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Alves CH, Farrell E, Vis M, Colin EM, Lubberts E. Animal Models of Bone Loss in Inflammatory Arthritis: from Cytokines in the Bench to Novel Treatments for Bone Loss in the Bedside-a Comprehensive Review. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2016; 51:27-47. [PMID: 26634933 PMCID: PMC4961736 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-015-8522-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Throughout life, bone is continuously remodelled. Bone is formed by osteoblasts, from mesenchymal origin, while osteoclasts induce bone resorption. This process is tightly regulated. During inflammation, several growth factors and cytokines are increased inducing osteoclast differentiation and activation, and chronic inflammation is a condition that initiates systemic bone loss. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory auto-immune disease that is characterised by active synovitis and is associated with early peri-articular bone loss. Peri-articular bone loss precedes focal bone erosions, which may progress to bone destruction and disability. The incidence of generalised osteoporosis is associated with the severity of arthritis in RA and increased osteoporotic vertebral and hip fracture risk. In this review, we will give an overview of different animal models of inflammatory arthritis related to RA with focus on bone erosion and involvement of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, a humanised endochondral ossification model will be discussed, which can be used in a translational approach to answer osteoimmunological questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Henrique Alves
- Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Farrell
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marijn Vis
- Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Edgar M Colin
- Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Rheumatology, ZGT Almelo, Zilvermeeuw 1, 7600 SZ, Almelo, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Lubberts
- Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Bevaart L, Vervoordeldonk MJ, Tak PP. Evaluation of therapeutic targets in animal models of arthritis: How does it relate to rheumatoid arthritis? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 62:2192-205. [DOI: 10.1002/art.27503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Kannan K, Ortmann RA, Kimpel D. Animal models of rheumatoid arthritis and their relevance to human disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 12:167-81. [PMID: 16171986 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2005.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Rodent models of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are useful tools to study the pathogenic process of RA. Among the most widely used models of RA are the streptococcal cell wall (SCW) arthritis model and the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). Both innate and adaptive immune mechanisms are involved in these rodent models. While no models perfectly duplicate the condition of human RA, they are easily reproducible, well defined and have proven useful for development of new therapies for arthritis, as exemplified by cytokine blockade therapies. Besides SCW and CIA models, there are numerous others including transgenic models such as K/BxN, induced models such as adjuvant-induced and pristane models, and spontaneous models in certain mouse strains, that have been used to help understand some of the underlying mechanisms. This review provides an update and analysis of RA models in mice and rats. The array of models has provided rheumatologists and immunologists a means to understand the multifactorial disease in humans, to identify new drug targets, and to test new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnaswamy Kannan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Virginia Health System, P.O. Box 800412, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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Koenders MI, Lubberts E, Oppers-Walgreen B, van den Bersselaar L, Helsen MM, Di Padova FE, Boots AMH, Gram H, Joosten LAB, van den Berg WB. Blocking of interleukin-17 during reactivation of experimental arthritis prevents joint inflammation and bone erosion by decreasing RANKL and interleukin-1. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2005; 167:141-9. [PMID: 15972960 PMCID: PMC1603454 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)62961-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is characterized by an intermittent course of disease with alternate periods of remission and relapse. T cells, and in particular the T-cell cytokine interleukin-17 (IL-17), are expected to be involved in arthritic flares. Here, we report that neutralizing endogenous IL-17 during reactivation of antigen-induced arthritis prevents joint inflammation and bone erosion. Synovial IL-17 mRNA expression was clearly up-regulated during primary arthritis and was further enhanced after antigen rechallenge. Neutralization of IL-17 significantly prevented joint swelling at day 1 of flare and significantly suppressed joint inflammation and cartilage proteoglycan depletion at day 4, as assessed by histology. Blocking IL-17 also clearly reduced bone erosions. Cathepsin K, a marker of osteoclast-like activity, and synovial RANKL mRNA expression were both suppressed. The degree of bone erosions strongly correlated with the severity of joint inflammation, suggesting that anti-IL-17 treatment reduced bone erosion by suppressing joint inflammation. Interestingly, blocking IL-17 suppressed synovial expression of both IL-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, whereas blocking IL-1 did not affect tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels. These data indicate that IL-17 is an important upstream mediator in joint pathology during flare-up of experimental arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marije I Koenders
