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Prendergast KA, Nagalingam G, West NP, Triccas JA. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Deficient in PdtaS Cytosolic Histidine Kinase Displays Attenuated Growth and Affords Protective Efficacy against Aerosol M. tuberculosis Infection in Mice. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:50. [PMID: 38250863 PMCID: PMC10821411 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
New control measures are urgently required to control tuberculosis (TB), as the current vaccine, Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), has had a limited impact on disease spread. The identification of virulence mechanisms of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an important strategy in vaccine design, as it permits the development of strains attenuated for growth that may have vaccine potential. In this report, we determined the role of the PdtaS response regulator in M. tuberculosis virulence and defined the vaccine potential of a pdtaS-deficient strain. Deletion of pdtaS (MtbΔpdtaS) resulted in reduced persistence of M. tuberculosis within mouse organs, which was equivalent to the persistence of the BCG vaccine in the lung and liver of infected mice. However, the generation of effector CD4+ and CD8+ T cells (CD44+CD62LloKLRG1+) was similar between wild-type M. tuberculosis and MtbΔpdtaS and greater than that elicited by BCG. Heightened immunity induced by MtbΔpdtaS compared to BCG was also observed by analysis of antigen-specific IFN-γ-secreting T cell responses induced by vaccination. MtbΔpdtaS displayed improved protection against aerosol M. tuberculosis compared to BCG, which was most apparent in the lung at 20 weeks post-infection. These results suggest that the deletion of the PdtaS response regulator warrants further appraisal as a tool to combat TB in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A. Prendergast
- Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute (Sydney ID), Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; (K.A.P.); (G.N.)
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Gayathri Nagalingam
- Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute (Sydney ID), Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; (K.A.P.); (G.N.)
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Nicholas P. West
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - James A. Triccas
- Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute (Sydney ID), Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; (K.A.P.); (G.N.)
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
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2
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Kevorkian YL, MacGilvary NJ, Giacalone D, Johnson C, Tan S. Rv0500A is a transcription factor that links Mycobacterium tuberculosis environmental response with division and impacts host colonization. Mol Microbiol 2022; 117:1048-1062. [PMID: 35167150 PMCID: PMC9382876 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
For Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) to successfully infect a host, it must be able to adapt to changes in its microenvironment, including to variations in ionic signals such as pH and chloride (Cl- ), and link these responses to its growth. Transcriptional changes are a key mechanism for Mtb environmental adaptation, and we identify here Rv0500A as a novel transcriptional regulator that links Mtb environmental response and division processes. Global transcriptional profiling revealed that Rv0500A acts as a repressor and influences the expression of genes related to division, with the magnitude of its effect modulated by pH and Cl- . Rv0500A can directly bind the promoters of several of these target genes, and we identify key residues required for its DNA-binding ability and biological effect. Overexpression of rv0500A disrupted Mtb growth morphology, resulting in filamentation that was exacerbated by high environmental Cl- levels and acidic pH. Finally, we show that perturbation of rv0500A leads to attenuation of the ability of Mtb to colonize its host in vivo. Our work highlights the important link between Mtb environmental response and growth characteristics, and uncovers a new transcription factor involved in this critical facet of Mtb biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzo L Kevorkian
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Graduate Program in Molecular Microbiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nathan J MacGilvary
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David Giacalone
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Graduate Program in Molecular Microbiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Calvin Johnson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shumin Tan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Graduate Program in Molecular Microbiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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3
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Pérez I, Uranga S, Sayes F, Frigui W, Samper S, Arbués A, Aguiló N, Brosch R, Martín C, Gonzalo-Asensio J. Live attenuated TB vaccines representing the three modern Mycobacterium tuberculosis lineages reveal that the Euro-American genetic background confers optimal vaccine potential. EBioMedicine 2020; 55:102761. [PMID: 32361249 PMCID: PMC7195525 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human tuberculosis (TB) is caused by a plethora of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) strains belonging to seven phylogenetic branches. Lineages 2, 3 and 4 are considered “modern” branches of the MTBC responsible for the majority of worldwide TB. Since the current BCG vaccine confers variable protection against pulmonary TB, new candidates are investigated. MTBVAC is the unique live attenuated vaccine based on M. tuberculosis in human clinical trials. Methods MTBVAC was originally constructed by unmarked phoP and fadD26 deletions in a clinical isolate belonging to L4. Here we construct new vaccines based on isogenic gene deletions in clinical isolates of the L2 and L3 modern lineages. These three vaccine candidates were characterized at molecular level and also in animal experiments of protection and safety. Findings Safety studies in immunocompromised mice showed that MTBVAC-L2 was less attenuated than BCG Pasteur, while the original MTBVAC was found even more attenuated than BCG and MTBVAC-L3 showed an intermediate phenotype. The three MTBVAC candidates showed similar or superior protection compared to BCG in immunocompetent mice vaccinated with each MTBVAC candidate and challenged with three representative strains of the modern lineages. Interpretation MTBVAC vaccines, based on double phoP and fadD26 deletions, protect against TB independently of the phylogenetic linage used as template strain for their construction. Nevertheless, lineage L4 confers the best safety profile. Funding European Commission (TBVAC2020, H2020-PHC-643381), Spanish Ministry of Science (RTI2018-097625-B-I00), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI18/0336), Gobierno de Aragón/Fondo Social Europeo and the French National Research Council (ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID, ANR-16-CE35-0009, ANR-16-CE15-0003).
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Pérez
- Grupo de Genética de Micobacterias, Departamento de Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, IIS Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Uranga
- Grupo de Genética de Micobacterias, Departamento de Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, IIS Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fadel Sayes
- Institut Pasteur, Unit for Integrated Mycobacterial Pathogenomics, CNRS UMR 3525, Paris, France
| | - Wafa Frigui
- Institut Pasteur, Unit for Integrated Mycobacterial Pathogenomics, CNRS UMR 3525, Paris, France
| | - Sofía Samper
- Grupo de Genética de Micobacterias, Departamento de Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, IIS Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Unidad de Investigación Translacional, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ainhoa Arbués
- Present adress: Medical Parasitology & Infection Biology Department, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nacho Aguiló
- Grupo de Genética de Micobacterias, Departamento de Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, IIS Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roland Brosch
- Institut Pasteur, Unit for Integrated Mycobacterial Pathogenomics, CNRS UMR 3525, Paris, France
| | - Carlos Martín
- Grupo de Genética de Micobacterias, Departamento de Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, IIS Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Servicio de Microbiología Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jesús Gonzalo-Asensio
- Grupo de Genética de Micobacterias, Departamento de Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, IIS Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), Zaragoza, Spain.
