1
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Fidler G, Szilágyi-Rácz AA, Dávid P, Tolnai E, Rejtő L, Szász R, Póliska S, Biró S, Paholcsek M. Circulating microRNA sequencing revealed miRNome patterns in hematology and oncology patients aiding the prognosis of invasive aspergillosis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7144. [PMID: 35504997 PMCID: PMC9065123 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11239-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive aspergillosis (IA) may occur as a serious complication of hematological malignancy. Delays in antifungal therapy can lead to an invasive disease resulting in high mortality. Currently, there are no well-established blood circulating microRNA biomarkers or laboratory tests which can be used to diagnose IA. Therefore, we aimed to define dysregulated miRNAs in hematology and oncology (HO) patients to identify biomarkers predisposing disease. We performed an in-depth analysis of high-throughput small transcriptome sequencing data obtained from the whole blood samples of our study cohort of 50 participants including 26 high-risk HO patients and 24 controls. By integrating in silico bioinformatic analyses of small noncoding RNA data, 57 miRNAs exhibiting significant expression differences (P < 0.05) were identified between IA-infected patients and non-IA HO patients. Among these, we found 36 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) irrespective of HO malignancy. Of the top ranked DEMs, we found 14 significantly deregulated miRNAs, whose expression levels were successfully quantified by qRT-PCR. MiRNA target prediction revealed the involvement of IA related miRNAs in the biological pathways of tumorigenesis, the cell cycle, the immune response, cell differentiation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Fidler
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Anna Anita Szilágyi-Rácz
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Péter Dávid
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Emese Tolnai
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Rejtő
- Department of Hematology, Jósa András Teaching Hospital, Nyíregyháza, Hungary
| | - Róbert Szász
- Division of Hematology, Institute of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Szilárd Póliska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Sándor Biró
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Melinda Paholcsek
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary.
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2
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Asano T, Khourieh J, Zhang P, Rapaport F, Spaan AN, Li J, Lei WT, Pelham SJ, Hum D, Chrabieh M, Han JE, Guérin A, Mackie J, Gupta S, Saikia B, Baghdadi JEI, Fadil I, Bousfiha A, Habib T, Marr N, Ganeshanandan L, Peake J, Droney L, Williams A, Celmeli F, Hatipoglu N, Ozcelik T, Picard C, Abel L, Tangye SG, Boisson-Dupuis S, Zhang Q, Puel A, Béziat V, Casanova JL, Boisson B. Human STAT3 variants underlie autosomal dominant hyper-IgE syndrome by negative dominance. J Exp Med 2021; 218:212397. [PMID: 34137790 PMCID: PMC8217968 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20202592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Most patients with autosomal dominant hyper-IgE syndrome (AD-HIES) carry rare heterozygous STAT3 variants. Only six of the 135 in-frame variants reported have been experimentally shown to be dominant negative (DN), and it has been recently suggested that eight out-of-frame variants operate by haploinsufficiency. We experimentally tested these 143 variants, 7 novel out-of-frame variants found in HIES patients, and other STAT3 variants from the general population. Strikingly, all 15 out-of-frame variants were DN via their encoded (1) truncated proteins, (2) neoproteins generated from a translation reinitiation codon, and (3) isoforms from alternative transcripts or a combination thereof. Moreover, 128 of the 135 in-frame variants (95%) were also DN. The patients carrying the seven non-DN STAT3 in-frame variants have not been studied for other genetic etiologies. Finally, none of the variants from the general population tested, including an out-of-frame variant, were DN. Overall, our findings show that heterozygous STAT3 variants, whether in or out of frame, underlie AD-HIES through negative dominance rather than haploinsufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaki Asano
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Joëlle Khourieh
- Paris University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Disease, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1163, Paris, France
| | - Peng Zhang
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Franck Rapaport
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - András N Spaan
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Juan Li
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Wei-Te Lei
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Simon J Pelham
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - David Hum
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Maya Chrabieh
- Paris University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Disease, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1163, Paris, France
| | - Ji Eun Han
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Antoine Guérin
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Joseph Mackie
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sudhir Gupta
- Division of Basic and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | - Biman Saikia
- Department of Immunopathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Ilham Fadil
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Inflammation and Allergy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, King Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco.,Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital, Averroes University Hospital Center, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Aziz Bousfiha