- Department of Rheumatology, Experimental Rheumatology and Advanced Therapeutics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, 189, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 26-28, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Rioja I, Bush KA, Buckton JB, Dickson MC, Life PF. Joint cytokine quantification in two rodent arthritis models: kinetics of expression, correlation of mRNA and protein levels and response to prednisolone treatment. Clin Exp Immunol 2004; 137:65-73. [PMID: 15196245 PMCID: PMC1809073 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2004.02499.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarker quantification in disease tissues from animal models of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) can help to provide insights into the mechanisms of action of novel therapeutic agents. In this study we validated the kinetics of IL-1beta, TNF-alpha and IL-6 mRNA and protein expression levels in joints from DBA/1OlaHsd murine collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and Lewis rat Streptococcal cell wall (SCW)-induced arthritis by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) TaqMan and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Prednisolone was used as a reference to investigate any correlation between clinical response and cytokine levels at selected time-points. To our knowledge this is the first report showing a close pattern of expression between mRNA and protein for IL-1beta and IL-6, but not for TNF-alpha, in these two models of RA. The kinetics of expression for these biomarkers suggested that the optimal sampling time-points to study the effect of compounds on both inflammation and cytokine levels were day 4 postonset in CIA and day 3 after i.v challenge in SCW-induced arthritis. Prednisolone reduced joint swelling through a mechanism associated with a reduction in IL-1beta and IL-6 protein and mRNA expression levels. At the investigated time points, protein levels for TNF-alpha in arthritic joints were lower than the lower limit of detection of the ELISA, whereas mRNA levels for this cytokine were reliably detected. These observations suggest that RT-PCR TaqMan is a sensitive technique that can be successfully applied to the quantification of mRNA levels in rodent joints from experimental arthritis models providing insights into mechanisms of action of novel anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Rioja
- Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease Biology Department, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK.
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Kimpel D, Dayton T, Fuseler J, Gray L, Kannan K, Wolf RE, Grisham M. Splenectomy attenuates streptococcal cell wall-induced arthritis and alters leukocyte activation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003; 48:3557-67. [PMID: 14674009 DOI: 10.1002/art.11424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of the spleen in the pathogenesis of streptococcal cell wall (SCW)-induced arthritis and determine the impact of splenectomy on monocytes and T cells involved in the arthritis. METHODS Female Lewis rats were separated into 4 groups: 1) saline-injected, sham-operated; 2) saline-injected, splenectomized; 3) peptidoglycan-polysaccharide (PG-PS)-injected, sham-operated; and 4) PG-PS-injected, splenectomized. After a 10-day recovery period, rats received a single intraperitoneal injection of saline or PG-PS (25 microg rhamnose/gm body weight). We evaluated the effect of splenectomy on joint inflammation, histopathology, leukocyte subtypes in blood and lymph nodes, cytokines, and cell surface expression of CD44 and CD45RC in the chronic phase of the disease (day 28). RESULTS Splenectomy dramatically decreased chronic joint inflammation and histopathologic damage as well as altered cell types in lymph nodes and peripheral blood, as analyzed by flow cytometry. Nitric oxide (NO) production, levels of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and a biomarker of Th1 cell predominance correlated with the level of joint inflammation. Surprisingly, in splenectomized animals, increased expression of adhesion molecules thought to track T cells to inflamed tissue were observed in lymph nodes. CONCLUSION The result of splenectomy was attenuation of SCW-induced arthritis and changes in mediators of inflammation, including T cell subsets, proinflammatory cytokines, and NO production. Splenectomy may remove an important antigen reservoir and alter immune cell activation in the SCW-induced arthritis model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald Kimpel
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA.
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Simelyte E, Isomäki P, Rimpiläinen M, Zhang X, Toivanen P. Cytokine production in arthritis susceptible and resistant rats: a study with arthritogenic and non-arthritogenic Lactobacillus cell walls. Scand J Immunol 2001; 53:132-8. [PMID: 11169216 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3083.2001.00846.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The basis of the different susceptibility to bacterial cell wall-induced arthritis between Lewis and Fischer rats is unclear. Likewise, it is not known why cell walls of some species of Lactobacillus are arthritogenic and those of others are not. With these two questions in mind, we investigated the role of anti-inflammatory (interleukin (IL)-10, IL-4) and proinflammatory (tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, IL-1 beta) cytokines in Lewis and Fischer rats injected intraperitoneally with cell walls from arthritogenic or nonarthritogenic species of Lactobacillus. Cytokine levels in the serum and in vitro production by peritoneal macrophages and splenocytes were studied. The results obtained indicate that the differences in the production of IL-10, IL-4, TNF-alpha or IL-1 beta do not explain the difference in the arthritis susceptibility between Lewis and Fischer rats. Likewise, the arthritogenicity of different Lactobacillus cell walls appears not to be dependent on their capacity to stimulate cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Simelyte
- The Turku Immunology Centre, Turku Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Turku University, Turku, Finland.
