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Wang D, Zhang B, Liu X, Kan LLY, Leung PC, Wong CK. Agree to disagree: The contradiction between IL-18 and IL-37 reveals shared targets in cancer. Pharmacol Res 2024; 200:107072. [PMID: 38242220 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
IL-37 is a newly discovered member of the IL-1 cytokine family which plays an important role in regulating inflammation and maintaining physiological homeostasis. IL-37 showed a close relationship with IL-18, another key cytokine in inflammation regulation and cancer development. IL-37 affects the function of IL-18 either by binding to IL-18Rα, a key subunit of both IL-37 and IL-18 receptor, or by drastically neutralizing the IL-18 protein expression of IL-18 binding protein, an important natural inhibitory molecule of IL-18. Moreover, as another subunit receptor of IL-37, IL-1R8 can suppress IL-18Rα expression, functioning as a surveillance mechanism to prevent overactivation of both IL-18 and IL-37 signaling pathways. While IL-18 and IL-37 share the same receptor subunit, IL-18 would in turn interfere with IL-37 signal transduction by binding to IL-18Rα. It is also reported that IL-18 and IL-37 demonstrated opposing effects in a variety of cancers, such as glioblastoma, lung cancer, leukemia, and hepatocellular cancer. Although the mutual regulation of IL-18 and IL-37 and their diametrically opposed effects in cancers has been reported, IL-18 has not been taken into consideration when interpreting clinical findings and conducting mechanism investigations related to IL-37 in cancer. We aim to review the recent progress in IL-18 and IL-37 research in cancer and summarize the correlation between IL-18 and IL-37 in cancer based on their expression level and underlying mechanisms, which would provide new insights into elucidating the conflicting roles of IL-18 and IL-37 in cancer and bring new ideas for translational research related to IL-18 and IL-37.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjie Wang
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bitian Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lea Ling-Yu Kan
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ping-Chung Leung
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun-Kwok Wong
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China; Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin R & D Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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2
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Transient elastography score is elevated during rheumatoid factor-positive chronic hepatitis C virus infection and rheumatoid factor decline is highly variable over the course of direct-acting antiviral therapy. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267512. [PMID: 35482664 PMCID: PMC9049346 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Elevated rheumatoid factor (RF) levels and systemic immune activation are highly prevalent during chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy has been associated with normalization of various soluble immune activation parameters. Whether the RF levels relate to soluble immune activation markers during chronic HCV infection, and over what time frame RF levels normalize during and after DAA treatment is unknown and was investigated here.
Methods
In a longitudinal study, plasma and serum was obtained from HCV infected RF positive (RF+) and RF negative (RF-) participants. The levels of RF, HCV RNA and soluble markers of inflammation were determined before (week 0), during (weeks 4, 8 and 12) and after (week 24) treatment with HCV DAA therapy. In a subset of RF+ participants, the analysis was extended to over 70 weeks after therapy initiation. Hepatic and other clinical parameters were determined at baseline (week 0) in all participants.
Results
Before therapy, transient elastography (TE) score was greater in RF+ compared to RF- HCV infected participants, while the systemic levels of soluble inflammatory markers were comparable. Following DAA therapy initiation, HCV RNA levels became undetectable within 4 weeks in both the RF+ and RF- groups. RF levels declined in the first 6 months in most RF+ persons but most commonly remained positive. The levels of some soluble inflammatory markers declined, mainly within 4 weeks of DAA therapy start, in both the RF+ and RF- groups. The baseline (week 0) TE score correlated with RF levels before, during and after DAA therapy, while plasma IL-18 levels correlated with RF level after DAA therapy.
Conclusion
During chronic HCV infection, TE score is elevated in RF+ HCV infected individuals and factors other than HCV viremia (including liver stiffness or fibrosis and select markers of inflammation) likely contribute to persistence of RF after treatment of HCV with DAA.
