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Lee CH, Su TC, Lee MS, Hsu CS, Yang RC, Kao JK. Heat shock protein 70 protects the lungs from hyperoxic injury in a neonatal rat model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285944. [PMID: 37200358 PMCID: PMC10194897 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperoxia plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of lung injury, such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), in premature infants or newborns. BPD management aims to minimize further injury, provide an optimal environment to support growth and recovery. In clinic neonatal care, we need a new therapy for BPD. Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) inhibit cell apoptosis and promote cell repair allowing cells to survive lethal injury. We hypothesized that Hsp70 could be used to prevent hyperoxia related BPD in the neonatal rat model through its anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we explored the effect of Hsp70 on hyperoxia-induced lung injury using neonatal rats. Neonatal Wistar rats were delivered naturally at full term of gestation and were then pooled and randomly assigned to several groups to receive heat stimulation (41°C for 20 min) or room temperature conditions. The Hsp70 group received recombinant Hsp70 intraperitoneally (200 μg/kg, daily). All newborn rats were placed under hyperoxic conditions (85% oxygen) for 21 days. Survival rates in both heat-hyperoxia and Hsp70-hyperoxia groups were higher than those in the hyperoxia group (p < 0.05). Both endogenous and exogenous Hsp70 could reduce early apoptosis of alveolar cells under hyperoxia. Additionally, there were less macrophage infiltration in the lung of the Hsp70 groups (p < 0.05). Heat stress, heat shock proteins, and exogenous recombinant Hsp70 significantly increased the survival rate and reduced pathological hyperoxia induced lung injuries in the development of BPD. These results suggest that treating hyperoxia-induced lung injury with Hsp70 may reduce the risk of developing BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Han Lee
- Frontier Molecular Medical Research Center in Children, Changhua Christian Children Hospital, Changhua County, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Cheng Su
- Department of Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Sheng Lee
- Frontier Molecular Medical Research Center in Children, Changhua Christian Children Hospital, Changhua County, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Sheng Hsu
- Frontier Molecular Medical Research Center in Children, Changhua Christian Children Hospital, Changhua County, Taiwan
| | - Rei-Cheng Yang
- Frontier Molecular Medical Research Center in Children, Changhua Christian Children Hospital, Changhua County, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Kai Kao
- Frontier Molecular Medical Research Center in Children, Changhua Christian Children Hospital, Changhua County, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan
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Mycobacterial Heat Shock Proteins in Sarcoidosis and Tuberculosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065084. [PMID: 36982159 PMCID: PMC10048904 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathological similarities between sarcoidosis (SA) and tuberculosis (TB) suggest the role of mycobacterial antigens in the etiopathogenesis of SA. The Dubaniewicz group revealed that not whole mycobacteria, but Mtb-HSP70, Mtb-HSP 65, and Mtb-HSP16 were detected in the lymph nodes, sera, and precipitated immune complexes in patients with SA and TB. In SA, the Mtb-HSP16 concentration was higher than that of Mtb-HSP70 and that of Mtb-HSP65, whereas in TB, the Mtb-HSP16 level was increased vs. Mtb-HSP70. A high Mtb-HSP16 level, induced by low dose-dependent nitrate/nitrite (NOx), may develop a mycobacterial or propionibacterial genetic dormancy program in SA. In contrast to TB, increased peroxynitrite concentration in supernatants of peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures treated with Mtb-HSP may explain the low level of NOx detected in SA. In contrast to TB, monocytes in SA were resistant to Mtb-HSP-induced apoptosis, and CD4+T cell apoptosis was increased. Mtb-HSP-induced apoptosis of CD8+T cells was reduced in all tested groups. In Mtb-HSP-stimulated T cells, lower CD8+γδ+IL-4+T cell frequency with increased TNF-α,IL-6,IL-10 and decreased INF-γ,IL-2,IL-4 production were present in SA, as opposed to an increased presence of CD4+γδ+TCR cells with increased TNF-α,IL-6 levels in TB, vs. controls. Mtb-HSP modulating the level of co-stimulatory molecules, regulatory cells, apoptosis, clonal deletion, epitope spread, polyclonal activation and molecular mimicry between human and microbial HSPs may also participate in the induction of autoimmunity, considered in SA. In conclusion, in different genetically predisposed hosts, the same antigens, e.g., Mtb-HSP, may induce the development of TB or SA, including an autoimmune response in sarcoidosis.
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Berg SIT, Knapp J, Braunstein M, Shirriff C. The small heat shock protein HSPB5 attenuates the severity of lupus nephritis in lupus-prone mice. Autoimmunity 2022; 55:192-202. [PMID: 35137667 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2022.2027921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Lupus nephritis (LN) is a common and serious complication of systemic lupus erythematosus. The current treatments for LN are accompanied with severe immunotoxicity and have limits of effectiveness. Since our in vitro experiments demonstrated that a small heat shock protein (HSP), alpha-B crystallin (HSPB5; CRYAB), selectively modulates myeloid cells towards anti-inflammatory and tolerogenic phenotypes, the aim of this study was to investigate whether HSPB5 can attenuate the severity of LN. MRL/lpr mice were treated intravenously with HSPB5 at 2.5 or 10 μg/dose twice per week after disease onset, from 11 to 21 weeks of age. Disease progression was monitored by weekly measurements of proteinuria, and sera, spleens, and kidneys were collected for assessment at the terminal time point. Treatment with 10 μg HSPB5 substantially reduced endocapillary proliferation and tubular atrophy, which significantly reduced proteinuria and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). Compared to vehicle, 10 μg HSPB5 treatment substantially decreased activation/proliferation of splenocytes, increased IL-10+ macrophages, T and B regulatory cells (Treg, Breg), increased serum IL-10, and lowered expression of IL-6 in kidneys, which correlated with improved kidney function and pathology. This study demonstrated the utility of exogenous human HSPB5 to attenuate severe nephropathy in MRL/lpr mice and provides evidence in favour of a novel therapeutic approach for lupus nephritis.
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Fourie KR, Wilson HL. Understanding GroEL and DnaK Stress Response Proteins as Antigens for Bacterial Diseases. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:E773. [PMID: 33348708 PMCID: PMC7767184 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8040773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria do not simply express a constitutive panel of proteins but they instead undergo dynamic changes in their protein repertoire in response to changes in nutritional status and when exposed to different environments. These differentially expressed proteins may be suitable to use for vaccine antigens if they are virulence factors. Immediately upon entry into the host organism, bacteria are exposed to a different environment, which includes changes in temperature, osmotic pressure, pH, etc. Even when an organism has already penetrated the blood or lymphatics and it then enters another organ or a cell, it can respond to these new conditions by increasing the expression of virulence factors to aid in bacterial adherence, invasion, or immune evasion. Stress response proteins such as heat shock proteins and chaperones are some of the proteins that undergo changes in levels of expression and/or changes in cellular localization from the cytosol to the cell surface or the secretome, making them potential immunogens for vaccine development. Herein we highlight literature showing that intracellular chaperone proteins GroEL and DnaK, which were originally identified as playing a role in protein folding, are relocated to the cell surface or are secreted during invasion and therefore may be recognized by the host immune system as antigens. In addition, we highlight literature showcasing the immunomodulation effects these proteins can have on the immune system, also making them potential adjuvants or immunotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kezia R. Fourie
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada;
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Center (VIDO-InterVac), Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Heather L. Wilson
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada;
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Center (VIDO-InterVac), Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
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Molecular Chaperones: Molecular Assembly Line Brings Metabolism and Immunity in Shape. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10100394. [PMID: 33023034 PMCID: PMC7600384 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10100394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular chaperones are a set of conserved proteins that have evolved to assist the folding of many newly synthesized proteins by preventing their misfolding under conditions such as elevated temperatures, hypoxia, acidosis and nutrient deprivation. Molecular chaperones belong to the heat shock protein (HSP) family. They have been identified as important participants in immune functions including antigen presentation, immunostimulation and immunomodulation, and play crucial roles in metabolic rewiring and epigenetic circuits. Growing evidence has accumulated to indicate that metabolic pathways and their metabolites influence the function of immune cells and can alter transcriptional activity through epigenetic modification of (de)methylation and (de)acetylation. However, whether molecular chaperones can regulate metabolic programs to influence immune activity is still largely unclear. In this review, we discuss the available data on the biological function of molecular chaperones to immune responses during inflammation, with a specific focus on the interplay between molecular chaperones and metabolic pathways that drive immune cell fate and function.
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Costa TEMM, Raghavendra NM, Penido C. Natural heat shock protein 90 inhibitors in cancer and inflammation. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 189:112063. [PMID: 31972392 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock protein (HSP)90 is the most abundant HSPs, which are chaperone molecules whose major roles are cell protection and maintenance by means of aiding the folding, the stabilization and the remodeling of a wide range of proteins. A few hundreds of proteins depend on HSP90 chaperone activity, including kinases and transcriptional factors that play essential roles in cancer and inflammation, so that HSP90-targeted therapies have been considered as a potential strategy for the treatment of cancer and inflammatory-associated diseases. HSP90 inhibition by natural, semi-synthetic and synthetic compounds have yield promising results in pre-clinical studies and clinical trials for different types of cancers and inflammation. Natural products are a huge source of biologically active compounds widely used in drug development due to the great diversity of their metabolites which are capable to modulate several protein functions. HSP90 inhibitors have been isolated from bacteria, fungi and vegetal species. These natural compounds have a noteworthy ability to modulate HSP90 activity as well as serve as scaffolds for the development of novel synthetic or semi-synthetic inhibitors. Over a hundred clinical trials have evaluated the effect of HSP90 inhibitors as adjuvant treatment against different types of tumors and, currently, new studies are being developed to gain sight on novel promising and more effective approaches for cancer treatment. In this review, we present the naturally occurring HSP90 inhibitors and analogues, discussing their anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thadeu E M M Costa
- Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-361, Brazil; Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Institute of Drug Technology, Farmanguinhos, 21041-250, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Nulgumnalli Manjunathaiah Raghavendra
- Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-361, Brazil; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Acharya and BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, 560090, India.
