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Sharma P, Shin JB, Park BC, Lee JW, Byun SW, Jang NY, Kim YJ, Kim Y, Kim YK, Cho NH. Application of radially grown ZnO nanowires on poly-l-lactide microfibers complexed with a tumor antigen for cancer immunotherapy. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:4591-4600. [PMID: 30809611 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr08704k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Zinc oxide (ZnO)-based nanocomposites have shown promising potential for various biomedical applications, including vaccine development, owing to their multifunctionality and biocompatibility. Here, we synthesized radially grown ZnO nanowires (NWs) on poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA) microfibers with unique 3-dimensional structure and applied them as therapeutic cancer vaccines. This inorganic-organic hybrid nanocomposite has mild cellular toxicity but efficiently delivers a tumor antigen into dendritic cells, cellular bridges between innate and adaptive immunity, to stimulate them to express inflammatory cytokines and activation surface markers. We also demonstrated that the hybrid nanocomposites successfully induce tumor antigen-specific cellular immunity and significantly inhibit tumor growth in vivo. ZnO NWs on PLLA fibers systemically reduced immune suppressive TReg cells and enhanced the infiltration of T cells into tumor tissues, compared to mice immunized with PLLA fibers coated with the antigen. Our current findings open a new avenue in extending the biomedical application of inorganic metal oxide-inert organic hybrid nanocomposites as a novel vaccine platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Sharma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
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Brooks N, Hsu J, Esparon S, Pouniotis D, Pietersz GA. Immunogenicity of a Tripartite Cell Penetrating Peptide Containing a MUC1 Variable Number of Tandem Repeat (VNTR) and A T Helper Epitope. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23092233. [PMID: 30200528 PMCID: PMC6225367 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide-based vaccines for cancer have many advantages however, for optimization these immunogens should incorporate peptide epitopes that induce CD8, as well as CD4 responses, antibody and long term immunity. Cell penetrating peptides (CPP) with a capacity of cytosolic delivery have been used to deliver antigenic peptides and proteins to antigen presenting cells to induce cytotoxic T cell, helper T cell and humoral responses in mice. For this study, a tripartite CPP including a mucin 1 (MUC1) variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) containing multiple T cell epitopes and tetanus toxoid universal T helper epitope peptide (tetCD4) was synthesised (AntpMAPMUC1tet) and immune responses investigated in mice. Mice vaccinated with AntpMAPMUC1tet + CpG show enhanced antigen-specific interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and IL-4 T cell responses compared with AntpMAPMUC1tet vaccination alone and induced a Th1 response, characterised by a higher ratio of IgG2a antibody/IgG1 antibodies. Furthermore, vaccination generated long term MUC1-specific antibody and T cell responses and delayed growth of MUC1+ve tumours in mice. This data demonstrates the efficient delivery of branched multiple antigen peptides incorporating CPP and that the addition of CpG augments immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Brooks
- School of Medical Sciences, RMIT University, Plenty Road, Bundoora 3083, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Jennifer Hsu
- Bio-Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Burnet Institute, 85 Commercial Rd, Melbourne 3004, Australia.
- Dendritic Cell Biology and Therapeutics Group, ANZAC Medical Research Institute, Institute of Haematology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Missenden Rd, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia.
| | - Sandra Esparon
- Bio-Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Burnet Institute, 85 Commercial Rd, Melbourne 3004, Australia.
| | - Dodie Pouniotis
- School of Medical Sciences, RMIT University, Plenty Road, Bundoora 3083, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Geoffrey A Pietersz
- Bio-Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Burnet Institute, 85 Commercial Rd, Melbourne 3004, Australia.
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne 3004, Australia.
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne 3021, Australia.
