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Tenggara JB, Rachman A, Prihartono J, Rachmadi L, Panigoro SS, Heriyanto DS, Sutandyo N, Nasution IR, Rahadiati FB, Steven R, Betsy R, Juanputra S, Sudoyo AW. The relationship between high ratios of CD4/FOXP3 and CD8/CD163 and the improved survivability of metastatic triple-negative breast cancer patients: a multicenter cohort study. BMC Res Notes 2024; 17:44. [PMID: 38308298 PMCID: PMC10835864 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-024-06704-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has been documented as the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer. This study aimed to analyze antitumor and protumor immune activities, and their ratios as significant prognostic biomarkers in metastatic TNBC (mTNBC). METHODS A multicenter cohort study was conducted among 103 de novo mTNBC patients. The expression of CD8 and CD163 was evaluated using immunohistochemistry staining, CD4 and FOXP3 using double-staining immunohistochemistry, and PD-L1 using immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. RESULTS Multivariate analysis revealed that high CD4/FOXP3 (HR 1.857; 95% CI 1.049-3.288; p = 0.034) and the CD8/CD163 ratio (HR 2.089; 95% CI 1.174-3.717; p = 0.012) yield significantly improved 1 year overall survival (OS). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that high levels of CD4 (p = 0.023), CD8 (p = 0.043), CD4/FOXP3 (p = 0.016), CD8/FOXP3 (p = 0.005), CD8/CD163 (p = 0.005) ratios were significantly associated with higher rate of 1 year OS. Furthermore, 1 year OS was directly correlated with antitumor CD4 (R = 0.233; p = 0.018) and CD8 (R = 0.219; p = 0.026) and was indirectly correlated with protumor CD163 and FOXP3 through CD4/FOXP3 (R = 0.282; p = 0.006), CD4/CD163 (R = 0.239; p = 0.015), CD8/FOXP3 (R = 0.260; p = 0.008), and CD8/CD163 (R = 0.258; p = 0.009). CONCLUSION This is the first study to demonstrate that high levels of CD4/FOXP3 and CD8/CD163 significantly improved the 1 year OS in de novo mTNBC patients. Thus, we recommend the application of these markers as prognosis determination and individual treatment decision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffry Beta Tenggara
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital-Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Pangeran Diponegoro No. 71, RW.5, Kec. Senen, Central Jakarta, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia.
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, MRCCC Siloam Hospital Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Andhika Rachman
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital-Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Pangeran Diponegoro No. 71, RW.5, Kec. Senen, Central Jakarta, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, MRCCC Siloam Hospital Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Joedo Prihartono
- Department of Community Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital-Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Lisnawati Rachmadi
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital-Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Sonar Soni Panigoro
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital-Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Didik Setyo Heriyanto
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Dr. Sardjito Hospital-Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Noorwati Sutandyo
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dharmais National Cancer Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Intan Russianna Nasution
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Gatot Soebroto Army Hospital Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Familia Bella Rahadiati
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Gatot Soebroto Army Hospital Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ricci Steven
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital-Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Pangeran Diponegoro No. 71, RW.5, Kec. Senen, Central Jakarta, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, MRCCC Siloam Hospital Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Rachelle Betsy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital-Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Samuel Juanputra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital-Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Aru Wisaksono Sudoyo
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital-Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Pangeran Diponegoro No. 71, RW.5, Kec. Senen, Central Jakarta, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, MRCCC Siloam Hospital Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Low YH, Loh CJL, Peh DYY, Chu AJM, Han S, Toh HC. Pathogenesis and therapeutic implications of EBV-associated epithelial cancers. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1202117. [PMID: 37901329 PMCID: PMC10600384 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1202117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), one of the most common human viruses, has been associated with both lymphoid and epithelial cancers. Undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), EBV associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC) and lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC) are amongst the few common epithelial cancers that EBV has been associated with. The pathogenesis of EBV-associated NPC has been well described, however, the same cannot be said for primary pulmonary LELC (PPLELC) owing to the rarity of the cancer. In this review, we outline the pathogenesis of EBV-associated NPC and EBVaGCs and their recent advances. By drawing on similarities between NPC and PPLELC, we then also postulated the pathogenesis of PPLELC. A deeper understanding about the pathogenesis of EBV enables us to postulate the pathogenesis of other EBV associated cancers such as PPLELC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hua Low
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Daniel Yang Yao Peh
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Axel Jun Ming Chu
- Singapore Health Services Internal Medicine Residency Programme, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shuting Han
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Han Chong Toh