| | - Carmen Penido
- Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-361, Brazil; Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Institute of Drug Technology, Farmanguinhos, 21041-250, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Kao JK, Hsu TF, Lee MS, Su TC, Lee CH, Hsu CS, Shieh JJ, Wang JY, Yang RC. Subcutaneous injection of recombinant heat shock protein 70 ameliorates atopic dermatitis skin lesions in a mouse model. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2020; 36:186-195. [PMID: 31904187 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease and sometimes is a tough challenge for physicians. We previously reported that in Th2 environment, the production and secretion of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) from human keratinocytes was inhibited by recombinant heat shock protein 70 (rHSP70). The present study assessed the therapeutic effectiveness of rHSP70 in a mouse model of AD. An experimental model of AD was reproduced by systemic sensitization and local epicutaneous challenge with ovalbumin (OVA). Treatment of rHSP70 was performed by subcutaneous administration. The levels of OVA-specific IgE, as well as cytokines, were detected by ELISA. Skin samples from patch areas were also taken for histologic examination. Injection of rHSP70 improved the histologic picture by reducing the thickness of epidermis and allergic inflammation. Skin sonography revealed rHSP70 ameliorated skin remodeling. rHSP70 also significantly decreased the protein expression of TSLP of skin from patch areas. Furthermore, in ex vivo studies also showed group of rHSP70 treatment decreased IL-13, RANTES, MIP-1β and increased IFN-γ secreted from splenocytes stimulated with OVA. The rHSP70 intervention in the mouse model of AD reduced the skin expression of TSLP and attenuated the clinical appearance of OVA-induced AD mice. The effect was achieved by suppressed Th2 immune response in injected skin tissue and enhanced systemic Th1 immune response. These results suggest that rHSP70 have potential as a promising protein for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Kai Kao
- Frontier Molecular Medical Research Center in Children, Changhua Christian Children Hospital, Changhua County, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Fang Hsu
- Department of Applied Cosmetology, Master Program of Cosmetic Science, Hungkuang University, Shalu, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Sheng Lee
- Frontier Molecular Medical Research Center in Children, Changhua Christian Children Hospital, Changhua County, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Cheng Su
- Department of Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Han Lee
- Frontier Molecular Medical Research Center in Children, Changhua Christian Children Hospital, Changhua County, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Sheng Hsu
- Frontier Molecular Medical Research Center in Children, Changhua Christian Children Hospital, Changhua County, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Jer Shieh
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Jiu-Yao Wang
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research (ACIR) Center, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Children's Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Rei-Cheng Yang
- Frontier Molecular Medical Research Center in Children, Changhua Christian Children Hospital, Changhua County, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
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Shanmugasundaram R, Wick M, Lilburn MS. Effect of embryonic thermal manipulation on heat shock protein 70 expression and immune system development in Pekin duck embryos. Poult Sci 2019; 97:4200-4210. [PMID: 30124990 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to study the effects of thermal manipulation on heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) transcription and immune cell characteristics' in Pekin duck embryos. In experiments I and II, fertile duck eggs were incubated at either a standard (S; 37°C) or high (H; 38.0°C) temperature from embryonic day (ED) 1 to 10. At ED11, half the eggs incubated at 37.5°C or 38.0°C were either kept at 37.5°C (SS) or 38.0°C (HH) respectively, or moved to the opposite incubator/temperature of either 38.0°C (SH) or 37.5°C (HS). Beginning on ED 21, all eggs (embryos) were incubated at 37.5°C. In experiments I and II, the mean egg shell temperature (EST) of eggs incubated at 38.0°C was higher than that from 37.5°C at ED10 (P < 0.01). In both experiments, the yolk free wet embryo body weight (YFWEBW) of embryos from the HS treatment was increased while that in the HH treatments was decreased compared with the SS treatment at ED25 (P < 0.01). In experiment II, embryos from the HH treatment had increased HSP70 mRNA compared with the SS treatment in the liver, thymus, and bursa (P < 0.05). The thymus and bursa from embryos in the SH treatment had increased MHCI mRNA when compared with the SS treatment (P < 0.05). The thymus from HH and SH treatments had increased MHCII mRNA while the bursa from the HH and SH treatments had decreased MHCII mRNA when compared with the SS treatment (P < 0.05). The spleen and bursa from the HH treatment had increased IL-6, IFNγ, and IL-10 mRNA when compared with the SS treatment (P < 0.05). The thymus and spleen from embryos in the HH treatment had increased CD8+/CD4+ ratios and CD4+CD25+ cell percentages compared with the SS treatment (P < 0.05). In conclusion, embryos incubated at 0.5°C higher than the standard incubation temperature from ED1 to 21 had increased HSP70 mRNA, MHCI, and inflammatory cytokines, and the immune response was skewed toward cell-mediated immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Macdonald Wick
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Michael S Lilburn
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
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Kaszubowska L, Foerster J, Schetz D, Kmieć Z. CD56bright cells respond to stimulation until very advanced age revealing increased expression of cellular protective proteins SIRT1, HSP70 and SOD2. Immun Ageing 2018; 15:31. [PMID: 30534181 PMCID: PMC6262966 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-018-0136-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND NK cells are cytotoxic lymphocytes of innate immunity composed of: cytotoxic CD56dim and immunoregulatory CD56bright cells. The study aimed to analyze the expression of cellular protective proteins: sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2) in CD56dim and CD56bright NK cells of the young, seniors aged under 85 ('the old') and seniors aged over 85 ('the oldest'). We studied both non-stimulated NK cells and cells stimulated by IL-2, LPS or PMA with ionomycin. The expression level of proinflammatory cytokines TNF and IFN-γ was also assessed in NK cell subsets and some relationships between the studied parameters were analyzed. RESULTS CD56bright cells showed sensitivity to most of the applied stimulatory agents until very advanced age in regards to the expression of SIRT1 and intracellular HSP70. On the contrary, CD56dim cells, sensitive to stimulation by most of the stimulatory agents in the young and the old, in the oldest lost this sensitivity and presented rather high, constant expression of SIRT1 and HSP70, resistant to further stimulation. With reference to SOD2 expression, CD56dim cells were insensitive to stimulation in the young, but their sensitivity increased with ageing. CD56bright cells were sensitive to most of the applied agents in the young and the old but in the oldest they responded to all of the stimulatory agents used in the study. Similarly, both NK cell subsets were sensitive to stimulation until very advanced age in regards to the expression of TNF and IFN-γ. CONCLUSIONS CD56bright cells maintained sensitivity to stimulation until very advanced age presenting also an increased expression of SIRT1 and HSP70. CD56dim cells showed a constantly increased expression of these cellular protective proteins in the oldest, insensitive for further stimulation. The oldest, however, did not reveal an increased level of SOD2 expression, but it was significantly elevated in both NK cell subsets after stimulation.The pattern of expression of the studied cellular protective proteins in ageing process revealed the adaptation of NK cells to stress response in the oldest seniors which might accompany the immunosenescence and contribute to the long lifespan of this group of the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucyna Kaszubowska
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jerzy Foerster
- Department of Social and Clinical Gerontology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Daria Schetz
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębowa 23, 80-204 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Kmieć
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
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Borges TJ, Murakami N, Machado FD, Murshid A, Lang BJ, Lopes RL, Bellan LM, Uehara M, Antunes KH, Pérez-Saéz MJ, Birrane G, Vianna P, Gonçalves JIB, Zanin RF, Azzi J, Abdi R, Ishido S, Shin JS, Souza APD, Calderwood SK, Riella LV, Bonorino C. March1-dependent modulation of donor MHC II on CD103 + dendritic cells mitigates alloimmunity. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3482. [PMID: 30154416 PMCID: PMC6113260 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05572-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In transplantation, donor dendritic cells (do-DCs) initiate the alloimmune response either by direct interaction with host T cells or by transferring intact donor MHC to host DCs. However, how do-DCs can be targeted for improving allograft survival is still unclear. Here we show CD103+ DCs are the major do-DC subset involved in the acute rejection of murine skin transplants. In the absence of CD103+ do-DCs, less donor MHC-II is carried to host lymph nodes, fewer allogenic T cells are primed and allograft survival is prolonged. Incubation of skin grafts with the anti-inflammatory mycobacterial protein DnaK reduces donor MHC-II on CD103+DCs and prolongs graft survival. This effect is mediated through IL-10-induced March1, which ubiquitinates and decreases MHC-II levels. Importantly, in vitro pre-treatment of human DCs with DnaK reduces their ability to prime alloreactive T cells. Our findings demonstrate a novel therapeutic approach to dampen alloimmunity by targeting donor MHC-II on CD103+DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago J Borges
- School of Biosciences and Biomedical Research Institute, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS. Av. Ipiranga, 6690, IPB, 2nd floor, lab 6, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Schuster Family Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Naoka Murakami
- Schuster Family Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Felipe D Machado
- School of Biosciences and Biomedical Research Institute, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS. Av. Ipiranga, 6690, IPB, 2nd floor, lab 6, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ayesha Murshid
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Benjamin J Lang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Rafael L Lopes
- School of Biosciences and Biomedical Research Institute, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS. Av. Ipiranga, 6690, IPB, 2nd floor, lab 6, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Laura M Bellan
- School of Biosciences and Biomedical Research Institute, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS. Av. Ipiranga, 6690, IPB, 2nd floor, lab 6, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mayuko Uehara
- Schuster Family Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Krist H Antunes
- School of Pharmacy and Centro Infant, Biomedical Research Institute, PUCRS. Av. Ipiranga, 6690, IPB, 2nd floor, lab 31, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria José Pérez-Saéz
- Schuster Family Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Gabriel Birrane
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 99 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Priscila Vianna
- Genetics Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - João Ismael B Gonçalves
- School of Biosciences and Biomedical Research Institute, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS. Av. Ipiranga, 6690, IPB, 2nd floor, lab 6, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Department of Health and Human Development, La Salle University, Av. Victor Barreto, 2288, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael F Zanin
- School of Biosciences and Biomedical Research Institute, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS. Av. Ipiranga, 6690, IPB, 2nd floor, lab 6, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Department of Health and Human Development, La Salle University, Av. Victor Barreto, 2288, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Jamil Azzi
- Schuster Family Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Reza Abdi
- Schuster Family Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Satoshi Ishido
- Department of Microbiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Jeoung-Sook Shin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Ave, HSE-201, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0414, USA
| | - Ana Paula D Souza
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 99 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Stuart K Calderwood
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Leonardo V Riella
- Schuster Family Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Cristina Bonorino
- School of Biosciences and Biomedical Research Institute, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS. Av. Ipiranga, 6690, IPB, 2nd floor, lab 6, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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van Eden W, Jansen MAA, de Wolf ACM, Ludwig IS, Leufkens P, Broere F. The Immunomodulatory Potential of tolDCs Loaded with Heat Shock Proteins. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1690. [PMID: 29250070 PMCID: PMC5717764 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Disease suppressive T cell regulation may depend on cognate interactions of regulatory T cells with self-antigens that are abundantly expressed in the inflamed tissues. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are by their nature upregulated in stressed cells and therefore abundantly present as potential targets for such regulation. HSP immunizations have led to inhibition of experimentally induced inflammatory conditions in various models. However, re-establishment of tolerance in the presence of an ongoing inflammatory process has remained challenging. Since tolerogenic DCs (tolDCs) have the combined capacity of mitigating antigen-specific inflammatory responses and of endowing T cells with regulatory potential, it seems attractive to combine the anti-inflammatory qualities of tolDCs with those of HSPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem van Eden
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Manon A A Jansen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - A Charlotte Mt de Wolf
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Irene S Ludwig
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Femke Broere
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Chebotareva N, Bobkova I, Shilov E. Heat shock proteins and kidney disease: perspectives of HSP therapy. Cell Stress Chaperones 2017; 22:319-343. [PMID: 28409327 PMCID: PMC5425374 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-017-0790-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) mediate a diverse range of cellular functions, prominently including folding and regulatory processes of cellular repair. A major property of these remarkable proteins, dependent on intracellular or extracellular location, is their capacity for immunoregulation that optimizes immune activity while avoiding hyperactivated inflammation. In this review, recent investigations are described, which examine roles of HSPs in protection of kidney tissue from various traumatic influences and demonstrate their potential for clinical management of nephritic disease. The HSP70 class is particularly attractive in this respect due to its multiple protective effects. The review also summarizes current understanding of HSP bioactivity in the pathophysiology of various kidney diseases, including acute kidney injury, diabetic nephropathy, chronic glomerulonephritis, and lupus nephritis-along with other promising strategies for their remediation, such as DNA vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Chebotareva
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 2-4 Bolshaya Pirogovskaya st., Moscow, Russia, 119992.