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Mechanistic insights into the efficacy of cell penetrating peptide-based cancer vaccines. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:2887-2896. [PMID: 29508006 PMCID: PMC6061156 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2785-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapies are increasingly used to treat cancer, with some outstanding results. Immunotherapy modalities include therapeutic vaccination to eliminate cancer cells through the activation of patient’s immune system against tumor-derived antigens. Nevertheless, the full potential of therapeutic vaccination has yet to be demonstrated clinically because many early generation vaccines elicited low-level immune responses targeting only few tumor antigens. Cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) are highly promising tools to advance the field towards clinical success. CPPs efficiently penetrate cell membranes, even when linked to antigenic cargos, which can induce both CD8 and CD4 T-cell responses. Pre-clinical studies demonstrated that targeting multiple tumor antigens, even those considered to be poorly immunogenic, led to tumor regression. Therefore, CPP-based cancer vaccines represent a flexible and powerful means to extend therapeutic vaccination to many cancer indications. Here, we review recent findings in CPP development and discuss their use in next generation immunotherapies.
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Sennikov SV, Khantakova JN, Kulikova EV, Obleukhova IA, Shevchenko JA. Modern strategies and capabilities for activation of the immune response against tumor cells. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317698380. [PMID: 28513301 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317698380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells are professional antigen-presenting cells and the most potent stimulators of various immune responses, such as antitumor responses. Modern studies have not shown an effective antitumor immune response development in patients with malignant tumors. The major cause is the decrease in functional activity of dendritic cells in cancer patients through irregularities in the maturation process to a functionally active form and in the antigen presentation process to naive T lymphocytes. This review describes the main stages of cellular antitumor immune response induction in vitro, aimed at resolving the problems that are blocking the full functioning of dendritic cells, and additional stimulation of antitumor immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Vital'evich Sennikov
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology," Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Julia Nikolaevna Khantakova
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology," Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Vladimirovna Kulikova
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology," Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Irina Alexandrovna Obleukhova
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology," Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Julia Alexandrovna Shevchenko
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology," Novosibirsk, Russia
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Pouniotis D, Tang CK, Apostolopoulos V, Pietersz G. Vaccine delivery by penetratin: mechanism of antigen presentation by dendritic cells. Immunol Res 2016; 64:887-900. [DOI: 10.1007/s12026-016-8799-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Comparative Immunogenicity of a Cytotoxic T Cell Epitope Delivered by Penetratin and TAT Cell Penetrating Peptides. Molecules 2015; 20:14033-50. [PMID: 26247926 PMCID: PMC6332296 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200814033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell penetrating peptides (CPP), including the TAT peptide from the human immunodeficiency virus transactivator of transcription (HIV-TAT) protein and penetratin from Drosophila Antennapedia homeodomain protein, translocate various cargos including peptides and proteins across cellular barriers. This mode of delivery has been harnessed by our group and others to deliver antigenic proteins or peptides into the cytoplasm of antigen processing cells (APC) such as monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDC). Antigens or T cell epitopes delivered by CPP into APC in vivo generate antigen-specific cytotoxic T cell and helper T cell responses in mice. Furthermore, mice immunised with these peptides or proteins are protected from a tumour challenge. The functional properties of CPP are dependent on the various cargos being delivered and the target cell type. Despite several studies demonstrating superior immunogenicity of TAT and Antp-based immunogens, none has compared the immunogenicity of antigens delivered by TAT and Antp CPP. In the current study we demonstrate that a cytotoxic T cell epitope from the mucin 1 (MUC1) tumour associated antigen, when delivered by TAT or Antp, generates identical immune responses in mice resulting in specific MUC1 T cell responses as measured by in vivo CTL assays, IFNγ ELISpot assays and prophylactic tumour protection.
