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Transcutaneous immunization using SLA or rLACK skews the immune response towards a Th1 profile but fails to protect BALB/c mice against a Leishmania major challenge. Vaccine 2019; 37:516-523. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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2
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Campos MP, Figueiredo FB, Morgado FN, Renzetti ARDS, de Souza SMM, Pereira SA, Rodrigues-Da-Silva RN, Lima-Junior JDC, De Luca PM. Leishmania infantum Virulence Factor A2 Protein: Linear B-Cell Epitope Mapping and Identification of Three Main Linear B-Cell Epitopes in Vaccinated and Naturally Infected Dogs. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1690. [PMID: 30090101 PMCID: PMC6068230 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In Brazil, canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) is caused by Leishmania infantum, presenting a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations. Dogs are the main parasite reservoir in urban areas and canine cases precede human infection. Currently, A2 protein based Leish-Tec® vaccine is the only vaccine commercially available against CVL in Brazil. Considering that the main screening and confirmatory tests of canine infection are serological, it is possible that the antibody response elicited after vaccination interfere with diagnosis, leading to the inability to distinguish between vaccinated and infected animals. In order to identify the specific B-cell response induced after vaccination, A2 protein sequence was screened for main linear B-cell epitopes using in silico prediction (Bepipred) and immunological confirmation by ELISA. Three amino acid sequences were described as potential B-cell epitopes (SV11-SAEPHKAAVDV, PP16-PQSVGPLSVGPQSVGP, and VQ34-VGPLSVGPQSVGPLSVGPLSVGPQAVGPLSVGPQ). Specific IgG ELISAs were performed in sera of 12 immunized dogs living in non-endemic areas, followed for up to 1 year after immunization. The results were compared with those obtained in a group of 10 symptomatic and 10 asymptomatic CVL dogs. All predicted epitopes were confirmed as linear B-cell epitopes broadly recognized by sera from studied dogs. Total IgG ELISAs demonstrated distinct patterns of response between peptides in the immunized and CVL groups. VQ34 peptide was recognized by the majority of sera from vaccinated and symptomatic dogs, and increases after vaccination. PP16 induced low levels of specific IgG that increased 1 year after immunization. Interestingly, a low frequency of reactivity was found against SV11 in naturally infected dogs (symptomatic and asymptomatic), while 83.3% of vaccinated dogs presented positive responses 1 year after immunization. The two animals in the vaccinated group that did not respond to SV11 1 year after immunization presented positive serology both 30 days and 6 months after immunization. In summary, we identified three main linear B-cell epitopes in A2 based vaccine. Moreover, the humoral response against SV11 presented marked differences between infected and Leish-Tec vaccinated dogs, and should be further investigated, in large trials, to confirm its potential as a serological marker able to distinguish between infected and vaccinated dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Paiva Campos
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Dermatozoonoses em Animais Domésticos, National Institute of Infectology Evandro Chagas-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,National Institute of Infectology Evandro Chagas-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda Nazaré Morgado
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Leishmanioses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alinne Rangel Dos Santos Renzetti
- National Institute of Infectology Evandro Chagas-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sara Maria Marques de Souza
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Dermatozoonoses em Animais Domésticos, National Institute of Infectology Evandro Chagas-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,National Institute of Infectology Evandro Chagas-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sandro Antônio Pereira
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Dermatozoonoses em Animais Domésticos, National Institute of Infectology Evandro Chagas-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,National Institute of Infectology Evandro Chagas-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Josué Da Costa Lima-Junior
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paula Mello De Luca
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Cationic liposomes formulated with a novel whole Leishmania lysate (WLL) as a vaccine for leishmaniasis in murine model. Immunobiology 2018; 223:493-500. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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4