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Abstract
Complement activation has been implicated as a pathological process in a number of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders including chronic rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Animal models of experimental arthritis have been widely used to investigate the pathogenesis of RA and also in the development of novel therapies. Many of these models are complement-dependent and both incidence and progression of disease can be influenced by complement inhibition. In certain situations, local inhibition is of greater therapeutic benefit than systemic decomplementation. An increasing awareness and availability of a wide range of naturally occurring complement regulatory proteins can now offer a more targeted approach to complement inhibition while the availability of novel engineering strategies has also improved the efficiency of this process. The success of complement inhibition in the experimental models described should offer a novel therapeutic approach to the treatment of human inflammatory arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Linton
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, UK.
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Schimmer RC, Schrier DJ, Flory CM, Laemont KD, Tung D, Metz AL, Friedl HP, Conroy MC, Warren JS, Beck B, Ward PA. Streptococcal Cell Wall-Induced Arthritis: Requirements for IL-4, IL-10, IFN-γ, and Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1998. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.160.3.1466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Intra-articular injection of streptococcal cell wall Ag followed by i.v. challenge (“reactivation”) results in a destructive lymphocyte-dependent monoarticular arthritis. To further define the role of immune mechanisms in the model, Abs to Th1 and Th2-related cytokines were evaluated. Treatment of rats with antibodies to IL-4 reduced swelling, while treatment with anti-IL-10 or anti-IFN-γ either had no effect or slightly enhanced the inflammatory response. These results suggest that Th-2 immune mechanisms may be, at least in part, operative in the model. To more precisely define the role of IL-4, the effects of anti-IL-4 on monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) expression were evaluated. Initial studies demonstrated that mRNA (as determined by in situ hybridization) and protein (as determined by immunofluorescence) for MCP-1 were detectable in inflamed synovial tissue in a time-dependent manner. Anti-IL-4 treatment significantly reduced the expression of mRNA for MCP-1 24 and 72 h after reactivation. In addition, anti-MCP-1 inhibited swelling and reduced influx of 111In-labeled T cells. These data suggest that the reactivation model of streptococcal cell wall Ag-induced arthritis is Th-2 dependent, and that an inter-relationship exists between IL-4 and the expression of MCP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph C. Schimmer
- *Department of Surgery, University of Zurich Medical School, Zurich, Switzerland
- †Department of Immunopathology and
- ¶Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | | | | | | | - David Tung
- †Department of Immunopathology and
- ¶Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Alan L. Metz
- ‡Toxicology, Parke-Davis Pharmaceutical Research/Division of Warner Lambert Co., Ann Arbor, MI 48105
| | - Hans P. Friedl
- *Department of Surgery, University of Zurich Medical School, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Jeffrey S. Warren
- ¶Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Beatrice Beck
- §Institute for Anesthesiology, University of Zurich Medical School, Zurich, Switzerland; and
- ¶Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Peter A. Ward
- ¶Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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Yamamoto H, Sekiguchi T, Itagaki K, Saijo S, Iwakura Y. Inflammatory polyarthritis in mice transgenic for human T cell leukemia virus type I. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 1993; 36:1612-20. [PMID: 8240438 DOI: 10.1002/art.1780361117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We have recently reported that arthropathy develops in high incidence among transgenic mice carrying the pX region of human T cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I). In the present study, the histopathologic features of the joints in these mice were examined in order to compare the animal disease with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in humans. METHODS Paraffin sections of limbs (right and left fingers, wrists, elbows, shoulders, toes, knees, and ankles) were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid-Schiff, azan-Mallory, or phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin, and examined by light microscopy. RESULTS Abnormalities of the limbs began to occur as early as 3 weeks of age, and the incidence gradually increased until the mice were 12 months old. The incidence of arthropathy was 22% (48 of 217) at 3 months of age and 28% (18 of 64) at 6 months. The severity of the histopathologic changes in the joints of the transgenic mice ranged from grade I to grade IV. CONCLUSION The major histopathologic features in the joints of HTLV-I transgenic mice are similar to those in humans with RA. Thus, these mice may represent a useful model for the study of the disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Kohno Clinical Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
