciences, Guy's Cancer Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Panagiotis Karagiannis
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Oncology, Haematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital of Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Isabel Correa
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mariangela Figini
- Molecular Therapies Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Rebecca Marlow
- Breast Cancer Now Unit, School of Cancer Sciences, Guy's Cancer Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Debra H Josephs
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,School of Cancer Sciences, King's College London, Bermondsey Wing, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Beavil
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, London, United Kingdom
| | - John Maher
- School of Cancer Sciences, King's College London, Bermondsey Wing, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Immunology, Eastbourne Hospital, Eastbourne, United Kingdom
| | - James F Spicer
- School of Cancer Sciences, King's College London, Bermondsey Wing, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Erika Jensen-Jarolim
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrew N Tutt
- Breast Cancer Now Unit, School of Cancer Sciences, Guy's Cancer Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sophia N Karagiannis
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Breast Cancer Now Unit, School of Cancer Sciences, Guy's Cancer Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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11
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Doré KA, Davies AM, Drinkwater N, Beavil AJ, McDonnell JM, Sutton BJ. Thermal sensitivity and flexibility of the Cε3 domains in immunoglobulin E. Biochim Biophys Acta Proteins Proteom 2017; 1865:1336-1347. [PMID: 28844738 PMCID: PMC5652521 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is the antibody that plays a central role in the mechanisms of allergic diseases such as asthma. Interactions with its receptors, FcεRI on mast cells and CD23 on B cells, are mediated by the Fc region, a dimer of the Cε2, Cε3 and Cε4 domains. A sub-fragment lacking the Cε2 domains, Fcε3–4, also binds to both receptors, although receptor binding almost exclusively involves the Cε3 domains. This domain also contains the N-linked glycosylation site conserved in other isotypes. We report here the crystal structures of IgE-Fc and Fcε3–4 at the highest resolutions yet determined, 1.75 Å and 2.0 Å respectively, revealing unprecedented detail regarding the carbohydrate and its interactions with protein domains. Analysis of the crystallographic B-factors of these, together with all earlier IgE-Fc and Fcε3–4 structures, shows that the Cε3 domains exhibit the greatest intrinsic flexibility and quaternary structural variation within IgE-Fc. Intriguingly, both well-ordered carbohydrate and disordered polypeptide can be seen within the same Cε3 domain. A simplified method for comparing the quaternary structures of the Cε3 domains in free and receptor-bound IgE-Fc structures is presented, which clearly delineates the FcεRI and CD23 bound states. Importantly, differential scanning fluorimetric analysis of IgE-Fc and Fcε3–4 identifies Cε3 as the domain most susceptible to thermally-induced unfolding, and responsible for the characteristically low melting temperature of IgE. The Cε3 domains of IgE are most susceptible to thermally induced unfolding determined by differential scanning fluorimetry. The Cε3 domains are responsible for the characteristically low melting temperature of IgE. The Cε3 domains exhibit the greatest intrinsic flexibility. Quaternary structural diversity of Cε3 domains is compared across all known structures using a simplified single parameter. Human IgE-Fc and Fcε3–4 domain structures are determined at the highest resolutions yet reported (1.75 Å and 2.0 Å).
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Affiliation(s)
- Katy A Doré
- King's College London, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom; Medical Research Council & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna M Davies
- King's College London, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom; Medical Research Council & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nyssa Drinkwater
- King's College London, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom; Medical Research Council & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Beavil
- King's College London, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom; Medical Research Council & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom
| | - James M McDonnell
- King's College London, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom; Medical Research Council & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom
| | - Brian J Sutton
- King's College London, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom; Medical Research Council & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom.
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12
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Davies AM, Allan EG, Keeble AH, Delgado J, Cossins BP, Mitropoulou AN, Pang MOY, Ceska T, Beavil AJ, Craggs G, Westwood M, Henry AJ, McDonnell JM, Sutton BJ. Allosteric mechanism of action of the therapeutic anti-IgE antibody omalizumab. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:9975-9987. [PMID: 28438838 PMCID: PMC5473249 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.776476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin E and its interactions with receptors FcϵRI and CD23 play a central role in allergic disease. Omalizumab, a clinically approved therapeutic antibody, inhibits the interaction between IgE and FcϵRI, preventing mast cell and basophil activation, and blocks IgE binding to CD23 on B cells and antigen-presenting cells. We solved the crystal structure of the complex between an omalizumab-derived Fab and IgE-Fc, with one Fab bound to each Cϵ3 domain. Free IgE-Fc adopts an acutely bent structure, but in the complex it is only partially bent, with large-scale conformational changes in the Cϵ3 domains that inhibit the interaction with FcϵRI. CD23 binding is inhibited sterically due to overlapping binding sites on each Cϵ3 domain. Studies of omalizumab Fab binding in solution demonstrate the allosteric basis for FcϵRI inhibition and, together with the structure, reveal how omalizumab may accelerate dissociation of receptor-bound IgE from FcϵRI, exploiting the intrinsic flexibility and allosteric potential of IgE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Davies
- From the Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL
- the Medical Research Council and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London SE1 1UL, and
| | - Elizabeth G Allan
- From the Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL
- the Medical Research Council and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London SE1 1UL, and
| | - Anthony H Keeble
- From the Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL
- the Medical Research Council and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London SE1 1UL, and
| | - Jean Delgado
- UCB-Celltech, 208 Bath Road, Slough SL1 3WE, United Kingdom
| | | | - Alkistis N Mitropoulou
- From the Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL
- the Medical Research Council and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London SE1 1UL, and
| | - Marie O Y Pang
- From the Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL
- the Medical Research Council and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London SE1 1UL, and
| | - Tom Ceska
- UCB-Celltech, 208 Bath Road, Slough SL1 3WE, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Beavil
- From the Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL
- the Medical Research Council and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London SE1 1UL, and
| | - Graham Craggs
- UCB-Celltech, 208 Bath Road, Slough SL1 3WE, United Kingdom
| | - Marta Westwood
- UCB-Celltech, 208 Bath Road, Slough SL1 3WE, United Kingdom
| | | | - James M McDonnell
- From the Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL,
- the Medical Research Council and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London SE1 1UL, and
| | - Brian J Sutton
- From the Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL,
- the Medical Research Council and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London SE1 1UL, and
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13
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Josephs DH, Bax HJ, Dodev T, Georgouli M, Nakamura M, Pellizzari G, Saul L, Karagiannis P, Cheung A, Herraiz C, Ilieva KM, Correa I, Fittall M, Crescioli S, Gazinska P, Woodman N, Mele S, Chiaruttini G, Gilbert AE, Koers A, Bracher M, Selkirk C, Lentfer H, Barton C, Lever E, Muirhead G, Tsoka S, Canevari S, Figini M, Montes A, Downes N, Dombrowicz D, Corrigan CJ, Beavil AJ, Nestle FO, Jones PS, Gould HJ, Sanz-Moreno V, Blower PJ, Spicer JF, Karagiannis SN. Anti-Folate Receptor-α IgE but not IgG Recruits Macrophages to Attack Tumors via TNFα/MCP-1 Signaling. Cancer Res 2017; 77:1127-1141. [PMID: 28096174 PMCID: PMC6173310 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-1829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
IgE antibodies are key mediators of antiparasitic immune responses, but their potential for cancer treatment via antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) has been little studied. Recently, tumor antigen-specific IgEs were reported to restrict cancer cell growth by engaging high-affinity Fc receptors on monocytes and macrophages; however, the underlying therapeutic mechanisms were undefined and in vivo proof of concept was limited. Here, an immunocompetent rat model was designed to recapitulate the human IgE-Fcε receptor system for cancer studies. We also generated rat IgE and IgG mAbs specific for the folate receptor (FRα), which is expressed widely on human ovarian tumors, along with a syngeneic rat tumor model expressing human FRα. Compared with IgG, anti-FRα IgE reduced lung metastases. This effect was associated with increased intratumoral infiltration by TNFα+ and CD80+ macrophages plus elevated TNFα and the macrophage chemoattractant MCP-1 in lung bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Increased levels of TNFα and MCP-1 correlated with IgE-mediated tumor cytotoxicity by human monocytes and with longer patient survival in clinical specimens of ovarian cancer. Monocytes responded to IgE but not IgG exposure by upregulating TNFα, which in turn induced MCP-1 production by monocytes and tumor cells to promote a monocyte chemotactic response. Conversely, blocking TNFα receptor signaling abrogated induction of MCP-1, implicating it in the antitumor effects of IgE. Overall, these findings show how antitumor IgE reprograms monocytes and macrophages in the tumor microenvironment, encouraging the clinical use of IgE antibody technology to attack cancer beyond the present exclusive reliance on IgG. Cancer Res; 77(5); 1127-41. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra H Josephs
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Heather J Bax
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tihomir Dodev
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, MRC and Asthma UK Centre for Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mirella Georgouli
- Tumor Plasticity Laboratory, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mano Nakamura
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giulia Pellizzari
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Louise Saul
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Panagiotis Karagiannis
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Cheung
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cecilia Herraiz
- Tumor Plasticity Laboratory, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kristina M Ilieva
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Isabel Correa
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Fittall
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Crescioli
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Patrycja Gazinska
- King's Health Partners Cancer Biobank, Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie Woodman
- King's Health Partners Cancer Biobank, Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Mele
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giulia Chiaruttini
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amy E Gilbert
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Koers
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marguerite Bracher
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Selkirk
- Biotherapeutics Development Unit, Cancer Research UK, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Heike Lentfer
- Biotherapeutics Development Unit, Cancer Research UK, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Barton
- Centre for Drug Development, Cancer Research UK, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elliott Lever
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth Muirhead
- Department of Informatics, Faculty of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sophia Tsoka
- Department of Informatics, Faculty of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Silvana Canevari
- Molecular Therapies Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Mariangela Figini
- Molecular Therapies Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Ana Montes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Noel Downes
- Sequani, Ledbury, Herefordshire, United Kingdom
| | - David Dombrowicz
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1011, Lille, France
| | - Christopher J Corrigan
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, MRC and Asthma UK Centre for Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Beavil
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, MRC and Asthma UK Centre for Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Frank O Nestle
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Immunology and Inflammation Therapeutic Research Area, Sanofi US, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Paul S Jones