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4
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Deng G, Zhang W, Ji N, Zhai Y, Shi X, Liu X, Yang S. Identification of Secreted O-Mannosylated Proteins From BCG and Characterization of Immunodominant Antigens BCG_0470 and BCG_0980. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:407. [PMID: 32231652 PMCID: PMC7082424 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial glycoproteins have been investigated as vaccine candidates as well as diagnostic biomarkers. However, they are poorly understood in Mycobacterium bovis strain bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), a non-pathogenic model of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. To understand the roles of secreted O-mannosylated glycoproteins in BCG, we conducted a ConA lectin-affinity chromatography and mass spectra analysis to identify O-mannosylated proteins in BCG culture filtrate. Subsequent screening of antigens was performed using polyclonal antibodies obtained from a BCG-immunized mouse, with 15 endogenous O-mannosylated proteins eventually identified. Of these, BCG_0470 and BCG_0980 (PstS3) were revealed as the immunodominant antigens. To examine the protective effects of the antigens, recombinant antigens proteins were first expressed in Mycobacterium smegmatis and Escherichia coli, with the purified proteins then used to boost BCG primed-mice. Overall, the treated mice showed a greater delayed-type hypersensitivity response in vivo, as well as stronger Th1 responses, including higher level of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and specific-IgG. Therefore, mannosylated proteins BCG_0470 and BCG_0980 effectively amplified the immune responses induced by BCG in mice. Together, our results suggest that the oligosaccharide chains containing mannose are the antigenic determinants of glycoproteins, providing key insight for future vaccine optimization and design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoying Deng
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Na Ji
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Dalian Third People's Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Yunpeng Zhai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Dalian Municipal Women and Children's Medical Center, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaoxia Shi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shufeng Yang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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5
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Ahn SK, Tran V, Leung A, Ng M, Li M, Liu J. Recombinant BCG Overexpressing phoP-phoR Confers Enhanced Protection against Tuberculosis. Mol Ther 2018; 26:2863-2874. [PMID: 30274790 PMCID: PMC6277425 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The live tuberculosis vaccine Mycobacterium bovis BCG (Bacille Calmette-Guérin) comprises a number of genetically distinct substrains. In BCG-Prague, phoP of the PhoP-PhoR two-component system is a pseudogene due to a single insertion mutation. We hypothesized that this mutation partially accounts for the low immunogenicity of BCG-Prague observed in the 1970s. In this study, we showed that complementation with the M. bovis allele of phoP restored BCG-Prague’s immunogenicity. Furthermore, we showed that overexpression of the M. bovis allele of phoP-phoR in BCG-Japan, a strain already containing a copy of phoP-phoR, further enhanced immunogenicity and protective efficacy. Vaccination of C57BL/6 mice with the recombinant strain rBCG-Japan/PhoPR induced higher levels of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) production by CD4+ T cells than that with the parental BCG. Guinea pigs vaccinated with rBCG-Japan/PhoPR were better protected against challenge with Mycobacterium tuberculosis than those immunized with the parental BCG, showing significantly longer survival time, reduced bacterial burdens, and less severe pathology. Taken together, our study has identified a genetic modification that could be generally applied to generate new recombinant BCG vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Kyun Ahn
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Vanessa Tran
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Andrea Leung
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Mark Ng
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada.
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6
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Marinova D, Gonzalo-Asensio J, Aguilo N, Martin C. MTBVAC from discovery to clinical trials in tuberculosis-endemic countries. Expert Rev Vaccines 2017; 16:565-576. [PMID: 28447476 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2017.1324303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION BCG remains the only vaccine against tuberculosis (TB) in use today and despite its impressive global coverage, the nature of BCG protection against the pulmonary forms of TB remains subject to ongoing debate. Because of the limitations of BCG, novel TB vaccine candidates have been developed and several have reached the clinical pipeline. One of these candidates is MTBVAC, the first and only TB vaccine in the clinical pipeline to date based on live-attenuated Mycobacterium tuberculosis that has successfully entered clinical evaluation, a historic milestone in human vaccinology. Areas covered: This review describes development of MTBVAC from discovery to clinical development in high burden TB-endemic countries. The preclinical experiments where MTBVAC has shown to confer improved safety and efficacy over BCG are presented and the clinical development plans for MTBVAC are revealed. The search of all supportive literature in this manuscript was carried out via Pubmed. Expert commentary: Small experimental medicine trials in humans and preclinical efficacy studies with a strong immunological component mimicking clinical trial design are considered essential by the scientific community to help identify reliable vaccine-specific correlates of protection in order to support and accelerate community-wide efficacy trials of new TB vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dessislava Marinova
- a Grupo de Genética de Micobacterias, Dpto. Microbiología, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública , Universidad de Zaragoza , Zaragoza , Spain.,b CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias , Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid , Spain
| | - Jesus Gonzalo-Asensio
- a Grupo de Genética de Micobacterias, Dpto. Microbiología, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública , Universidad de Zaragoza , Zaragoza , Spain.,b CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias , Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid , Spain.,c Servicio de Microbiología , Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, ISS Aragón , Zaragoza , Spain
| | - Nacho Aguilo
- a Grupo de Genética de Micobacterias, Dpto. Microbiología, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública , Universidad de Zaragoza , Zaragoza , Spain.,b CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias , Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid , Spain
| | - Carlos Martin
- a Grupo de Genética de Micobacterias, Dpto. Microbiología, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública , Universidad de Zaragoza , Zaragoza , Spain.,b CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias , Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid , Spain.,c Servicio de Microbiología , Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, ISS Aragón , Zaragoza , Spain
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7
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Identification of the Avian Pasteurella multocida phoP Gene and Evaluation of the Effects of phoP Deletion on Virulence and Immunogenicity. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 17:ijms17010012. [PMID: 26703595 PMCID: PMC4730259 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida) is an animal pathogen of worldwide economic significance that causes fowl cholera in poultry and wild birds. Global gene regulators, including PhoP are important in regulating bacterial virulence and are good targets for developing attenuated vaccines against many pathogenic bacteria. However, the biological significance of phoP gene has not been identified in P. multocida. Here, we identified the phoP gene in P. multocida, and we evaluated the roles of phoP in P. multocida by deleting the phoP gene. The P. multocida phoP mutant exhibited similar growth curves and lipopolysaccharide and outer membrane protein profiles but displayed defective polymyxin resistance in vitro compared with the parent strain. Additionally, the phoP deletion resulted in decreased virulence. The LD50 of the ΔphoP mutant was 32- and 154-fold higher than the parent strain via the oral and intranasal routes, respectively. Transcriptome sequencing analysis showed that 161 genes were up-regulated and 173 genes were down-regulated in the absence of the phoP gene. Finally, the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the ΔphoP mutant were evaluated. Immunized ducks produced significantly higher levels of serum IgY and bile IgA compared to the control ducks, and immunization with the ΔphoP mutant conferred 54.5% protection efficiency against challenge with the virulent P. multocida. This work provides a platform to dissect the function of phoP and develop a new vaccine against P. multocida.