| | - Irina Bobkova
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 2-4 Bolshaya Pirogovskaya st., Moscow, Russia, 119992
| | - Evgeniy Shilov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 2-4 Bolshaya Pirogovskaya st., Moscow, Russia, 119992
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13
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Spierings J, van Eden W. Heat shock proteins and their immunomodulatory role in inflammatory arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2016; 56:198-208. [PMID: 27411479 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kew266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases, including inflammatory arthritis, are characterized by a loss of self-tolerance, leading to an excessive immune responses and subsequent ongoing inflammation. Current therapies are focused on dampening this inflammation, but a permanent state of tolerance is seldom achieved. Therefore, novel therapies that restore and maintain tolerance are needed. Tregs could be a potential target to achieve permanent immunotolerance. Activation of Tregs can be accomplished when they recognize and bind their specific antigens. HSPs are proteins present in all cells and are upregulated during inflammation. These proteins are immunogenic and can be recognized by Tregs. Several studies in animal models and in human clinical trials have shown the immunoregulatory effects of HSPs and their protective effects in inflammatory arthritis. In this review, an overview is presented of the immunomodulatory effects of several members of the HSP family in general and in inflammatory arthritis. These effects can be attributed to the activation of Tregs through cellular interactions within the immune system. The effect of HSP-specific therapies in patients with inflammatory arthritis should be explored further, especially with regard to long-term efficacy and safety and their use in combination with current therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Spierings
- Department of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht
| | - Willem van Eden
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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14
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Lopes RL, Borges TJ, Zanin RF, Bonorino C. IL-10 is required for polarization of macrophages to M2-like phenotype by mycobacterial DnaK (heat shock protein 70). Cytokine 2016; 85:123-9. [PMID: 27337694 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are key cells in the innate immune system. They phagocytose pathogens and cellular debris, promote inflammation, and have important roles in tumor immunity. Depending on the microenvironment, macrophages can polarize to M1 (inflammatory) or M2 (anti-inflammatory) phenotypes. Extracellular DnaK (the bacterial ortholog of the mammalian Hsp70) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) was described to exert immune modulatory roles in an IL-10 dependent manner. We have previously observed that endotoxin-free DnaK can polarize macrophages to an M2-like phenotype. However, the mechanisms that underlie this polarization need to be further investigated. IL-10 has been described to promote macrophage polarization, so we investigated the involvement of this cytokine in macrophages stimulated with extracellular DnaK. IL-10 was required to induce the expression of M2 markers - Ym1 and Fizz, when macrophages were treated with DnaK. Blockade of IL-10R also impaired DnaK induced polarization, demonstrating the requirement of the IL-10/IL-10R signaling pathway in this polarization. DnaK was able to induce TGF-β mRNA in treated macrophages in an IL-10 dependent manner. However, protein TGF-β could not be detected in culture supernatants. Finally, using an in vivo allogeneic melanoma model, we observed that DnaK-treated macrophages can promote tumor growth in an IL-10-dependent manner. Our results indicate that the IL-10/IL-10R axis is required for DnaK-induced M2-like polarization in murine macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael L Lopes
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90680-001, Brazil
| | - Thiago J Borges
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90680-001, Brazil
| | - Rafael F Zanin
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Unilassale, Canoas, RS 92010-000, Brazil
| | - Cristina Bonorino
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90680-001, Brazil.
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Pileggi GS, Clemencio AD, Malardo T, Antonini SR, Bonato VLD, Rios WM, Silva CL. New strategy for testing efficacy of immunotherapeutic compounds for diabetes in vitro. BMC Biotechnol 2016; 16:40. [PMID: 27165305 PMCID: PMC4862051 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-016-0270-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The valuable role of immunotherapy in treating autoimmune diseases is increasingly recognized by those involved in the research and clinical application of new biopharmaceuticals products. However, many aspects related to the mechanisms of immune-modulated therapies remain to be elucidated in order to explore fully the emerging opportunities. The non-obese diabetic NOD mouse develops insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus spontaneously as a consequence of an autoimmune process in the presence of pathogenic CD4+ T cells that typically exhibit Th17 cell phenotypes. The change of a Th17 phenotype into a pattern of regulatory T cells (Treg) is extremely important in controlling autoimmune diseases. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are stress-induced proteins with immunoregulatory properties. In the current study, the capacity of Hsp65 and Hsp70 mycobacterial HSPs and a constructed DNA encoded Hsp65 (DNAhsp65) to transform the pattern of the immune response from Th17 into Treg cells has been studied in vitro using co-cultures of antigen presenting cells (APCs) and T cells in NOD mice. Results Cells harvested from NOD mice and cultured for 48 h (without immunoregulatory compounds) presented with Th1/Th17 patterns and secretions of IL-6, IFN-γ, IL-10 and IL-17 cytokines. The cultured cells from the non-diabetic BALB/C mice exhibited a Th1 pattern and the production of IL 6 and IFN-γ secretions. An up-regulation was observed in the supernatants from the co-cultures of NOD cells that were stimulated with DNAhsp65, Hsp65 or Hsp70 through increased levels of IL-10 secretion and the suppression of IL-6, IFN-γ and IL-17 production. In addition, immunoregulation was demonstrated through IL-17 suppression in the co-culture stimulated by the specific insulin antigen. Moreover, an increase of immunoregulatory compounds were observed in the co-culture through the expression of CD11b+CD86+ activation markers on APCs, as well as the frequency of Treg cells expressing CD4+CD3+ and CD4+CD25hi. Conclusions The in vitro observation of Th17 cells differentiating into Tregs in NOD mice could raise the hypothesis that the immune regulatory activity of HSPs could be an efficient strategy for diabetes prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gecilmara Salviato Pileggi
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 7 Floor, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Aline Dayana Clemencio
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 7 Floor, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago Malardo
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Sonir R Antonini
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 7 Floor, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Vania Luiza Deperon Bonato
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Wendy Martin Rios
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Celio L Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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16
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Borges PV, Moret KH, Maya-Monteiro CM, Souza-Silva F, Alves CR, Batista PR, Caffarena ER, Pacheco P, Henriques MDG, Penido C. Gedunin Binds to Myeloid Differentiation Protein 2 and Impairs Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Toll-Like Receptor 4 Signaling in Macrophages. Mol Pharmacol 2015; 88:949-61. [PMID: 26330549 DOI: 10.1124/mol.115.098970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recognition of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by innate immune system is mediated by the cluster of differentiation 14/Toll-like receptor 4/myeloid differentiation protein 2 (MD-2) complex. In this study, we investigated the modulatory effect of gedunin, a limonoid from species of the Meliaceae family described as a heat shock protein Hsp90 inhibitor, on LPS-induced response in immortalized murine macrophages. The pretreatment of wild-type (WT) macrophages with gedunin (0.01-100 µM, noncytotoxic concentrations) inhibited LPS (50 ng/ml)-induced calcium influx, tumor necrosis factor-α, and nitric oxide production in a concentration-dependent manner. The selective effect of gedunin on MyD88-adapter-like/myeloid differentiation primary response 88- and TRIF-related adaptor molecule/TIR domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β-dependent signaling pathways was further investigated. The pretreatment of WT, TIR domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β knockout, and MyD88 adapter-like knockout macrophages with gedunin (10 µM) significantly inhibited LPS (50 ng/ml)-induced tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 production, at 6 hours and 24 hours, suggesting that gedunin modulates a common event between both signaling pathways. Furthermore, gedunin (10 µM) inhibited LPS-induced prostaglandin E2 production, cyclooxygenase-2 expression, and nuclear factor κB translocation into the nucleus of WT macrophages, demonstrating a wide-range effect of this chemical compound. In addition to the ability to inhibit LPS-induced proinflammatory mediators, gedunin also triggered anti-inflammatory factors interleukin-10, heme oxygenase-1, and Hsp70 in macrophages stimulated or not with LPS. In silico modeling studies revealed that gedunin efficiently docked into the MD-2 LPS binding site, a phenomenon further confirmed by surface plasmon resonance. Our results reveal that, in addition to Hsp90 modulation, gedunin acts as a competitive inhibitor of LPS, blocking the formation of the Toll-like receptor 4/MD-2/LPS complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perla Villani Borges
- Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Institute of Drug Technology (P.V.B., K.H.M., P.P., M.d.G.H., C.P.), Computational Science Program, Computational Biophysics and Molecular Modeling Group (P.R.B.; E.R.C.), and Center for Technological Development in Health (M.G.H., C.P.), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and Laborator of Immunopharmacology (C.M.M.-M.) and Molecular Biology and Endemic Diseases (F.S.S., C.R.A.), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Katelim Hottz Moret
- Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Institute of Drug Technology (P.V.B., K.H.M., P.P., M.d.G.H., C.P.), Computational Science Program, Computational Biophysics and Molecular Modeling Group (P.R.B.; E.R.C.), and Center for Technological Development in Health (M.G.H., C.P.), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and Laborator of Immunopharmacology (C.M.M.-M.) and Molecular Biology and Endemic Diseases (F.S.S., C.R.A.), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Menezes Maya-Monteiro
- Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Institute of Drug Technology (P.V.B., K.H.M., P.P., M.d.G.H., C.P.), Computational Science Program, Computational Biophysics and Molecular Modeling Group (P.R.B.; E.R.C.), and Center for Technological Development in Health (M.G.H., C.P.), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and Laborator of Immunopharmacology (C.M.M.-M.) and Molecular Biology and Endemic Diseases (F.S.S., C.R.A.), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Franklin Souza-Silva
- Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Institute of Drug Technology (P.V.B., K.H.M., P.P., M.d.G.H., C.P.), Computational Science Program, Computational Biophysics and Molecular Modeling Group (P.R.B.; E.R.C.), and Center for Technological Development in Health (M.G.H., C.P.), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and Laborator of Immunopharmacology (C.M.M.-M.) and Molecular Biology and Endemic Diseases (F.S.S., C.R.A.), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos Roberto Alves
- Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Institute of Drug Technology (P.V.B., K.H.M., P.P., M.d.G.H., C.P.), Computational Science Program, Computational Biophysics and Molecular Modeling Group (P.R.B.; E.R.C.), and Center for Technological Development in Health (M.G.H., C.P.), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and Laborator of Immunopharmacology (C.M.M.-M.) and Molecular Biology and Endemic Diseases (F.S.S., C.R.A.), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo Ricardo Batista
- Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Institute of Drug Technology (P.V.B., K.H.M., P.P., M.d.G.H., C.P.), Computational Science Program, Computational Biophysics and Molecular Modeling Group (P.R.B.; E.R.C.), and Center for Technological Development in Health (M.G.H., C.P.), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and Laborator of Immunopharmacology (C.M.M.-M.) and Molecular Biology and Endemic Diseases (F.S.S., C.R.A.), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ernesto Raúl Caffarena
- Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Institute of Drug Technology (P.V.B., K.H.M., P.P., M.d.G.H., C.P.), Computational Science Program, Computational Biophysics and Molecular Modeling Group (P.R.B.; E.R.C.), and Center for Technological Development in Health (M.G.H., C.P.), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and Laborator of Immunopharmacology (C.M.M.-M.) and Molecular Biology and Endemic Diseases (F.S.S., C.R.A.), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Pacheco
- Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Institute of Drug Technology (P.V.B., K.H.M., P.P., M.d.G.H., C.P.), Computational Science Program, Computational Biophysics and Molecular Modeling Group (P.R.B.; E.R.C.), and Center for Technological Development in Health (M.G.H., C.P.), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and Laborator of Immunopharmacology (C.M.M.-M.) and Molecular Biology and Endemic Diseases (F.S.S., C.R.A.), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria das Graças Henriques
- Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Institute of Drug Technology (P.V.B., K.H.M., P.P., M.d.G.H., C.P.), Computational Science Program, Computational Biophysics and Molecular Modeling Group (P.R.B.; E.R.C.), and Center for Technological Development in Health (M.G.H., C.P.), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and Laborator of Immunopharmacology (C.M.M.-M.) and Molecular Biology and Endemic Diseases (F.S.S., C.R.A.), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carmen Penido
- Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Institute of Drug Technology (P.V.B., K.H.M., P.P., M.d.G.H., C.P.), Computational Science Program, Computational Biophysics and Molecular Modeling Group (P.R.B.; E.R.C.), and Center for Technological Development in Health (M.G.H., C.P.), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and Laborator of Immunopharmacology (C.M.M.-M.) and Molecular Biology and Endemic Diseases (F.S.S., C.R.A.), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Brauns T, Leblanc P, Gelfand JA, Poznanski M. Could mycobacterial Hsp70-containing fusion protein lead the way to an affordable therapeutic cancer vaccine? Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 14:435-46. [PMID: 25496347 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2015.979797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer vaccine development efforts have recently gained momentum, but most vaccines showing clinical impact in human trials tend to be based on technology approaches that are very costly and difficult to produce at scale. With the projected doubling of the incidence of cancer and its related cost of care in the U.S. over the next two decades, the widespread clinical use of such vaccines will prove difficult to justify. Heat shock protein-based vaccines have shown the potential to elicit clinically meaningful immunologic responses in cancer, but the predominant development approach - heat shock protein-peptide complexes derived from a patient's own tumor - face similar challenges of cost and scalability. New innovative modalities for deploying heat shock proteins in cancer vaccines may open the door to vaccines that can generate potent cytotoxic responses against multiple tumor targets and can be made in a cost-effective and scalable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Brauns
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital - Medicine/Infectious Diseases, 149 13th Street, Mailstop 149-5-5246, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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18
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Lopes RL, Borges TJ, Araújo JF, Pinho NG, Bergamin LS, Battastini AMO, Muraro SP, Souza APD, Zanin RF, Bonorino C. Extracellular mycobacterial DnaK polarizes macrophages to the M2-like phenotype. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113441. [PMID: 25419575 PMCID: PMC4242626 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are myeloid cells that play an essential role in inflammation and host defense, regulating immune responses and maintaining tissue homeostasis. Depending on the microenvironment, macrophages can polarize to two distinct phenotypes. The M1 phenotype is activated by IFN-γ and bacterial products, and displays an inflammatory profile, while M2 macrophages are activated by IL-4 and tend to be anti-inflammatory or immunosupressive. It was observed that DnaK from Mycobacterium tuberculosis has immunosuppressive properties, inducing a tolerogenic phenotype in dendritic cells and MDSCs, contributing to graft acceptance and tumor growth. However, its role in macrophage polarization remains to be elucidated. We asked whether DnaK was able to modulate macrophage phenotype. Murine macrophages, derived from bone marrow, or from the peritoneum, were incubated with DnaK and their phenotype compared to M1 or M2 polarized macrophages. Treatment with DnaK leads macrophages to present higher arginase I activity, IL-10 production and FIZZ1 and Ym1 expression. Furthermore, DnaK increased surface levels of CD206. Importantly, DnaK-treated macrophages were able to promote tumor growth in an allogeneic melanoma model. Our results suggest that DnaK polarizes macrophages to the M2-like phenotype and could constitute a virulence factor and is an important immunomodulator of macrophage responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael L Lopes
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Biosciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Thiago J Borges
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Biosciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jessica F Araújo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Biosciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Nathana G Pinho
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Letícia S Bergamin
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria O Battastini
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Stéfanie P Muraro
- School of Pharmacy and Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula D Souza
- School of Pharmacy and Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rafael F Zanin
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Biosciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cristina Bonorino
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Biosciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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19
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Talla V, Porciatti V, Chiodo V, Boye SL, Hauswirth WW, Guy J. Gene therapy with mitochondrial heat shock protein 70 suppresses visual loss and optic atrophy in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2014; 55:5214-26. [PMID: 25015358 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.14-14688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To rescue visual loss and optic neuropathy in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). METHODS Encephalomyelitis was induced in mice that received intravitreal injections of AAV2-mtHSP70Flag or AAV2-Cox8-mCherry. Additional mice were injected with AAV2-Cox8-mCherry, but not sensitized for EAE. Visual function was assessed by pattern electroretinograms (PERG) at 1, 3, and 6 months post injection (MPI). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) evaluated the thickness of the inner plexiform layer + nerve fiber layers at 1, 3, and 6 MPI. Retinas and optic nerves (ONs) of mice euthanized 6 MPI were processed for light and electron microscopy. Expression of mtHSP70Flag in the retina and ONs was evaluated by RT-PCR, immunofluorescence, and Western blotting. The activities of respiratory complexes I and III, as well as mitochondrial protein import were quantitated. RESULTS Expression: immunofluorescence revealed punctate and perinuclear expression of mtHSP70Flag that colocalized with mitochondrial porin in thy1.2 labeled retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Immunoblotting and RT-PCR confirmed mtHSP70Flag expression in the retina and ON. Rescue: treatment with mtHSP70Flag resulted in a 44% increase in PERG amplitude and less delays in latency relative to the EAE-mCherry group that also showed progressive inner retinal thinning. At 6 MPI, the almost 50% loss of RGCs and optic nerve axons in EAE mice was suppressed by mtHSP70Flag. In addition, retinas of EAE-mtHSP70Flag mice showed nearly complete rescue of complex I and III activities that was reduced by one-third in the EAE-mCherry retinas. Lastly, reductions in import of COX8-mCherry into mitochondria of mice sensitized for EAE improved by 30% with mtHSP70Flag gene therapy. CONCLUSIONS Mitochondrial HSP70 ameliorates mitochondrial dysfunction that culminates in irreversible visual loss and atrophy of the optic nerve in EAE suggesting that it may be useful to prevent irreversible disability in patients with optic neuritis and multiple sclerosis (MS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Venu Talla