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Adenosine-Induced NLRP11 in B Lymphoblasts Suppresses Human CD4 + T Helper Cell Responses. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:1421795. [PMID: 32832566 PMCID: PMC7421714 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1421795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
NLRP11 is a member of the PYD domain-containing, nucleotide-binding oligomerization-domain (NOD-) like receptor (NLR) family. The true stimulus of NLRP11 is still unclear to date, so the current study is built upon NLRP11 induction via adenosine stimulation and that activation can shape adaptive immune responses in a caspase-1-independent manner. We examined the regulation and mechanism of adenosine responsiveness via NLRP11 in human Daudi Burkitt's B lymphoma cells and their effects on human peripheral CD4+ T lymphocytes from healthy individuals. NLRP11 was significantly upregulated after induction with adenosine at both the mRNA and protein levels, which led to the interaction of endogenous NLRP11 with the ASC adaptor protein; however, this interaction did not result in the activation of the caspase-1 enzyme. Furthermore, cocultures of NLRP11-expressing Burkitt's lymphoma cells and naïve human peripheral CD4+ T lymphocytes had reduced IFN-γ and IL-17A production, whereas IL-13 and IL-10 cytokines did not change. Interestingly, IFN-γ and IL-17A were recovered after transfection of Burkitt's lymphoma cells with siRNAs targeting NLRP11. Concomitant with NLRP11 upregulation, we also exhibited that adenosine A2B receptor signaling induced two phosphorylated downstream effectors, pErk1/2 and pAkt (Ser473), but not pAkt (Thr308). Taken together, our data indicate that adenosine is a negative regulator of Th1 and Th17 responses via NLRP11 in an inflammasome-independent manner.
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Differential Expression of Neuroinflammatory mRNAs in the Rat Sciatic Nerve Following Chronic Constriction Injury and Pain-Relieving Nanoemulsion NSAID Delivery to Infiltrating Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215269. [PMID: 31652890 PMCID: PMC6862677 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuroinflammatory response to peripheral nerve injury is associated with chronic pain and significant changes in the molecular expression profiles of mRNAs in neurons, glia and infiltrating immune cells. Chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the rat sciatic nerve provides an opportunity to mimic neuropathic injury and quantitatively assess behavior and differential gene expression in individual animals. Previously, we have shown that a single intravenous injection of nanoemulsion containing celecoxib (0.24 mg/kg) reduces inflammation of the sciatic nerve and relieves pain-like behavior for up to 6 days. Here, we use this targeted therapy to explore the impact on mRNA expression changes in both pain and pain-relieved states. Sciatic nerve tissue recovered from CCI animals is used to evaluate the mRNA expression profiles utilizing quantitative PCR. We observe mRNA changes consistent with the reduced recruitment of macrophages evident by a reduction in chemokine and cytokine expression. Furthermore, genes associated with adhesion of macrophages, as well as changes in the neuronal and glial mRNAs are observed. Moreover, genes associated with neuropathic pain including Maob, Grin2b/NMDAR2b, TrpV3, IL-6, Cacna1b/Cav2.2, Itgam/Cd11b, Scn9a/Nav1.7, and Tac1 were all found to respond to the celecoxib loaded nanoemulsion during pain relief as compared to those animals that received drug-free vehicle. These results demonstrate that by targeting macrophage production of PGE2 at the site of injury, pain relief includes partial reversal of the gene expression profiles associated with chronic pain.