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Zhang Q, Xu M. EBV-induced T-cell responses in EBV-specific and nonspecific cancers. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1250946. [PMID: 37841280 PMCID: PMC10576448 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1250946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous human tumor virus associated with various malignancies, including B-lymphoma, NK and T-lymphoma, and epithelial carcinoma. It infects B lymphocytes and epithelial cells within the oropharynx and establishes persistent infection in memory B cells. With a balanced virus-host interaction, most individuals carry EBV asymptomatically because of the lifelong surveillance by T cell immunity against EBV. A stable anti-EBV T cell repertoire is maintained in memory at high frequency in the blood throughout persistent EBV infection. Patients with impaired T cell immunity are more likely to develop life-threatening lymphoproliferative disorders, highlighting the critical role of T cells in achieving the EBV-host balance. Recent studies reveal that the EBV protein, LMP1, triggers robust T-cell responses against multiple tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) in B cells. Additionally, EBV-specific T cells have been identified in EBV-unrelated cancers, raising questions about their role in antitumor immunity. Herein, we summarize T-cell responses in EBV-related cancers, considering latency patterns, host immune status, and factors like human leukocyte antigen (HLA) susceptibility, which may affect immune outcomes. We discuss EBV-induced TAA-specific T cell responses and explore the potential roles of EBV-specific T cell subsets in tumor microenvironments. We also describe T-cell immunotherapy strategies that harness EBV antigens, ranging from EBV-specific T cells to T cell receptor-engineered T cells. Lastly, we discuss the involvement of γδ T-cells in EBV infection and associated diseases, aiming to elucidate the comprehensive interplay between EBV and T-cell immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Wang L, Wang D, Yang L, Zeng X, Zhang Q, Liu G, Pan Y. Cuproptosis related genes associated with Jab1 shapes tumor microenvironment and pharmacological profile in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:989286. [PMID: 36618352 PMCID: PMC9816571 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.989286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is the most common subcategory of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). This study focused on the roles of cuproptosis related genes and Jab1 in the tumor microenvironment of NPC and HNSCC. Methods Differential expression analysis of Jab1 and cuproptosis related genes in tumor cell enriched region (PanCK-expressing) and immune cell enriched region (CD45-expressing) of NPC microenvironment were performed by packages of R software. Survival analysis was performed using the survival and survminer packages. Corrplot package was used for correlation analysis. ConsensusClusterPlus package was used for cluster clustering among different regions of NPC, and functional enrichment analysis was performed using GSVA, GSEABase, clusterProfiler, org.Hs.eg.db and enrichplot packages. The pRRophetic package was used to predict drug sensitivity in NPC and HNSCC. Results Relationships exist between cuproptosis related genes and Jab1 in the NPC microenvironment. The expression of cuproptosis related genes and Jab1 differed between tumor cell enriched region and immune cell enriched region. AKT inhibitor VIII, Doxorubicin, Bleomycin and Etoposide showed higher sensitivity to tumor cell than immune cell. In the high Jab1 group, higher expression of ATP7A, DBT, DLD and LIAS were associated with better prognosis of HNSCC patients. In contrast, in the low Jab1 group, higher expression of these genes is associated with worse prognosis of HNSCC patients. Conclusions Prognostic cuproptosis related genes and Jab1 provided a basis for targeted therapy and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dujuan Wang
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Houjie Hospital of Dongguan, the Affiliated Houjie Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaojiao Zeng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Guohong Liu
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,*Correspondence: Guohong Liu, ; Yunbao Pan,
| | - Yunbao Pan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China,*Correspondence: Guohong Liu, ; Yunbao Pan,
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Li A, Wu W, Deng S, Yang Q, He J, Wu H, Wang H, Zhang J, Feng Q, Shao J, Zeng Y, Cai M. Expression of Programmed Death Ligand-2 is associated with Prognosis in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Microenviroment. J Cancer 2022; 13:3606-3614. [PMID: 36606190 PMCID: PMC9809305 DOI: 10.7150/jca.77643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although immune checkpoint inhibitors have opened a new mode of treatment for solid tumors, their efficacy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) needs to be further investigated. Inhibitors of the PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint are one of the hot topics in tumor immunotherapy. Programmed death ligand-2 (PD-L2) is a less studied ligand of PD-1 and has not yet been fully explored, especially in NPC. Understanding the clinical significance of PD-L2 expression, together with immune cell infiltration, might provide clues for biomarker screening in NPC immunotherapy. This study aimed to evaluate the role of PD-L2 as a prognostic factor for NPC patients as well as its role in immune regulation. Methods: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed on a tissue microarray including 557 NPC specimens using PD-L2 antibody. The immune cell markers CD4, FOXP3 and CD68 were also stained and quantified. The expression of PD-L2 exhibited different spatial patterns among NPC tumor and stromal tissues. Results: A total of 90.8% of the cases showed membranous PD-L2 expression in tumors, and 80.8% showed membranous PD-L2 expression in stromal tissue. High stromal expression of PD-L2 predicted favorable overall and disease-free survival of NPC patients and was negatively correlated with tumor size, recurrence or metastasis and clinical stage. In contrast, high tumor abundance of PD-L2 correlated with poor disease-free survival, but had no obvious correlation with clinicopathological parameters. Multivariate analysis indicated that stromal PD-L2 was an independent and favorable prognostic factor. Furthermore, we found a positive correlation between stromal PD-L2 expression and the infiltration of CD68+ macrophages and CD4+Foxp3+ Treg cells in NPC stromal tissues (Pearson correlation=0.181 and 0.098, respectively). Conclusions: Our results suggest that different PD-L2 expression patterns have distinct predictive values. PD-L2 expressed on stromal cells might play a role in the regulation of NPC progression, and involve in immune activation in the tissue microenvironment and have an independent good prognosis for NPC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aixin Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, the First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Weijun Wu