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Vittorio Porciatti
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Vince Chiodo
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Sanford L Boye
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - William W Hauswirth
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - John Guy
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
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Junqueira-Kipnis AP, Marques Neto LM, Kipnis A. Role of Fused Mycobacterium tuberculosis Immunogens and Adjuvants in Modern Tuberculosis Vaccines. Front Immunol 2014; 5:188. [PMID: 24795730 PMCID: PMC4005953 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several approaches have been developed to improve or replace the only available vaccine for tuberculosis (TB), BCG (Bacille Calmette Guerin). The development of subunit protein vaccines is a promising strategy because it combines specificity and safety. In addition, subunit protein vaccines can be designed to have selected immune epitopes associated with immunomodulating components to drive the appropriate immune response. However, the limited antigens present in subunit vaccines reduce their capacity to stimulate a complete immune response compared with vaccines composed of live attenuated or killed microorganisms. This deficiency can be compensated by the incorporation of adjuvants in the vaccine formulation. The fusion of adjuvants with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) proteins or immune epitopes has the potential to become the new frontier in the TB vaccine development field. Researchers have addressed this approach by fusing the immune epitopes of their vaccines with molecules such as interleukins, lipids, lipoproteins, and immune stimulatory peptides, which have the potential to enhance the immune response. The fused molecules are being tested as subunit vaccines alone or within live attenuated vector contexts. Therefore, the objectives of this review are to discuss the association of Mtb fusion proteins with adjuvants; Mtb immunogens fused with adjuvants; and cytokine fusion with Mtb proteins and live recombinant vectors expressing cytokines. The incorporation of adjuvant molecules in a vaccine can be complex, and developing a stable fusion with proteins is a challenging task. Overall, the fusion of adjuvants with Mtb epitopes, despite the limited number of studies, is a promising field in vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Junqueira-Kipnis
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, Pathology and Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás , Goiânia , Brazil
| | - Lázaro Moreira Marques Neto
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, Pathology and Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás , Goiânia , Brazil
| | - André Kipnis
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, Pathology and Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás , Goiânia , Brazil
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Péchiné S, Hennequin C, Boursier C, Hoys S, Collignon A. Immunization using GroEL decreases Clostridium difficile intestinal colonization. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81112. [PMID: 24303034 PMCID: PMC3841151 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium difficile is a pathogen which is responsible for diarrhea and colitis, particularly after treatment with antibiotics. Clinical signs are mainly due to two toxins, TcdA and TcdB. However, the first step of pathogenesis is the colonization process. We evaluated C. difficile surface proteins as vaccine antigens in the hamster model to prevent intestinal colonization. This vaccination induced a partial protection of hamsters against death after a C. difficile challenge. A proteomic analysis of animal sera allowed us to identify proteins which could be responsible for the protection observed. Among these proteins, we identified the GroEL heat shock protein. To confirm the role of the specific GroEL antibodies in the delayed C. difficile colonization of hamsters, we performed an immunization assay in a mouse model. After intranasal immunization with the recombinant protein GroEL, we observed a lower C. difficile intestinal colonization in the immunized group as compared to the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Péchiné
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, Equipe d’Accueil 4043, Unité Sous Contrat Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Châtenay-Malabry, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Claire Hennequin
- Clermont Université, Unité Mixte de Recherche Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome Environnement, Université d’Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Céline Boursier
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, plate-forme TransProt, Institut Paris-Sud d'innovation thérapeutique, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Sandra Hoys
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, Equipe d’Accueil 4043, Unité Sous Contrat Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Anne Collignon
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, Equipe d’Accueil 4043, Unité Sous Contrat Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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Lambrecht S, Juchtmans N, Elewaut D. Heat-shock proteins in stromal joint tissues: innocent bystanders or disease-initiating proteins? Rheumatology (Oxford) 2013; 53:223-32. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ket277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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23
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Spiering R, van der Zee R, Wagenaar J, van Eden W, Broere F. Mycobacterial and mouse HSP70 have immuno-modulatory effects on dendritic cells. Cell Stress Chaperones 2013; 18:439-46. [PMID: 23269491 PMCID: PMC3682017 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-012-0397-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Revised: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, it has been shown that heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) can prevent inflammatory damage in experimental autoimmune disease models. Various possible underlying working mechanisms have been proposed. One possibility is that HSP70 induces a tolerogenic phenotype in dendritic cells (DCs) as a result of the direct interaction of the antigen with the DC. Tolerogenic DCs can induce antigen-specific regulatory T cells and dampen pathogenic T cell responses. We show that treatment of murine DCs with either mycobacterial (Mt) or mouse HSP70 and pulsed with the disease-inducing antigen induced suppression of proteoglycan-induced arthritis (PGIA), although mouse HSP70-treated DCs could ameliorate PGIA to a greater extent. In addition, while murine DCs treated with Mt- or mouse HSP70 had no significantly altered phenotype as compared to untreated DCs, HSP70-treated DCs pulsed with pOVA (ovalbumin peptide 323-339) induced a significantly increased production of IL-10 in pOVA-specific T cells. IL-10-producing T cells were earlier shown to be involved in Mt HSP70-induced suppression of PGIA. In conclusion, this study indicates that Mt- and mouse HSP70-treated BMDC can suppress PGIA via an IL-10-producing T cell-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Spiering
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R. van der Zee
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J. Wagenaar
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - W. van Eden
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - F. Broere
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Borges TJ, Lopes RL, Pinho NG, Machado FD, Souza APD, Bonorino C. Extracellular Hsp70 inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokine production by IL-10 driven down-regulation of C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ. Int J Hyperthermia 2013; 29:455-63. [PMID: 23808579 DOI: 10.3109/02656736.2013.798037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Extracellular Hsp70 has anti-inflammatory potential, demonstrated in different models of inflammatory diseases. We investigated probable mechanisms used by Hsp70 to down-regulate pro-inflammatory cytokines. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analysed cytokine mRNA levels in bone marrow-derived murine dendritic cells treated with Hsp70, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and peptidoglycan (PGN) or OVA (an irrelevant protein control), hypothesising that this was mediated by C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ transcription factors. We also tested the involvement of TLR2, IL-10, ERK and STAT3, using genetically deficient mice and pharmacological inhibitors. RESULTS C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ levels were inhibited in bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) treated with Hsp70, and that correlated with inhibition of TNF-α, IFN-γ and MCP-1. Such inhibition was not observed in TLR2 or IL-10 knockout mice, and was also abrogated upon pretreatment of cells with ERK and JAK2/STAT3 inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ transcription factors are inhibited by Hsp70 treatment, and their inhibition occurs via the TLR2-ERK-STAT3-IL-10 pathway in BMDCs, mediating the anti-inflammatory effects of Hsp70.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago J Borges
- School of Biosciences and Biomedical Research Institute, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul , Av. Ipiranga, 6690, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil
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25
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The immunosuppressive activity of heat shock protein 70. Autoimmune Dis 2012; 2012:617213. [PMID: 23326648 PMCID: PMC3533589 DOI: 10.1155/2012/617213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) has previously been described as a potent antitumour vaccine. The mechanism relied on the ability of tumour derived HSP70 to associate with antigenic peptides, which, when cross presented, elicited a T cell mediated antitumour response. Subsequently, HSP70 was incorrectly described as a potent adjuvant of innate immunity, and although mistakes in the experimental approaches were exposed and associated with endotoxin contamination in the recombinant HSP70 specimen, questions still remain regarding this matter. Here we review only publications that have cautiously addressed the endotoxin contamination problem in HSP70 in order to reveal the real immunological function of the protein. Accordingly, “endotoxin free” HSP70 stimulates macrophages and delivers antigenic peptides to APCs, which effectively prime T cells mediating an antitumour reaction. Conversely, HSP70 has potent anti-inflammatory functions as follows: regulating T cell responses, reducing stimulatory capacity of DCs, and inducing development of immunosuppressive regulatory T cells. These activities were further associated with the immune evasive mechanism of tumours and implicated in the modulation of immune reactivity in autoimmune diseases and transplant-related clinical conditions. Consequently, the role of HSP70 in immune regulation is newly emerging and contrary to what was previously anticipated.