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5
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Narovlyansky AN, Mezentseva MV, Suetina IA, Russu LI, Ivanova AM, Poloskov VV, Izmest'eva AV, Ospelnikova TP, Sarymsakov AA, Ershov FI. Cytokine-regulating activity of anti-virus preparation CelAgripus in Burkitt's lym-phoma stable B-cell lines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 64:165-172. [DOI: 10.36233/0507-4088-2019-64-4-165-172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. N. Narovlyansky
- National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F.Gamaleya
| | - M. V. Mezentseva
- National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F.Gamaleya
| | - I. A. Suetina
- National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F.Gamaleya
| | - L. I. Russu
- National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F.Gamaleya
| | - A. M. Ivanova
- National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F.Gamaleya
| | - V. V. Poloskov
- National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F.Gamaleya
| | - A. V. Izmest'eva
- National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F.Gamaleya
| | - T. P. Ospelnikova
- National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F.Gamaleya
| | - A. A. Sarymsakov
- Institute of Polymer Chemystry and Physics Uzbek Academy of Sciences
| | - F. I. Ershov
- National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F.Gamaleya
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6
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Tran LS, Chonwerawong M, Ferrero RL. Regulation and functions of inflammasome-mediated cytokines in Helicobacter pylori infection. Microbes Infect 2017; 19:449-458. [PMID: 28690082 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Persistent stomach infection with Helicobacter pylori causes chronic mucosal inflammation (gastritis), which is widely recognized as an essential precursor to gastric cancer. The IL-1 interleukin family cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 have emerged as central mediators of mucosal inflammation. Here, we review the regulation and functions of these cytokines in H. pylori-induced inflammation and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Son Tran
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, The Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michelle Chonwerawong
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, The Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard L Ferrero
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, The Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
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7
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The modern interleukin-1 superfamily: Divergent roles in obesity. Semin Immunol 2016; 28:441-449. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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8
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Kimura T, Tsutsumi N, Arita K, Ariyoshi M, Ohnishi H, Kondo N, Shirakawa M, Kato Z, Tochio H. Purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic analysis of human IL-18 and its extracellular complexes. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2014; 70:1351-6. [PMID: 25286938 PMCID: PMC4188078 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x14016926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-18 (IL-18), a pro-inflammatory cytokine belonging to the interleukin-1 (IL-1) family, is involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune/autoinflammatory and allergic diseases such as juvenile idiopathic arthritis and bronchial asthma. IL-18 forms a signalling complex with the IL-18 receptor α (IL-18Rα) and β (IL-18Rβ) chains; however, the detailed activation mechanism remains unclear. Here, the IL-18-IL-18Rα binary and IL-18-IL-18Rα-IL-18Rβ ternary complexes were purified and crystallized as well as IL-18 alone. An X-ray diffraction data set for IL-18 was collected to 2.33 Å resolution from a crystal belonging to space group P21, with unit-cell parameters a = 68.15, b = 79.51, c = 73.46 Å, β = 100.97°. Crystals of both the IL-18 binary and ternary complexes belonging to the orthorhombic space groups P21212 and P212121, respectively, diffracted to 3.10 Å resolution. Unit-cell parameters were determined as a = 135.49, b = 174.81, c = 183.40 Å for the binary complex and a = 72.56, b = 111.56, c = 134.57 Å for the ternary complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Kimura
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Naotaka Tsutsumi
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kyohei Arita
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho,Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mariko Ariyoshi
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hidenori Ohnishi
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Naomi Kondo
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
- Heisei College of Health Sciences, 180 Kurono, Gifu 501-1131, Japan
| | - Masahiro Shirakawa
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Core Research of Evolution Science (CREST), Japan Sciences and Technology Agency, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
| | - Zenichiro Kato
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
- Biomedical Informatics, Medical Information Sciences Division, The United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Hidehito Tochio
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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Lung microenvironment contributes to the resistance of alveolar macrophages to develop tolerance to endotoxin*. Crit Care Med 2013; 40:2987-96. [PMID: 22878679 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0b013e31825b8d57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endotoxin tolerance corresponds to reprogramming of mononuclear phagocytes after iterative encounters with toll-like receptor agonists aimed to dampen the inflammatory response. We investigated why this phenomenon cannot be observed with murine alveolar macrophages. DESIGN Animal study. SETTING Research institution laboratory. SUBJECTS rag2-/-, rag2γc-/-, cd3ε-/-, µ-/-, il-15-/-, Jα18-/-, ifnγr-/-, il-18r-/-, and wild-type mice. INTERVENTIONS Alveolar macrophages were harvested from untreated mice or after injection of endotoxin. Alveolar macrophages were activated in vitro with endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide), and tumor necrosis factor production was monitored. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS In contrast to monocytes or peritoneal macrophages, alveolar macrophages did not display endotoxin tolerance in an ex vivo model after injection of endotoxin. An in vivo systemic inhibition of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor or interferon-γ allowed the induction of alveolar macrophage endotoxin tolerance, which was also observed in interferon-γ receptor-deficient mice. Using mice missing different leukocyte subsets and adoptive cell transfers, we demonstrated the involvement of B lymphocytes in interferon-γ production within the lung microenvironment and in the prevention of alveolar macrophage endotoxin tolerance. Furthermore, we demonstrated the importance of interleukin-18 in preventing alveolar macrophage endotoxin tolerance through studies of interleukin-18 messenger RNA expression in il-18r-/- mice and injection of interleukin-18 in rag2-/- and µ-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the conclusion that at homeostasis in the lungs, constitutive expression of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interleukin-18, interferon-γ and possibly interleukin-15, and a cross-talk between B lymphocytes and alveolar macrophages create a microenvironment specific to the lungs that prevents alveolar macrophages from becoming tolerant to endotoxin.