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Fernández L, Carrillo E, Sánchez-Sampedro L, Sánchez C, Ibarra-Meneses AV, Jimenez MA, Almeida VDA, Esteban M, Moreno J. Antigenicity of Leishmania-Activated C-Kinase Antigen (LACK) in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells, and Protective Effect of Prime-Boost Vaccination With pCI-neo-LACK Plus Attenuated LACK-Expressing Vaccinia Viruses in Hamsters. Front Immunol 2018; 9:843. [PMID: 29740446 PMCID: PMC5924775 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmania-activated C-kinase antigen (LACK) is a highly conserved protein among Leishmania species and is considered a viable vaccine candidate for human leishmaniasis. In animal models, prime-boost vaccination with LACK-expressing plasmids plus attenuated vaccinia viruses (modified vaccinia Ankara [MVA] and mutant M65) expressing LACK, has been shown to protect against cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). Further, LACK demonstrated to induce the production of protective cytokines in patients with active CL or cured visceral leishmaniasis, as well as in asymptomatic individuals from endemic areas. However, whether LACK is capable to trigger cytokine release by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients cured of CL due to Leishmania infantum (L. infantum) or induce protection in L. infantum-infected hamsters [visceral leishmaniasis (VL) model], has not yet been analyzed. The present work examines the ex vivo immunogenicity of LACK in cured VL and CL patients, and asymptomatic subjects from an L. infantum area. It also evaluates the vaccine potential of LACK against L. infantum infection in hamsters, in a protocol of priming with plasmid pCI-neo-LACK (DNA-LACK) followed by a booster with the poxvirus vectors MVA-LACK or M65-LACK. LACK-stimulated PBMC from both asymptomatic and cured subjects responded by producing IFN-γ, TNF-α, and granzyme B (Th1-type response). Further, 78% of PBMC samples that responded to soluble Leishmania antigen showed IFN-γ secretion following stimulation with LACK. In hamsters, the protocol of DNA-LACK prime/MVA-LACK or M65-LACK virus boost vaccination significantly reduced the amount of Leishmania DNA in the liver and bone marrow, with no differences recorded between the use of MVA or M65 virus vector options. In summary, the Th1-type and cytotoxic responses elicited by LACK in PBMC from human subjects infected with L. infantum, and the parasite protective effect of prime/boost vaccination in hamsters with DNA-LACK/MVA-LACK and DNA-LACK/M65-LACK, revealed the significance of LACK in activating human and hamster immune responses and support LACK to be a valuable candidate for inclusion in a vaccine against human VL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Fernández
- WHO Collaborating Center for Leishmaniasis, National Center of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eugenia Carrillo
- WHO Collaborating Center for Leishmaniasis, National Center of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucas Sánchez-Sampedro
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Sánchez
- WHO Collaborating Center for Leishmaniasis, National Center of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Victoria Ibarra-Meneses
- WHO Collaborating Center for Leishmaniasis, National Center of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Angeles Jimenez
- Departamento Medicina y Cirugia Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Mariano Esteban
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Moreno
- WHO Collaborating Center for Leishmaniasis, National Center of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Mendonça SCF. Differences in immune responses against Leishmania induced by infection and by immunization with killed parasite antigen: implications for vaccine discovery. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:492. [PMID: 27600664 PMCID: PMC5013623 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1777-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The leishmaniases are a group of diseases caused by different species of the protozoan genus Leishmania and transmitted by sand fly vectors. They are a major public health problem in almost all continents. There is no effective control of leishmaniasis and its geographical distribution is expanding in many countries. Great effort has been made by many scientists to develop a vaccine against leishmaniasis, but, so far, there is still no effective vaccine against the disease. The only way to generate protective immunity against leishmaniasis in humans is leishmanization, consisting of the inoculation of live virulent Leishmania as a means to acquire long-lasting immunity against subsequent infections. At present, all that we know about human immune responses to Leishmania induced by immunization with killed parasite antigens came from studies with first generation candidate vaccines (killed promastigote extracts). In the few occasions that the T cell-mediated immune responses to Leishmania induced by infection and immunization with killed parasite antigens were compared, important differences were found both in humans and in animals. This review discusses these differences and their relevance to the development of a vaccine against leishmaniasis, the major problems involved in this task, the recent prospects for the selection of candidate antigens and the use of attenuated Leishmania as live vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio C F Mendonça