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Inflammation and Allergy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, King Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco.,Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital, Averroes University Hospital Center, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Tanwir Habib
- Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nico Marr
- Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.,College of Health & Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Luckshman Ganeshanandan
- Department of Clinical Immunology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine Western Australia, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Jane Peake
- Queensland Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - Luke Droney
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Andrew Williams
- Immunology Laboratory, Children's Hospital Westmead, Westmead, Australia
| | - Fatih Celmeli
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, University of Medical Science Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Nevin Hatipoglu
- Bakirkoy Dr Sadi Konuk Education and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tayfun Ozcelik
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Capucine Picard
- Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Study Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV Infection, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,Pediatric Immunology-Hematology Unit, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Abel
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY.,Paris University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Disease, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1163, Paris, France
| | - Stuart G Tangye
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Stéphanie Boisson-Dupuis
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY.,Paris University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Disease, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1163, Paris, France
| | - Qian Zhang
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY.,Paris University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Disease, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1163, Paris, France
| | - Anne Puel
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY.,Paris University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Disease, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1163, Paris, France
| | - Vivien Béziat
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY.,Paris University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Disease, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1163, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY.,Paris University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Disease, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1163, Paris, France.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY
| | - Bertrand Boisson
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY.,Paris University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Disease, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1163, Paris, France
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3
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Zhou C, Monin L, Gordon R, Aggor FEY, Bechara R, Edwards TN, Kaplan DH, Gingras S, Gaffen SL. An IL-17F.S65L Knock-In Mouse Reveals Similarities and Differences in IL-17F Function in Oral Candidiasis: A New Tool to Understand IL-17F. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:720-730. [PMID: 32601099 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) is an opportunistic infection of the oral mucosa caused by the commensal fungus Candida albicans IL-17R signaling is essential to prevent OPC in mice and humans, but the individual roles of its ligands, IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-17AF, are less clear. A homozygous IL-17F deficiency in mice does not cause OPC susceptibility, whereas mice lacking IL-17A are moderately susceptible. In humans, a rare heterozygous mutation in IL-17F (IL-17F.S65L) was identified that causes chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, suggesting the existence of essential antifungal pathways mediated by IL-17F and/or IL-17AF. To investigate the role of IL-17F and IL-17AF in more detail, we exploited this "experiment of nature" by creating a mouse line bearing the homologous mutation in IL-17F (Ser65Leu) by CRISPR/Cas9. Unlike Il17f-/- mice that are resistant to OPC, Il17fS65L/S65L mice showed increased oral fungal burdens similar to Il17a -/- mice. In contrast to humans, however, disease was only evident in homozygous, not heterozygous, mutant mice. The mutation was linked to modestly impaired CXC chemokine expression and neutrophil recruitment to the infected tongue but not to alterations in oral antimicrobial peptide expression. These findings suggest mechanisms by which the enigmatic cytokine IL-17F contributes to host defense against fungi. Moreover, because these mice do not phenocopy Il17f-/- mice, they may provide a valuable tool to interrogate IL-17F and IL-17AF function in vivo in other settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunsheng Zhou
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Leticia Monin
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Rachael Gordon
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261; and
| | - Felix E Y Aggor
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Rami Bechara
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Tara N Edwards
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Daniel H Kaplan
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Sebastien Gingras
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261; and
| | - Sarah L Gaffen
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261;
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4