- Department of Radiotherapy, the First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Shengling Deng
- Department of Anesthesia, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Department of Radiotherapy, the First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Junyan He
- Department of Radiotherapy, the First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Haibiao Wu
- Department of Radiotherapy, the First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Haiyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Jiaxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Qisheng Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Jianyong Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yixin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Manbo Cai
- Department of Radiotherapy, the First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.,✉ Corresponding author: Manbo Cai, No 69. Chuanshan Road, Hengyang Shigu District, Hunan Province, 421001, China. E-mail:
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Jiromaru R, Nakagawa T, Yasumatsu R. Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Current and Emerging Treatment Options. Cancer Manag Res 2022; 14:2681-2689. [PMID: 36117730 PMCID: PMC9480178 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s341472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has seen improved treatment outcomes and a decrease in incidence worldwide in recent years due to developments in medicine and improved public health. However, 70% of cases are still diagnosed at advanced stages and these advanced NPC cases show a poor prognosis. Reports on current and future treatment in advanced NPC are summarized. Chemoradiotherapy is the mainstay of treatment for advanced NPC. The administration of platinum agents as a concurrent drug and intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) is the most appropriate irradiation method, and is associated with high local control rates. For induction and adjuvant chemotherapy, platinum-based two- or three-drug combination chemotherapy is recommended. The tumour volume, plasma Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-DNA levels, and the tumour site are used to determine the indication for adjuvant and neo-adjuvant chemotherapy. The tolerability of induction chemotherapy is controversial, and the indications and timing should be carefully considered in each case. Chemotherapy is used for patients with distant metastasis. Gemcitabine/cisplatin is the first-line regimen. The efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment has recently been reported for NPC and, as in other areas of the head and neck, it is expected to be effective for patients with recurrent/distant metastasis. Trials are underway for various uses of ICIs, including induction chemotherapy, postoperative treatment, and use in combination with chemoradiotherapy. Immunotherapy for NPC, an EBV-associated cancer, has been reported to have some efficacy with immunotherapy used in other EBV-associated cancers. Immunotherapy may be introduced for NPC in the future, depending on the results of clinical trials. Future changes in the treatment of NPC are expected to include risk classification based on plasma EBV-DNA levels and the development of personalized treatment with individual selection of timing and type of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Jiromaru
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakagawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryuji Yasumatsu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
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Jorapur A, Marshall LA, Jacobson S, Xu M, Marubayashi S, Zibinsky M, Hu DX, Robles O, Jackson JJ, Baloche V, Busson P, Wustrow D, Brockstedt DG, Talay O, Kassner PD, Cutler G. EBV+ tumors exploit tumor cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic mechanisms to produce regulatory T cell-recruiting chemokines CCL17 and CCL22. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010200. [PMID: 35025968 PMCID: PMC8791514 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) is involved in the etiology of multiple hematologic and epithelial human cancers. EBV+ tumors employ multiple immune escape mechanisms, including the recruitment of immunosuppressive regulatory T cells (Treg). Here, we show some EBV+ tumor cells express high levels of the chemokines CCL17 and CCL22 both in vitro and in vivo and that this expression mirrors the expression levels of expression of the EBV LMP1 gene in vitro. Patient samples from lymphoblastic (Hodgkin lymphoma) and epithelial (nasopharyngeal carcinoma; NPC) EBV+ tumors revealed CCL17 and CCL22 expression of both tumor cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic origin, depending on tumor type. NPCs grown as mouse xenografts likewise showed both mechanisms of chemokine production. Single cell RNA-sequencing revealed in vivo tumor cell-intrinsic CCL17 and CCL22 expression combined with expression from infiltrating classical resident and migratory dendritic cells in a CT26 colon cancer mouse tumor engineered to express LMP1. These data suggest that EBV-driven tumors employ dual mechanisms for CCL17 and CCL22 production. Importantly, both in vitro and in vivo Treg migration was effectively blocked by a novel, small molecule antagonist of CCR4, CCR4-351. Antagonism of the CCR4 receptor may thus be an effective means of activating the immune response against a wide spectrum of EBV+ tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Jorapur
- Discovery Biology, RAPT Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Lisa A. Marshall
- Quantitative Biology, RAPT Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Scott Jacobson
- Discovery Biology, RAPT Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Mengshu Xu
- Computational Biology, RAPT Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Sachie Marubayashi
- Discovery Biology, RAPT Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Mikhail Zibinsky
- Drug Discovery, RAPT Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Dennis X. Hu
- Drug Discovery, RAPT Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Omar Robles