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8
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Vaccines for TB: Lessons from the Past Translating into Future Potentials. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:916780. [PMID: 26146643 PMCID: PMC4469767 DOI: 10.1155/2015/916780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of vaccines for infectious diseases has come a long way with recent advancements in adjuvant developments and discovery of new antigens that are capable of eliciting strong immunological responses for sterile eradication of disease. Tuberculosis (TB) that kills nearly 2 million of the population every year is also one of the highlights of the recent developments. The availability or not of diagnostic methods for infection has implications for the control of the disease by the health systems but is not related to the immune surveillance, a phenomenon derived from the interaction between the bacteria and their host. Here, we will review the immunology of TB and current vaccine candidates for TB. Current strategies of developing new vaccines against TB will also be reviewed in order to further discuss new insights into immunotherapeutic approaches involving adjuvant and antigens combinations that might be of potential for the control of TB.
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9
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López Hernández Y, Yero D, Pinos-Rodríguez JM, Gibert I. Animals devoid of pulmonary system as infection models in the study of lung bacterial pathogens. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:38. [PMID: 25699030 PMCID: PMC4316775 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological disease models can be difficult and costly to develop and use on a routine basis. Particularly, in vivo lung infection models performed to study lung pathologies use to be laborious, demand a great time and commonly are associated with ethical issues. When infections in experimental animals are used, they need to be refined, defined, and validated for their intended purpose. Therefore, alternative and easy to handle models of experimental infections are still needed to test the virulence of bacterial lung pathogens. Because non-mammalian models have less ethical and cost constraints as a subjects for experimentation, in some cases would be appropriated to include these models as valuable tools to explore host-pathogen interactions. Numerous scientific data have been argued to the more extensive use of several kinds of alternative models, such as, the vertebrate zebrafish (Danio rerio), and non-vertebrate insects and nematodes (e.g., Caenorhabditis elegans) in the study of diverse infectious agents that affect humans. Here, we review the use of these vertebrate and non-vertebrate models in the study of bacterial agents, which are considered the principal causes of lung injury. Curiously none of these animals have a respiratory system as in air-breathing vertebrates, where respiration takes place in lungs. Despite this fact, with the present review we sought to provide elements in favor of the use of these alternative animal models of infection to reveal the molecular signatures of host-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamilé López Hernández
- Centro de Biociencias, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí San Luis de Potosí, Mexico
| | - Daniel Yero
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Barcelona, Spain ; Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan M Pinos-Rodríguez
- Centro de Biociencias, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí San Luis de Potosí, Mexico
| | - Isidre Gibert
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Barcelona, Spain ; Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
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10
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Principi N, Esposito S. The present and future of tuberculosis vaccinations. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2014; 95:6-13. [PMID: 25458613 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The clinical, social, and economic burden of tuberculosis (TB) remains high worldwide, thereby highlighting the importance of TB prevention. The bacilli Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine that is currently available can protect younger children but is less effective in adults, the major source of TB transmission. In addition, the emergence of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains and the high prevalence of HIV infection have significantly complicated TB prognosis and treatment. Together, these data highlight the need for new and more effective vaccines. Recently, several vaccines containing multiple antigens, including some of those specific for dormant Mtb strains, have been developed. These vaccines appear to be the best approach for satisfactory Mtb prevention. However, until a new vaccine is proven more effective and safe than BCG, BCG should remain part of the immunization schedules for neonates and children at risk for TB as a fundamental prophylactic measure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Principi
- Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Susanna Esposito
- Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
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11
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Dover LG, Bhatt A, Bhowruth V, Willcox BE, Besra GS. New drugs and vaccines for drug-resistantMycobacterium tuberculosisinfections. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 7:481-97. [DOI: 10.1586/14760584.7.4.481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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12
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Valdés I, Montoro E, Mata-Espinoza D, Asín O, Barrios-Payan J, Francisco-Cruz A, Valdivia JA, Hernández-Pando R. Immunogenicity and protection conferred by Mycobacterium habana in a murine model of pulmonary tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2014; 94:65-72. [PMID: 24332882 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2013.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/31/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium habana was isolated in Cuba in 1971. Later, was demonstrated its protection capacity in mycobacterial infection. Here we determined the level of virulence, immunogenicity and the efficacy of three different M. habana strains as attenuated live vaccines. Intratracheal infection of BALB/c mice with high dose M. habana TMC 5135 or IPK-337 strains permitted 100% survival and limited tissue damage. Mice infected with M. habana IPK-220 showed lower attenuation, so it was discarded for the vaccination experiments. Strains IPK-337 and TMC 5135 were used as subcutaneous vaccine and compared with BCG. Nude mice vaccinated with strain 5135 showed longer but non-significant survival than BCG vaccinated animals. Cell suspensions from M. habana vaccinated mice produced higher IFNγ after stimulation with mycobacterial antigens than BCG recipients. After four months of challenge with Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain H37Rv, mice vaccinated with BCG substrain Phipps or strain TMC 5135 showed total survival, while 60% survival was exhibited by animals vaccinated with M. habana IPK-337. Both M. habana strains do not prevent the infection with M. tuberculosis but avoided the progression of the experimental disease; strain TMC 5135 showed similar level of protection than BCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliana Valdés
- National Reference Laboratory of Tuberculosis, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Center, Tropical Medicine Institute "Pedro Kouri" (IPK), Autopista Novia del Mediodía Km 6½, La Lisa, P.O. Box 601, Havana, Cuba
| | - Ernesto Montoro
- National Reference Laboratory of Tuberculosis, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Center, Tropical Medicine Institute "Pedro Kouri" (IPK), Autopista Novia del Mediodía Km 6½, La Lisa, P.O. Box 601, Havana, Cuba
| | - Dulce Mata-Espinoza
- Experimental Pathology Section, Department of Pathology, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition "Salvador Zubirán" (INCMNSZ), Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, Mexico City CP-14000, Mexico
| | - Odalys Asín
- National Reference Laboratory of Tuberculosis, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Center, Tropical Medicine Institute "Pedro Kouri" (IPK), Autopista Novia del Mediodía Km 6½, La Lisa, P.O. Box 601, Havana, Cuba
| | - Jorge Barrios-Payan
- Experimental Pathology Section, Department of Pathology, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition "Salvador Zubirán" (INCMNSZ), Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, Mexico City CP-14000, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Francisco-Cruz
- Experimental Pathology Section, Department of Pathology, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition "Salvador Zubirán" (INCMNSZ), Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, Mexico City CP-14000, Mexico
| | - José Antonio Valdivia
- National Reference Laboratory of Tuberculosis, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Center, Tropical Medicine Institute "Pedro Kouri" (IPK), Autopista Novia del Mediodía Km 6½, La Lisa, P.O. Box 601, Havana, Cuba
| | - Rogelio Hernández-Pando
- Experimental Pathology Section, Department of Pathology, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition "Salvador Zubirán" (INCMNSZ), Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, Mexico City CP-14000, Mexico.