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Fang F, Ma J, Ni W, Wang F, Sun X, Li Y, Li Q, Xie F, Wang J, Zhai R, Liu Z, Gao S, Tai G. MUC1 and maltose‑binding protein recombinant fusion protein combined with Bacillus Calmette‑Guerin induces MUC1‑specific and nonspecific anti‑tumor immunity in mice. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:1056-64. [PMID: 24912810 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mucin 1 (MUC1) is a target for immunotherapy. The major problem associated with MUC1‑based cancer vaccines is the weakness of the immunogenicity of MUC1. The present study aimed to develop an efficient cancer vaccine through generating a recombinant fusion protein consisting of MUC1 and maltose‑binding protein (MBP) by inserting seven tandem repeats encoding the human MUC1 gene into the pMAL‑c2 expression vector. Bacillus Calmette‑Guerin (BCG) was used as an adjuvant. MUC1 was found to predominantly induce T helper type 2 (Th2) cell responses. MUC1/BCG and MUC1‑MBP were found to generate T helper (Th) type 1 and 2 responses, while MUC1‑MBP/BCG induced a Th1 immune profile and stimulated MUC1‑specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte killing activity. MUC1‑MBP, as well as MBP and BCG alone were found to induce natural killer (NK) cell activity, with MUC1‑MBP/BCG observed to synergistically induce NK cell activity. Furthermore, MUC1‑MBP/BCG significantly inhibited MUC1+ B16 cell growth in mice. These findings show that MBP augments the immunogenicity of MUC1 and that BCG enhances the efficacy of the MUC1‑MBP vaccine. Thus, MUC1‑MBP/BCG may have potential as a cancer vaccine for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Fang
- Department of Immunology, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Jichun Ma
- Department of Immunology, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Weihua Ni
- Department of Immunology, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Fengli Wang
- Department of Immunology, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xiaxia Sun
- Department of Immunology, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yingying Li
- Department of Immunology, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Qiongshu Li
- Department of Immunology, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Fei Xie
- Department of Immunology, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Immunology, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Ruiping Zhai
- Department of Immunology, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Zhonghui Liu
- Department of Immunology, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Sunjun Gao
- Department of Immunology, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Guixiang Tai
- Department of Immunology, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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Das S, Paul R, De U, Mukherjee M. Management of breast cancer by vaccine: fact or fiction. THE JOURNAL OF IMA 2012; 44:jima-44-1-09055. [PMID: 23864997 PMCID: PMC3708638 DOI: 10.5915/44-1-9055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy (75–80%) among women. Options for management of BC are multivariate. Available modalities include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and hormone therapy. Despite availability of improved therapeutic adjuncts, mortality from BC is 40%. Vaccination strategies against BC are emerging as a viable alternative. This review highlights the available results of this emerging therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumen Das
- Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research and Seth Sukhlal Karnani Memorial Hospital Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Pouniotis DS, Esparon S, Apostolopoulos V, Pietersz GA. Whole protein and defined CD8(+) and CD4(+) peptides linked to penetratin targets both MHC class I and II antigen presentation pathways. Immunol Cell Biol 2011; 89:904-13. [PMID: 21383765 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2011.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic delivery and cross-presentation of proteins and peptides is necessary for processing and presentation of antigens for the generation of cytotoxic T cells. We previously described the use of the 16 amino acid peptide penetratin from the Drosophila Antennapedia homeodomain (penetratin, Antp) to transport cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes derived from ovalbumin (OVA) or the Mucin-1 tumor-associated antigen into cells. We have now shown that penetratin covalently conjugated to OVA protein and linked in tandem to CD4(+) and/or CD8(+) T-cell epitopes from OVA-stimulated T cells in vitro (B3Z T-cell hybridoma and OT-I and OT-II T cells). The induction of these responses was directly mediated by the penetratin peptide as linking a nonspecific 16-mer peptide to OVA or mixing did not induce CD8(+) or CD4(+) T-cell responses in vitro. Furthermore, interferon (IFN)-γ-secreting CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells were induced which suppressed B16.OVA tumor growth in C57BL/6 mice. Tumor protection was mediated by a CD8(+) T-cell-dependent mechanism and did not require CD4(+) help to protect mice 7 days after a boost immunization. Alternatively, 40 days after a boost immunization, the presence of CD4(+) help enhanced antigen-specific IFN-γ-secreting CD8(+) T cells and tumor protection in mice challenged with B16.OVA. Long-term CD8 responses were equally enhanced by antigen-specific and universal CD4 help. In addition, immunization with AntpOVA significantly delayed growth of B16.OVA tumors in mice in a tumor therapy model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dodie S Pouniotis