- Centre for Drug Development, Cancer Research UK, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah J Gould
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, MRC and Asthma UK Centre for Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria Sanz-Moreno
- Tumor Plasticity Laboratory, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Philip J Blower
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James F Spicer
- Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sophia N Karagiannis
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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14
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Devauges V, Poland SP, Monypenny J, Keeble AH, Beavil AJ, Ameer-Beg SM. Towards Single Molecule Imaging of Fluorescence Anisotropy. Biophys J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.11.976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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15
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Mitropoulou AN, Davies AM, Dodev TS, James LK, Beavil RL, Gould HJ, McDonnell JM, Beavil AJ, Sutton BJ. The crystal structure of a common allergen in complex with its specific patient-derived antibody. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053273315096059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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16
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Dodev TS, Karagiannis P, Gilbert AE, Josephs DH, Bowen H, James LK, Bax HJ, Beavil R, Pang MO, Gould HJ, Karagiannis SN, Beavil AJ. A tool kit for rapid cloning and expression of recombinant antibodies. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5885. [PMID: 25073855 PMCID: PMC4115235 DOI: 10.1038/srep05885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last four decades, molecular cloning has evolved tremendously. Efficient products allowing assembly of multiple DNA fragments have become available. However, cost-effective tools for engineering antibodies of different specificities, isotypes and species are still needed for many research and clinical applications in academia. Here, we report a method for one-step assembly of antibody heavy- and light-chain DNAs into a single mammalian expression vector, starting from DNAs encoding the desired variable and constant regions, which allows antibodies of different isotypes and specificity to be rapidly generated. As a proof of principle we have cloned, expressed and characterized functional recombinant tumor-associated antigen-specific chimeric IgE/κ and IgG1/κ, as well as recombinant grass pollen allergen Phl p 7 specific fully human IgE/λ and IgG4/λ antibodies. This method utilizing the antibody expression vectors, available at Addgene, has many applications, including the potential to support simultaneous processing of antibody panels, to facilitate mechanistic studies of antigen-antibody interactions and to conduct early evaluations of antibody functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tihomir S Dodev
- 1] NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospitals and King's College London, London, UK [2] Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Panagiotis Karagiannis
- 1] NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospitals and King's College London, London, UK [2] St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London School of Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Amy E Gilbert
- 1] NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospitals and King's College London, London, UK [2] St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London School of Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Debra H Josephs
- 1] NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospitals and King's College London, London, UK [2] St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London School of Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK [3] Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, 3rd Floor Bermondsey Wing, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Holly Bowen
- 1] NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospitals and King's College London, London, UK [2] Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Louisa K James
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Heather J Bax
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Rebecca Beavil
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Marie O Pang
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Hannah J Gould
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Sophia N Karagiannis
- 1] NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospitals and King's College London, London, UK [2] St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London School of Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Andrew J Beavil
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
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17
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Drinkwater N, Cossins B, Keeble AH, Wright M, Cain K, Hailu H, Oxbrow A, Delgado J, Shuttleworth LK, Kao MWP, McDonnell JM, Beavil AJ, Henry AJ, Sutton BJ. Human immunoglobulin E flexes between acutely bent and extended conformations. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2014; 21:397-404. [PMID: 24632569 PMCID: PMC3977038 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.2795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Crystallographic and solution studies have shown that IgE molecules are acutely bent in their Fc region. Crystal structures reveal the Cɛ2 domain pair folded back onto the Cɛ3-Cɛ4 domains, but is the molecule exclusively bent or can the Cɛ2 domains adopt extended conformations and even 'flip' from one side of the molecule to the other? We report the crystal structure of IgE-Fc captured in a fully extended, symmetrical conformation and show by molecular dynamics, calorimetry, stopped-flow kinetic, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) analyses that the antibody can indeed adopt such extended conformations in solution. This diversity of conformational states available to IgE-Fc offers a new perspective on IgE function in allergen recognition, as part of the B-cell receptor and as a therapeutic target in allergic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyssa Drinkwater
- King’s College London, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt’s House, Guy’s Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
- Medical Research Council & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, New Hunt’s House, Guy’s Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | | | - Anthony H Keeble
- King’s College London, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt’s House, Guy’s Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
- Medical Research Council & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, New Hunt’s House, Guy’s Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael W-P Kao
- King’s College London, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt’s House, Guy’s Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
- Medical Research Council & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, New Hunt’s House, Guy’s Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - James M McDonnell
- King’s College London, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt’s House, Guy’s Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
- Medical Research Council & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, New Hunt’s House, Guy’s Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Andrew J Beavil
- King’s College London, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt’s House, Guy’s Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
- Medical Research Council & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, New Hunt’s House, Guy’s Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | | | - Brian J Sutton
- King’s College London, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt’s House, Guy’s Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
- Medical Research Council & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, New Hunt’s House, Guy’s Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
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18
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Dhaliwal B, Pang MOY, Yuan D, Beavil AJ, Sutton BJ. A range of Cℇ3-Cℇ4 interdomain angles in IgE Fc accommodate binding to its receptor CD23. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2014; 70:305-9. [PMID: 24598915 PMCID: PMC3944690 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x14003355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
The structure of a new crystal form of IgE-Fc in complex with its B-cell receptor CD23 has been determined. The structure reveals that there is conformational variability at the interface in both IgE-Fc and CD23. The antibody IgE plays a central role in allergic disease, functioning principally through two cell-surface receptors: Fc∊RI and CD23. Fc∊RI on mast cells and basophils mediates the immediate hypersensitivity response, whilst the interaction of IgE with CD23 on B cells regulates IgE production. Crystal structures of the lectin-like ‘head’ domain of CD23 alone and bound to a subfragment of IgE consisting of the dimer of C∊3 and C∊4 domains (Fc∊3-4) have recently been determined, revealing flexibility in the IgE-binding site of CD23. Here, a new crystal form of the CD23–Fc∊3-4 complex with different molecular-packing constraints is reported, which together with the earlier results demonstrates that conformational variability at the interface extends additionally to the IgE Fc and the quaternary structure of its domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balvinder Dhaliwal
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, England
| | - Marie O Y Pang
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, England
| | - Daopeng Yuan
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, England
| | - Andrew J Beavil
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, England
| | - Brian J Sutton
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, England
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19
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Drinkwater N, Cossins B, Keeble AH, Wright M, McDonnell JM, Beavil AJ, Henry AJ, Sutton BJ. Human IgE flips between two acutely bent structures viaan ensemble of extended conformations. Acta Crystallogr A 2013. [DOI: 10.1107/s010876731309702x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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20
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Dhaliwal B, Pang MO, Yuan D, Yahya N, Fabiane SM, McDonnell JM, Gould HJ, Beavil AJ, Sutton BJ. Conformational plasticity at the IgE-binding site of the B-cell receptor CD23. Mol Immunol 2013; 56:693-7. [PMID: 23933509 PMCID: PMC3807792 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2013.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The IgE antibody plays a central role in allergic disease. Binding of IgE to the B-cell receptor CD23 regulates IgE synthesis. Seven crystal forms of the IgE-binding head domain of CD23 have been analyzed and compared. The thirty-five independent structures reveal conformational plasticity in two IgE-binding loops.
IgE antibodies play a central role in allergic disease. They recognize allergens via their Fab regions, whilst their effector functions are controlled through interactions of the Fc region with two principal cell surface receptors, FcɛRI and CD23. Crosslinking of FcɛRI-bound IgE on mast cells and basophils by allergen initiates an immediate inflammatory response, while the interaction of IgE with CD23 on B-cells regulates IgE production. We have determined the structures of the C-type lectin “head” domain of CD23 from seven crystal forms. The thirty-five independent structures reveal extensive conformational plasticity in two loops that are critical for IgE binding.
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MESH Headings
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Binding Sites/immunology
- Crystallography, X-Ray
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin E/chemistry
- Immunoglobulin E/immunology
- Immunoglobulin E/metabolism
- Models, Molecular
- Protein Binding/immunology
- Protein Conformation
- Protein Structure, Secondary
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/chemistry
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/metabolism
- Receptors, IgE/chemistry
- Receptors, IgE/immunology
- Receptors, IgE/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Balvinder Dhaliwal
- King's College London, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
- MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK
- Corresponding author at: King's College London, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK. Tel.: +44 020 7848 6422; fax: +44 020 7848 6435.
| | - Marie O.Y. Pang
- King's College London, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
- MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK
| | - Daopeng Yuan
- King's College London, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
- MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK
| | - Norhakim Yahya
- King's College London, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
- MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK
| | - Stella M. Fabiane
- King's College London, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
- MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK
| | - James M. McDonnell
- King's College London, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
- MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK
| | - Hannah J. Gould
- King's College London, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
- MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK
| | - Andrew J. Beavil
- King's College London, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
- MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK
| | - Brian J. Sutton
- King's College London, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
- MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK
- Corresponding author at: King's College London, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK. Tel.: +44 020 7848 6423; fax: +44 020 7848 6410.