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13
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Arbues A, Aguilo JI, Gonzalo-Asensio J, Marinova D, Uranga S, Puentes E, Fernandez C, Parra A, Cardona PJ, Vilaplana C, Ausina V, Williams A, Clark S, Malaga W, Guilhot C, Gicquel B, Martin C. Construction, characterization and preclinical evaluation of MTBVAC, the first live-attenuated M. tuberculosis-based vaccine to enter clinical trials. Vaccine 2013; 31:4867-73. [PMID: 23965219 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The development of a new tuberculosis vaccine is an urgent need due to the failure of the current vaccine, BCG, to protect against the respiratory form of the disease. MTBVAC is an attenuated Mycobacterium tuberculosis vaccine candidate genetically engineered to fulfil the Geneva consensus requirements to enter human clinical trials. We selected a M. tuberculosis clinical isolate to generate two independent deletions without antibiotic-resistance markers in the genes phoP, coding for a transcription factor key for the regulation of M. tuberculosis virulence, and fadD26, essential for the synthesis of the complex lipids phthiocerol dimycocerosates (DIM), one of the major mycobacterial virulence factors. The resultant strain MTBVAC exhibits safety and biodistribution profiles similar to BCG and confers superior protection in preclinical studies. These features have enabled MTBVAC to be the first live attenuated M. tuberculosis vaccine to enter clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainhoa Arbues
- Grupo de Genética de Micobacterias, Dpto. Microbiología, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/ Domingo Miral s/n, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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14
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Cervantes-Villagrana AR, Hernández-Pando R, Biragyn A, Castañeda-Delgado J, Bodogai M, Martínez-Fierro M, Sada E, Trujillo V, Enciso-Moreno A, Rivas-Santiago B. Prime-boost BCG vaccination with DNA vaccines based in β-defensin-2 and mycobacterial antigens ESAT6 or Ag85B improve protection in a tuberculosis experimental model. Vaccine 2012. [PMID: 23196205 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that there are about 8 million new cases annually of active Tuberculosis (TB). Despite its irregular effectiveness (0-89%), the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) BCG is the only vaccine available worldwide for prevention of TB; thus, the design is important of novel and more efficient vaccination strategies. Considering that β-defensin-2 is an antimicrobial peptide that induces dendritic cell maturation through the TLR-4 receptor and that both ESAT-6 and Ag85B are immunodominant mycobacterial antigens and efficient activators of the protective immune response, we constructed two DNA vaccines by the fusion of the gene encoding β-defensin-2 and antigens ESAT6 (pDE) and 85B (pDA). After confirming efficient local antigen expression that induced high and stable Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) production in intramuscular (i.m.) vaccinated Balb/c mice, groups of mice were vaccinated with DNA vaccines in a prime-boost regimen with BCG and with BCG alone, and 2 months later were challenged with the mild virulence reference strain H37Rv and the highly virulent clinical isolate LAM 5186. The level of protection was evaluated by survival, lung bacilli burdens, and extension of tissue damage (pneumonia). Vaccination with both DNA vaccines showed similar protection to that of BCG. After the challenge with the highly virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain, animals that were prime-boosted with BCG and then boosted with both DNA vaccines showed significant higher survival and less tissue damage than mice vaccinated only with BCG. These results suggest that improvement of BCG vaccination, such as the prime-boost DNA vaccine, represents a more efficient vaccination scheme against TB.