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Bafna S, Singh AP, Moniaux N, Eudy JD, Meza JL, Batra SK. MUC4, a multifunctional transmembrane glycoprotein, induces oncogenic transformation of NIH3T3 mouse fibroblast cells. Cancer Res 2008; 68:9231-8. [PMID: 19010895 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-3135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have established the association of MUC4 with the progression of cancer and metastasis. An aberrant expression of MUC4 is reported in precancerous lesions, indicating its early involvement in the disease process; however, its precise role in cellular transformation has not been explored. MUC4 contains many unique domains and is proposed to affect cell signaling pathways and behavior of the tumor cells. In the present study, to decipher the oncogenic potential of MUC4, we stably expressed the MUC4 mucin in NIH3T3 mouse fibroblast cells. Stable ectopic expression of MUC4 resulted in increased growth, colony formation, and motility of NIH3T3 cells in vitro and tumor formation in nude mice when cells were injected s.c. Microarray analysis showed increased expression of several growth-associated and mitochondrial energy production-associated genes in MUC4-expressing NIH3T3 cells. In addition, expression of MUC4 in NIH3T3 cells resulted in enhanced levels of oncoprotein ErbB2 and its phosphorylated form (pY(1248)-ErbB2). In conclusion, our studies provide the first evidence that MUC4 alone induces cellular transformation and indicates a novel role of MUC4 in cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeta Bafna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5870, USA
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11
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Abstract
Cytokines are of major importance in periodontal disease progression. It is generally agreed that control of the Th1/Th2 balance is central to the immunoregulation of periodontal disease. There is increasing evidence in humans that the stable periodontal lesion is mediated by Th1 cells, while the progressive lesion sees a shift toward Th2 cells. Equally, there is conflicting evidence, mainly in animal models, that bone loss is mediated by Th1 responses, and that Th2 responses are protective. In the presence of IL-12, IL-18 induces Th1 responses while, in the absence of IL-12, it promotes Th2 responses. It is clear, therefore, that since IL-18 has the ability to induce either Th1 or Th2 differentiation, it becomes important to consider its role in periodontal disease. This review endeavors to give an overview of this cytokine and its relevance for periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Orozco
- School of Dentistry, Turbot Street, Brisbane 4000, Australia.