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21
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Yuan D, Keeble AH, Hibbert RG, Fabiane S, Gould HJ, McDonnell JM, Beavil AJ, Sutton BJ, Dhaliwal B. Ca2+-dependent structural changes in the B-cell receptor CD23 increase its affinity for human immunoglobulin E. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:21667-77. [PMID: 23775083 PMCID: PMC3724626 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.480657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies play a fundamental role in allergic disease and are a target for therapeutic intervention. IgE functions principally through two receptors, FcϵRI and CD23 (FcϵRII). Minute amounts of allergen trigger mast cell or basophil degranulation by cross-linking IgE-bound FcϵRI, leading to an inflammatory response. The interaction between IgE and CD23 on B-cells regulates IgE synthesis. CD23 is unique among Ig receptors in that it belongs to the C-type (calcium-dependent) lectin-like superfamily. Although the interaction of CD23 with IgE is carbohydrate-independent, calcium has been reported to increase the affinity for IgE, but the structural basis for this activity has previously been unknown. We have determined the crystal structures of the human lectin-like head domain of CD23 in its Ca2+-free and Ca2+-bound forms, as well as the crystal structure of the Ca2+-bound head domain of CD23 in complex with a subfragment of IgE-Fc consisting of the dimer of Cϵ3 and Cϵ4 domains (Fcϵ3-4). Together with site-directed mutagenesis, the crystal structures of four Ca2+ ligand mutants, isothermal titration calorimetry, surface plasmon resonance, and stopped-flow analysis, we demonstrate that Ca2+ binds at the principal and evolutionarily conserved binding site in CD23. Ca2+ binding drives Pro-250, at the base of an IgE-binding loop (loop 4), from the trans to the cis configuration with a concomitant conformational change and ordering of residues in the loop. These Ca2+-induced structural changes in CD23 lead to additional interactions with IgE, a more entropically favorable interaction, and a 30-fold increase in affinity of a single head domain of CD23 for IgE. Taken together, these results suggest that binding of Ca2+ brings an extra degree of modulation to CD23 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daopeng Yuan
- King's College London and the Medical Research Council and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
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22
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Karagiannis SN, Josephs DH, Karagiannis P, Saul L, Gilbert AE, Dodev T, Koers A, Blower PJ, Beavil AJ, Nestle FO, Spicer JF, Gould HJ. Abstract B46: Immunotherapy of solid tumors with IgE antibodies: Paradigm of a novel concept towards clinical application. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.tumimm2012-b46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Developing therapeutic antibodies with enhanced effector functions may be key to improving clinical outcomes in cancer. Our strategy to address this entails engineering antibodies directly targeting tumor antigens and bearing Fc regions of the IgE antibody class. Numerous attributes of this class, such as natural immune activatory functions in tissues and high affinity for cognate receptors on frequently tumor-resident effector cells can translate into effector cell activation and superior protection against solid tumors, compared to the conventionally-used antibodies with IgG Fc regions. We have developed a paradigm for this concept, the antibody MOv18 IgE, against the tumor antigen Folate Receptor α. This agent is presently prepared for first-in-man clinical studies, having demonstrated superior efficacy compared to the corresponding IgG1 antibody in three in vivo models of cancer, including one in an immunocompetent host. The antibody also yielded very promising safety profiles in in vivo evaluations, and also in ex vivo readouts normally applied in the field of allergy to examine sensitivity to allergens. The latter studies, conducted using cancer patient blood, suggest that this antibody is unlikely to trigger Type I hypersensitivity in patients. We have now extended the pathway to the design of similarly potent antibodies for the treatment of other solid tumors such as malignant melanoma and breast carcinoma. Two antibodies with Fc regions of the IgG1 and IgE classes and the same specificity for CSPG4, a tumor antigen expressed by 80% of melanomas, were tested in a xenograft model of human melanoma in a humanized host, with evident superior efficacy for the IgE counterpart. On-going evaluations and planned clinical studies in patients with cancer will constitute important metrics of the concept of IgE antibodies in cancer therapy, will inform the emerging field of AllergoOncology and will provide new scope for the design of novel cancer therapies.
Citation Format: Sophia N. Karagiannis, Debra H. Josephs, Panagiotis Karagiannis, Louise Saul, Amy E. Gilbert, Tihomir Dodev, Alexander Koers, Philip J. Blower, Andrew J. Beavil, Frank O. Nestle, James F. Spicer, Hannah J. Gould. Immunotherapy of solid tumors with IgE antibodies: Paradigm of a novel concept towards clinical application. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology: Multidisciplinary Science Driving Basic and Clinical Advances; Dec 2-5, 2012; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(1 Suppl):Abstract nr B46.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Louise Saul
- King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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23
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Karagiannis SN, Josephs DH, Karagiannis P, Gilbert AE, Saul L, Rudman SM, Dodev T, Koers A, Blower PJ, Corrigan C, Beavil AJ, Spicer JF, Nestle FO, Gould HJ. Recombinant IgE antibodies for passive immunotherapy of solid tumours: from concept towards clinical application. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2012; 61:1547-64. [PMID: 22139135 PMCID: PMC11028906 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-011-1162-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic antibodies have revolutionised treatment of some cancers and improved prognosis for many patients. Over half of those available are approved for haematological malignancies, but efficacious antibodies for solid tumours are still urgently needed. Clinically available antibodies belong to the IgG class, the most prevalent antibody class in human blood, while other classes have not been extensively considered. We hypothesised that the unique properties of IgE, a class of tissue-resident antibodies commonly associated with allergies, which can trigger powerful immune responses through strong affinity for their particular receptors on effector cells, could be employed for passive immunotherapy of solid tumours such as ovarian and breast carcinomas. Our laboratory has examined this concept by evaluating two chimaeric antibodies of the same specificity (MOv18) but different isotype, an IgG1 and an IgE against the tumour antigen folate receptor α (FRα). The latter demonstrates the potency of IgE to mount superior immune responses against tumours in disease-relevant models. We identified Fcε receptor-expressing cells, monocytes/macrophages and eosinophils, activated by MOv18 IgE to kill tumour cells by mechanisms such as ADCC and ADCP. We also applied this notion to a marketed therapeutic, the humanised IgG1 antibody trastuzumab and engineered an IgE counterpart, which retained the functions of trastuzumab in restricting proliferation of HER2/neu-expressing tumour cells but also activated effector cells to kill tumour cells by different mechanisms. On-going efficacy, safety evaluations and future first-in-man clinical studies of IgE therapeutics constitute key metrics for this concept, providing new scope for antibody immunotherapies for solid tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia N Karagiannis
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas's Hospitals and King's College London, London, UK.
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24
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Borthakur S, Hibbert RG, Pang MOY, Yahya N, Bax HJ, Kao MW, Cooper AM, Beavil AJ, Sutton BJ, Gould HJ, McDonnell JM. Mapping of the CD23 binding site on immunoglobulin E (IgE) and allosteric control of the IgE-Fc epsilonRI interaction. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:31457-61. [PMID: 22815482 PMCID: PMC3438978 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.c112.397059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
IgE, the antibody that mediates allergic responses, acts as part of a self-regulating protein network. Its unique effector functions are controlled through interactions of its Fc region with two cellular receptors, FcεRI on mast cells and basophils and CD23 on B cells. IgE cross-linked by allergen triggers mast cell activation via FcεRI, whereas IgE-CD23 interactions control IgE expression levels. We have determined the CD23 binding site on IgE, using a combination of NMR chemical shift mapping and site-directed mutagenesis. We show that the CD23 and FcεRI interaction sites are at opposite ends of the Cε3 domain of IgE, but that receptor binding is mutually inhibitory, mediated by an allosteric mechanism. This prevents CD23-mediated cross-linking of IgE bound to FcεRI on mast cells and resulting antigen-independent anaphylaxis. The mutually inhibitory nature of receptor binding provides a degree of autonomy for the individual activities mediated by IgE-FcεRI and IgE-CD23 interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susmita Borthakur
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
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25
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Hunt J, Keeble AH, Dale RE, Corbett MK, Beavil RL, Levitt J, Swann MJ, Suhling K, Ameer-Beg S, Sutton BJ, Beavil AJ. A fluorescent biosensor reveals conformational changes in human immunoglobulin E Fc: implications for mechanisms of receptor binding, inhibition, and allergen recognition. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:17459-17470. [PMID: 22442150 PMCID: PMC3366799 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.331967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Revised: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
IgE binding to its high affinity receptor FcεRI on mast cells and basophils is a key step in the mechanism of allergic disease and a target for therapeutic intervention. Early indications that IgE adopts a bent structure in solution have been confirmed by recent x-ray crystallographic studies of IgEFc, which further showed that the bend, contrary to expectation, is enhanced in the crystal structure of the complex with receptor. To investigate the structure of IgEFc and its conformational changes that accompany receptor binding in solution, we created a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) biosensor using biologically encoded fluorescent proteins fused to the N- and C-terminal IgEFc domains (Cε2 and Cε4, respectively) together with the theoretical basis for quantitating its behavior. This revealed not only that the IgEFc exists in a bent conformation in solution but also that the bend is indeed enhanced upon FcεRI binding. No change in the degree of bending was seen upon binding to the B cell receptor for IgE, CD23 (FcεRII), but in contrast, binding of the anti-IgE therapeutic antibody omalizumab decreases the extent of the bend, implying a conformational change that opposes FcεRI engagement. HomoFRET measurements further revealed that the (Cε2)(2) and (Cε4)(2) domain pairs behave as rigid units flanking the conformational change in the Cε3 domains. Finally, modeling of the accessible conformations of the two Fab arms in FcεRI-bound IgE revealed a mutual exclusion not seen in IgG and Fab orientations relative to the membrane that may predispose receptor-bound IgE to cross-linking by allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Hunt
- MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Guy's Hospital Campus, London SE1 1UL; The Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Guy's Hospital Campus, London SE1 1UL; The Division of Asthma Allergy and Lung Biology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital Campus, London SE1 1UL
| | - Anthony H Keeble
- MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Guy's Hospital Campus, London SE1 1UL; The Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Guy's Hospital Campus, London SE1 1UL; The Division of Asthma Allergy and Lung Biology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital Campus, London SE1 1UL
| | - Robert E Dale
- The Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Guy's Hospital Campus, London SE1 1UL
| | - Melissa K Corbett
- The Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Guy's Hospital Campus, London SE1 1UL
| | - Rebecca L Beavil
- MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Guy's Hospital Campus, London SE1 1UL; The Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Guy's Hospital Campus, London SE1 1UL; The Division of Asthma Allergy and Lung Biology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital Campus, London SE1 1UL
| | - James Levitt
- The Department of Physics, King's College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS
| | - Marcus J Swann
- Farfield Group Limited, Voyager, Chicago Avenue, Manchester Airport, Manchester, M90 3DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Klaus Suhling
- The Department of Physics, King's College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS
| | - Simon Ameer-Beg
- The Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Guy's Hospital Campus, London SE1 1UL
| | - Brian J Sutton
- MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Guy's Hospital Campus, London SE1 1UL; The Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Guy's Hospital Campus, London SE1 1UL
| | - Andrew J Beavil
- MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Guy's Hospital Campus, London SE1 1UL; The Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Guy's Hospital Campus, London SE1 1UL; The Division of Asthma Allergy and Lung Biology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital Campus, London SE1 1UL.