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15
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Saikolappan S, Estrella J, Sasindran SJ, Khan A, Armitige LY, Jagannath C, Dhandayuthapani S. The fbpA/sapM double knock out strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is highly attenuated and immunogenic in macrophages. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36198. [PMID: 22574140 PMCID: PMC3344844 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 03/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is the leading cause of death due to bacterial infections in mankind, and BCG, an attenuated strain of Mycobacterium bovis, is an approved vaccine. BCG sequesters in immature phagosomes of antigen presenting cells (APCs), which do not fuse with lysosomes, leading to decreased antigen processing and reduced Th1 responses. However, an Mtb derived ΔfbpA attenuated mutant underwent limited phagosome maturation, enhanced immunogenicity and was as effective as BCG in protecting mice against TB. To facilitate phagosome maturation of ΔfbpA, we disrupted an additional gene sapM, which encodes for an acid phosphatase. Compared to the wild type Mtb, the ΔfbpAΔsapM (double knock out; DKO) strain was attenuated for growth in mouse macrophages and PMA activated human THP1 macrophages. Attenuation correlated with increased oxidants in macrophages in response to DKO infection and enhanced labeling of lysosomal markers (CD63 and rab7) on DKO phagosomes. An in vitro Antigen 85B peptide presentation assay was used to determine antigen presentation to T cells by APCs infected with DKO or other mycobacterial strains. This revealed that DKO infected APCs showed the strongest ability to present Ag85B to T cells (>2500 pgs/mL in 4 hrs) as compared to APCs infected with wild type Mtb or ΔfbpA or ΔsapM strain (<1000 pgs/mL in 4 hrs), indicating that DKO strain has enhanced immunogenicity than other strains. The ability of DKO to undergo lysosomal fusion and vacuolar acidification correlated with antigen presentation since bafilomycin, that inhibits acidification in APCs, reduced antigen presentation. Finally, the DKO vaccine elicited a better Th1 response in mice after subcutaneous vaccination than either ΔfbpA or ΔsapM. Since ΔfbpA has been used in mice as a candidate vaccine and the DKO (ΔfbpAΔsapM) mutant is more immunogenic than ΔfbpA, we propose the DKO is a potential anti-tuberculosis vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankaralingam Saikolappan
- Regional Academic Health Center and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Edinburg, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jaymie Estrella
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Smitha J. Sasindran
- Regional Academic Health Center and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Edinburg, Texas, United States of America
| | - Arshad Khan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Lisa Y. Armitige
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Chinnaswamy Jagannath
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Subramanian Dhandayuthapani
- Regional Academic Health Center and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Edinburg, Texas, United States of America
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16
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Nambiar JK, Pinto R, Aguilo JI, Takatsu K, Martin C, Britton WJ, Triccas JA. Protective immunity afforded by attenuated, PhoP-deficient Mycobacterium tuberculosis is associated with sustained generation of CD4+ T-cell memory. Eur J Immunol 2011; 42:385-92. [PMID: 22105536 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201141903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Revised: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Definition of protective immunity induced by effective vaccines is important for the design of new pathogen control strategies. Inactivation of the PhoP response-regulator in Mycobacterium tuberculosis results in a highly attenuated strain that demonstrates impressive protective efficacy in pre-clinical models of tuberculosis. In this report we demonstrate that the protection afforded by the M. tuberculosis phoP mutant strain is associated with the long-term maintenance of CD4(+) T-cell memory. Immunization of mice with SO2 resulted in enhanced expansion of M. tuberculosis-specific CD4(+) T cells compared with vaccination with the BCG vaccine, with an increased frequency of these cells persisting at extended time-points after vaccination. Strikingly, vaccination with SO2 resulted in sustained generation of CD4(+) T cells displaying a central memory phenotype, a property not shared by BCG. Further, SO2 vaccination markedly improved the generation of polyfunctional cytokine-secreting CD4(+) T cells compared with BCG vaccination. The improved generation of functionally competent memory T cells by SO2 correlated with augmented recall responses in SO2-vaccinated animals after challenge with virulent M. tuberculosis. This study defines a mechanism for the protective effect of the SO2 vaccine and suggests that deletion of defined virulence networks may provide vaccine strains with potent immuno-stimulatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan K Nambiar
- Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunity Group, Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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17
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Bretl DJ, Demetriadou C, Zahrt TC. Adaptation to environmental stimuli within the host: two-component signal transduction systems of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2011; 75:566-82. [PMID: 22126994 PMCID: PMC3232741 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.05004-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic microorganisms encounter a variety of environmental stresses following infection of their respective hosts. Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the etiological agent of tuberculosis, is an unusual bacterial pathogen in that it is able to establish lifelong infections in individuals within granulomatous lesions that are formed following a productive immune response. Adaptation to this highly dynamic environment is thought to be mediated primarily through transcriptional reprogramming initiated in response to recognition of stimuli, including low-oxygen tension, nutrient depletion, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, altered pH, toxic lipid moieties, cell wall/cell membrane-perturbing agents, and other environmental cues. To survive continued exposure to these potentially adverse factors, M. tuberculosis encodes a variety of regulatory factors, including 11 complete two-component signal transduction systems (TCSSs) and several orphaned response regulators (RRs) and sensor kinases (SKs). This report reviews our current knowledge of the TCSSs present in M. tuberculosis. In particular, we discuss the biochemical and functional characteristics of individual RRs and SKs, the environmental stimuli regulating their activation, the regulons controlled by the various TCSSs, and the known or postulated role(s) of individual TCSSs in the context of M. tuberculosis physiology and/or pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thomas C. Zahrt
- Center for Infectious Disease Research and Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226-0509
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18
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Quezada H, Marín-Hernández A, Aguilar D, López G, Gallardo-Pérez JC, Jasso-Chávez R, González A, Saavedra E, Moreno-Sánchez R. The Lys20 homocitrate synthase isoform exerts most of the flux control over the lysine synthesis pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Microbiol 2011; 82:578-90. [PMID: 21895798 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2011.07832.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the first committed step in the lysine (Lys) biosynthetic pathway is catalysed by the Lys20 and Lys21 homocitrate synthase (HCS) isoforms. Overexpression of Lys20 resulted in eightfold increased Lys, as well as 2-oxoglutarate pools, which were not attained by overexpressing Lys21 or other pathway enzymes (Lys1, Lys9 or Lys12). A metabolic control analysis-based strategy, by gradually and individually manipulating the Lys20 and Lys21 activities demonstrated that the cooperative and strongly feedback-inhibited Lys21 isoform exerted low control of the pathway flux whereas most of the control resided on the non-cooperative and weakly feedback-inhibited Lys20 isoform. Therefore, the higher control of Lys20 over the Lys flux represents an exception to the dogma of higher pathway control by the strongest feedback-inhibited enzyme and points out to multi-site engineering (HCS isoforms and supply of precursors) to increase Lys synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Quezada
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Tlalpan, México DF, 14080, México.