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Danion F, Aimanianda V, Bayry J, Duréault A, Wong SSW, Bougnoux ME, Tcherakian C, Alyanakian MA, Guegan H, Puel A, Picard C, Lortholary O, Lanternier F, Latgé JP. Aspergillus fumigatus Infection in Humans With STAT3-Deficiency Is Associated With Defective Interferon-Gamma and Th17 Responses. Front Immunol 2020; 11:38. [PMID: 32047500 PMCID: PMC6997434 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, loss-of-function mutation in the Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) gene is frequently associated with susceptibility to bacterial as well as fungal infections including aspergillosis, although its pathogenesis remains largely unknown. In the present study, we investigated the immune responses obtained after stimulation with Aspergillus fumigatus in STAT3-deficient patients. A. fumigatus conidial killing efficiencies of both monocytes and neutrophils isolated from whole blood samples of STAT3-deficient patients were not different compared to those of healthy controls. After stimulation with A. fumigatus conidia, lower concentrations of adaptive cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-17 and IL-22) were secreted by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from STAT3-deficient patients compared to those from healthy controls. Moreover, the frequency of IFN-γ and IL-17 producing CD4+ T cells was lower in STAT3-deficient patients vs. healthy controls. Among the STAT3-deficient patients, those with aspergillosis showed further lower secretion of IFN-γ upon stimulation of their PBMCs with A. fumigatus conidia compared to the patients without aspergillosis. Together, our study indicated that STAT3-deficiency leads to a defective adaptive immune response against A. fumigatus infection, particularly with a lower IFN-γ and IL-17 responses in those with aspergillosis, suggesting potential therapeutic benefit of recombinant IFN-γ in STAT3-deficient patients with aspergillosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Danion
- Université de Paris, Centre d'Infectiologie Necker Pasteur, IHU Imagine, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique- Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France.,Unité des Aspergillus, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | | | - Jagadeesh Bayry
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe-Immunopathologie et Immunointervention Thérapeutique, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Amélie Duréault
- Université de Paris, Centre d'Infectiologie Necker Pasteur, IHU Imagine, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique- Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | | | - Marie-Elisabeth Bougnoux
- Unité de Parasitologie-Mycologie service de Microbiologie, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique- Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Université de Paris, Paris, France.,INRA USC 2019, Unite Biologie et Pathogenicite Fongiques, Institut Pasteur, INRA, Paris, France
| | | | - Marie-Alexandra Alyanakian
- Service d'Immunologie Biologique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique- Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Guegan
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Rennes, France.,Univ Rennes, INSERM, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en santé, Environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
| | - Anne Puel
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States.,Génétique Humaine des Maladies Infectieuses, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, INSERM U1163, Paris and Université de Paris, Imagine Institut, Paris, France
| | - Capucine Picard
- Centre d'étude des Déficits Immunitaires (CEDI), Centre de Référence des Déficits Immunitaires Héréditaires (CEREDIH), Unité d'Immuno-Hématologie, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique- Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Paris and Institut Imagine, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Lortholary
- Université de Paris, Centre d'Infectiologie Necker Pasteur, IHU Imagine, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique- Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France.,Institut Pasteur, CNRS, Centre National de Référence Mycoses Invasives et Antifongiques, Unité de Mycologie Moléculaire, UMR 2000, Paris, France
| | - Fanny Lanternier
- Université de Paris, Centre d'Infectiologie Necker Pasteur, IHU Imagine, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique- Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France.,St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
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5
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A deep intronic splice mutation of STAT3 underlies hyper IgE syndrome by negative dominance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:16463-16472. [PMID: 31346092 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1901409116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterozygous in-frame mutations in coding regions of human STAT3 underlie the only known autosomal dominant form of hyper IgE syndrome (AD HIES). About 5% of familial cases remain unexplained. The mutant proteins are loss-of-function and dominant-negative when tested following overproduction in recipient cells. However, the production of mutant proteins has not been detected and quantified in the cells of heterozygous patients. We report a deep intronic heterozygous STAT3 mutation, c.1282-89C>T, in 7 relatives with AD HIES. This mutation creates a new exon in the STAT3 complementary DNA, which, when overexpressed, generates a mutant STAT3 protein (D427ins17) that is loss-of-function and dominant-negative in terms of tyrosine phosphorylation, DNA binding, and transcriptional activity. In immortalized B cells from these patients, the D427ins17 protein was 2 kDa larger and 4-fold less abundant than wild-type STAT3, on mass spectrometry. The patients' primary B and T lymphocytes responded poorly to STAT3-dependent cytokines. These findings are reminiscent of the impaired responses of leukocytes from other patients with AD HIES due to typical STAT3 coding mutations, providing further evidence for the dominance of the mutant intronic allele. These findings highlight the importance of sequencing STAT3 introns in patients with HIES without candidate variants in coding regions and essential splice sites. They also show that AD HIES-causing STAT3 mutant alleles can be dominant-negative even if the encoded protein is produced in significantly smaller amounts than wild-type STAT3.