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. 4365 - Manguinhos, 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Higa LH, Arnal L, Vermeulen M, Perez AP, Schilrreff P, Mundiña-Weilenmann C, Yantorno O, Vela ME, Morilla MJ, Romero EL. Ultradeformable Archaeosomes for Needle Free Nanovaccination with Leishmania braziliensis Antigens. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150185. [PMID: 26934726 PMCID: PMC4774928 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Total antigens from Leishmania braziliensis promastigotes, solubilized with sodium cholate (dsLp), were formulated within ultradeformable nanovesicles (dsLp-ultradeformable archaeosomes, (dsLp-UDA), and dsLp-ultradeformable liposomes (dsLp-UDL)) and topically administered to Balb/c mice. Ultradeformable nanovesicles can penetrate the intact stratum corneum up to the viable epidermis, with no aid of classical permeation enhancers that can damage the barrier function of the skin. Briefly, 100 nm unilamellar dsLp-UDA (soybean phosphatidylcholine: Halorubrum tebenquichense total polar lipids (TPL): sodium cholate, 3:3:1 w:w) of -31.45 mV Z potential, containing 4.84 ± 0.53% w/w protein/lipid dsLp, 235 KPa Young modulus were prepared. In vitro, dsLp-UDA was extensively taken up by J774A1 and bone marrow derive cells, and the only that induced an immediate secretion of IL-6, IL-12p40 and TNF-α, followed by IL-1β, by J774A1 cells. Such extensive uptake is a key feature of UDA ascribed to the highly negatively charged archaeolipids of the TPL, which are recognized by a receptor specialized in uptake and not involved in downstream signaling. Despite dsLp alone was also immunostimulatory on J774A1 cells, applied twice a week on consecutive days along 7 weeks on Balb/c mice, it raised no measurable response unless associated to UDL or UDA. The highest systemic response, IgGa2 mediated, 1 log lower than im dsLp Al2O3, was elicited by dsLp-UDA. Such findings suggest that in vivo, UDL and UDA acted as penetration enhancers for dsLp, but only dsLp-UDA, owed to its pronounced uptake by APC, succeeded as topical adjuvants. The actual TPL composition, fully made of sn2,3 ether linked saturated archaeolipids, gives the UDA bilayer resistance against chemical, physical and enzymatic attacks that destroy ordinary phospholipids bilayers. Together, these properties make UDA a promising platform for topical drug targeted delivery and vaccination, that may be of help for countries with a deficient healthcare system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia H. Higa
- Nanomedicine Research Program, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Roque Saenz Peña 352, Bernal, Argentina B1876BXD
| | - Laura Arnal
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Universidad Nacional de La Plata-CONICET, Sucursal 4 Casilla de Correo 16, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Mónica Vermeulen
- Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), CONICET-UBA, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Junin 956, 4° piso, 1113, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Paula Perez
- Nanomedicine Research Program, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Roque Saenz Peña 352, Bernal, Argentina B1876BXD
| | - Priscila Schilrreff
- Nanomedicine Research Program, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Roque Saenz Peña 352, Bernal, Argentina B1876BXD
| | | | - Osvaldo Yantorno
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Fermentaciones Industriales (CINDEFI), UNLP. 50 No. 227, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - María Elena Vela
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Universidad Nacional de La Plata-CONICET, Sucursal 4 Casilla de Correo 16, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - María José Morilla
- Nanomedicine Research Program, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Roque Saenz Peña 352, Bernal, Argentina B1876BXD
| | - Eder Lilia Romero
- Nanomedicine Research Program, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Roque Saenz Peña 352, Bernal, Argentina B1876BXD
- * E-mail:
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Macedo ABB, Sánchez-Arcila JC, Schubach AO, Mendonça SCF, Marins-Dos-Santos A, de Fatima Madeira M, Gagini T, Pimentel MIF, De Luca PM. Multifunctional CD4⁺ T cells in patients with American cutaneous leishmaniasis. Clin Exp Immunol 2012; 167:505-13. [PMID: 22288594 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2011.04536.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a group of important parasitic diseases affecting millions worldwide. To understand more clearly the quality of T helper type 1 (Th1) response stimulated after Leishmania infection, we applied a multiparametric flow cytometry protocol to evaluate multifunctional T cells induced by crude antigen extracts obtained from promastigotes of Leishmania braziliensis (LbAg) and Leishmania amazonensis (LaAg) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healed cutaneous leishmaniasis patients. Although no significant difference was detected in the percentage of total interferon (IFN)-γ-producing CD4(+) T cells induced by both antigens, multiparametric flow cytometry analysis revealed clear differences in the quality of Th1 responses. LbAg induced an important proportion of multifunctional CD4(+) T cells (28% of the total Th1 response evaluated), whereas LaAg induced predominantly single-positive cells (68%), and 57% of those were IFN-γ single-positives. Multifunctional CD4(+) T cells showed the highest mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) for the three Th1 cytokines assessed and MFIs for IFN-γ and interleukin-2 from those cells stimulated with LbAg were significantly higher than those obtained after LaAg stimulation. These major differences observed in the generation of multifunctional CD4(+) T cells suggest that the quality of the Th1 response induced by L. amazonensis antigens can be involved in the mechanisms responsible for the high susceptibility observed in L. amazonensis-infected individuals. Ultimately, our results call attention to the importance of studying a Th1 response regarding its quality, not just its magnitude, and indicate that this kind of evaluation might help understanding of the complex and diverse immunopathogenesis of American tegumentary leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B B Macedo
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Meddeb-Garnaoui A, Toumi A, Ghelis H, Mahjoub M, Louzir H, Chenik M. Cellular and humoral responses induced by Leishmania histone H2B and its divergent and conserved parts in cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis patients, respectively. Vaccine 2009; 28:1881-6. [PMID: 20005858 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.11.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2009] [Revised: 11/03/2009] [Accepted: 11/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Leishmania histone H2B has been reported to be a promising candidate for both vaccination and serodiagnosis. We evaluated the cellular immune responses induced by H2B and its divergent amino-terminal (H2B-N) and conserved carboxy-terminal (H2B-C) regions in individuals with a history of Localized Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (LCL) due to Leishmania (L.) major. H2B induced significantly high PBMC proliferation and IFNgamma levels in LCL individuals whereas significantly lower proliferation and IFNgamma levels were observed with the divergent part of the protein. All proteins induced IL10 in LCL and healthy individuals. We also evaluated the humoral responses induced by these proteins in patients with Mediterranean Visceral Leishmaniasis (MVL) due to L. infantum. H2B and H2B-N were highly recognized by MVL sera. Our results show that the entire H2B protein is more efficient than its amino- and carboxy-terminal regions in inducing a dominant Th1 profile in cured LCL subjects and suggest that this protein may constitute a potential vaccine against leishmaniasis. Furthermore, H2B and H2B-N are interesting antigens for serodiagnosis of MVL.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Meddeb-Garnaoui
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Vaccinology and Molecular Genetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunisia.
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Cellular and humoral responses to Leishmania major virulence factors in healed cutaneous leishmaniasis and Mediterranean visceral leishmaniasis patients. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2009; 16:956-8. [PMID: 19339488 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00023-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cellular and humoral immune responses of healed cutaneous leishmaniasis and Mediterranean visceral leishmaniasis patients were evaluated against results for Leishmania major virulence proteins L. major protein disulfide isomerase (LmPDI) and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK). Only MAPKK induces significant peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation with gamma interferon production as well as antibody responses. Thus, MAPKK may be of interest in Leishmania vaccination and serodiagnosis.
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