- Drug Discovery, RAPT Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey J. Jackson
- Drug Discovery, RAPT Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Valentin Baloche
- CNRS-UMR 8126, Gustave Roussy and Paris-Sud/Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
| | - Pierre Busson
- CNRS-UMR 8126, Gustave Roussy and Paris-Sud/Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
| | - David Wustrow
- Drug Discovery, RAPT Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Dirk G. Brockstedt
- Discovery Biology, RAPT Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Oezcan Talay
- Discovery Biology, RAPT Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Paul D. Kassner
- Quantitative Biology, RAPT Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Gene Cutler
- Computational Biology, RAPT Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
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Allen DZ, Aljabban J, Silverman D, McDermott S, Wanner RA, Rohr M, Hadley D, Panahiazar M. Meta-Analysis illustrates possible role of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced tissue injury in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) pathogenesis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258187. [PMID: 34648530 PMCID: PMC8516236 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a cancer of epithelial origin with a high incidence in certain populations. While NPC has a high remission rate with concomitant chemoradiation, recurrences are frequent, and the downstream morbidity of treatment is significant. Thus, it is imperative to find alternative therapies. Methods We employed a Search Tag Analyze Resource (STARGEO) platform to conduct a meta-analysis using the National Center for Biotechnology’s (NCBI) Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) to define NPC pathogenesis. We identified 111 tumor samples and 43 healthy nasopharyngeal epithelium samples from NPC public patient data. We analyzed associated signatures in Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA), restricting genes that showed statistical significance (p<0.05) and an absolute experimental log ratio greater than 0.15 between disease and control samples. Results Our meta-analysis identified activation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced tissue injury in NPC tissue. Additionally, interleukin-1 (IL-1) and SB203580 were the top upstream regulators. Tumorigenesis-related genes such as homeobox A10 (HOXA10) and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2 or COX-2) as well as those associated with extracellular matrix degradation, such as matrix metalloproteinases 1 and 3 (MMP-1, MMP-3) were also upregulated. Decreased expression of genes that encode proteins associated with maintaining healthy nasal respiratory epithelium structural integrity, including sentan-cilia apical structure protein (SNTN) and lactotransferrin (LTF) was documented. Importantly, we found that etanercept inhibits targets upregulated in NPC and LPS induction, such as MMP-1, PTGS2, and possibly MMP-3. Conclusions Our analysis illustrates that nasal epithelial barrier dysregulation and maladaptive immune responses are key components of NPC pathogenesis along with LPS-induced tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Z. Allen
- The Ohio State College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Jihad Aljabban
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Dustin Silverman
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Ohio State Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Sean McDermott
- The Ohio State College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ross A. Wanner
- The Ohio State College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Michael Rohr
- University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States of America
| | - Dexter Hadley
- Department of Pathology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States of America
| | - Maryam Panahiazar
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
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Lin Z, Zhang X, Luo Y, Chen Y, Yuan Y. The value of hemoglobin-to-red blood cell distribution width ratio (Hb/RDW), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) for the diagnosis of nasopharyngeal cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e26537. [PMID: 34260530 PMCID: PMC8284718 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000026537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical significance of hemoglobin-to-red blood cell distribution width (Hb/RDW) for the diagnosis of nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) has not been reported yet. This study aimed to evaluate the value of preoperative Hb/RDW, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) for the diagnosis of NPC.A total of 180 NPC patients (NPC group) and 149 healthy subjects (control group) were recruited to assess the value of Hb/RDW, NLR, and PLR for the diagnosis of NPC.It was noted that NLR and PLR were significantly higher in the NPC group than those in the control group (P < .001); however, Hb/RDW was lower in the NPC group compared with that in the control group (P < .001). NLR was also remarkably different between patients of stage I+II and those of stage III+IV (P = .043), and that was different in patients with lymph node metastases or not (P = .030). Besides, PLR was significantly different in patients with serosal invasion or not (P = .031). In receiver operating characteristic curve, compared with Hb/RDW alone (sensitivity, 66.67%; specificity, 85.23%), the sensitivity (67.78%, 72.78%) and specificity (89.62%, 90.6%) of Hb/RDW with NLR and PLR were both increased. Furthermore, Hb/RDW combined with NLR area under the ROC (AUC), 0.824; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.779-0.864, P = .0080) or PLR (AUC: 0.851, 95% CI: 0.808-0.888, P = .0002) had a greater AUC value for the diagnosis of NPC compared with Hb/RDW alone (AUC: 0.781, 95% CI: 0.732-0.824).Hb/RDW can be used as a valuable indicator for auxiliary diagnosis of NPC. Preoperative Hb/RDW combined with NLR or PLR is of great significance in the auxiliary diagnosis and pathological staging of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyuan Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yu Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - Yanyun Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - Yulin Yuan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences
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10