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6
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Chaimowitz NS, Branch J, Reyes A, Vargas-Hernández A, Orange JS, Forbes LR, Ehlayel M, Purayil SC, Al-Nesf MA, Vogel TP. A Novel STAT3 Mutation in a Qatari Patient With Hyper-IgE Syndrome. Front Pediatr 2019; 7:130. [PMID: 31069200 PMCID: PMC6491627 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2019.00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant hyper-IgE syndrome caused by mutations in the transcription factor STAT3 (AD-HIES) is characterized by a collection of immunologic and non-immune features including eczema, recurrent infections, elevated IgE levels, and connective tissue anomalies. We report the case of a Qatari child with a history of recurrent staphylococcal skin infections since infancy, who was found to have a novel, de novo mutation in STAT3 (c.1934T>A, p.L645Q). The absence of mucocutaneous candidiasis and undetectable IgE levels until the age of 7 years prolonged the time to molecular confirmation of the cause for the patient's immune deficiency. STAT3 p.L645Q was found to have decreased transcriptional capacity. The patient also had low levels of Th17 cells and STAT3 phosphorylation was impaired in patient-derived cells. Nearly 100 unique mutations in STAT3 have been reported in association with AD-HIES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia S Chaimowitz
- Section of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Human Immunobiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Justin Branch
- Section of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Human Immunobiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Anaid Reyes
- Section of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Human Immunobiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Alexander Vargas-Hernández
- Section of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Human Immunobiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jordan S Orange
- Section of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Human Immunobiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Lisa R Forbes
- Section of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Human Immunobiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mohammed Ehlayel
- Allergy and Immunology Section, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Saleema C Purayil
- Allergy and Immunology Section, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Tiphanie P Vogel
- Section of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Human Immunobiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
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7
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Aleva FE, van de Veerdonk FL, Li Y, Tunjungputri RN, Simons S, De Groot PG, Netea MM, Heijdra YF, de Mast Q, van der Ven AJAM. The effects of signal transducer and activator of transcription three mutations on human platelets. Platelets 2017; 29:602-609. [PMID: 28960117 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2017.1349309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Involvement of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in inflammation is well known. Recently, a role for STAT3 in platelet activation and platelet production has been suggested. Platelets exhibit important immune functions and engagement of STAT3 in platelet physiology may link inflammation and hemostasis. This study investigated the effects of STAT3 loss-of-function mutations and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in STAT3 on glycoprotein VI (GPVI)-mediated platelet activation and platelet numbers in humans. Two cohorts were studied. The first cohort concerned patients with STAT3 loss-of-function mutations. Platelet numbers were investigated in eight patients and GPVI-mediated platelet activation was functionally tested in four patients. Additional experiments were performed to investigate underlying mechanisms. The second cohort concerned 334 healthy volunteers and investigated the consequences of SNPs in STAT3 on GPVI-mediated platelet activation and platelet numbers. Platelet activation was lower in STAT3 loss-of-function patients at baseline and after stimulation of the GPVI receptor, reflected by decreased P-selectin expression. This was independent of gene transcription. Blockade of the adenosine di-phosphate (ADP) pathway resulted in a further decrease of P-selectin expression, particularly in STAT3 loss-of-function patients. In contrast, the SNPs in STAT3 did not influence GPVI-mediated platelet activation. Also, platelet numbers were not affected by STAT3 loss-of-function mutations, nor was there an association with the SNPs. In conclusion, STAT3 signaling does not seem to play a major role in thrombopoiesis. We confirm that STAT3 is involved in GPVI-mediated platelet activation in humans, independent of gene transcription. GPVI-mediated platelet activation is highly dependent on secondary ADP release. Our findings suggest that STAT3 modulation may affect inflammation, hemostasis, and their interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floor E Aleva
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , the Netherlands.,b Department of Internal Medicine , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , the Netherlands.,c Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , the Netherlands
| | - Frank L van de Veerdonk
- b Department of Internal Medicine , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , the Netherlands.,c Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , the Netherlands
| | - Yang Li
- d Department of Genetics , University Medical Center Groningen , Nijmegen , the Netherlands
| | - Rahajeng N Tunjungputri
- b Department of Internal Medicine , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , the Netherlands.,c Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , the Netherlands
| | - Sami Simons
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , the Netherlands
| | - Philip G De Groot
- b Department of Internal Medicine , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , the Netherlands.,c Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , the Netherlands
| | - Mihai M Netea
- b Department of Internal Medicine , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , the Netherlands.,c Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , the Netherlands
| | - Yvonne F Heijdra
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , the Netherlands
| | - Quirijn de Mast
- b Department of Internal Medicine , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , the Netherlands.,c Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , the Netherlands
| | - André J A M van der Ven
- b Department of Internal Medicine , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , the Netherlands.,c Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , the Netherlands
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8
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Protein stabilization improves STAT3 function in autosomal dominant hyper-IgE syndrome. Blood 2016; 128:3061-3072. [PMID: 27799162 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-02-702373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant hyper-IgE syndrome (AD-HIES) is caused by dominant-negative mutations in STAT3; however, the molecular basis for mutant STAT3 allele dysfunction is unclear and treatment remains supportive. We hypothesized that AD-HIES mutations decrease STAT3 protein stability and that mutant STAT3 activity can be improved by agents that increase chaperone protein activity. We used computer modeling to characterize the effect of STAT3 mutations on protein stability. We measured STAT3 protein half-life (t1/2) and determined levels of STAT3 phosphorylated on tyrosine (Y) 705 (pY-STAT3) and mRNA levels of STAT3 gene targets in Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B (EBV) cells, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and mouse splenocytes incubated without or with chaperone protein modulators-HSF1A, a small-molecule TRiC modulator, or geranylgeranylacetone (GGA), a drug that upregulates heat shock protein (HSP) 70 and HSP90. Computer modeling predicted that 81% of AD-HIES mutations are destabilizing. STAT3 protein t1/2 in EBV cells from AD-HIES patients with destabilizing STAT3 mutations was markedly reduced. Treatment of EBV cells containing destabilizing STAT3 mutations with either HSF1A or GGA normalized STAT3 t1/2, increased pY-STAT3 levels, and increased mRNA levels of STAT3 target genes up to 79% of control. In addition, treatment of human PBMCs or mouse splenocytes containing destabilizing STAT3 mutations with either HSF1A or GGA increased levels of cytokine-activated pY-STAT3 within human CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and numbers of IL-17-producing CD4+ mouse splenocytes, respectively. Thus, most AD-HIES STAT3 mutations are destabilizing; agents that modulate chaperone protein function improve STAT3 stability and activity in T cells and may provide a specific treatment.