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26
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Offermann DA, McKendrick JE, Sejberg JJP, Mo B, Holdom MD, Helm BA, Leatherbarrow RJ, Beavil AJ, Sutton BJ, Spivey AC. Synthesis and incorporation into cyclic peptides of tolan amino acids and their hydrogenated congeners: construction of an array of A-B-loop mimetics of the Cε3 domain of human IgE. J Org Chem 2012; 77:3197-214. [PMID: 22397517 DOI: 10.1021/jo202604q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The disruption of the human immunolobulin E-high affinity receptor I (IgE-FcεRI) protein-protein interaction (PPI) is a validated strategy for the development of anti asthma therapeutics. Here, we describe the synthesis of an array of conformationally constrained cyclic peptides based on an epitope of the A-B loop within the Cε3 domain of IgE. The peptides contain various tolan (i.e., 1,2-biarylethyne) amino acids and their fully and partially hydrogenated congeners as conformational constraints. Modest antagonist activity (IC(50) ∼660 μM) is displayed by the peptide containing a 2,2'-tolan, which is the one predicted by molecular modeling to best mimic the conformation of the native A-B loop epitope in IgE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Offermann
- Department of Chemistry, South Kensington Campus, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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27
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Cooper AM, Hobson PS, Jutton MR, Kao MW, Drung B, Schmidt B, Fear DJ, Beavil AJ, McDonnell JM, Sutton BJ, Gould HJ. Soluble CD23 controls IgE synthesis and homeostasis in human B cells. J Immunol 2012; 188:3199-207. [PMID: 22393152 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1102689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
CD23, the low-affinity receptor for IgE, exists in membrane and soluble forms. Soluble CD23 (sCD23) fragments are released from membrane (m)CD23 by the endogenous metalloprotease a disintegrin and metalloprotease 10. When purified tonsil B cells are incubated with IL-4 and anti-CD40 to induce class switching to IgE in vitro, mCD23 is upregulated, and sCD23 accumulates in the medium prior to IgE synthesis. We have uncoupled the effects of mCD23 cleavage and accumulation of sCD23 on IgE synthesis in this system. We show that small interfering RNA inhibition of CD23 synthesis or inhibition of mCD23 cleavage by an a disintegrin and metalloprotease 10 inhibitor, GI254023X, suppresses IL-4 and anti-CD40-stimulated IgE synthesis. Addition of a recombinant trimeric sCD23 enhances IgE synthesis in this system. This occurs even when endogenous mCD23 is protected from cleavage by GI254023X, indicating that IgE synthesis is positively controlled by sCD23. We show that recombinant trimeric sCD23 binds to cells coexpressing mIgE and mCD21 and caps these proteins on the B cell membrane. Upregulation of IgE by sCD23 occurs after class-switch recombination, and its effects are isotype-specific. These results suggest that mIgE and mCD21 cooperate in the sCD23-mediated positive regulation of IgE synthesis on cells committed to IgE synthesis. Feedback regulation may occur when the concentration of secreted IgE becomes great enough to allow binding to mCD23, thus preventing further release of sCD23. We interpret these results with the aid of a model for the upregulation of IgE by sCD23.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison M Cooper
- Medical Research Council and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
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28
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Rudman SM, Josephs DH, Cambrook H, Karagiannis P, Gilbert AE, Dodev T, Hunt J, Koers A, Montes A, Taams L, Canevari S, Figini M, Blower PJ, Beavil AJ, Nicodemus CF, Corrigan C, Kaye SB, Nestle FO, Gould HJ, Spicer JF, Karagiannis SN. Harnessing engineered antibodies of the IgE class to combat malignancy: initial assessment of FcɛRI-mediated basophil activation by a tumour-specific IgE antibody to evaluate the risk of type I hypersensitivity. Clin Exp Allergy 2011; 41:1400-13. [PMID: 21569129 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2011.03770.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IgE antibodies, sequestered into tissues and retained locally by the high-affinity IgE receptor, FcɛRI, on powerful effector cells such as mast cells, macrophages and eosinophils, may offer improvements in the therapy of solid tumours. The chimeric antibody, MOv18 IgE, against the human ovarian carcinoma antigen, folate receptor α (FRα), is more effective than its IgG1 counterpart in xenograft models of ovarian cancer. Although MOv18 IgE binds to a single epitope on FRα and cannot cross-link IgE receptors on basophils, there remains a risk that components in the circulation of ovarian cancer patients might cross-link FRα-MOv18-IgE-receptor-FcɛRI complexes on basophils to cause type I hypersensitivity. OBJECTIVE To assess the propensity for MOv18 used in a therapeutic setting to cause FcɛRI-mediated type I hypersensitivity. METHODS As validated readouts of the potential for MOv18 to cause FcɛRI-mediated type I hypersensitivity we measured release of a granule-stored mediator from a rat basophilic leukaemia cell line RBL SX-38 stably transfected with human tetrameric (αβγ2) FcɛRI, and induction of CD63 on blood basophils from patients with ovarian carcinoma and healthy controls ex vivo. RESULTS Serum FRα levels were increased in ovarian cancer patients compared with healthy controls. MOv18 IgE alone, or in the presence of its antigen recombinant human FRα, or of healthy volunteer (n=14) or ovarian carcinoma patient (n=32) sera, did not induce RBL SX-38 cell degranulation. Exposure to FRα-expressing ovarian tumour cells at target-to-effector ratios expected within tumours induced degranulation. MOv18 IgE did not induce expression of CD63 in blood basophils from either healthy volunteers (n=6), or cancer patients, despite detectable levels of circulating FRα (n=5). CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE These encouraging data are compatible with the hypothesis that, when ovarian carcinoma patients are treated with MOv18, FcɛRI-mediated activation of effector cells occurs within the tumour mass but not in the circulation mandating, with due caution, further pre-clinical studies.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived/adverse effects
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived/genetics
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived/immunology
- Antibody Specificity
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Basophils/immunology
- Carcinoma/immunology
- Carcinoma/therapy
- Cell Degranulation
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Female
- Folate Receptor 1/blood
- Folate Receptor 1/immunology
- Folate Receptor 1/metabolism
- Humans
- Hypersensitivity, Immediate/etiology
- Hypersensitivity, Immediate/immunology
- Immunoglobulin E/genetics
- Immunoglobulin E/immunology
- Ovarian Neoplasms/immunology
- Ovarian Neoplasms/therapy
- Protein Engineering
- Rats
- Receptors, IgE/immunology
- Tetraspanin 30/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Rudman
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas's Hospitals and King's College London, Cutaneous Medicine & Immunotherapy Unit, St John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, King's College London School of Medicine, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, UK
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29
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Carr JL, Sejberg JJP, Saab F, Holdom MD, Davies AM, White AJP, Leatherbarrow RJ, Beavil AJ, Sutton BJ, Lindell SD, Spivey AC. Synthesis of the C19 methyl ether of aspercyclide A via germyl-Stille macrocyclisation and ELISA evaluation of both enantiomers following optical resolution. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:6814-24. [PMID: 21845261 DOI: 10.1039/c1ob05862b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aspercyclide A (1) is a biaryl ether containing 11-membered macrocyclic natural product antagonist of the human IgE-FcεRI protein-protein interaction (PPI); a key interaction in the signal transduction pathway for allergic disorders such as asthma. Herein we report a novel approach to the synthesis of the C19 methyl ether of aspercyclide A, employing a Pd(0)-catalysed, fluorous-tagged alkenylgermane/arylbromide macrocyclisation (germyl-Stille reaction) as the key step, and evaluation of both enantiomers of this compound via ELISA following optical resolution by CSP-HPLC. A crystal structure for germyl hydride 27 is also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Carr
- Department of Chemistry, South Kensington campus, Imperial College, London, UK SW7 2AZ
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30
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Holdom MD, Davies AM, Nettleship JE, Bagby SC, Dhaliwal B, Girardi E, Hunt J, Gould HJ, Beavil AJ, McDonnell JM, Owens RJ, Sutton BJ. Conformational changes in IgE contribute to its uniquely slow dissociation rate from receptor FcɛRI. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2011; 18:571-6. [PMID: 21516097 PMCID: PMC3357048 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.2044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2011] [Accepted: 02/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Among antibody classes, IgE has a uniquely slow dissociation rate from, and high affinity for, its cell surface receptor FcɛRI. We show the structural basis for these key determinants of the ability of IgE to mediate allergic hypersensitivity through the 3.4-Å-resolution crystal structure of human IgE-Fc (consisting of the Cɛ2, Cɛ3 and Cɛ4 domains) bound to the extracellular domains of the FcɛRI α chain. Comparison with the structure of free IgE-Fc (reported here at a resolution of 1.9 Å) shows that the antibody, which has a compact, bent structure before receptor engagement, becomes even more acutely bent in the complex. Thermodynamic analysis indicates that the interaction is entropically driven, which explains how the noncontacting Cɛ2 domains, in place of the flexible hinge region of IgG antibodies, contribute together with the conformational changes to the unique binding properties of IgE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary D Holdom
- King's College London, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, London, UK
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31
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Gilbert AE, Karagiannis P, Dodev T, Koers A, Lacy K, Josephs DH, Takhar P, Geh JLC, Healy C, Harries M, Acland KM, Rudman SM, Beavil RL, Blower PJ, Beavil AJ, Gould HJ, Spicer J, Nestle FO, Karagiannis SN. Monitoring the systemic human memory B cell compartment of melanoma patients for anti-tumor IgG antibodies. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19330. [PMID: 21559411 PMCID: PMC3084832 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2011] [Accepted: 03/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma, a potentially lethal skin cancer, is widely thought to be immunogenic
in nature. While there has been much focus on T cell-mediated immune responses,
limited knowledge exists on the role of mature B cells. We describe an approach,
including a cell-based ELISA, to evaluate mature IgG antibody responses to
melanoma from human peripheral blood B cells. We observed a significant increase
in antibody responses from melanoma patients (n = 10) to
primary and metastatic melanoma cells compared to healthy volunteers
(n = 10) (P<0.0001). Interestingly, we
detected a significant reduction in antibody responses to melanoma with
advancing disease stage in our patient cohort (n = 21)
(P<0.0001). Overall, 28% of
melanoma patient-derived B cell cultures (n = 1,800)
compared to 2% of cultures from healthy controls
(n = 600) produced antibodies that recognized melanoma
cells. Lastly, a patient-derived melanoma-specific monoclonal antibody was
selected for further study. This antibody effectively killed melanoma cells
in vitro via antibody-mediated cellular cytotoxicity. These
data demonstrate the presence of a mature systemic B cell response in melanoma
patients, which is reduced with disease progression, adding to previous reports
of tumor-reactive antibodies in patient sera, and suggesting the merit of future
work to elucidate the clinical relevance of activating humoral immune responses
to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E. Gilbert
- Cutaneous Medicine and Immunotherapy Unit, Division of Genetics and
Molecular Medicine, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy’s and St.
Thomas’s Hospitals and King’s College London, King’s College
London School of Medicine, St. John’s Institute of Dermatology,
Guy’s Hospital, King’s College London, London, United
Kingdom
| | - Panagiotis Karagiannis
- Cutaneous Medicine and Immunotherapy Unit, Division of Genetics and
Molecular Medicine, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy’s and St.
Thomas’s Hospitals and King’s College London, King’s College
London School of Medicine, St. John’s Institute of Dermatology,
Guy’s Hospital, King’s College London, London, United
Kingdom
| | - Tihomir Dodev
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics and Division of Asthma,
Allergy and Lung Biology, MRC and Asthma UK Centre for Allergic Mechanisms of
Asthma, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Koers
- Division of Imaging Sciences, King’s College London School of
Medicine, Rayne Institute, St. Thomas's Hospital, King’s College
London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katie Lacy
- Cutaneous Medicine and Immunotherapy Unit, Division of Genetics and
Molecular Medicine, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy’s and St.
Thomas’s Hospitals and King’s College London, King’s College
London School of Medicine, St. John’s Institute of Dermatology,
Guy’s Hospital, King’s College London, London, United
Kingdom
| | - Debra H. Josephs
- Cutaneous Medicine and Immunotherapy Unit, Division of Genetics and
Molecular Medicine, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy’s and St.
Thomas’s Hospitals and King’s College London, King’s College
London School of Medicine, St. John’s Institute of Dermatology,
Guy’s Hospital, King’s College London, London, United
Kingdom
| | - Pooja Takhar
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics and Division of Asthma,
Allergy and Lung Biology, MRC and Asthma UK Centre for Allergic Mechanisms of
Asthma, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny L. C. Geh
- Skin Tumour Unit, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Trust, St.
John’s Institute of Dermatology, Guy’s Hospital, London, United
Kingdom
| | - Ciaran Healy
- Skin Tumour Unit, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Trust, St.
John’s Institute of Dermatology, Guy’s Hospital, London, United
Kingdom
| | - Mark Harries
- Clinical Oncology, Guy’s and St. Thomas’s NHS Foundation
Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katharine M. Acland
- Skin Tumour Unit, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Trust, St.
John’s Institute of Dermatology, Guy’s Hospital, London, United
Kingdom
| | - Sarah M. Rudman
- Division of Cancer Studies, Department of Academic Oncology, King’s
College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca L. Beavil
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics and Division of Asthma,
Allergy and Lung Biology, MRC and Asthma UK Centre for Allergic Mechanisms of
Asthma, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Philip J. Blower
- Division of Imaging Sciences, King’s College London School of
Medicine, Rayne Institute, St. Thomas's Hospital, King’s College
London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Beavil
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics and Division of Asthma,
Allergy and Lung Biology, MRC and Asthma UK Centre for Allergic Mechanisms of
Asthma, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah J. Gould
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics and Division of Asthma,
Allergy and Lung Biology, MRC and Asthma UK Centre for Allergic Mechanisms of
Asthma, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James Spicer
- Division of Cancer Studies, Department of Academic Oncology, King’s
College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Frank O. Nestle
- Cutaneous Medicine and Immunotherapy Unit, Division of Genetics and
Molecular Medicine, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy’s and St.
Thomas’s Hospitals and King’s College London, King’s College
London School of Medicine, St. John’s Institute of Dermatology,
Guy’s Hospital, King’s College London, London, United
Kingdom
- * E-mail: (SNK); (FON)
| | - Sophia N. Karagiannis
- Cutaneous Medicine and Immunotherapy Unit, Division of Genetics and
Molecular Medicine, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy’s and St.