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26
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Spiering R, van der Zee R, Wagenaar J, Kapetis D, Zolezzi F, van Eden W, Broere F. Tolerogenic dendritic cells that inhibit autoimmune arthritis can be induced by a combination of carvacrol and thermal stress. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46336. [PMID: 23050016 PMCID: PMC3457998 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tolerogenic dendritic cells (DCs) can induce regulatory T cells and dampen pathogenic T cell responses. Therefore, they are possible therapeutic targets in autoimmune diseases. In this study we investigated whether mouse tolerogenic DCs are induced by the phytonutrient carvacrol, a molecule with known anti-inflammatory properties, in combination with a physiological stress. We show that treatment of DCs with carvacrol and thermal stress led to the mRNA expression of both pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators. Interestingly, treated DCs with this mixed gene expression profile had a reduced ability to activate pro-inflammatory T cells. Furthermore, these DCs increased the proportion of FoxP3+ regulatory T cells. In vivo, prophylactic injection of carvacrol-thermal stress treated DCs pulsed with the disease inducing antigen was able to suppress disease in a mouse model of arthritis. These findings suggest that treatment of mouse bone marrow derived DCs with carvacrol and thermal stress induce a functionally tolerogenic DC that can suppress autoimmune arthritis. Herewith carvacrol seems to offer novel opportunities for the development of a dietary based intervention in chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Spiering
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ruurd van der Zee
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Josée Wagenaar
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dimos Kapetis
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, Genopolis, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Zolezzi
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, Genopolis, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Willem van Eden
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Femke Broere
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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27
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Borges TJ, Wieten L, van Herwijnen MJC, Broere F, van der Zee R, Bonorino C, van Eden W. The anti-inflammatory mechanisms of Hsp70. Front Immunol 2012; 3:95. [PMID: 22566973 PMCID: PMC3343630 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune responses to heat shock proteins (Hsp) develop in virtually all inflammatory diseases; however, the significance of such responses is only now becoming clear. In experimental disease models, Hsp administration can prevent or arrest inflammatory damage, and in initial clinical trials in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases, Hsp peptides have been shown to promote the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines, indicating immunoregulatory potential of Hsp. Therefore, the presence of immune responses to Hsp in inflammatory diseases can be seen as an attempt of the immune system to correct the inflammatory condition. Hsp70 can modulate inflammatory responses in models of arthritis, colitis and graft rejection, and the mechanisms underlying this effect are now being elucidated. Incubation with microbial Hsp70 was seen to induce tolerogenic dendritic cells (DCs) and to promote a suppressive phenotype in myeloid-derived suppressor cells and monocytes. These DC could induce regulatory T cells (Tregs), independently of the antigens they presented. Some Hsp70 family members are associated with autophagy, leading to a preferential uploading of Hsp70 peptides in MHC class II molecules of stressed cells. Henceforth, conserved Hsp70 peptides may be presented in these situations and constitute targets of Tregs, contributing to downregulation of inflammation. Finally, an interfering effect in multiple intracellular inflammatory signaling pathways is also known for Hsp70. Altogether it seems attractive to use Hsp70, or its derivative peptides, for modulation of inflammation. This is a physiological immunotherapy approach, without the immediate necessity of defining disease-specific auto-antigens. In this article, we present the evidence on anti-inflammatory effects of Hsp70 and discuss the need for experiments that will be crucial for the further exploration of the immunosuppressive potential of this protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago J Borges
- Faculdade de Biociências e Instituto de Pesquisas Biomédicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Brownell I, Ramírez-Valle F, Sanchez M, Prystowsky S. Evidence for mycobacteria in sarcoidosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2011; 45:899-905. [PMID: 21659662 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2010-0433tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite its recognition as a distinct granulomatous disease for over a century, the etiology of sarcoidosis remains to be defined. Since the early 1900s, infectious agents have been suspected in causing sarcoidosis. For much of this time, mycobacteria were considered a likely culprit, yet until recently, the supporting evidence has been tenuous at best. In this review, we evaluate the reported association between mycobacteria and sarcoidosis. Historically, mycobacterial infection has been investigated using histologic stains, cultures of lesional tissue or blood, and identification of bacterial nucleic acids or bacterial antigens. More recently, advances in biochemical, molecular, and immunological methods have produced a more rigorous analysis of the antigenic drivers of sarcoidosis. The result of these efforts indicates that mycobacterial products likely play a role in at least a subset of sarcoidosis cases. This information, coupled with a better understanding of genetic susceptibility to this complex disease, has therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Brownell
- Dermatology Branch, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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29
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Borges TJ, Porto BN, Teixeira CA, Rodrigues M, Machado FD, Ornaghi AP, de Souza APD, Maito F, Pavanelli WR, Silva JS, Bonorino C. Prolonged survival of allografts induced by mycobacterial Hsp70 is dependent on CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells. PLoS One 2010; 5:e14264. [PMID: 21170379 PMCID: PMC2999527 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2010] [Accepted: 11/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are stress induced proteins with immunomodulatory properties. The Hsp70 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TBHsp70) has been shown to have an anti-inflammatory role on rodent autoimmune arthritis models, and the protective effects were demonstrated to be dependent on interleukin-10 (IL-10). We have previously observed that TBHsp70 inhibited maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) and induced IL-10 production by these cells, as well as in synovial fluid cells. Methodology/Principal Findings We investigated if TBHsp70 could inhibit allograft rejection in two murine allograft systems, a transplanted allogeneic melanoma and a regular skin allograft. In both systems, treatment with TBHsp70 significantly inhibited rejection of the graft, and correlated with regulatory T cells (Tregs) recruitment. This effect was not tumor mediated because injection of TBHsp70 in tumor-free mice induced an increase of Tregs in the draining lymph nodes as well as inhibition of proliferation of lymph node T cells and an increase in IL-10 production. Finally, TBHsp70 inhibited skin allograft acute rejection, and depletion of Tregs using a monoclonal antibody completely abolished this effect. Conclusions/Significance We present the first evidence for an immunosuppressive role for this protein in a graft rejection system, using an innovative approach – immersion of the graft tissue in TBHsp70 solution instead of protein injection. Also, this is the first study that demonstrates dependence on Treg cells for the immunosuppressive role of TBHsp70. This finding is relevant for the elucidation of the immunomodulatory mechanism of TBHsp70. We propose that this protein can be used not only for chronic inflammatory diseases, but is also useful for organ transplantation management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago J. Borges
- Faculdade de Biociências e Instituto de Pesquisas Biomédicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Bárbara N. Porto
- Faculdade de Biociências e Instituto de Pesquisas Biomédicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - César A. Teixeira
- Faculdade de Biociências e Instituto de Pesquisas Biomédicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marcelle Rodrigues
- Faculdade de Biociências e Instituto de Pesquisas Biomédicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Felipe D. Machado
- Faculdade de Biociências e Instituto de Pesquisas Biomédicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Ornaghi
- Faculdade de Biociências e Instituto de Pesquisas Biomédicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula D. de Souza
- Faculdade de Biociências e Instituto de Pesquisas Biomédicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fabio Maito
- Faculdade de Biociências e Instituto de Pesquisas Biomédicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Wander R. Pavanelli
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - João S. Silva
- Departamento de Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Cristina Bonorino
- Faculdade de Biociências e Instituto de Pesquisas Biomédicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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30
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Sinha K, Bhatnagar R. GroEL provides protection against Bacillus anthracis infection in BALB/c mice. Mol Immunol 2010; 48:264-71. [PMID: 20832865 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2010.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2010] [Revised: 08/06/2010] [Accepted: 08/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (Hsps) of the HSP60 and HSP70 family are highly conserved and essential to all living organisms. Hsps are immunodominant in numerous microbial infections and have been investigated for their vaccine potential. We investigated the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of GroEL and DnaK of B. anthracis in murine model. Both Hsps were found to be highly immunogenic with mixed antibody response (both IgG1 and IgG2a), indicating stimulation of both humoral and cell-mediated immunity. Cytokine profile also confirmed robust T-cell response with increase in lymphocyte proliferation. Immunization with GroEL conferred 100% protection to mice against B. anthracis infection whereas DnaK couldn't provide protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Sinha
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.
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31
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Dubaniewicz A. Mycobacterium tuberculosis heat shock proteins and autoimmunity in sarcoidosis. Autoimmun Rev 2010; 9:419-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2009.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2009] [Accepted: 11/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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32
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Smith KJ, Twal WO, Soodavar F, Virella G, Lopes-Virella MF, Hammad SM. Heat shock protein 70B' (HSP70B') expression and release in response to human oxidized low density lipoprotein immune complexes in macrophages. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:15985-93. [PMID: 20348092 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.113605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) have been implicated in the activation and survival of macrophages. This study examined the role of HSP70B', a poorly characterized member of the HSP70 family, in response to oxidatively modified LDL (oxLDL) and immune complexes prepared with human oxLDL and purified human antibodies to oxLDL (oxLDL-IC) in monocytic and macrophage cell lines. Immunoblot analysis of cell lysates and conditioned medium from U937 cells treated with oxLDL alone revealed an increase in intracellular HSP70B' protein levels accompanied by a concomitant increase in HSP70B' extracellular levels. Fluorescence immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy, however, demonstrated that oxLDL-IC stimulated the release of HSP70B', which co-localized with cell-associated oxLDL-IC. In HSP70B'-green fluorescent protein-transfected mouse RAW 264.7 cells, oxLDL-IC-induced HSP70B' co-localized with membrane-associated oxLDL-IC as well as the lipid moiety of internalized oxLDL-IC. Furthermore, the data demonstrated that HSP70B' is involved in cell survival, and this effect could be mediated by sphingosine kinase 1 (SK1) activation. An examination of regularly implicated cytokines revealed a significant relationship between HSP70B' and the release of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10). Small interfering RNA knockdown of HSP70B' resulted in a corresponding decrease in SK1 mRNA levels and SK1 phosphorylation as well as increased release of IL-10. In conclusion, these findings suggest that oxLDL-IC induce the synthesis and release of HSP70B', and once stimulated, HSP70B' binds to the cell-associated and internalized lipid moiety of oxLDL-IC. The data also implicate HSP70B' in key cellular functions, such as regulation of SK1 activity and release of IL-10, which influence macrophage activation and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kent J Smith
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA
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Bottoni P, Giardina B, Scatena R. Proteomic profiling of heat shock proteins: An emerging molecular approach with direct pathophysiological and clinical implications. Proteomics Clin Appl 2009; 3:636-53. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.200800195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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34
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Chaiworapongsa T, Erez O, Kusanovic JP, Vaisbuch E, Mazaki-Tovi S, Gotsch F, Than NG, Mittal P, Kim YM, Camacho N, Edwin S, Gomez R, Hassan SS, Romero R. Amniotic fluid heat shock protein 70 concentration in histologic chorioamnionitis, term and preterm parturition. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2008; 21:449-61. [PMID: 18570125 DOI: 10.1080/14767050802054550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Heat shock protein (HSP) 70, a conserved member of the stress protein family, is produced in almost all cell types in response to a wide range of stressful stimuli, and its production has a survival value. Evidence suggests that extracellular HSP70 is involved in the activation of the innate and adaptive immune response. Furthermore, increased mRNA expression of HSP70 has been observed in human fetal membranes following endotoxin stimulation. This study was conducted to determine the changes in amniotic fluid HSP70 concentrations during pregnancy, term and preterm parturition, intra-amniotic infection (IAI), and histologic chorioamnionitis. STUDY DESIGN A cross-sectional study was conducted in 376 pregnant women in the following groups: (1) women with a normal pregnancy who were classified into the following categories: (a) women in the mid-trimester (14-18 weeks) who underwent amniocentesis for genetic indications and delivered normal infants at term (n=72); (b) women at term not in labor (n = 23); and (c) those at term in labor (n = 48). (2) Women with spontaneous preterm labor and intact membranes who were subdivided into the following categories: (a) preterm labor who delivered at term without IAI (n = 42); (b) preterm labor who delivered preterm without IAI (n = 57); and (c) preterm labor and delivery with IAI (n = 30). (3) Women with preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PROM) with (n = 50) and without (n = 54) IAI. Among patients with preterm labor with intact membranes and preterm PROM who delivered within 72 hours of amniocentesis, placenta, umbilical cord, and chorioamniotic membranes were collected and assessed for the presence or absence of acute inflammatory lesions in the extraplacental membranes (histologic chorioamnionitis) and/or umbilical cords (funisitis). HSP70 concentrations in amniotic fluid were determined using a sensitive and specific immunoassay. Non-parametric statistics were used for analysis. A p value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Immunoreactive HSP70 was detected in 88% (332/376) of amniotic fluid samples. The median amniotic fluid HSP70 concentration was significantly higher in women at term without labor than in those in the mid-trimester (term no labor: median 34.9 ng/mL, range 0-78.1 ng/mL vs. mid-trimester; median 6.6 ng/mL, range 0-20.8 ng/mL; p<0.001). Among patients with spontaneous preterm labor and preterm PROM, those with IAI had a significantly higher median amniotic fluid HSP70 concentration than those without IAI (preterm labor with IAI: median 82.9 ng/mL, range 0-500 ng/mL vs. preterm labor without IAI: median 41.7 ng/mL, range 0-244 ng/mL; p = 0.001; preterm PROM with IAI: median 86.5 ng/mL, range 0-428 ng/mL vs. preterm PROM without IAI: median 55.9 ng/mL, range 14.9-299.9 ng/mL; p = 0.007). There was no significant difference in the median amniotic fluid HSP70 concentration between patients with preterm labor who delivered preterm without IAI and those who delivered at term (p = 0.6). However, among patients with preterm labor without IAI, there was an inverse relationship between amniotic fluid concentration of HSP70 and the amniocentesis-to-spontaneous delivery interval (Spearman's Rho = -0.26; p = 0.02). Patients with histologic chorioamnionitis/funisitis had a significantly higher median amniotic fluid HSP70 concentration than those without inflammation (inflammation: median 108.7 ng/mL, range 0-500 ng/mL vs. without inflammation: median 67.9 ng/mL, range 7.1-299.9 ng/mL; p = 0.02). Women at term in labor had a median amniotic fluid concentration of HSP70 significantly higher than those not in labor (term in labor: median 60.7 ng/mL, range 0-359.9 ng/mL vs. term not in labor: median 34.9 ng/mL, range 0-78.1 ng/mL; p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Intra-amniotic infection, histologic chorioamnionitis, and term parturition are associated with elevated amniotic fluid HSP70 concentrations. HSP70 plays a role in the host defense mechanism by activating the innate arm of the immune response in women with intrauterine infection. The mechanisms of preterm and term parturition in humans may involve extracellular HSP70.