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9
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Blauvelt A. Ixekizumab: a new anti-IL-17A monoclonal antibody therapy for moderate-to severe plaque psoriasis. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2016; 16:255-63. [PMID: 26666707 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2016.1132695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Psoriasis is a common, systemic, inflammatory disease with prominent skin and joint manifestations. Interleukin 17A (IL-17A) has been identified as a key effector cytokine that mediates immunopathogenesis of psoriasis. Ixekizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody that targets IL-17A, has been found in clinical trials to dramatically reduce signs and symptoms of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. AREAS COVERED The following areas are discussed: the basic structure and function of IL-17A, its role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, the safety and efficacy of ixekizumab in clinical trials reported to date, and the possible impact of ixekizumab on the future therapeutic market for psoriasis. EXPERT OPINION A large proportion of patients with psoriasis achieve clear or near clear skin during treatment with ixekizumab in a rapid and sustained manner. This supports the idea that IL-17A plays a central role in psoriasis immunopathogenesis. While ixekizumab has been shown to be safe in trials up to 60 weeks, long-term safety data are not yet available. Because its efficacy is higher than all previously approved drugs for psoriasis thus far, approval and use of ixekizumab may lead to a treatment paradigm change for psoriasis, where clear or near clear skin becomes an acceptable and achievable treatment goal.
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10
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IL-23/IL-17A Dysfunction Phenotypes Inform Possible Clinical Effects from Anti-IL-17A Therapies. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 135:1946-1953. [PMID: 25972190 PMCID: PMC4580732 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Biologics that neutralize specific cytokines have improved outcomes for several immune-mediated disorders but may also increase risks for particular side effects. This article postulates potential immunologic consequences of inhibiting components of the IL-23/T-helper cell 17 pathway–the target of next-generation biologics for treating psoriasis–based on clinical phenotypes of inherent or acquired deficiencies in this pathway. Generally, downstream deficiencies (e.g., IL-17A, IL-17F) are associated with fewer disorders compared with upstream deficiencies, suggesting that selectively blocking downstream targets may result in a narrower range of side effects. However, safety of these specific inhibitions must be established in long-term studies.
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11
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Ten Oever J, van de Veerdonk FL, Joosten LAB, Simon A, van Crevel R, Kullberg BJ, Gyssens IC, van der Meer JWM, van Deuren M, Netea MG. Cytokine production assays reveal discriminatory immune defects in adults with recurrent infections and noninfectious inflammation. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2014; 21:1061-9. [PMID: 24872512 PMCID: PMC4135925 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00152-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cytokine production assays have been primarily used in research settings studying novel immunodeficiencies. We sought to determine the diagnostic value of cytokine production assays in patients with recurrent and/or severe infectious diseases (IDs) without known immunodeficiencies and unclassified noninfectious inflammatory disorders (NIIDs). We retrospectively examined cytokine production in whole-blood and peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples from 157 adult patients. A cytokine production rate of <5% of that of healthy controls was considered defective. While monocyte-derived cytokine (tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α], interleukin-1β [IL-1β], and IL-6) production was rarely affected, 30% of all included patients had deficient production of interferon gamma (IFN-γ), IL-17A, or IL-22. Twenty-five percent of the NIID patients displayed defective IFN-γ production, whereas IL-17A production was generally unaffected. In the group of ID patients, defective IFN-γ production was found in 19% and 14% of the patients with viral and bacterial infections, respectively, and in 38%, 24%, and 50% of patients with mycobacterial, mucocutaneous, and invasive fungal infections, respectively. Defective IL-17A and IL-22 production was mainly confined to ID patients with mucocutaneous fungal infections. In conclusion, cytokine production assays frequently detect defective Th1 responses in patients with mycobacterial or fungal infections, in contrast to patients with respiratory tract infections or isolated bacterial infections. Defective IL-17A and IL-22 production was primarily found in patients with fungal infections, while monocyte-derived cytokine production was unaffected. Thus, lymphocyte-derived cytokine production assays are helpful in the diagnostic workup of patients with recurrent infections and suspected immunodeficiencies and have the potential to reveal immune defects that might guide adjunctive immunomodulatory therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaap Ten Oever
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank L van de Veerdonk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Simon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Reinout van Crevel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bart-Jan Kullberg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Inge C Gyssens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius Wilhelmina Ziekenhuis, Nijmegen, The Netherlands Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Jos W M van der Meer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel van Deuren
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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12