Thomas’s Hospitals and King’s College London, King’s College
London School of Medicine, St. John’s Institute of Dermatology,
Guy’s Hospital, King’s College London, London, United
Kingdom
- * E-mail: (SNK); (FON)
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32
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Carr JL, Offermann DA, Holdom MD, Dusart P, White AJP, Beavil AJ, Leatherbarrow RJ, Lindell SD, Sutton BJ, Spivey AC. Total synthesis of (±)-aspercyclide A and its C19 methyl ether. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:1824-6. [DOI: 10.1039/b923528k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The total syntheses of (±)-aspercyclide A (1) and its C19 methyl ether derivative (15a) are described. ELISA studies show that both compounds display comparable antagonist activity against the IgE–FcεRI protein–protein interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L. Carr
- Department of Chemistry
- South Kensington campus
- London
- UK
| | | | - Mary D. Holdom
- King's College London
- The Randall Division of Cell & Molecular Biophysics
- London
- UK
| | - Philip Dusart
- King's College London
- The Randall Division of Cell & Molecular Biophysics
- London
- UK
| | | | - Andrew J. Beavil
- King's College London
- The Randall Division of Cell & Molecular Biophysics
- London
- UK
| | | | | | - Brian J. Sutton
- King's College London
- The Randall Division of Cell & Molecular Biophysics
- London
- UK
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33
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Karagiannis P, Singer J, Hunt J, Gan SKE, Rudman SM, Mechtcheriakova D, Knittelfelder R, Daniels TR, Hobson PS, Beavil AJ, Spicer J, Nestle FO, Penichet ML, Gould HJ, Jensen-Jarolim E, Karagiannis SN. Characterisation of an engineered trastuzumab IgE antibody and effector cell mechanisms targeting HER2/neu-positive tumour cells. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2009; 58:915-30. [PMID: 18941743 PMCID: PMC3017872 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-008-0607-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2008] [Accepted: 09/26/2008] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Trastuzumab (Herceptin), a humanized IgG1 antibody raised against the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/neu), is the main antibody in clinical use against breast cancer. Pre-clinical evidence and clinical studies indicate that trastuzumab employs several anti-tumour mechanisms that most likely contribute to enhanced survival of patients with HER2/neu-positive breast carcinomas. New strategies are aimed at improving antibody-based therapeutics like trastuzumab, e.g. by enhancing antibody-mediated effector function mechanisms. Based on our previous findings that a chimaeric ovarian tumour antigen-specific IgE antibody showed greater efficacy in tumour cell killing, compared to the corresponding IgG1 antibody, we have produced an IgE homologue of trastuzumab. Trastuzumab IgE was engineered with the same light- and heavy-chain variable-regions as trastuzumab, but with an epsilon in place of the gamma-1 heavy-chain constant region. We describe the physical characterisation and ligand binding properties of the trastuzumab IgE and elucidate its potential anti-tumour activities in functional assays. Both trastuzumab and trastuzumab IgE can activate monocytic cells to kill tumour cells, but they operate by different mechanisms: trastuzumab functions in antibody-dependent cell-mediated phagocytosis (ADCP), whereas trastuzumab IgE functions in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). Trastuzumab IgE, incubated with mast cells and HER2/neu-expressing tumour cells, triggers mast cell degranulation, recruiting against cancer cells a potent immune response, characteristic of allergic reactions. Finally, in viability assays both antibodies mediate comparable levels of tumour cell growth arrest. These functional characteristics of trastuzumab IgE, some distinct from those of trastuzumab, indicate its potential to complement or improve upon the existing clinical benefits of trastuzumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Karagiannis
- Cutaneous Medicine and Immunotherapy Unit, St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London School of Medicine, Guy's Tower, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
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34
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Hunt J, Bracher MG, Shi J, Fleury S, Dombrowicz D, Gould HJ, Sutton BJ, Beavil AJ. Attenuation of IgE affinity for FcepsilonRI radically reduces the allergic response in vitro and in vivo. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:29882-7. [PMID: 18703499 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m804742200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The high affinity of IgE for its receptor, FcepsilonRI (K(a) approximately 10(10) M(-1)), is responsible for the persistence of mast cell sensitization. Cross-linking of FcepsilonRI-bound IgE by multivalent allergen leads to cellular activation and release of pro-inflammatory mediators responsible for the symptoms of allergic disease. We previously demonstrated that limiting the IgE-FcepsilonRI interaction to just one of the two Cepsilon3 domains in IgE-Fc, which together constitute the high affinity binding site, results in 1000-fold reduced affinity. Such attenuation, effected by a small molecule binding to part of the IgE:FcepsilonRI interface or a distant allosteric site, rather than complete blocking of the interaction, may represent a viable approach to the treatment of allergic disease. However, the degree to which the interaction would need to be disrupted is unclear, because the importance of high affinity for immediate hypersensitivity has never been investigated. We have incorporated into human IgE a mutation, R334S, previously characterized in IgE-Fc, which reduces its affinity for FcepsilonRI approximately 50-fold. We have compared the ability of wild type and R334S IgE to stimulate allergen-induced mast cell activation in vitro and in vivo. We confirmed the expected difference in affinity between wild type and mutant IgE for FcepsilonRI (approximately 50-fold) and found that, in vitro, mast cell degranulation was reduced proportionately. The effect in vivo was also marked, with a 75% reduction in the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis response. We have therefore demonstrated that the high affinity of IgE for FcepsilonRI is critical to the allergic response, and that even moderate attenuation of this affinity has a substantial effect in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Hunt
- King's College London, Medical Research Council, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
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35
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Karagiannis SN, Bracher MG, Beavil RL, Beavil AJ, Hunt J, McCloskey N, Thompson RG, East N, Burke F, Sutton BJ, Dombrowicz D, Balkwill FR, Gould HJ. Role of IgE receptors in IgE antibody-dependent cytotoxicity and phagocytosis of ovarian tumor cells by human monocytic cells. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2008; 57:247-63. [PMID: 17657488 PMCID: PMC11030264 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-007-0371-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2007] [Accepted: 07/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies directed against tumor-associated antigens are emerging as effective treatments for a number of cancers, although the mechanism(s) of action for some are unclear and still under investigation. We have previously examined a chimeric IgE antibody (MOv18 IgE), against the ovarian tumor-specific antigen, folate binding protein (FBP), and showed that it can direct human PBMC to kill ovarian cancer cells. We have developed a three-color flow cytometric assay to investigate the mechanism by which IgE receptors on U937 monocytes target and kill ovarian tumor cells. U937 monocytes express three IgE receptors, the high-affinity receptor, FcepsilonRI, the low-affinity receptor, CD23, and galectin-3, and mediate tumor cell killing in vitro by two mechanisms, cytotoxicity, and phagocytosis. Our results suggest that CD23 mediates phagocytosis, which is enhanced by upregulation of CD23 on U937 cells with IL-4, whereas FcepsilonRI mediates cytotoxicity. We show that effector : tumor cell bridging is associated with both activities. Galectin-3 does not appear to be involved in tumor cell killing. U937 cells and IgE exerted ovarian tumor cell killing in vivo in our xenograft model in nude mice. Harnessing IgE receptors to target tumor cells suggests the potential of tumor-specific IgE antibodies to activate effector cells in immunotherapy of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia N Karagiannis
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Room 3.8, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, St Thomas's Street, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
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36
