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Bryniarski P, Nazimek K, Marcinkiewicz J. Immunomodulatory properties of antihypertensive drugs and digitalis glycosides. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2022; 20:111-121. [PMID: 35130796 DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2022.2039627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The role of chronic inflammatory process in the pathogenesis or exacerbation of hypertension has been already acknowledged. AREAS COVERED Therefore, one can speculate that hypotensive drugs may exert some of their therapeutic effects due to immunomodulatory properties. So far, this assumption has been tested in different studies, and the resulting knowledge is summarized in the current review article that is dedicated to different groups of antihypertensives, namely calcium channel blockers, beta blockers, as well as other less commonly used medications, such as hydralazine, agonists of alfa-2 receptor, diazoxide, doxazosin, aliskiren, and sodium nitroprusside. Articles were found in the Pubmed database by entering the name of a specific drug (or group of drugs) together with the words: immunology, cellular response, humoral response, inflammation, interleukin. The 2000-2021 range was used to search for all drugs except propranolol (1980-2021) and calcium blockers (1990-2021). EXPERT OPINION Observed decrease in serum/plasma concentration of proinflammatory cytokines, and CRP along with lower expression of adhesion molecules on immune cells strongly suggest that these drugs possess immunomodulatory properties, which seems to be crucial in the medical practice, especially in the therapy of hypertensive patients with other accompanying inflammatory-based diseases, such as type II diabetes, developed metabolic syndrome, allergies or autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Bryniarski
- Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków Medical College Ringgold standard institution, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Nazimek
- Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków Medical College Ringgold standard institution, Krakow, Poland
| | - Janusz Marcinkiewicz
- Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków Medical College Ringgold standard institution, Krakow, Poland
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Increased Serum Levels of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Contribute to Inflammatory Responses in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041841. [PMID: 33673283 PMCID: PMC7918107 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the inflammatory responses in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Serum levels of BDNF and the precursor form of BDNF (proBDNF) from 625 RA patients and 40 controls were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Effects of BDNF on the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway were analyzed by Western blotting. Microarray analysis was conducted to search BDNF regulated gene expression in Jurkat cells, and the differentially expressed genes were validated using T cells from patients with RA and controls. Serum BDNF levels were significantly elevated in patients with RA compared with the controls. Low serum BDNF levels were found in RA patients with anxiety or receiving biologics treatment. BDNF (20 ng/mL) enhanced the phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and c-Jun, but suppressed the phosphorylation of p38, whereas BDNF (200 ng/mL) enhanced the phosphorylation of ERK and p38. After validation, the expression of CAMK2A, MASP2, GNG13, and MUC5AC, regulated by BDNF and one of its receptors, NGFR, was increased in RA T cells. BDNF increased the IL-2, IL-17, and IFN-γ expression in Jurkat cells and IL-2 and IFN-γ secretion in activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
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Risk factors associated with fatigue in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Joint Bone Spine 2020; 87:501-502. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2020.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Lin TT, Ko TY, Lin LY, Wu CK. Use of calcium channel blockers and myocardial infarction in hypertensive patients with rheumatoid arthritis - A nationwide cohort study. J Formos Med Assoc 2019; 119:350-358. [PMID: 31257076 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) should be regarded as a high risk factor for myocardial infarction (MI). In addition to anti-hypertensive effect, calcium channel blockers (CCBs) were frequently used as anti-angina drugs in patients with MI. However, the association between CCBs and MI in RA remains unclear. We investigated whether CCBs could decrease incidence of myocardial infarction in patients with hypertension and RA. METHODS We identified patients from the Registry for Catastrophic Illness, a nation-wide database encompassing almost all of the RA patients in Taiwan from 1995 to 2008. The primary endpoint was MI and the median duration of follow up was 3,050 days. Propensity score matching and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios for MI. RESULTS Among 27,844 patients with hypertension, 17,317 (61.5%) subjects received CCBs (mean age = 58.8 years, 72.1% female). The incidence of MI significantly decreased in patients treated with CCBs (hazard ratio [HR] 0.560; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.494-0.634). After propensity match, subjects receiving CCBs had significantly lower risk of MI (HR 0.637, 95% CI 0.549-0.740). The protective effect of CCBs therapy was significantly better in patients taking longer duration. Of note, the effect remained robust in subgroup analyses, including dihydropyridine CCBs (HR 0.550; 95% CI 0.466-0.650) and non-dihydropyridine CCBs (HR 0.674, 95% CI 0.588-0.773). CONCLUSION Therapy of CCBs is associated with a lower risk of MI among hypertensive patients with RA. Hence, the prescription of CCBs may be a compelling indication of BP lowering in RA population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Tse Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, HsinChu, Taiwan; Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Yu Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, HsinChu, Taiwan
| | - Lian-Yu Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cho-Kai Wu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Park R, Ji JD. Calcium channels: the potential therapeutic targets for inflammatory bone destruction of rheumatoid arthritis. Inflamm Res 2016; 65:347-54. [PMID: 26852086 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-016-0920-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Revised: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inflammatory bone resorption causes progressive joint destruction which ultimately leads to functional disability in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The primary cell responsible for bone resorption is the osteoclast, which means it is a potential therapeutic target against bone destruction. In fact, experimental and clinical findings suggest that blockade of osteoclast differentiation and function is highly effective in inhibiting bone destruction in RA. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION In this report, we show several lines of experimental evidence which suggest that a variety of Ca(2+) channels are essential in osteoclast differentiation and function, and present a hypothesis that modulation of Ca(2+) channels is a highly effective therapeutic strategy in preventing osteoclast-induced structural damage in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Park
- Division of Rheumatology, College of Medicine, Korea University, 126-1, Anam-Dong 5-Ga, Sungbuk-Ku, Seoul, 136-705, South Korea
| | - Jong Dae Ji
- Division of Rheumatology, College of Medicine, Korea University, 126-1, Anam-Dong 5-Ga, Sungbuk-Ku, Seoul, 136-705, South Korea.