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Hsu AP, Sowerwine KJ, Lawrence MG, Davis J, Henderson CJ, Zarember KA, Garofalo M, Gallin JI, Kuhns DB, Heller T, Milner JD, Puck JM, Freeman AF, Holland SM. Intermediate phenotypes in patients with autosomal dominant hyper-IgE syndrome caused by somatic mosaicism. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 131:1586-93. [PMID: 23623265 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autosomal dominant hyper-IgE syndrome (AD-HIES) is caused by mutations in signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). We describe 2 subjects in whom somatic mosaicism was associated with intermediate phenotypes. OBJECTIVE Somatic mosaics might shed light on the pathogenesis of dominant STAT3 mutations and the mechanisms behind the immunologic and nonimmunologic features of the disease. METHODS Clinical evaluations were conducted. Mutant STAT3 was amplified from different tissues and sequenced, and the percentage of mosaicism in various cell types was calculated. Flow cytometry was performed to determine percentages of IL-17(+) cells, IL-22(+) cells, or both. Suction blisters were induced in 1 subject, and exudate fluid was analyzed for whether emigrating neutrophils were STAT3 mutant or wild-type; neutrophils from peripheral blood were simultaneously examined. RESULTS The 2 subjects with STAT3 somatic mosaicism had intermediate phenotypes and were found to have preserved TH17 cell compartments and apparently normal CD8 cells. However, they still had infections, including mucocutaneous candidiasis. The percentage of STAT3 mutant neutrophils migrating into blisters at 16 hours was the same as in peripheral blood, suggesting normal chemotaxis. CONCLUSION STAT3 mosaicism accounts for a milder phenotype and allows for further investigation into the pathogenesis of AD-HIES. Despite having a preserved TH17 cell compartment, both subjects with mosaicism had chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, suggesting that candidiasis in subjects with AD-HIES is not driven solely by low TH17 cell numbers. The percentage of STAT3 mutant neutrophils emigrating into a suction blister at 16 hours was the same as the percentage in peripheral blood, suggesting that early chemotaxis of STAT3 neutrophils is normal in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy P Hsu
- Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md., USA
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13
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van de Veerdonk FL, Mouktaroudi M, Ramakers BP, Pistiki A, Pickkers P, van der Meer JWM, Netea MG, Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ. Deficient Candida-specific T-helper 17 response during sepsis. J Infect Dis 2012; 206:1798-802. [PMID: 22984119 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jis596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with sepsis in the intensive care unit (ICU) are prone to develop Candida infections. Here, we investigated Candida-induced T-helper 17 (Th17) responses during experimental human endotoxemia and in patients with sepsis admitted to the ICU. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with Candida albicans. The Th17 response was significantly lower during endotoxemia, compared with baseline. Patients with gram-negative sepsis had a significantly lower Th17 response as compared to healthy controls. These data demonstrate that the Th17 response is deficient during endotoxin-related systemic inflammation, which likely represents an important risk factor for increased susceptibility to develop Candida infection in patients with sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank L van de Veerdonk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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14
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Plantinga TS, Johnson MD, Scott WK, Joosten LAB, van der Meer JWM, Perfect JR, Kullberg BJ, Netea MG. Human genetic susceptibility to Candida infections. Med Mycol 2012; 50:785-94. [PMID: 22662758 DOI: 10.3109/13693786.2012.690902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections with Candida spp. have different manifestations in humans, ranging from mucosal to bloodstream and deep-seated disseminated infections. Immunocompromised patients have increased susceptibility to these types of infections, due to reduced capacity to elicit effective innate or adaptive immunity. In addition, rare and common genetic variants in the human genome have been identified that influence susceptibility to Candida infections. Genetic determinants of primary immunodeficiencies leading to chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis have been reported, and polymorphisms in genes that are known to be involved in anti-Candida host defense are associated with increased susceptibility to systemic infection. These findings have greatly increased our understanding of pathways important for anti-Candida defense in humans, and patterns of prevalence of Candida infections. In addition, these pathways may offer novel therapeutic targets for treatment. This review provides an overview of the current insights in genetic susceptibility to Candida infections and their consequences for the immune response against Candida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theo S Plantinga
- Department of Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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15