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Karagiannis SN, Bracher MG, Hunt J, McCloskey N, Beavil RL, Beavil AJ, Fear DJ, Thompson RG, East N, Burke F, Moore RJ, Dombrowicz DD, Balkwill FR, Gould HJ. IgE-antibody-dependent immunotherapy of solid tumors: cytotoxic and phagocytic mechanisms of eradication of ovarian cancer cells. J Immunol 2007; 179:2832-43. [PMID: 17709497 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.5.2832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Abs have a paramount place in the treatment of certain, mainly lymphoid, malignancies, although tumors of nonhemopoietic origin have proved more refractory ones. We have previously shown that the efficacy of immunotherapy of solid tumors, in particular ovarian carcinoma, may be improved by the use of IgE Abs in place of the conventional IgG. An IgE Ab (MOv18 IgE) against an ovarian-tumor-specific Ag (folate binding protein), in combination with human PBMC, introduced into ovarian cancer xenograft-bearing mice, greatly exceeded the analogous IgG1 in promoting survival. In this study, we analyzed the mechanisms by which MOv18 IgE may exert its antitumor activities. Monocytes were essential IgE receptor-expressing effector cells that mediated the enhanced survival of tumor-bearing mice by MOv18 IgE and human PBMC. Monocytes mediated MOv18 IgE-dependent ovarian tumor cell killing in vitro by two distinct pathways, cytotoxicity and phagocytosis, acting respectively through the IgE receptors FcepsilonRI and CD23. We also show that human eosinophils were potent effector cells in MOv18 IgE Ab-dependent ovarian tumor cell cytotoxicity in vitro. These results demonstrate that IgE Abs can engage cell surface IgE receptors and activate effector cells against ovarian tumor cells. Our findings offer a framework for an improved immunotherapeutic strategy for combating solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia N Karagiannis
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, United Kingdom.
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37
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Prag S, Parsons M, Keppler MD, Ameer-Beg SM, Barber P, Hunt J, Beavil AJ, Calvert R, Arpin M, Vojnovic B, Ng T. Activated ezrin promotes cell migration through recruitment of the GEF Dbl to lipid rafts and preferential downstream activation of Cdc42. Mol Biol Cell 2007; 18:2935-48. [PMID: 17538024 PMCID: PMC1949366 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e06-11-1031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Establishment of polarized cell morphology is a critical factor for migration and requires precise spatial and temporal activation of the Rho GTPases. Here, we describe a novel role of the actin-binding ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM)-protein ezrin to be involved in recruiting Cdc42, but not Rac1, to lipid raft microdomains, as well as the subsequent activation of this Rho GTPase and the downstream effector p21-activated kinase (PAK)1, as shown by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy. The establishment of a leading plasma membrane and the polarized morphology necessary for random migration are also dependent on ERM function and Cdc42 in motile breast carcinoma cells. Mechanistically, we show that the recruitment of the ERM-interacting Rho/Cdc42-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor Dbl to the plasma membrane and to lipid raft microdomains requires the phosphorylated, active conformer of ezrin, which serves to tether the plasma membrane or its subdomains to the cytoskeleton. Together these data suggest a mechanism whereby precise spatial guanine nucleotide exchange of Cdc42 by Dbl is dependent on functional ERM proteins and is important for directional cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soren Prag
- *Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, and
| | - Maddy Parsons
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, and
| | - Melanie D. Keppler
- *Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, and
| | - Simon M. Ameer-Beg
- *Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, and
| | - Paul Barber
- Gray Cancer Institute, Oxford University, Mount Vernon Hospital, Northwood, Middlesex, HA6 2JR, United Kingdom; and
| | - James Hunt
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, and
- Division of Asthma, Allergy, and Lung Biology, King's College London, Guy's Medical School Campus, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Beavil
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, and
- Division of Asthma, Allergy, and Lung Biology, King's College London, Guy's Medical School Campus, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Rosy Calvert
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, and
- Division of Asthma, Allergy, and Lung Biology, King's College London, Guy's Medical School Campus, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Monique Arpin
- Laboratoire de Morphogenese et Signalisation Cellulaires, Institut Curie, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Borivoj Vojnovic
- Gray Cancer Institute, Oxford University, Mount Vernon Hospital, Northwood, Middlesex, HA6 2JR, United Kingdom; and
| | - Tony Ng
- *Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, and
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Hunt J, Beavil RL, Calvert RA, Gould HJ, Sutton BJ, Beavil AJ. Disulfide linkage controls the affinity and stoichiometry of IgE Fcepsilon3-4 binding to FcepsilonRI. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:16808-14. [PMID: 15743766 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m500965200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
IgE antibodies cause long-term sensitization of tissue mast cells and blood basophils toward allergen-induced cross-linking and triggering of allergic inflammation. This persistence of IgE binding is due to its uniquely high affinity for the receptor FcepsilonRI and in particular its slow rate of dissociation once bound. The binding interface consists of two subsites, one contributed by each Cepsilon3 domain of IgE Fc in a 1:1 complex. We have investigated the contributions of Cepsilon3 disulfide linkage and glycosylation to the kinetics and affinity of binding of an Fc subfragment (Fcepsilon3-4) to a soluble receptor fragment (sFcepsilonRIalpha). In contrast to IgG Fc where deglycosylation abrogates receptor binding activity, the removal of the N-linked carbohydrate at Asn-394 in Fcepsilon3-4 only reduces binding affinity by a factor of 4, principally because of a faster off-rate. Removal of the inter-heavy chain disulfide bond unexpectedly resulted in a fragment with a much faster off-rate and the potential to form a complex with a 2:1 stoichiometry (sFcepsilonRIalpha:Fcepsilon3-4). This permitted the determination of the affinity of a single, natively folded Cepsilon3 domain for the first time. The low affinity Ka approximately 10(5)-10(6) m-1, similar to that determined previously for an isolated and partially folded Cepsilon3 domain, demonstrates that substantial reduction in affinity can be achieved by preventing the engagement of one of the two Cepsilon3 domains. Recent structural data indicate that conformational change in IgE is required to allow both Cepsilon3 domains to bind, and thus an allosteric inhibitor that prevents access to the second Cepsilon3 has the potential to reduce the ability of IgE to sensitize allergic effector cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Hunt
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics and the Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
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39
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Abstract
Allergic individuals exposed to minute quantities of allergen experience an immediate response. Immediate hypersensitivity reflects the permanent sensitization of mucosal mast cells by allergen-specific IgE antibodies bound to their high-affinity receptors (FcepsilonRI). A combination of factors contributes to such long-lasting sensitization of the mast cells. They include the homing of mast cells to mucosal tissues, the local synthesis of IgE, the induction of FcepsilonRI expression on mast cells by IgE, the consequent downregulation of FcgammaR (through an insufficiency of the common gamma-chains), and the exceptionally slow dissociation of IgE from FcepsilonRI. To understand the mechanism of the immediate hypersensitivity phenomenon, we need explanations of why IgE antibodies are synthesized in preference to IgG in mucosal tissues and why the IgE is so tenaciously retained on mast cell-surface receptors. There is now compelling evidence that the microenvironment of mucosal tissues of allergic disease favors class switching to IgE; and the exceptionally high affinity of IgE for FcepsilonRI can now be interpreted in terms of the recently determined crystal structures of IgE-FcepsilonRI and IgG-FcgammaR complexes. The rate of local IgE synthesis can easily compensate for the rate of the antibody dissociation from its receptors on mucosal mast cells. Effective mechanisms ensure that allergic reactions are confined to mucosal tissues, thereby minimizing the risk of systemic anaphylaxis.