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Wang J, Luo Y, Bi P, Lu J, Wang F, Liu X, Zhang B, Li X. Mechanisms of Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 1 favor Tregs accumulation in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cancer Med 2020; 9:5598-5608. [PMID: 32573058 PMCID: PMC7402843 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Documented reports proved that Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) infection increased infiltration of Tregs in malignancy. However, the mechanism of EBV recruitment Tregs into nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) tissues has not been detailed discussion. Methods Expression of EBV nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) and Foxp3 in NPC tissue samples was detected by immunohistochemistry. EBNA1+ NPC cell lines were used to coculture with PBMC, naïve T cells, Tregs, and monocytes. Percent of Treg was detected by flow cytometry. Results EBNA1 protein was overexpressed in NPC tissues, and was associated with a number of infiltrated Tregs. EBNA1+ NPC cells converted naïve T cells into Tregs by up‐regulated TGF‐β1. Enhanced CCL20 production in EBNA1‐expressed tumor cells increased Tregs migration. Polarized‐M2 macrophages by EBNA1 expression cells converted naïve T cells into Tregs. Conclusions EBNA1 favors accumulation of Tregs in NPC through: (a) upregulated TGF‐β1 converted naïve T cell into Treg; (b) upregulated CCL20 increased Treg migration; and (c) polarized‐M2 macrophage converted naïve T cell into Treg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunfan Luo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei Bi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiong Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bao Zhang
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangping Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Lu J, Chen XM, Huang HR, Zhao FP, Wang F, Liu X, Li XP. Detailed analysis of inflammatory cell infiltration and the prognostic impact on nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Head Neck 2018; 40:1245-1253. [PMID: 29493822 DOI: 10.1002/hed.25104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery; Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
| | - Xiao-Mei Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery; Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
| | - Hao-Ran Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery; Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
| | - Fei-Peng Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery; Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University; Southwest Medical University; Luzhou China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery; Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
| | - Xiong Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery; Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
| | - Xiang-Ping Li
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery; Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
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12
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Yi M, Cai J, Li J, Chen S, Zeng Z, Peng Q, Ban Y, Zhou Y, Li X, Xiong W, Li G, Xiang B. Rediscovery of NF-κB signaling in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: How genetic defects of NF-κB pathway interplay with EBV in driving oncogenesis? J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:5537-5549. [PMID: 29266238 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a unique EBV-associated subtype of head and neck cancer, which has the highest incidence in Southern China and eastern South Asia. The interaction between genetic risk factors and environmental challenge, have been considered to contribute to the development of nasopharyngeal carcinogenesis. Constitutive activation of NF-κB signaling has been seen in NPC tissues and is associated with unfavorable prognosis. Recently, several whole exome sequencing study consistently revealed that high frequency mutations of NF-κB pathway negative regulators is common in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, which reinforce the importance of NF-κB driving oncogenesis. This review focuses on the current state of research in role of NF-κB in NPC carcinogenesis. We summarized the newly identified loss of function (LOF) mutations on NF-κB negative regulators leading to it's activation bypass LMP-1 stimulation. We discussed the critical role of NF-κB activation in immortalization and transformation of nasopharygeal epithelium. We also depicted how NF-κB signaling mediated chronic inflammation contribute to persistent EBV infection, immune evasion of EBV infected cells, metabolic reprogramming, and cancer stem cells (CSCs) formation in NPC. Lastly, we discussed the clinical resonance of targeting NF-κB for NPC precise therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yi
- Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, The Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Cai
- Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, The Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Junjun Li
- Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, The Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shengnan Chen
- Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, The Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, The Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qian Peng
- Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, The Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ban
- Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, The Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, The Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, The Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, The Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guiyuan Li
- Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, The Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bo Xiang
- Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, The Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
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13