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Smeekens SP, Henriet SSV, Gresnigt MS, Joosten LAB, Hermans PWM, Netea MG, Warris A, van de Veerdonk FL. Low interleukin-17A production in response to fungal pathogens in patients with chronic granulomatous disease. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2011; 32:159-68. [PMID: 22191467 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2011.0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) cannot produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to a genetic defect in the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase system. Dysregulation of the L-tryptophan metabolism in mice with defects in NADPH oxidase, resulting in overproduction of interleukin (IL)-17, has been proposed to link ROS defects with hyperinflammation and susceptibility to pulmonary aspergillosis. In this study, we assessed the L-tryptophan metabolism and cytokine profiles in response to fungal pathogens in CGD patients. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from CGD patients showed increased production of IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interferon-γ upon stimulation with Aspergillus or Candida species, while IL-17A production was strikingly low compared with healthy controls. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase expression was similar in PBMCs and neutrophils from CGD patients compared with healthy controls. Conversion of L-tryptophan to L-kynurenine, as measured by high-performance liquid chromatography, did not differ between CGD patients and healthy controls. Moreover, adding L-kynurenine to the cell cultures did not suppress fungal-induced IL-17A production. Although PBMCs of CGD patients produced more proinflammatory cytokines after stimulation, IL-17A production was strikingly low in response to fungal pathogens when compared with healthy controls. In addition, cells from CGD patients did not display a defective L-tryptophan metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne P Smeekens
- Department of Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Candida albicans morphogenesis and host defence: discriminating invasion from colonization. Nat Rev Microbiol 2011; 10:112-22. [PMID: 22158429 DOI: 10.1038/nrmicro2711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 583] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Candida albicans is a common fungal pathogen of humans that colonizes the skin and mucosal surfaces of most healthy individuals. Until recently, little was known about the mechanisms by which mucosal antifungal defences tolerate colonizing C. albicans but react strongly when hyphae of the same microorganism attempt to invade tissue. In this Review, we describe the properties of yeast cells and hyphae that are relevant to their interaction with the host, and the immunological mechanisms that differentially recognize colonizing versus invading C. albicans.
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Smeekens SP, van de Veerdonk FL, Joosten LAB, Jacobs L, Jansen T, Williams DL, van der Meer JWM, Kullberg BJ, Netea MG. The classical CD14⁺⁺ CD16⁻ monocytes, but not the patrolling CD14⁺ CD16⁺ monocytes, promote Th17 responses to Candida albicans. Eur J Immunol 2011; 41:2915-24. [PMID: 21695694 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201141418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Revised: 05/30/2011] [Accepted: 06/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the functional differences between cluster of differentiation (CD)14(++) CD16(-) and CD14(+) CD16(+) monocytes during anti-Candida host defense. CD14(++) CD16(-) are the "classical" monocytes and represent the majority of circulating monocytes in humans, while CD14(+) CD16(+) monocytes patrol the vasculature for maintenance of tissue integrity and repair. Both monocyte subsets inhibited the germination of live Candida albicans, and there was no difference in their capacity to phagocytose and kill Candida. Although production of IL-6 and IL-10 induced by C. albicans was found to be similar between monocyte subsets, IL-1β and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production was higher in CD14(++) CD16(-) compared with CD14(+) CD16(+) monocytes. In line with the increased production of IL-1β and PGE2, central mediators for inducing Th17 responses, CD14(++) CD16(-) monocytes induced greater Th17 responses upon stimulation with heat-killed C. albicans yeast. The percentage of cells that expressed mannose receptor (MR) was higher in the CD14(++) CD16(-) monocyte subset, and MR-specific stimulation induced higher Th17 responses only in co-cultures of CD14(++) CD16(-) monocytes and CD4 lymphocytes. In conclusion, both monocyte subsets have potent innate antifungal properties, but only CD14(++) CD16(-) monocytes are capable of inducing a potent Th17 response to C. albicans, an important component of antifungal host defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne P Smeekens
- Department of Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Abstract
IL-23 is produced by dendritic cells, and other antigen presenting cells. IL-23 is required for the induction, expansion, maintenance and downstream effector functions of Th17 cells. Th17 cells upregulate neutrophil chemokines, antimicrobial peptides, and other pro-inflammatory cytokines. The lack of Th17 cells results in susceptibility to Candida, Streptococcal and Staphylococcal infections. On the contrary, the excess of Th17 cells induce various autoimmune diseases such as psoriasis. Several studies revealed that infections were more common in psoriatics than in healthy individuals. Superantigens released by microorganisms have been suggested as exogenous triggers that stimulate T cells to initiate psoriasis. Understanding the Th17 responses and their interactions with the immune system will likely provide crucial insights in the host defense and autoimmune diseases like psoriasis, and this will provide new tools for the development of effective immunomodulatory treatment strategies for infectious diseases and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Kagami
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Genomic views of STAT function in CD4+ T helper cell differentiation. Nat Rev Immunol 2011; 11:239-50. [PMID: 21436836 DOI: 10.1038/nri2958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins are well known for their essential roles in transmitting cytokine-mediated signals and specifying T helper (T(H)) cell differentiation. Recent technological advances have revealed that STAT proteins have broad and complex roles in gene regulation and epigenetic control, including important roles as functional repressors. However, the challenge of how to link signal transduction, nucleosome biology and gene regulation remains. The relevance of tackling this problem is highlighted by genome-wide association studies that link cytokine signalling and STATs to various autoimmune or immune deficiency disorders. Defining exactly how extrinsic signals control the specification and plasticity of T(H) cells will provide important insights and perhaps therapeutic opportunities in these diseases.