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MESH Headings
- Allergens
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antigen-Presenting Cells/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Blood Platelets/immunology
- Crystallography, X-Ray
- Disease Models, Animal
- Eosinophils/immunology
- Humans
- Hypersensitivity/etiology
- Hypersensitivity/immunology
- Immunoglobulin Class Switching
- Immunoglobulin E/chemistry
- Immunoglobulin E/genetics
- Immunoglobulin E/metabolism
- Models, Molecular
- Monocytes/immunology
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular
- Receptors, IgE/chemistry
- Receptors, IgE/genetics
- Receptors, IgE/metabolism
- Receptors, IgG/chemistry
- Receptors, IgG/metabolism
- Schistosomiasis/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah J Gould
- The Randall Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom.
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40
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Wan T, Beavil RL, Fabiane SM, Beavil AJ, Sohi MK, Keown M, Young RJ, Henry AJ, Owens RJ, Gould HJ, Sutton BJ. The crystal structure of IgE Fc reveals an asymmetrically bent conformation. Nat Immunol 2002; 3:681-6. [PMID: 12068291 DOI: 10.1038/ni811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The distinguishing structural feature of immunoglobulin E (IgE), the antibody responsible for allergic hypersensitivity, is the C epsilon 2 domain pair that replaces the hinge region of IgG. The crystal structure of the IgE Fc (constant fragment) at a 2.6-A resolution has revealed these domains. They display a distinctive, disulfide-linked Ig domain interface and are folded back asymmetrically onto the C epsilon 3 and C epsilon 4 domains, which causes an acute bend in the IgE molecule. The structure implies that a substantial conformational change involving C epsilon 2 must accompany binding to the mast cell receptor Fc epsilon RI. This may be the basis of the exceptionally slow dissociation rate of the IgE-Fc epsilon RI complex and, thus, of the ability of IgE to cause persistent allergic sensitization of mast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommy Wan
- The Randall Centre, King's College London, New Hunt's House, London SE1 1UL, UK
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41
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Mackay GA, Hulett MD, Cook JPD, Trist HM, Henry AJ, McDonnell JM, Beavil AJ, Beavil RL, Sutton BJ, Hogarth PM, Gould HJ. Mutagenesis within human FcepsilonRIalpha differentially affects human and murine IgE binding. J Immunol 2002; 168:1787-95. [PMID: 11823511 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.168.4.1787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Soluble fragments of the alpha-chain of FcepsilonRI, the high-affinity receptor for IgE, compete with membrane-bound receptors for IgE and may thus provide a means to combat allergic responses. Mutagenesis within FcepsilonRIalpha is used in this study, in conjunction with the crystal structure of the FcepsilonRIalpha/IgE complex, to define the relative importance of specific residues within human FcepsilonRIalpha for IgE binding. We have also compared the effects of these mutants on binding to both human and mouse IgE, with a view to evaluating the mouse as an appropriate model for the analysis of future agents designed to mimic the human FcepsilonRIalpha and attenuate allergic disease. Three residues within the C-C' region of the FcepsilonRIalpha2 domain and two residues within the alpha2 proximal loops of the alpha1 domain were selected for mutagenesis and tested in binding assays with human and mouse IgE. All three alpha2 mutations (K117D, W130A, and Y131A) reduced the affinity of human IgE binding to different extents, but K117D had a far more pronounced effect on mouse IgE binding, and although Y131A had little effect, W130A modestly enhanced binding to mouse IgE. The mutations in alpha1 (R15A and F17A) diminished binding to both human and mouse IgE, with these effects most likely caused by disruption of the alpha1/alpha2 interface. Our results demonstrate that the effects of mutations in human FcepsilonRIalpha on mouse IgE binding, and hence the inhibitory properties of human receptor-based peptides assayed in rodent models of allergy, may not necessarily reflect their activity in a human IgE-based system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham A Mackay
- Randall Centre, New Hunt's House, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, United Kingdom
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42
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McDonnell JM, Calvert R, Beavil RL, Beavil AJ, Henry AJ, Sutton BJ, Gould HJ, Cowburn D. The structure of the IgE Cepsilon2 domain and its role in stabilizing the complex with its high-affinity receptor FcepsilonRIalpha. Nat Struct Biol 2001; 8:437-41. [PMID: 11323720 DOI: 10.1038/87603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The stability of the complex between IgE and its high-affinity receptor, FcepsilonRI, on mast cells is a critical factor in the allergic response. The long half-life of the complex of IgE bound to this receptor in situ ( approximately 2 weeks, compared with only hours for the comparable IgG complex) contributes to the permanent sensitization of these cells and, hence, to the immediate response to allergens. Here we show that the second constant domain of IgE, Cepsilon2, which takes the place of the flexible hinge in IgG, contributes to this long half-life. When the Cepsilon2 domain is deleted from the IgE Fc fragment, leaving only the Cepsilon3 and Cepsilon4 domains (Cepsilon3-4 fragment), the rate of dissociation from the receptor is increased by greater than 1 order of magnitude. We report the structure of the Cepsilon2 domain by heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy and show by chemical shift perturbation that it interacts with FcepsilonRIalpha. By sedimentation equilibrium we show that the Cepsilon2 domain binds to the Cepsilon3-4 fragment of IgE. These interactions of Cepsilon2 with both FcepsilonRIalpha and Cepsilon3-4 provide a structural explanation for the exceptionally slow dissociation of the IgE-FcepsilonRIalpha complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M McDonnell
- The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10021-6399, USA
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43
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Shimizu TS, Le Novère N, Levin MD, Beavil AJ, Sutton BJ, Bray D. Molecular model of a lattice of signalling proteins involved in bacterial chemotaxis. Nat Cell Biol 2000; 2:792-6. [PMID: 11056533 DOI: 10.1038/35041030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Coliform bacteria detect chemical attractants by means of a membrane-associated cluster of receptors and signalling molecules. We have used recently determined molecular structures, in conjunction with plastic models generated by three-dimensional printer technology, to predict how the proteins of the complex are arranged in relation to the plasma membrane. The proposed structure is a regular two-dimensional lattice in which the cytoplasmic ends of chemotactic-receptor dimers are inserted into a hexagonal array of CheA and CheW molecules. This structure creates separate compartments for adaptation and downstream signalling, and indicates a possible basis for the spread of activity within the cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Shimizu
- [1] Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
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44
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Kirby I, Davison E, Beavil AJ, Soh CP, Wickham TJ, Roelvink PW, Kovesdi I, Sutton BJ, Santis G. Identification of contact residues and definition of the CAR-binding site of adenovirus type 5 fiber protein. J Virol 2000; 74:2804-13. [PMID: 10684297 PMCID: PMC111771 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.74.6.2804-2813.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/1999] [Accepted: 12/13/1999] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The binding of adenovirus (Ad) fiber knob to its cellular receptor, the coxsackievirus and Ad receptor (CAR), promotes virus attachment to cells and is a major determinant of Ad tropism. Analysis of the kinetics of binding of Ad type 5 (Ad5) fiber knob to the soluble extracellular domains of CAR together (sCAR) and each immunoglobulin (Ig) domain (IgV and IgC2) independently by surface plasmon resonance demonstrated that the IgV domain is necessary and sufficient for binding, and no additional membrane components are required to confer high-affinity binding to Ad5 fiber knob. Four Ad5 fiber knob mutations, Ser408Glu and Pro409Lys in the AB loop, Tyr477Ala in the DG loop, and Leu485Lys in beta strand F, effectively abolished high-affinity binding to CAR, while Ala406Lys and Arg412Asp in the AB loop and Arg481Glu in beta strand E significantly reduced the level of binding. Circular dichroism spectroscopy showed that these mutations do not disorder the secondary structure of the protein, implicating Ser408, Pro409, Tyr477, and Leu485 as contact residues, with Ala406, Arg412, and Arg481 being peripherally or indirectly involved in CAR binding. The critical residues have exposed side chains that form a patch on the surface, which thus defines the high-affinity interface for CAR. Additional site-directed mutagenesis of Ad5 fiber knob suggests that the binding site does not extend to the adjacent subunit or toward the edge of the R sheet. These findings have implications for our understanding of the biology of Ad infection, the development of novel Ad vectors for targeted gene therapy, and the construction of peptide inhibitors of Ad infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Kirby
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, The Guy's, King's College, and St. Thomas' Hospitals School of Medicine, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
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45
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Abstract