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The immunologic advantage of recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma from the viewpoint of Galectin-9/Tim-3-related changes in the tumour microenvironment. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10349. [PMID: 28871094 PMCID: PMC5583393 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10386-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Given salvage treatment for recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains a clinical dilemma, immunotherapy targeting NPC-specific immunosuppression may bring new hope. We analyzed the expression of CD8, CD4, Foxp3 and Tim-3 in lymphocytes, and of Galectin-9 in tumour cells between paired primary and recurrent NPC from 95 patients and we noted that there was significant increase in the expression of Galectin-9+ tumour cells (p < 0.001) and Foxp3+ lymphocytes (p < 0.001) but a significant decrease in the expression of CD8+ lymphocytes (p = 0.01) between paired primary and recurrent NPC. Of all patients, 53 patients (55.79%) and 57 patients (60%) had increased percentages of Galectin-9+ tumour cells and of Foxp3+ lymphocytes, respectively. Conversely, 42 patients (44.21%) had decreased percentages of CD8+ lymphocytes. The patients with high Galectin-9 expression in recurrent NPC frequently also had high Tim-3 (p = 0.04) and Foxp3 (p = 0.01), and low CD8 (p = 0.04) expression in lymphocytes. After multivariate analyses, low CD8 expression in lymphocytes was an independent risk factor for relapse-free survival (p = 0.002) and overall survival (p = 0.02). Our data suggests that recurrent NPC may had more immunologic advantage than primary NPC, especially the Galectin-9/Tim-3 pathway. The immunotherapies targeting Galectin-9/Tim-3/Foxp3 interaction may serve as a potential salvage treatment for recurrent NPC.
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Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is arguably one of the most successful pathogens of humans, persistently infecting over ninety percent of the world's population. Despite this high frequency of carriage, the virus causes apparently few adverse effects in the vast majority of infected individuals. Nevertheless, the potent growth transforming ability of EBV means the virus has the potential to cause malignancies in infected individuals. Indeed, EBV is thought to cause 1% of human malignancies, equating to 200,000 malignancies each year. A clear factor as to why virus-induced disease is relatively infrequent in healthy infected individuals is the presence of a potent immune response to EBV, in particular, that mediated by T cells. Thus, patient groups with immunodeficiencies or whose cellular immune response is suppressed have much higher frequencies of EBV-induced disease and, in at least some cases, these diseases can be controlled by restoration of the T-cell compartment. In this chapter, we will primarily review the role the αβ subset of T cells in the control of EBV in healthy and diseased individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Hislop
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Graham S Taylor
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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15
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Epstein–Barr virus-targeted therapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2015; 141:1845-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-015-1969-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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16
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Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is usually acquired silently early in life and carried thereafter as an asymptomatic infection of the B lymphoid system. However, many circumstances disturb the delicate EBV-host balance and cause the virus to display its pathogenic potential. Thus, primary infection in adolescence can manifest as infectious mononucleosis (IM), as a fatal illness that magnifies the immunopathology of IM in boys with the X-linked lymphoproliferative disease trait, and as a chronic active disease leading to life-threatening hemophagocytosis in rare cases of T or natural killer (NK) cell infection. Patients with primary immunodeficiencies affecting the NK and/or T cell systems, as well as immunosuppressed transplant recipients, handle EBV infections poorly, and many are at increased risk of virus-driven B-lymphoproliferative disease. By contrast, a range of other EBV-positive malignancies of lymphoid or epithelial origin arise in individuals with seemingly intact immune systems through mechanisms that remain to be understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham S Taylor
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; , , , ,
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17
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Wallis SP, Stafford ND, Greenman J. Clinical relevance of immune parameters in the tumor microenvironment of head and neck cancers. Head Neck 2014; 37:449-59. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.23736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicholas D. Stafford
- Hull York Medical School, Daisy Laboratories, Castle Hill Hospital; Hull United Kingdom
| | - John Greenman
- School of Biological, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, University of Hull; Hull United Kingdom
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18
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Gourzones C, Klibi-Benlagha J, Friboulet L, Jlidi R, Busson P. Cellular Interactions in Nasopharyngeal Carcinomas. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-5947-7_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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19
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Bourouba M, Boukercha A, Zergoun AA, Zebboudj A, Elhadjan M, Djenaoui D, Asselah F, Touil-Boukoffa C. Increased production of nitric oxide correlates with tumor growth in Algerian patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Biomarkers 2012; 17:618-24. [PMID: 22817561 DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2012.706643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is thought to arise because of chronic inflammation. The correlation between nitric oxide (NO) production, a biomarker of inflammation and NPC development remains unexplored. To investigate this question, we performed a profile analysis on plasma collected from untreated, treated, remissive, cured and relapsing patients. Nitrites were measured to assess NO activity. We observed that increased nitrites concentrations in untreated and relapsing patients associated with tumor development. Moreover, nitrites levels were similar in remissive, cured and healthy individuals. Altogether, our results suggest that NO might be an interesting blood biomarker to monitor tumor growth in NPC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Bourouba
- USTHB, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology (LBCM), Team Cytokines and Nitric oxide synthases, Immunity and pathogeny, Bab-Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria.