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Corrigendum. Clin Exp Immunol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2011.04402.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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van de Veerdonk FL, Netea MG, Joosten LA, van der Meer JWM, Kullberg BJ. Novel strategies for the prevention and treatment of Candida infections: the potential of immunotherapy. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2011; 34:1063-75. [PMID: 20528948 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2010.00232.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by Candida spp. continue to be a substantial cause of disease burden, especially in immunocompromised patients. New approaches are needed to improve the outcome of patients suffering from Candida infections, because it seems unlikely that the established standard treatment will drastically lower the morbidity of mucocutaneous Candida infections and the high mortality associated with invasive candidiasis. New insights into the mechanisms of the anti-Candida host response have contributed to the design of novel immunotherapeutic approaches that have been proposed as adjuvant therapy in Candida infections. This review presents an overview of novel strategies in the prevention and treatment of Candida infections, with a special focus on adjuvant immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank L van de Veerdonk
- Department of Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen Institute for Infection, Inflammation and Immunity (N4i), Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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van der Meer JWM, van de Veerdonk FL, Joosten LAB, Kullberg BJ, Netea MG. Severe Candida spp. infections: new insights into natural immunity. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2010; 36 Suppl 2:S58-62. [PMID: 21129931 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2010.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Invasive infections caused by Candida spp. are associated with high mortality. Colonisation by Candida spp. and the capacity of the host to recognise them as potential pathogens are essential steps in the development of these infections. The major pathogen-associated molecular patterns of Candida are mannoproteins, glucans and chitins, which are recognised by C-type lectin pattern recognition receptors such as the mannose receptor, dectin-1 and dectin-2. By the secretion of proteases and toxins, and the formation of hyphae and biofilms, Candida spp. are able to enhance their virulence and pathogenicity. Studies in patients with relatively rare immunodeficiencies, such as dectin-1 deficiency, CARD9 deficiency, chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, hyper-IgE/Job's syndrome and chronic granulomatous disease, have shown the role of dectin-1 and its signalling pathway, which involves interleukins 17 and 22, defensins and phagocytic cells, in defence against Candida. These studies also provide insights into how acquired risk factors for fungal infection operate, and may lead to new approaches for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jos W M van der Meer
- Department Internal Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Netea MG, Maródi L. Innate immune mechanisms for recognition and uptake of Candida species. Trends Immunol 2010; 31:346-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2010.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2010] [Revised: 06/10/2010] [Accepted: 06/22/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Bourgeois C, Majer O, Frohner IE, Tierney L, Kuchler K. Fungal attacks on mammalian hosts: pathogen elimination requires sensing and tasting. Curr Opin Microbiol 2010; 13:401-8. [PMID: 20538507 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2010.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2010] [Revised: 05/06/2010] [Accepted: 05/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Recognition of Candida spp. by immune cells is mediated by dedicated pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), including Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and lectins expressed on innate immune cells (e.g., macrophages, neutrophils and dendritic cells (DCs)). PRRs recognize Candida-specific pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Binding of fungal PAMPs (e.g., cell wall sugar polymers and proteins, fungal nucleic acids) to PRRs triggers the activation of innate effector cells. Recent findings underscore the role of DCs in relaying PAMP information through their PRRs to stimulate the adaptive response. In agreement, deficiencies in certain PRRs strongly impair survival to Candida infections in mice and is associated with enhanced susceptibility to mucocutaneous fungal infections in humans. Understanding the complex signaling networks protecting the host against fungal pathogens remains a challenge in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Bourgeois
- Medical University Vienna, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Infection Biology, Campus Vienna Biocenter, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9/2, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
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