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van de Langerijt AG, van Lent PL, Hermus AR, van de Putte LB, van den Berg WB. Regulation of resistance against adjuvant arthritis in the Fisher rat. Clin Exp Immunol 1993; 94:150-5. [PMID: 8403498 PMCID: PMC1534364 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.1993.tb05993.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Inbred female Lewis (LEW/N) rats develop a severe chronic arthritis in the adjuvant arthritis (AA) model, histocompatible Fisher (F344/N) rats are resistant and germ-free Fishers (GF F344) are again susceptible. In this study we show that the F344 rat can become susceptible to AA, using Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb.) in the powerful adjuvant paraffin oil, instead of mineral oil (Freund's incomplete adjuvant (FIA)). This indicates that the F344 rat does not lack T effector cells. To examine further mechanisms responsible for suppression, we determined the level of plasma corticosterone in response to IL-1 alpha in Lewis, F344 and GF F344 rats. IL-1 alpha induced only low amounts of corticosterone in Lewis rats, but high amounts in both F344 and GF F344 rats. The GF F344 rats are susceptible to AA, but the severity of the disease is reduced compared with Lewis rats. This indicates that corticosterone may be an important mechanism to suppress disease development, but not the only mechanism. In addition we investigated whether T suppressor cells play a role in the resistance of the F344 strain. This was performed by pretreating the animals with the immunomodulating drugs cyclophosphamide (Cy) and cyclosporin A (CsA). We were unable to make the F344 rat susceptible to AA, indicating that active suppression does not play a role in the induction phase of arthritis. This finding is confirmed in adoptive transfer experiments of AA from Lewis to F344 rats. Our data suggest the lack of a strong pre-existing suppression in the F344 rats, and indicate that suppression is generated upon bacterial challenge. Whether suppression is overruled probably depends on the power of adjuvants used and potential control by corticosteroids.
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van den Broek MF, de Heer E, van Bruggen MC, de Roo G, Kleiverda K, Eulderink F, van den Berg WB. Immunomodulation of streptococcal cell wall-induced arthritis. Identification of inflammatory cells and regulatory T cell subsets by mercuric chloride and in vivo CD8 depletion. Eur J Immunol 1992; 22:3091-5. [PMID: 1446702 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830221210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcal cell wall (SCW)-induced arthritis is a chronic, erosive polyarthritis which can be induced in susceptible Lewis rats by one intraperitoneal injection of a sterile, aqueous suspension of SCW. The chronic phase of the disease is dependent on T cells. Mercuric chloride is an immunomodulating agent, causing autoimmunity in BN rats, but an OX8+ cell-mediated immunosuppression in Lewis rats. Therefore, we investigated the effect of mercuric chloride, whether or not combined with in vivo OX8 depletion, on SCW-induced arthritis in Lewis rats. We show that (a) depletion of OX8+ cells leads to a more chronic arthritis with a more rapid onset, (b) treatment with mercuric chloride induces a rapidly developing disease which is not chronic, and (c) treatment with mercuric chloride and OX8+ cell depletion induces an arthritis with a very rapid onset and enhanced chronicity. Together with histological data this suggests an important role for OX8+ T cells in controlling both the acute and chronic phase of the disease. In addition, mercuric chloride seems to induce an early activation of T cells resulting in an enhanced onset of disease, which is controlled later by enhanced activation of OX8+ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F van den Broek
- Department of Rheumatic Diseases, University Hospital Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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van den Broek MF, van Bruggen MC, Koopman JP, Hazenberg MP, van den Berg WB. Gut flora induces and maintains resistance against streptococcal cell wall-induced arthritis in F344 rats. Clin Exp Immunol 1992; 88:313-7. [PMID: 1572097 PMCID: PMC1554307 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.1992.tb03079.