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20
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Gourzones C, Barjon C, Busson P. Host-tumor interactions in nasopharyngeal carcinomas. Semin Cancer Biol 2012; 22:127-36. [PMID: 22249142 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2012.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Revised: 12/29/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Like other human solid tumors, nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a tissue and a systemic disease as much as a cell disease. Tumor cell population in NPC is highly heterogeneous. Heavy infiltration by non-malignant leucocytes results at least in part from the production of abundant inflammatory cytokines by the malignant epithelial cells. There is indirect evidence that interactions between stromal and malignant cells contribute to tumor development. Peripheral blood samples collected from NPC patients contain multiple products derived from the tumor, including cytokines, non-cytokine tumor proteins, tumor exosomes and viral nucleic acids. These products represent a potential source of biomarkers for assessment of tumor aggressiveness, indirect exploration of cellular interactions and monitoring of tumor response to therapeutic agents. Most NPC patients are immunocompetent with evidence of active humoral and cellular immune responses against EBV-antigens at the systemic level. Tumor development is facilitated by local immunosuppressive factors which are not fully understood. Local accumulation of regulatory T-cells is probably one important factor. At least two NPC tumor products are suspected to contribute to their expansion, the cytokine CCL20 and the tumor exosomes carrying galectin 9. In the future, new therapeutic modalities will probably aim at breaking immune tolerance or at blocking cellular interactions critical for tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Gourzones
- Université Paris-Sud-11, CNRS-UMR 8126 and Institut de cancérologie Gustave Roussy, 39 rue Camille Desmoulins, F-94805 Villejuif, France
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21
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Chia WK, Wang WW, Teo M, Tai WM, Lim WT, Tan EH, Leong SS, Sun L, Chen JJ, Gottschalk S, Toh HC. A phase II study evaluating the safety and efficacy of an adenovirus-ΔLMP1-LMP2 transduced dendritic cell vaccine in patients with advanced metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Ann Oncol 2011; 23:997-1005. [PMID: 21821548 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdr341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with metastatic Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) continue to have poor outcomes. To evaluate the ability of a dendritic cell (DC) vaccine to target subdominant EBV antigens LMP1 and LMP2 expressed by NPC cells, we vaccinated patients using autologous DCs transduced with an adenovirus encoding a truncated LMP1 (ΔLMP1) and full-length LMP2 (Ad-ΔLMP1-LMP2). MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixteen subjects with metastatic NPC received Ad-ΔLMP1-LMP2 DC vaccines i.d. biweekly for up to five doses. Toxicity, immune responses and clinical responses were determined. RESULTS Most patients had extensive disease, with a median of three visceral sites of involvement (range 1-7). No significant toxicity was observed. Ad-ΔLMP1-LMP2 DCs induced delayed type hypersensitivity responses in 9 out of 12 patients, but although these DCs activated LMP1/2-specific T cells in vitro, no such increase in the frequency of peripheral LMP1/2-specific T cells was detected. Three patients had clinical responses including one with partial response (for 7½ months) and two with stable disease (for 6½ and 7½ months). CONCLUSIONS Ad-ΔLMP1-LMP2 transduced DCs can be successfully generated and safely administered to patients with advanced NPC. Since efficacy was limited, future studies should focus on DC vaccines with greater potency administered to subjects with less tumor burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- W K Chia
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre, Singapore
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22
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Takeuchi A, Eto M, Yamada H, Tatsugami K, Naito S, Yoshikai Y. A reduction of recipient regulatory T cells by cyclophosphamide contributes to an anti-tumor effect of nonmyeloablative allogeneic stem cell transplantation in mice. Int J Cancer 2011; 130:365-76. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.26009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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23
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Pawelec G, Derhovanessian E, Larbi A. Immunosenescence and cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2010; 75:165-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2010.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2009] [Revised: 02/26/2010] [Accepted: 03/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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25