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19
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Ruiz JC, D'Afonseca V, Silva A, Ali A, Pinto AC, Santos AR, Rocha AAMC, Lopes DO, Dorella FA, Pacheco LGC, Costa MP, Turk MZ, Seyffert N, Moraes PMRO, Soares SC, Almeida SS, Castro TLP, Abreu VAC, Trost E, Baumbach J, Tauch A, Schneider MPC, McCulloch J, Cerdeira LT, Ramos RTJ, Zerlotini A, Dominitini A, Resende DM, Coser EM, Oliveira LM, Pedrosa AL, Vieira CU, Guimarães CT, Bartholomeu DC, Oliveira DM, Santos FR, Rabelo ÉM, Lobo FP, Franco GR, Costa AF, Castro IM, Dias SRC, Ferro JA, Ortega JM, Paiva LV, Goulart LR, Almeida JF, Ferro MIT, Carneiro NP, Falcão PRK, Grynberg P, Teixeira SMR, Brommonschenkel S, Oliveira SC, Meyer R, Moore RJ, Miyoshi A, Oliveira GC, Azevedo V. Evidence for reductive genome evolution and lateral acquisition of virulence functions in two Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis strains. PLoS One 2011; 6:e18551. [PMID: 21533164 PMCID: PMC3078919 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2010] [Accepted: 03/11/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, a Gram-positive, facultative intracellular pathogen, is the etiologic agent of the disease known as caseous lymphadenitis (CL). CL mainly affects small ruminants, such as goats and sheep; it also causes infections in humans, though rarely. This species is distributed worldwide, but it has the most serious economic impact in Oceania, Africa and South America. Although C. pseudotuberculosis causes major health and productivity problems for livestock, little is known about the molecular basis of its pathogenicity. Methodology and Findings We characterized two C. pseudotuberculosis genomes (Cp1002, isolated from goats; and CpC231, isolated from sheep). Analysis of the predicted genomes showed high similarity in genomic architecture, gene content and genetic order. When C. pseudotuberculosis was compared with other Corynebacterium species, it became evident that this pathogenic species has lost numerous genes, resulting in one of the smallest genomes in the genus. Other differences that could be part of the adaptation to pathogenicity include a lower GC content, of about 52%, and a reduced gene repertoire. The C. pseudotuberculosis genome also includes seven putative pathogenicity islands, which contain several classical virulence factors, including genes for fimbrial subunits, adhesion factors, iron uptake and secreted toxins. Additionally, all of the virulence factors in the islands have characteristics that indicate horizontal transfer. Conclusions These particular genome characteristics of C. pseudotuberculosis, as well as its acquired virulence factors in pathogenicity islands, provide evidence of its lifestyle and of the pathogenicity pathways used by this pathogen in the infection process. All genomes cited in this study are available in the NCBI Genbank database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank/) under accession numbers CP001809 and CP001829.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerônimo C. Ruiz
- Research Center René Rachou, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Vívian D'Afonseca
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Artur Silva
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Amjad Ali
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Anne C. Pinto
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Anderson R. Santos
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Aryanne A. M. C. Rocha
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Débora O. Lopes
- Health Sciences Center, Federal University of São João Del Rei, Divinópilis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fernanda A. Dorella
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luis G. C. Pacheco
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Biointeraction Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Marcília P. Costa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Meritxell Z. Turk
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Núbia Seyffert
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Pablo M. R. O. Moraes
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Siomar C. Soares
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sintia S. Almeida
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Thiago L. P. Castro
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Vinicius A. C. Abreu
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eva Trost
- Department of Genetics, University of Bielefeld, CeBiTech, Bielefeld, Nordrhein-Westfale, Germany
| | - Jan Baumbach
- Department of Computer Science, Max-Planck-Institut für Informatik, Saarbrücken, Saarlan, Germany
| | - Andreas Tauch
- Department of Genetics, University of Bielefeld, CeBiTech, Bielefeld, Nordrhein-Westfale, Germany
| | | | - John McCulloch
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | | | | | - Adhemar Zerlotini
- Research Center René Rachou, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Anderson Dominitini
- Research Center René Rachou, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniela M. Resende
- Research Center René Rachou, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Elisângela M. Coser
- Research Center René Rachou, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luciana M. Oliveira
- Department of Phisics, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - André L. Pedrosa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Carlos U. Vieira
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Cláudia T. Guimarães
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniela C. Bartholomeu
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Diana M. Oliveira
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Fabrício R. Santos
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Élida Mara Rabelo
- Department of Parasitology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Francisco P. Lobo
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Glória R. Franco
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Flávia Costa
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ieso M. Castro
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sílvia Regina Costa Dias
- Department of Parasitology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jesus A. Ferro
- Department of Technology, State University of São Paulo, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Miguel Ortega
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luciano V. Paiva
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luiz R. Goulart
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Juliana Franco Almeida
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maria Inês T. Ferro
- Department of Technology, State University of São Paulo, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Newton P. Carneiro
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Paula R. K. Falcão
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Priscila Grynberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Santuza M. R. Teixeira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Brommonschenkel
- Department of Plant Pathology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sérgio C. Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Roberto Meyer
- Department of Biointeraction Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Anderson Miyoshi
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Guilherme C. Oliveira
- Research Center René Rachou, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics, National Institute of Science and Technology, Research Center René Rachou, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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From vaccine practice to vaccine science: the contribution of human immunology to the prevention of infectious disease. Immunol Cell Biol 2011; 89:332-9. [PMID: 21301476 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2010.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 50 years, the practice of vaccination has reached the important goal of reducing many of the diseases that afflicted humanity in past centuries. A better understanding of immunological mechanisms underlying the induction of immune protection and the advent of new technology led to improved vaccine preparations based on purified microbial antigens and new adjuvants able to boost both humoral and cellular immune responses. Despite these tremendous advances, much remains to be done. The emergence of new pathogens, the spread of strains resistant to antibiotics and the enormous increase in latent infections are urgently demanding more and more effective vaccines. Understanding the immunological mechanisms that mediate resistance against infections would certainly provide valuable information for the design of new candidate vaccines.