- Immunology and Vaccine Laboratory, Centre for Immunology, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Mukhopadhyay P, Chakraborty S, Ponnusamy MP, Lakshmanan I, Jain M, Batra SK. Mucins in the pathogenesis of breast cancer: implications in diagnosis, prognosis and therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2011; 1815:224-40. [PMID: 21277939 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2011.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2010] [Revised: 01/16/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mucins are high molecular weight, multifunctional glycoproteins comprised of two structural classes-the large transmembrane mucins and the gel-forming or secreted mucins. The primary function of mucins is to protect and lubricate the luminal surfaces of epithelium-lined ducts in the human body. Recent studies have identified a differential expression of both membrane bound (MUC1, MUC4 and MUC16) and secreted mucins (MUC2, MUC5AC, MUC5B and MUC6) in breast cancer tissues when compared with the non-neoplastic breast tissues. Functional studies have also uncovered many unique roles of mucins during the progression of breast cancer, which include modulation in proliferative, invasive and metastatic potential of tumor cells. Mucins function through many unique domains that can form complex association with various signaling molecules including growth factor receptors and intercellular adhesion molecules. While there is growing information about mucins in various malignancies including breast cancer, no focused review is there on the expression and functional roles of mucins in breast cancer. In this present review, we have discussed the differential expression and functional roles of mucins in breast cancer. The potential of mucins as diagnostic and prognostic markers and as therapeutic targets in breast cancer have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partha Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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Gene carriers and transfection systems used in the recombination of dendritic cells for effective cancer immunotherapy. Clin Dev Immunol 2010; 2010:565643. [PMID: 21197274 PMCID: PMC3010860 DOI: 10.1155/2010/565643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2010] [Accepted: 10/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent antigen-presenting cells. They play a vital role in the initiation of immune response by presenting antigens to T cells and followed by induction of T-cell response. Reported research in animal studies indicated that vaccine immunity could be a promising alternative therapy for cancer patients. However, broad clinical utility has not been achieved yet, owing to the low transfection efficiency of DCs. Therefore, it is essential to improve the transfection efficiency of DC-based vaccination in immunotherapy. In several studies, DCs were genetically engineered by tumor-associated antigens or by immune molecules such as costimulatory molecules, cytokines, and chemokines. Encouraging results have been achieved in cancer treatment using various animal models. This paper describes the recent progress in gene delivery systems including viral vectors and nonviral carriers for DC-based genetically engineered vaccines. The reverse and three-dimensional transfection systems developed in DCs are also discussed.
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Yuan S, Shi C, Liu L, Han W. MUC1-based recombinant Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccines as candidates for breast cancer immunotherapy. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2010; 10:1037-48. [PMID: 20420512 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2010.485185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD The challenge in breast cancer vaccine development is to find the best combination of antigen, adjuvant and delivery system to produce a strong and long-lasting immune response. Mucin 1 (MUC1) is a potential candidate target for breast cancer immunotherapy. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is used widely in human vaccines. Furthermore, it can potentially offer unique advantages for developing a safe and effective multi-vaccine vehicle. Due to these properties, the development of MUC1 based recombinant BCG (rBCG) vaccines for breast cancer immunotherapy has gained great momentum in recent years. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW Our aim is to discuss the recent progress in MUC1-based breast cancer immunotherapy and to highlight the advantages of MUC1-based rBCG vaccines as the new breast cancer vaccines. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN Several promising MUC1-based rBCG vaccines have been shown to induce MUC1-specific antitumor immune responses in pre-clinical studies. This review updates and evaluates this very important and rapidly developing field, and provides a critical perspective and information source for its potential clinical applications. TAKE HOME MESSAGE MUC1-based rBCG vaccines have been shown to elicit an effective anti-tumor immune response in vivo demonstrating its potential utility in breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifang Yuan
- Fourth Military Medical University, Xijing Hospital, Department of Vascular and Endocrine Surgery, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China.
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