Immunoglobulin E plays a central role in allergic disease and, as our understanding of the network of interactions between IgE and its receptors improves, new opportunities for therapeutic intervention emerge. IgE binding to its 'high-affinity' receptor, Fc epsilon RI, first identified on mast cells and now known to be expressed on a variety of other cell types, is the best characterised interaction, and has attracted most attention. The 'low affinity' receptor, Fc epsilon RII/CD23, first found on B-cells, appears to be part of a more complex network that has yet to be fully elucidated. Two recent advances concerning the IgE-Fc epsilon RI interaction are noteworthy. The first is the development of a monoclonal anti-IgE antibody, now in advanced clinical trials, which inhibits this interaction and certainly proves the viability of this approach. The second is the publication of the crystal structure of the complex between IgE and Fc epsilon RI, which opens the way for the first structure-based design of small molecule inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Sutton
- Randall Centre for Molecular Mechanisms of Cell Function, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Hospital Campus, London Bridge, London SE1 1UL, UK
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46
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Kirby I, Davison E, Beavil AJ, Soh CP, Wickham TJ, Roelvink PW, Kovesdi I, Sutton BJ, Santis G. Mutations in the DG loop of adenovirus type 5 fiber knob protein abolish high-affinity binding to its cellular receptor CAR. J Virol 1999; 73:9508-14. [PMID: 10516059 PMCID: PMC112985 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.73.11.9508-9514.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/1999] [Accepted: 07/09/1999] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The amino acid residues in adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) fiber that interact with its cellular receptor, the coxsackie B virus and Ad receptor (CAR), have not been defined. To investigate this, multiple mutations were constructed in the region between residues 479 and 497 in Ad5 fiber (beta-strands E and F and the adjacent region of the DG loop). The effects of these mutations on binding to CAR were determined by use of cell-binding competition experiments, surface plasmon resonance, and direct binding studies. The mutation effects on the overall folding and secondary structure of the protein were assessed by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. Deletions of two consecutive amino acids between residues 485 and 493 abolished high-affinity binding to CAR; the CD spectra indicated that although there was no disruption of the overall folding and secondary structure of the protein, local conformational changes did occur. Moreover, single site mutations in this region of residues with exposed, surface-accessible side chains, such as Thr492, Asn493, and Val495, had no effect on receptor binding, which demonstrates that these residues are not in contact with CAR themselves. This implies the involvement of residues in neighboring loop regions. Replacement of the segment containing the two very short beta-strands E and F and the turn between them (residues 479 to 486) with the corresponding sequence from Ad3 (betaEFAd3-->5 mutation) resulted in the loss of receptor binding. The identical CD spectra for betaEFAd3-->5 and wild-type proteins suggest that these substitutions caused no conformational rearrangement and that the loss of binding may thus be due to the substitution of one or more critical contact residues. These findings have implications for our understanding of the interaction of Ad5 fiber with CAR and for the construction of targeted recombinant Ad5 vectors for gene therapy purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Kirby
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Guy's, King's College, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
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47
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McDonnell JM, Beavil AJ, Mackay GA, Henry AJ, Cook JP, Gould HJ, Sutton BJ. Structure-based design of peptides that inhibit IgE binding to its high-affinity receptor Fc epsilon RI. Biochem Soc Trans 1997; 25:387-92. [PMID: 9191123 DOI: 10.1042/bst0250387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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48
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Shi J, Ghirlando R, Beavil RL, Beavil AJ, Keown MB, Young RJ, Owens RJ, Sutton BJ, Gould HJ. Interaction of the low-affinity receptor CD23/Fc epsilonRII lectin domain with the Fc epsilon3-4 fragment of human immunoglobulin E. Biochemistry 1997; 36:2112-22. [PMID: 9047310 DOI: 10.1021/bi961231e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
CD23/Fc epsilonRII, the low-affinity receptor for IgE, is a multifunctional protein of importance in blood cell development and the immune system. We have studied the interaction of CD23 with IgE in solution using hydrodynamic methods applied to recombinant fragments of both ligands: sCD23, corresponding to the soluble lectin domain of CD23, and Fc epsilon3-4, a dimer of the C epsilon3-C epsilon4 sequence of IgE. The hydrodynamic, spectroscopic, and biological properties of these fragments suggest that they have a fully native structure. Sedimentation equilibrium studies on mixtures of sCD23 and Fc epsilon3-4 indicate that IgE has two binding sites for CD23, each characterized by affinities of approximately 10(5) M(-1). Analysis of the sedimentation as a function of temperature allows conclusions to be drawn about the thermodynamics of binding at the two sites. Binding at the first site is characterized by large changes in enthalpy (delta H(degree)To = -2.1 +/- 3.3 kcal mol(-1)) and heat capacity (delta Cp(degree) = -320 +/- 320 cal mol(-1) K(-1)), whereas binding at the second site is characterized by small changes in enthalpy (delta H(degree)To = 0.1 +/- 5.6 kcal mol(-1)) and heat capacity (delta Cp(degree) = -140 +/- 550 cal mol(-1) K(-1)). In native CD23, there are two or three lectin domains, associated through an alpha-helical coiled-coil stalk. The predicted structure of the CD23 oligomers and symmetry considerations rule out the possibility of two lectin domains from one oligomer binding to identical sites in IgE. The notion of two types of interaction in the 2:1 complex between CD23 and IgE is consistent with the thermodynamic data presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Shi
- The Randall Institute, King's College London, United Kingdom
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49
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Beavil AJ, Beavil RL. Automated hydrodynamic modelling of a complex between a human IgE fragment (Fc epsilon 3-4) and the IgE high affinity receptor Fc epsilon RI alpha-chain. Eur Biophys J 1997; 25:463-9. [PMID: 9188169 DOI: 10.1007/s002490050061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The binding of IgE to its high affinity receptor Fc epsilon RI plays an important role in the allergic response. The interaction between soluble Fc epsilon RI alpha-chain (sFc epsilon RI alpha) and Fc epsilon 3-4, a fragment of IgE consisting of the C epsilon 3 and C epsilon 4 heavy chain constant domains, has been studied using analytical ultracentrifugation (Keown et al. this volume). Here we describe the development of a simple automated hydrodynamic modelling technique and its application to this interaction. This procedure utilises sphere models of the two molecules and performs an automated systematic translational search of sFc epsilon RI alpha relative to Fc epsilon 3-4. The result of this is the generation of 40,359 individual models of how the receptor can be placed relative to Fc epsilon 3-4. These are then assessed for consistency by comparing the sedimentation coefficients generated for the models to the experimentally determined sedimentation coefficients, and are displayed graphically to show allowed and disallowed complexes. From this analysis, it is clear that the complex between sFc epsilon RI alpha and Fc epsilon 3-4 is compact, with the most elongated models being excluded. In addition, sFc epsilon RI alpha appears not to interact with the C-terminal end of Fc epsilon 3-4, and probably binds either to the sides or face, observations which are consistent with other experimental data on the Fc epsilon RI alpha/IgE interaction. Automated hydrodynamic modelling also has the potential to be used for other interactions, providing a simple way of looking at a large number of models, and making rigorous studies of interacting components more feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Beavil
- Randall Institute, King's College London, United Kingdom
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McDonnell JM, Beavil AJ, Mackay GA, Jameson BA, Korngold R, Gould HJ, Sutton BJ. Structure based design and characterization of peptides that inhibit IgE binding to its high-affinity receptor. Nat Struct Biol 1996; 3:419-26. [PMID: 8612071 DOI: 10.1038/nsb0596-419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We have designed synthetic peptide inhibitors of the interaction between IgE and its high affinity receptor, Fc epsilon RI. The structure of the second domain of CD2 was used as a modelling template for the second alpha-chain domain of Fc epsilon RI, the C-C' loop of which has been implicated in the interaction with IgE. An L-amino acid peptide and a retro-enantiomeric D-amino acid peptide were designed to mimic the conformation of the C-C' region. Both peptides were cyclized by disulphide bond formation between terminal cysteine residues, and show mirror image symmetry by circular dichroism analysis. The C-C' peptide mimics act as competitive inhibitors of IgE binding. The cyclic L- and retro D-peptides exhibited KDs of approximately 3 microM and 11 microM, respectively, for IgE. Further, the peptides inhibit IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation, an in vitro model of an allergic response.
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