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Kim YJ. Efficiency of recombinant bacille Calmette-Guérin in inducing humoral and cell mediated immunities against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 third variable domain in immunized mice. Yonsei Med J 2011; 52:173-80. [PMID: 21155051 PMCID: PMC3017694 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2011.52.1.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The third variable (V3) loop of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein has been intensively studied for AIDS vaccine development. Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is widely used to immunize against tuberculosis and has many advantages as a vaccine vehicle, such as low toxicity, adjuvant potential, low cost, and long-lasting immune-inducing capacity. This work was initiated to investigate the immunogenicity of recombinant BCG (rBCG-mV3) designed to express trimeric HIV-1 V3 loop (mV3) in rBCG-mV3-immunized animals. MATERIALS AND METHODS HIV-1 V3-concatamer was cloned into pMV261, a BCG-expression vector, and then rBCG-mV3 was constructed by introducing the recombinant plasmid (pMV-V3). The recombinant BCG was examined with regard to its expression of V3-concatamer and the genetic stability in vivo and in vitro. The immune responses induced by recombinant BCG were tested in immunized mice and guinea pigs. RESULTS The rBCG-mV3 expressed detectable amounts of V3-concatamer when induced by single heat-shock. The recombinant BCG was genetically stable and maintained the introduced mV3 gene for several weeks. V3-specific antibodies were clearly detected 6 weeks after inoculation. The antibody titer rapidly increased after immunization up to 10 weeks, and then maintained for over 4 weeks. IgG2a was prevalent in the V3-specific antiserum. The recombinant BCG was also effective in inducing delayed-type hypersensitivity responses in the immunized guinea pigs. rBCG-immunized mice retained substantial amounts of V3-specific T cells in the spleen, even 5 months after the first immunization. CONCLUSION Recombinant BCG-mV3 is very efficient in inducing humoral and long-lasting cell-mediated immunity against HIV-1 V3 in the immunized animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jae Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Masan Samsung Hospital, 50 Hapseong 2-dong, Masan 630-723, Korea.
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Interactions of attenuated Mycobacterium tuberculosis phoP mutant with human macrophages. PLoS One 2010; 5:e12978. [PMID: 20885976 PMCID: PMC2945763 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Accepted: 08/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mycobacterium tuberculosis phoP mutant SO2 derived from a clinical isolate was shown to be attenuated in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages and in vivo mouse infection model and has demonstrated a high potential as attenuated vaccine candidate against tuberculosis. Methodology/Principal Findings In this study, we analyze the adhesion and the intracellular growth and trafficking of SO2 in human macrophages. Our results indicate an enhanced adhesion to phagocitic cells and impaired intracellular replication of SO2 in both monocyte-derived macrophages and human cell line THP-1 in comparison with the wild type strain, consistent with murine model. Intracellular trafficking analysis in human THP-1 cells suggest that attenuation of SO2 within macrophages could be due to an impaired ability to block phagosome-lysosome fusion compared with the parental M. tuberculosis strain. No differences were found between SO2 and the wild-type strains in the release and mycobacterial susceptibility to nitric oxide (NO) produced by infected macrophages. Conclusions/Significance SO2 has enhanced ability to bind human macrophages and differs in intracellular trafficking as to wild-type M. tuberculosis. The altered lipid profile expression of the phoP mutant SO2 and its inability to secrete ESAT-6 is discussed.
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Abstract
Given that TB still constitutes a tremendous public health problem at the start of the 21st Century, it may come as a surprise that Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), developed nearly 100 years ago, is today still the only vaccine available against TB. Owing to its limited efficiency in controlling TB, much effort has been deployed to develop new, improved vaccines, with initial preclinical models showing encouraging results. However, since most individuals worldwide have been vaccinated with BCG, new vaccine developments have to be placed in that context. Consequently, several approaches explore the heterologous prime-boost strategy. In this strategy, BCG-primed immunity will be strengthened or prolonged by the administration of antigens present in BCG but formulated in a different manner; either as purified antigens in the presence of appropriate adjuvants, as DNA vaccines or as viral-encoded mycobacterial antigens.
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Abstract
There has never been a greater need for a new protective tuberculosis vaccine. Bacille Calmette-Guerin remains the cornerstone of any vaccine strategy, but improving its immunogenicity and efficacy has now become an urgent global health priority. This review discusses the main vaccines currently in clinical development and other novel vaccine strategies in the pipeline. It addresses the key questions in vaccine design, including antigen selection, route of vaccine delivery and immune correlates of vaccine-induced protection. There is an opportunity to identify such correlates from ongoing and future Phase II/III trials and, as these emerge, they can be used to validate the most relevant and predictive animal models with which to develop the next generation of new vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Minassian
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Level 2, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.
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25
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Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis has a penetrance of its host population that would be the envy of most human pathogens. About one-third of the human population would have a positive skin test for the infection and is thus thought to harbor the bacterium. Globally, 22 "high-burden" countries account for more than 80% of the active tuberculosis cases in the world, which shows the inequitable distribution of the disease. There is no effective vaccine against infection, and current drug therapies are fraught with problems, predominantly because of the protracted nature of the treatment and the increasing occurrence of drug resistance. Here we focus on the biology of the host-pathogen interaction and discuss new and evolving strategies for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Russell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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Immunogenicity and protection induced by a Mycobacterium tuberculosis sigE mutant in a BALB/c mouse model of progressive pulmonary tuberculosis. Infect Immun 2010; 78:3168-76. [PMID: 20457786 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00023-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis is still one of the main challenges to human global health, leading to about two million deaths every year. One of the reasons for its success is the lack of efficacy of the widely used vaccine Mycobacterium bovis BCG. In this article, we analyze the potential use of an attenuated mutant of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv lacking the sigma factor sigma(E) as a live vaccine. We have demonstrated that BALB/c mice infected by the intratracheal route with this mutant strain showed significantly higher survival rates and less tissue damage than animals infected with the parental or complemented mutant strain. Although animals infected with the sigE mutant had low bacillary loads, their lungs showed significantly higher production of the protective factors gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and beta-defensins than those of animals infected with the parental or complemented mutant strain. Moreover, we demonstrate that the sigE mutant, when inoculated subcutaneously, was more attenuated than BCG in immunodeficient nude mice, thus representing a good candidate for a novel attenuated live vaccine strain. Finally, when we used the sigE mutant as a subcutaneous vaccine, it was able to induce a higher level of protection than did BCG with both H37Rv and a highly virulent strain of M. tuberculosis (Beijing code 9501000). Taken together, our findings suggest that the sigE mutant is a very promising strain for the development of a new vaccine against tuberculosis.