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcal cell wall (SCW)-induced arthritis is a chronic, erosive polyarthritis that can be induced in susceptible Lewis rats by one i.p. injection of an aqueous, sterile suspension of SCW. F344 rats are resistant to chronic joint inflammation. Our previous studies showed a correlation between susceptibility to SCW-induced arthritis and the ability to mount SCW-specific T cell responses, suggesting tolerance to SCW as a putative mechanism. Here we prevented the induction of tolerance to bacterial epitopes in F344 rats by using them germ-free and analysed susceptibility to arthritis subsequently. In addition, we conventionalized germ-free F344 rats at different times before induction of arthritis. Our results show that germ-free F344 rats are susceptible to SCW-induced arthritis with a similar severity, chronicity, incidence and onset as Lewis rats. Moreover, T cells isolated from germ-free F344 rats were able to respond to SCW. Conventionalization dramatically moderates arthritis and makes T cells unresponsive to SCW again. Thus, in normal rats (F344) a state of tolerance to arthritogenic epitopes is induced (neonatally) and maintained through life by the bacterial flora, resulting in resistance to bacterium-induced arthritides. In arthritis-prone (Lewis) rats, this tolerance is deficient and/or easily broken.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F van den Broek
- Department of Rheumatic Diseases, University Hospital Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Van den Broek MF, Van de Langerijt LG, Van Bruggen MC, Billingham ME, Van den Berg WB. Treatment of rats with monoclonal anti-CD4 induces long-term resistance to streptococcal cell wall-induced arthritis. Eur J Immunol 1992; 22:57-61. [PMID: 1730259 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830220110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the role of CD4+ cells in the induction and maintenance of streptococcal cell wall (SCW)-induced arthritis, Lewis rats were treated with a monoclonal antibody against rat CD4 (W3/25). Injection before onset of the arthritis resulted in resistance to SCW arthritis. Treatment with anti-CD4 during ongoing arthritis induced an amelioration of the arthritis, demonstrating that CD4+ cells are involved in both the induction and effector phases of the chronic arthritis. After return of CD4+ cells to normal levels in the circulation, no arthritis occurred in protected rats, despite the continued presence of SCW in the body. Even reinjection of SCW could not induce arthritis in these rats, suggesting that tolerance to SCW had occurred. In addition, these tolerized rats were refractory to actively induced adjuvant arthritis (AA), but were susceptible to passively transferred AA. Our data imply, that (a) treatment with anti-CD4 plus SCW induces a long-term resistance to SCW-induced arthritis and adjuvant arthritis, (b) SCW and M. tuberculosis may use similar mechanisms of regulation of arthritis and (c) active peripheral suppression is not the mechanism of this nonresponsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Van den Broek
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Severijnen AJ, van Kleef R, Grandia AA, van der Kwast TH, Hazenberg MP. Histology of joint inflammation induced in rats by cell wall fragments of the anaerobic intestinal bacterium Eubacterium aerofaciens. Rheumatol Int 1991; 11:203-8. [PMID: 1784889 DOI: 10.1007/bf00332563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
To study the arthropathic properties of human intestinal bacteria, cell wall fragments (CWF) of the anaerobic bowel bacterium Eubacterium aerofaciens were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) in arthritis-susceptible Lewis rats. Rat paw joints were subsequently studied for histopathological changes. A persisting synovitis accompanied by marginal erosions of cartilage and bone and a marked periosteal apposition of new bone tissue were the main features of the polyarthritis induced. These results are discussed in relation to streptococcal cell wall induced arthritis and compared with histopathological findings in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in man.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Severijnen
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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van Bruggen MC, van den Broek MF, van den Berg WB. Streptococcal cell wall-induced arthritis and adjuvant arthritis in F344----Lewis and in Lewis----F344 bone marrow chimeras. Cell Immunol 1991; 136:278-90. [PMID: 1873821 DOI: 10.1016/0008-8749(91)90352-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcal cell wall (SCW)-induced arthritis and adjuvant arthritis (AA) are rat models for chronic, erosive polyarthritis. Both models can be induced in susceptible Lewis rats, whereas F344 rats are resistant. In AA as well as in SCW arthritis, antigen-specific T lymphocytes have been demonstrated to be crucial for chronic disease. In this communication we describe our studies to probe the cellular mechanism responsible for the difference in susceptibility of Lewis and F344, using bone marrow chimeras. By transplanting bone marrow cells from F344 into lethally irradiated Lewis recipients, Lewis rats were rendered resistant to SCW arthritis induction. F344 rats reconstituted with Lewis bone marrow, i.e., Lewis----F344 chimeras, develop an arthritis upon SCW injection. For AA comparable results were obtained. These data suggest that both resistance and susceptibility to bacterium-induced chronic arthritis are mediated by hemopoietic/immune cells and that the recipiental environment does not influence the susceptibility to chronic joint inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C van Bruggen
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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