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Luo X, Zuo X, Zhou Y, Zhang B, Shi Y, Liu M, Wang K, McMillian DR, Xiao X. Extracellular heat shock protein 70 inhibits tumour necrosis factor-alpha induced proinflammatory mediator production in fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Arthritis Res Ther 2008; 10:R41. [PMID: 18410682 PMCID: PMC2453760 DOI: 10.1186/ar2399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2007] [Revised: 02/27/2008] [Accepted: 04/14/2008] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction It was recently suggested that heat shock protein (HSP)70, an intracellular protein, is a potential mediator of inflammatory disease when it is released into the extracellular compartment. Although elevated HSP70 levels have been identified in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial tissues and RA synovial fluid compared with patients with osteoarthritis and healthy individuals, it remains unclear what role extracellular HSP70 plays in the pathogenesis of RA. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of extracellular HSP70 on the production of RA-associated cytokines in fibroblast-like synoviocytes from patients with RA and to elucidate the mechanisms involved. Methods IL-6, IL-8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 levels in culture supernatants were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), such as extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (ERKs), c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 MAPK, was detected using Western blotting. Nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and degradation of the inhibitory protein IκBα were examined using immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Results Human HSP70 downregulated IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1 production in RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes induced by tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α in a concentration dependent manner. HSP70 inhibited the activation of ERK, JNK and p38 MAPK in fibroblast-like synoviocytes stimulated by TNF-α. Furthermore, HSP70 also significantly inhibited nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB and degradation of IκBα induced by TNF-α. Conclusion Extracellular HSP70 has an anti-inflammatory effect on RA by downregulating production of IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1 in fibroblast-like synoviocytes, which is mediated through inhibited activation of the MAPKs and NF-κB signal pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjing Luo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.
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Dubaniewicz A, Trzonkowski P, Dubaniewicz-Wybieralska M, Dubaniewicz A, Singh M, Myśliwski A. Mycobacterial heat shock protein-induced blood T lymphocytes subsets and cytokine pattern: comparison of sarcoidosis with tuberculosis and healthy controls. Respirology 2007; 12:346-54. [PMID: 17539837 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2007.01076.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Sarcoidosis (SA) is a disorder of unknown aetiology. Mycobacterium tuberculosis heat shock proteins (Mtb-hsp) have been considered as causative agents of SA. The role of Mtb-hsp in the immune response in SA has not been investigated. METHODS Mtb-hsp-stimulated T-cell subsets and Th1/Th2 cytokine patterns in the supernatant from peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures from 22 SA patients, 20 tuberculosis (TB) patients and 20 healthy volunteers were compared using flow cytometry. RESULTS In unstimulated cultures, a significantly higher percentage of CD8(+)alphabeta(+)T-cells were present in SA versus controls. Similarly there was a significantly increased IL-6 and decreased IL-4 level in SA and significantly lower INF-gamma, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 production in TB versus controls. After Mtb-hsp stimulation, there was a significantly increased TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-10 and decreased INF-gamma, IL-2, IL-4 production in SA and significantly increased TNF-alpha, IL-6 concentrations in TB versus controls. CD8(+)gammadelta(+)IL-4(+)T-cells were detected significantly less often in Mtb-hsp-induced cultures in SA versus controls. Comparing SA versus TB, CD4(+)gammadelta(+)TCR-cells were significantly increased in Mtb-hsp-induced cultures in TB versus controls and SA. Before stimulation, significantly increased IL-6, IL-10 and decreased IL-4 level in SA versus TB was revealed, whereas Mtb-hsp stimulation caused significantly increased IL-10 and decreased IL-4 concentrations in SA. CONCLUSIONS After Mtb-hsp stimulation, increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-alpha and IL-6 were found in sera from SA and TB patients in comparison with healthy controls; SA patients demonstrated the lowest levels of IL-4 and the highest levels of IL-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Dubaniewicz
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
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Jamil B, Shahid F, Hasan Z, Nasir N, Razzaki T, Dawood G, Hussain R. Interferon gamma/IL10 ratio defines the disease severity in pulmonary and extra pulmonary tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2007; 87:279-87. [PMID: 17532265 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2007.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2006] [Revised: 03/21/2007] [Accepted: 03/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Several cytokines (IFN gamma, TNF alpha, IL10 and IL6) show an association with either disease localization or dissemination in tuberculosis. There are also reports of involvement of extra-pulmonary sites in tuberculosis with differential clinical severity. However, no comparative study of biomarkers across the disease severity spectrum is available. This was the purpose of the current study. Cytokines (IFN gamma, TNFalpha, IL10 and IL6) secreted in response to a panel of stimulants (PHA, LPS or mycobacterial antigens) in whole blood were determined in eighty-two tuberculosis patients. WHO criteria was applied for stratification of patients according to disease severity: disseminated and or severe disease (EPTB1; N=29); disease localized to lung parenchyma (PTB; N=32) and disease localized to peripheral sites without lung involvement (EPTB2; N=21). Mycobacterial antigens induced IFN gamma/IL10 ratio showed a direct relationship with disease severity ranking (median ratios: EPTB1=0.21; PTB=0.85; EPTB2=7.7) and the highest correlation (Spearman Rank; rho=0.673, p<0.000001). IFN gamma/IL10 ratio also rank ordered clinical severity as it relates to anatomic sites. IFN gamma/IL10 ratio may therefore provide a useful objective marker of disease severity in both pulmonary and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Jamil
- Department of Pathology, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, PO Box 3500, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
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Hauet-Broere F, Wieten L, Guichelaar T, Berlo S, van der Zee R, Van Eden W. Heat shock proteins induce T cell regulation of chronic inflammation. Ann Rheum Dis 2007; 65 Suppl 3:iii65-8. [PMID: 17038477 PMCID: PMC1798372 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2006.058495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The significance of immune responses to certain heat shock proteins (HSPs) that develop in virtually all inflammatory diseases is only now becoming clear. In experimental models, HSPs prevent or arrest inflammatory damage, and initial clinical trials in chronic inflammatory disease have shown HSP peptides to promote production of anti-inflammatory cytokines-indicating immunoregulatory potential. HSPs are ubiquitous self-antigens that are highly expressed in inflamed tissues. The prokaryotic homologous proteins, present in every bacterial species, are dominantly immunogenic. This is striking, especially as these proteins have large areas of sequence homologies with the host (mammalian) counterparts. In several experimental models of autoimmune diseases, immunisation with bacterial HSPs inhibited disease development, as did oral/nasal administration. Based on the experimental evidence so far, it is tempting to speculate that: firstly, exposure to homologues of these self-antigens, as present in, for instance, the bacterial intestinal flora, has a decisive impact on the regulation of self-tolerance at the level of T cells; and secondly, such proteins or their derivative peptides may have a role in an antigen specific immunotherapy approach involving modulation of relevant T cells, without the immediate necessity of defining disease specific autoantigens. Recent findings in experimental asthma and atherosclerosis have indicated that the field of application of such immunotherapy can be broader than just autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Hauet-Broere
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Yalelaan 1, 3584CL, the Netherlands.