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Asensio JG, Arbues A, Marinova D, Martín C. Uma nova vacina viva contra a tuberculose com base na inativação do phoP. REVISTA PORTUGUESA DE PNEUMOLOGIA 2010; 16SA:S43-8. [DOI: 10.1016/s0873-2159(15)30092-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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28
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Verreck FAW, Vervenne RAW, Kondova I, van Kralingen KW, Remarque EJ, Braskamp G, van der Werff NM, Kersbergen A, Ottenhoff THM, Heidt PJ, Gilbert SC, Gicquel B, Hill AVS, Martin C, McShane H, Thomas AW. MVA.85A boosting of BCG and an attenuated, phoP deficient M. tuberculosis vaccine both show protective efficacy against tuberculosis in rhesus macaques. PLoS One 2009; 4:e5264. [PMID: 19367339 PMCID: PMC2666807 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2008] [Accepted: 03/17/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Continuous high global tuberculosis (TB) mortality rates and variable vaccine efficacy of Mycobacterium bovis Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) motivate the search for better vaccine regimes. Relevant models are required to downselect the most promising vaccines entering clinical efficacy testing and to identify correlates of protection. METHODS AND FINDINGS Here, we evaluated immunogenicity and protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in rhesus monkeys with two novel strategies: BCG boosted by modified vaccinia virus Ankara expressing antigen 85A (MVA.85A), and attenuated M. tuberculosis with a disrupted phoP gene (SO2) as a single-dose vaccine. Both strategies were well tolerated, and immunogenic as evidenced by induction of specific IFNgamma responses. Antigen 85A-specific IFNgamma secretion was specifically increased by MVA.85A boosting. Importantly, both MVA.85A and SO2 treatment significantly reduced pathology and chest X-ray scores upon infectious challenge with M. tuberculosis Erdman strain. MVA.85A and SO2 treatment also showed reduced average lung bacterial counts (1.0 and 1.2 log respectively, compared with 0.4 log for BCG) and significant protective effect by reduction in C-reactive protein levels, body weight loss, and decrease of erythrocyte-associated hematologic parameters (MCV, MCH, Hb, Ht) as markers of inflammatory infection, all relative to non-vaccinated controls. Lymphocyte stimulation revealed Ag85A-induced IFNgamma levels post-infection as the strongest immunocorrelate for protection (spearman's rho: -0.60). CONCLUSIONS Both the BCG/MVA.85A prime-boost regime and the novel live attenuated, phoP deficient TB vaccine candidate SO2 showed significant protective efficacy by various parameters in rhesus macaques. Considering the phylogenetic relationship between macaque and man and the similarity in manifestations of TB disease, these data support further development of these primary and combination TB vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank A W Verreck
- Department of Parasitology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands.
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Ryndak M, Wang S, Smith I. PhoP, a key player in Mycobacterium tuberculosis virulence. Trends Microbiol 2008; 16:528-34. [PMID: 18835713 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2008.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2008] [Revised: 08/01/2008] [Accepted: 08/25/2008] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The Mycobacterium tuberculosis PhoPR two-component system is essential for virulence in animal models of tuberculosis. Recent articles have shown that among the reasons for the attenuation of the M. tuberculosis H37Ra strain is a mutation in the phoP gene that prevents the secretion of proteins that are important for virulence. There is a need for new anti-tubercular therapies because of the emergence of multi-drug-resistant M. tuberculosis strains and also the variable efficacy of the currently used bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccine. Because of its major role in M. tuberculosis pathogenicity, PhoP is a potential target candidate. This review summarizes our understanding of PhoPR's role in virulence and discusses areas in which our knowledge is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Ryndak
- Public Health Research Institute Center, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, 225 Warren Street Newark, NJ 07103, USA
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30
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The Mycobacterium tuberculosis phoPR operon is positively autoregulated in the virulent strain H37Rv. J Bacteriol 2008; 190:7068-78. [PMID: 18757548 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00712-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The attenuated Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra strain is an isogenic counterpart of the virulent paradigm strain H37Rv. Recently, a link between a point mutation in the PhoP transcriptional regulator and avirulence of H37Ra was established. Remarkably, a previous study demonstrated negative autoregulation of the phoP gene in H37Ra. These findings led us to study the transcriptional autoregulation of PhoP in the virulent H37Rv strain. In contrast to the negative autoregulation of PhoP previously published for H37Ra, our experiments using a phoP promoter-lacZ fusion showed that PhoP is positively autoregulated in both H37Rv and H37Ra compared with an H37Rv phoP deletion mutant constructed in this study. Using quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) analysis, we showed that the phoP gene is transcribed at similar levels in H37Rv and H37Ra. Gel mobility shift and DNase I footprinting assays allowed us to identify the precise binding region of PhoP from H37Rv to the phoP promoter. We also carried out RT-PCR studies to demonstrate that phoP is transcribed together with the adjacent gene phoR, which codes for the cognate histidine kinase of the phoPR two-component system. In addition, quantitative RT-PCR studies showed that phoR is independently transcribed from a promoter possibly regulated by PhoP. Finally, we discuss the possible role in virulence of a single point mutation found in the phoP gene from the attenuated H37Ra strain but not in virulent members of the M. tuberculosis complex.
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Hashimoto D, Nagata T, Uchijima M, Seto S, Suda T, Chida K, Miyoshi H, Nakamura H, Koide Y. Intratracheal administration of third-generation lentivirus vector encoding MPT51 from Mycobacterium tuberculosis induces specific CD8+ T-cell responses in the lung. Vaccine 2008; 26:5095-100. [PMID: 18514976 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.03.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The present study evaluates the potential of improved third-generation lentivirus vector with respect to their use as an in vivo-administered T-cell vaccine against tuberculosis. Intratracheal administration of the lentivirus vector encoding MPT51 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis could induce MPT51-specific CD8+ T cells in the mediastinal lymph nodes 2 weeks after the administration. The vaccination could generate MPT51-specific memory CD8+ T cells in the lung, but not in the lymph nodes. Further, a single intratracheal immunization of MPT51 lentiviral vaccine decreased significantly the number of virulent M. tuberculosis in the lung after intratracheal challenge of the bacillus. These findings suggest that intratracheal immunization of the third-generation lentiviral vaccines is a promising vaccination strategy against pulmonary tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Hashimoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Higashi-ku, Handa-yama, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
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Asensio JAG, Arbués A, Pérez E, Gicquel B, Martin C. Live tuberculosis vaccines based onphoPmutants: a step towards clinical trials. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2008; 8:201-11. [DOI: 10.1517/14712598.8.2.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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