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12
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Tsukamoto K, Huang YC, Dorsey WC, Carns B, Sharma V. Juxtacrine function of interleukin-15/interleukin-15 receptor system in tumour derived human B-cell lines. Clin Exp Immunol 2007; 146:559-66. [PMID: 17100778 PMCID: PMC1810416 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2006.03240.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is a cytokine that induces proliferation and promotes cell survival of human T, B and NK cells. IL-15 and interleukin-2 (IL-2) exhibit a similar spectrum of immune effects and share the IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) subunits IL-2Rbeta and IL-2Rgamma(c) for signalling in haematopoietic cells. Furthermore, each cytokine has a private alpha receptor, namely IL-2Ralpha for IL-2 and IL-15Ralpha for IL-15, that functions in ligand binding. Using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods, the expression and secretion of IL-15 and IL-15Ralpha in tumour-derived B-cell lines were studied. The results as presented in this study identify that IL-15 mRNA is predominantly expressed in EBV positive (EBV(+)) B-cell lines, although IL-15Ralpha is ubiquitously and constitutively expressed in all these B-cell lines. Although no detectable levels of IL-15 protein secretion were observed in any of these cell lines, we were able to detect membrane-bound expression of IL-15 protein by FACS analysis in some cell lines. These data imply that the IL-15/IL-15R system requires complex regulatory mechanisms for protein secretion. Taken together, we speculate that these results suggest a juxtacrine, intracrine function for IL-15/IL-15R.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Tsukamoto
- Laboratory of Cytokine Research, Department of Biology, University of West Florida, Pensacola, Florida 10032, USA
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13
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Huang YC, Tsukamoto K, Sharma V. Interleukin-10 promoter gene polymorphisms have no clear influence on interleukin-10 protein secretion in AIDS-associated B-cell lines. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 335:529-35. [PMID: 16084491 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.07.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2005] [Accepted: 07/21/2005] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a pleiotropic cytokine involved in several immune responses and expressed by a variety of cell types. IL-10 interacts with at least two subunits of the IL-10 receptors (IL-10R1 and IL-10R2), which are members of the interferon receptor family, and play important roles in ligand binding and signaling. Using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods, the mRNA expression and secretion patterns of IL-10 were studied. IL-10R1 and IL-10R2 mRNA expression patterns were also studied in the tumor-derived human B-cell lines. IL-10 protein is expressed and predominantly secreted by AIDS-associated B-cell lines (AABCL). However, IL-10R1 and IL-10R2 are constitutively and ubiquitously expressed in all the B-cell lines included in our study. These results suggest that B-cell IL-10 functions as an autocrine growth factor, in AABCL. Furthermore, we report that higher secretion of IL-10 observed in AABCL could be due to the specific GCC haplotype of IL-10 promoter polymorphisms, although no specific correlation was observed between IL-10 promoter polymorphisms and IL-10 protein secretion as analyzed by PCR-sequence specific primers methodology and ELISA, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chun Huang
- Laboratory of Cytokine Research, Department of Biology, University of West Florida, Pensacola, FL 32514, USA
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14
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Wood IS, Wang B, Jenkins JR, Trayhurn P. The pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-18 is expressed in human adipose tissue and strongly upregulated by TNFalpha in human adipocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 337:422-9. [PMID: 16188228 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.09.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2005] [Accepted: 09/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
White adipocytes have been examined as a potential source of interleukin-18 (IL-18), the circulating levels of which are increased in obesity. IL-18 gene expression was evident in human subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue, and expression occurred in mature adipocytes and the stromal-vascular fraction. Expression of the IL-18 receptor complex (IL-18Ralpha and IL-18Rbeta) and the IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP) genes was also observed, mirroring that of IL-18. IL-18 mRNA level increased rapidly (within 2h) and dramatically (>900-fold) in response to TNFalpha in human adipocytes differentiated in culture. IL-18 protein was detected in lysates of cultured adipocytes, though not in the medium. There was a small increase in IL-18 in lysates of adipocytes treated with TNFalpha, but the protein was again undetectable in the medium. IL-18 may be part of the inflammatory cascade within adipose tissue; however, human adipocytes do not appear to secrete significant amounts of IL-18.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Stuart Wood
- Obesity Biology Unit, Liverpool Centre for Nutritional Genomics, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Liverpool, University Clinical Departments, UK.
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15
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Krásná E, Kolesár L, Slavcev A, Valhová S, Kronosová B, Jaresová M, Stríz I. IL-18 Receptor Expression on Epithelial Cells is Upregulated by TNF Alpha. Inflammation 2005; 29:33-7. [PMID: 16502344 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-006-8967-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
IL-18 is a multifunctional cytokine that augments both innate and acquired immunity and potentiates Th1 and Th2 reactions. We studied the expression of IL-18 receptor (IL-18R) on renal and respiratory epithelial cell lines. Both cell lines upregulated IL-18R mRNA and IL-18R membrane expression in response to TNF alpha and other proinflammatory cytokines. The function of IL-18R was confirmed by induction of IL-8 release from epithelial cells in response to recombinant IL-18. Epithelial cells may represent an important target for IL-18, mainly under inflammatory conditions associated with TNF alpha release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliska Krásná
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
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