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Motta A, Schmitz C, Rodrigues L, Ribeiro F, Teixeira C, Detanico T, Bonan C, Zwickey H, Bonorino C. Mycobacterium tuberculosis heat-shock protein 70 impairs maturation of dendritic cells from bone marrow precursors, induces interleukin-10 production and inhibits T-cell proliferation in vitro. Immunology 2007; 121:462-72. [PMID: 17346283 PMCID: PMC2265970 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2007.02564.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In different inflammatory disease models, heat-shock proteins (hsp) and hsp-derived peptides have been demonstrated to possess anti-inflammatory properties. While some studies have shown that hsp can directly interact with antigen-presenting cells, others report that bacterial hsp can induce specific T cells with regulatory phenotypes. Effective characterization of the immunomodulatory effects of hsp 70, however, has historically been confounded by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) contamination. In this study, we compared the effects of LPS-free Mycobacterial tuberculosis hsp 70 (TBhsp70) and its possible contaminants on dendritic cells (DC). We demonstrate herein that LPS-free TBhsp70 inhibits murine DC maturation in vitro, while LPS-contaminated TBhsp70 induces DC maturation. Mock recombinant preparations have no effect. In contrast to LPS, TBhsp70 does not induce tumour necrosis factor-alpha production by DC, but interleukin-10. In vivo, only LPS-contaminated TBhsp70 induces up-regulation of CD86 in splenic mature DC. Finally, TBhsp70 inhibited phytohaemagglutinin-induced T-cell proliferation. Our results support the hypothesis that TBhsp70 does not have inflammatory potential, but rather has immunosuppressive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Motta
- Faculdade de Biociências e Instituto de Pesquisas Biomédicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic inflammatory disease that causes significant morbidity and mortality. The pathogenesis outlined to date in RA consists of a cascade of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines leading to the recruitment of inflammatory cells and the self perpetuation of inflammation, ultimately leading to cartilage and bone destruction. The dramatic progress in understanding the molecular immunology in RA has led to a transition from conventional treatment with aggressive immune suppression to targeted biological-based therapies that control the inflammatory pathways associated with RA. This article reviews the current biological and small-molecule therapies approved for the treatment of RA and those in development, including antibodies, tolerising agents and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana H Tremoulet
- University of California, Department of Pediatrics, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0731, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Rzepecka J, Lucius R, Doligalska M, Beck S, Rausch S, Hartmann S. Screening for immunomodulatory proteins of the intestinal parasitic nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus. Parasite Immunol 2006; 28:463-72. [PMID: 16916370 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2006.00891.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Parasitic nematodes are constantly exposed to the immune effector mechanisms of their hosts. One strategy of the worms to cope with these defence reactions is the secretion of modulatory proteins that down-regulate cell-mediated immune responses. We analysed the proliferation of mesenteric lymph node cells of mice infected with Heligmosomoides polygyrus and showed that cellular proliferation was strongly suppressed in the chronic phase of infection. To identify proteins of H. polygyrus that are involved in parasite-induced immunomodulation, worm extract and culture supernatant of adult H. polygyrus were fractionated by gel chromatography and activity of each fraction was determined. One of the fractions (fraction 9) of worm extract as well as worm secretory products inhibited the antigen-specific cellular proliferation by about 40%. This reduced cellular reactivity coincided with a down-regulation of inducible nitric oxide production of mouse macrophages by 57%. Furthermore, fraction 9 contained antigens that were recognized by IgE antibodies of H. polygyrus-infected mice and induced degranulation of an IgE-sensitized basophil cell line. Single proteins of fraction 9 were analysed by mass spectrometry. These data suggest that antigens that are recognised by IgE antibodies might play an important role in immunomodulation exerted by nematode infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rzepecka
- Department of Parasitology, University of Warsaw, 02096 Warsaw, Poland
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Dubaniewicz A, Trzonkowski P, Dubaniewicz-Wybieralska M, Dubaniewicz A, Singh M, Myśliwski A. Comparative Analysis of Mycobacterial Heat Shock Proteins-Induced Apoptosis of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Sarcoidosis and Tuberculosis. J Clin Immunol 2006; 26:243-50. [PMID: 16550454 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-006-9011-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2005] [Accepted: 12/29/2005] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Sarcoidosis (SA) is a granulomatous disorder of an unknown etiology. Mycobacterium tuberculosis heat shock proteins (Mtb-hsp), considered as causative agents, play an important role in apoptosis. A role for apoptosis has been proposed in pathogenesis of SA and tuberculosis (TB) granuloma formation but results remain controversial. Differences in Mtb-hsp-induced apoptosis between SA, TB, and healthy subjects found in this study might put some light on the etiology of SA. Early apoptotic peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were determined in 22 SA patients, 20 TB patients, and 20 healthy volunteers by flow cytometry (Annexin-V-FITC). Our results revealed that spontaneous apoptosis of monocytes and CD8+ T-cells was comparable between tested groups. Apoptosis of unstimulated CD4+ T-cells was significantly lower in TB versus controls and insignificantly lower versus SA. Mtb-hsp- and PHA (Phytohemagglutinin)-induced monocytes apoptosis was significantly lower in TB versus controls and SA. Mtb-hsp-induced CD4+ T-cell apoptosis was significantly lower in TB versus controls and SA. There were no differences of PHA-induced CD4+ T-cell and CD8+ T-cell apoptosis between tested groups. Apoptosis of Mtb-hsp-induced CD8+ T-cells was significantly lower in TB and SA versus controls. Analysis of PBMC apoptosis before and after stimulation in each tested group revealed that, in contrast to TB, sarcoid monocytes were resistant to Mtb-hsp- and PHA-induced apoptosis and CD4+ T-cells were resistant to PHA- but not Mtb-hsp-induced apoptosis. CD8+ T-cell apoptosis, before and after Mtb-hsp or PHA stimulation, was significantly increased in all tested groups. It seems likely that dysregulated apoptosis of CD4+ T-cells and resistant apoptosis monocytes may be involved in pathogenesis of SA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Dubaniewicz
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
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Dubaniewicz A, Kämpfer S, Singh M. Serum anti-mycobacterial heat shock proteins antibodies in sarcoidosis and tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2005; 86:60-7. [PMID: 16352470 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2005.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Sarcoidosis (SA) is a multisystem granulomatous disorder of unknown etiology. Infectious organisms, e.g. Mycobacterium tuberculosis, genetic factors and autoimmunity are considered as etiologic agents. Pathologic similarities between SA and tuberculosis (TB) suggest M. tuberculosis heat shock proteins (Mtb-hsp) as causative factors. To test the "mycobacterial" origin of SA, we evaluated the presence of serum anti-Mtb-hsp70, -Mtb-hsp65 and -Mtb-hsp16 antibodies in SA and TB. Analysis of anti-Mtb-hsp antibodies was carried out in 37 patients with SA, 29 patients with TB and 18 healthy individuals by ELISA. Our results show a significantly higher occurrence of anti-Mtb-hsp70 antibodies in SA and TB patients than in controls. The anti-Mtb-hsp65 and -Mtb-hsp16 antibodies occured significantly more often in TB than in controls and SA. We found significantly higher percentages of anti-Mtb-hsp70 and -Mtb-hsp65 antibodies in Stage II compared to Stage I of SA. Analysis of anti-Mtb-hsp antibodies levels revealed significantly higher anti-Mtb-hsp70 antibodies level in SA and TB than in controls. Significantly higher frequency and levels of anti-Mtb-hsp70 than anti-Mtb-hsp65 and -Mtb-hsp16 antibodies was found in SA only. In summary, the frequency and level of anti-Mtb-hsp70 antibodies were comparable between SA and TB but were significantly higher compared to controls and other tested Mtb-hsp. These data may suggest a role for Mtb-hsp70 protein in the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Dubaniewicz
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-952 Gdańsk, Debinki 7, Poland.
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Chacón-Salinas R, Serafín-López J, Ramos-Payán R, Méndez-Aragón P, Hernández-Pando R, Van Soolingen D, Flores-Romo L, Estrada-Parra S, Estrada-García I. Differential pattern of cytokine expression by macrophages infected in vitro with different Mycobacterium tuberculosis genotypes. Clin Exp Immunol 2005; 140:443-9. [PMID: 15932505 PMCID: PMC1809389 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2005.02797.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been shown recently that different genotypes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis induce distinct immune responses in the host, as reflected by variations in cytokine and iNOS expression. Because these molecules are probably regulated by multiple factors in vivo this complex phenomenon was partially analysed by assessing cytokine and iNOS expression by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in an in vitro model of bone marrow-derived macrophages infected with three different M. tuberculosis genotypes: Canetti, H37 Rv and Beijing. Although the three genotypes induced production of iNOS and the different cytokines tested at 24 h post-infection, macrophages infected with the Beijing isolate expressed the highest levels of mRNA for iNOS, interleukin (IL)-1beta, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, IL-12 cytokines and lower levels of IL-10 compared with cells infected with other genotypes. This expression pattern has been associated with infection control, but during infection in vivo with the Beijing genotype it is lost upon progression to chronic phase. The failure to control infection is likely to be influenced by cytokines produced by other cell types and bacterial molecules expressed during the course of disease. Results presented in this work show that each genotype has the ability to induce different levels of cytokine expression that could be related to its pathogenesis during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Chacón-Salinas
- Department of Immunology, National School of Biological Sciences, ENCB-IPN, Mexico
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van Eden W, van der Zee R, Prakken B. Heat-shock proteins induce T-cell regulation of chronic inflammation. Nat Rev Immunol 2005; 5:318-30. [PMID: 15803151 DOI: 10.1038/nri1593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 390] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Immune responses to certain heat-shock proteins (HSPs) develop in almost all inflammatory diseases; however, the significance of such responses is only now becoming clear. In experimental disease models, HSPs can prevent or arrest inflammatory damage, and in initial clinical trials in patients with chronic inflammatory disease, HSP-derived peptides have been shown to promote the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines, indicating that HSPs have immunoregulatory potential. In this Review, we discuss the unique characteristics of HSPs that endow them with these immunoregulatory qualities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem van Eden
- Division of Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584CL Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Stewart GR, Young DB. Heat-shock proteins and the host-pathogen interaction during bacterial infection. Curr Opin Immunol 2005; 16:506-10. [PMID: 15245747 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2004.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Heat-shock proteins (HSPs) are expressed at high levels by bacterial pathogens during adaptation to intracellular survival. Both host and pathogen heat-shock proteins contribute to immunity by receptor-mediated activation of the innate immune response and by participation in the presentation of antigens for the adaptive immune response. Manipulation of these interactions presents a potential route to improved control of infection by vaccination or immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham R Stewart
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Centre for Molecular Microbiology and Infection, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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Genç MR, Karaşahin E, Onderdonk AB, Bongiovanni AM, Delaney ML, Witkin SS. Association between vaginal 70-kd heat shock protein, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, and microbial flora in mid trimester pregnant women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2005; 192:916-21. [PMID: 15746691 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2004.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the association among the inducible 70-kd heat shock protein, cytokines, and microbial flora in the vagina in mid trimester pregnant women and subsequent preterm delivery. STUDY DESIGN Vaginal samples from 205 pregnant women, which were collected at 18 to 22 weeks of gestation, were analyzed for qualitative and quantitative vaginal microflora and for 70-kd heat shock protein, interleukin-1beta, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Pregnancy outcome data were obtained subsequently. RESULTS The 70-kd heat shock protein was detected in 38 vaginal samples (18.5%). Its presence was associated with elevated vaginal pH, a diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis, and elevated interleukin-1 receptor antagonist levels (P < .001). Among women with bacterial vaginosis, 70-kd heat shock protein-positive subjects had a >80% increase in median vaginal concentration of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (P < .05). CONCLUSION Vaginal 70-kd heat shock protein expression is associated with the down-regulation of the proinflammatory immune response to abnormal vaginal flora in mid trimester pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet R Genç
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass, USA
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