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Wu CC, Hsu CW, Chen CD, Yu CJ, Chang KP, Tai DI, Liu HP, Su WH, Chang YS, Yu JS. Candidate serological biomarkers for cancer identified from the secretomes of 23 cancer cell lines and the human protein atlas. Mol Cell Proteomics 2010; 9:1100-17. [PMID: 20124221 PMCID: PMC2877973 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m900398-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although cancer cell secretome profiling is a promising strategy used to identify potential body fluid-accessible cancer biomarkers, questions remain regarding the depth to which the cancer cell secretome can be mined and the efficiency with which researchers can select useful candidates from the growing list of identified proteins. Therefore, we analyzed the secretomes of 23 human cancer cell lines derived from 11 cancer types using one-dimensional SDS-PAGE and nano-LC-MS/MS performed on an LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometer to generate a more comprehensive cancer cell secretome. A total of 31,180 proteins was detected, accounting for 4,584 non-redundant proteins, with an average of 1,300 proteins identified per cell line. Using protein secretion-predictive algorithms, 55.8% of the proteins appeared to be released or shed from cells. The identified proteins were selected as potential marker candidates according to three strategies: (i) proteins apparently secreted by one cancer type but not by others (cancer type-specific marker candidates), (ii) proteins released by most cancer cell lines (pan-cancer marker candidates), and (iii) proteins putatively linked to cancer-relevant pathways. We then examined protein expression profiles in the Human Protein Atlas to identify biomarker candidates that were simultaneously detected in the secretomes and highly expressed in cancer tissues. This analysis yielded 6-137 marker candidates selective for each tumor type and 94 potential pan-cancer markers. Among these, we selectively validated monocyte differentiation antigen CD14 (for liver cancer), stromal cell-derived factor 1 (for lung cancer), and cathepsin L1 and interferon-induced 17-kDa protein (for nasopharyngeal carcinoma) as potential serological cancer markers. In summary, the proteins identified from the secretomes of 23 cancer cell lines and the Human Protein Atlas represent a focused reservoir of potential cancer biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chi-De Chen
- ¶Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, and
| | - Chia-Jung Yu
- From the ‡Molecular Medicine Research Center
- ¶Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, and
- ‖Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Chang Gung University and
| | - Kai-Ping Chang
- Departments of **Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and
| | - Dar-In Tai
- ‡‡Hepatogastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan
| | | | - Wen-Hui Su
- From the ‡Molecular Medicine Research Center
| | - Yu-Sun Chang
- From the ‡Molecular Medicine Research Center
- ¶Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, and
| | - Jau-Song Yu
- From the ‡Molecular Medicine Research Center
- ¶Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, and
- ‖Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Chang Gung University and
- §§ To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dept. of Cell and Molecular Biology, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan. Tel.: 886-3-2118800 (ext. 5171); Fax: 886-3-2118891; E-mail:
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26
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Zhang YL, Li J, Mo HY, Qiu F, Zheng LM, Qian CN, Zeng YX. Different subsets of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes correlate with NPC progression in different ways. Mol Cancer 2010; 9:4. [PMID: 20064222 PMCID: PMC2818695 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-9-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2009] [Accepted: 01/10/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing amounts of evidence indicate that tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) are correlated with the prognosis of cancer patients. This study focuses on the association between the densities of tumor infiltrating cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), activated CTL, regulatory T lymphocytes (Treg) and Th17 lymphocytes, and the prognosis and clinicopathological features of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients. Results Double immunohistochemical staining was performed in 106 biopsy specimens from newly diagnosed NPC patients. Prognostic values of infiltrating lymphocyte densities were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression. The density of CD8+ TIL was positively correlated with lymph node metastasis, while the density of Foxp3+ TIL was negatively associated with T stage (P < 0.05). For survival evaluation, the density of Foxp3+ TIL or Foxp3+ TIL combined with GrB+ TIL together was associated with better overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) (P < 0.01) in all patients and in the patients with late-stage diseases (Stages III and IV, P < 0.01). Meanwhile a low density of CD8+TIL or high ratio of FOXP3+TIL to CD8+TIL was correlated with better PFS in early stage patients (Stages I and II, P < 0.05). No significant association was found between IL-17+ TIL and clinicopathological characteristic or survival of NPC patients. Conclusions Our study identifies for the first time the tumor infiltrating Foxp3+ TIL as an independent favorable factor in the prognosis of NPC patients, especially for the patients with late-stage diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, PR China
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