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Kosiorek M, Zylinska L, Zablocki K, Pikula S. Calcineurin/NFAT signaling represses genes Vamp1 and Vamp2 via PMCA-dependent mechanism during dopamine secretion by Pheochromocytoma cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92176. [PMID: 24667359 PMCID: PMC3965406 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasma membrane Ca(2+)-ATPases (PMCA) extrude Ca(2+) ions out of the cell and contribute to generation of calcium oscillations. Calcium signaling is crucial for transcriptional regulation of dopamine secretion by neuroendocrine PC12 cells. Low resting [Ca(2+)]c in PC12 cells is maintained mainly by two Ca(2+)-ATPases, PMCA2 and PMCA3. Recently, we found that Ca(2+) dependent phosphatase calcineurin was excessively activated under conditions of experimental downregulation of PMCA2 or PMCA3. Thus, the aim of this study was to explain if, via modulation of the Ca(2+)/calcineurin-dependent nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) pathway, PMCA2 and PMCA3 affect intracellular signaling in pheochromocytoma/neuronal cells/PC12 cells. Secondly, we tested whether this might influence dopamine secretion by PC12 cells. RESULTS PMCA2- and PMCA3-deficient cells displayed profound decrease in dopamine secretion accompanied by a permanent increase in [Ca(2+)]c. Reduction in secretion might result from changes in NFAT signaling, following altered PMCA pattern. Consequently, activation of NFAT1 and NFAT3 transcription factors was observed in PMCA2- or PMCA3-deficient cells. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay indicated that NFATs could be involved in repression of Vamp genes encoding vesicle associated membrane proteins (VAMP). CONCLUSIONS PMCA2 and PMCA3 are crucial for dopamine secretion in PC12 cells. Reduction in PMCA2 or PMCA3 led to calcium-dependent activation of calcineurin/NFAT signaling and, in consequence, to repression of the Vamp gene and deterioration of the SNARE complex formation in PC12 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michalina Kosiorek
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, PAS, Warsaw, Poland
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Department of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre PAS, Warsaw, Poland
- * E-mail: (MK); (SP)
| | - Ludmila Zylinska
- Department of Molecular Neurochemistry, Medical University, Lodz, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Zablocki
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, PAS, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Slawomir Pikula
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, PAS, Warsaw, Poland
- * E-mail: (MK); (SP)
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Pan MG, Xiong Y, Chen F. NFAT gene family in inflammation and cancer. Curr Mol Med 2013; 13:543-54. [PMID: 22950383 DOI: 10.2174/1566524011313040007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Revised: 08/04/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Calcineurin-NFAT signaling is critical for numerous aspects of vertebrate function during and after embryonic development. Initially discovered in T cells, the NFAT gene family, consisting of five members, regulates immune system, inflammatory response, angiogenesis, cardiac valve formation, myocardial development, axonal guidance, skeletal muscle development, bone homeostasis, development and metastasis of cancer, and many other biological processes. In this review we will focus on the NFAT literature relevant to the two closely related pathological systems: inflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-G Pan
- Division of Oncology and Hematology, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Santa Clara, CA 95051, USA.
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Xu XF, Xin Y, Zhang Y, Huang YM, Li WB, Li N, Lin Z, Zhou YJ, Zhang ZG. Expression of lymphocyte coding genes in peripheral blood and lymphocyte infiltration in cardiac tissues influenced by cyclosporin A in heterotopic heart transplantation model in rats. Transpl Immunol 2013; 29:82-7. [PMID: 23851154 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED To systematically compare the expression of coding genes with pathological changes of transplanted cardiac tissue and peripheral blood lymphocytes in an allo-heterotopic rat cardiac transplant model. Using SD rats as donors and Wistar rats as recipients, animals were divided into two groups, control and cyclosporine A intervention plus heart transplant groups. After transplant at 1, 3, 7, 10 and 12d, we assessed the ability of lymphocytes to infiltrate into cardiac tissues and levels of leukocyte coding genes in peripheral blood. Histopathological changes were monitored in cardiac tissue to determine the level of transplant rejection. RESULTS (1) 24h after transplant peripheral blood lymphocytes' transcription and expression were temporarily reduced. (2) CD4(+) and CD8(+) lymphocytes infiltrate into cardiac tissue and Grade 1R pathological changes were observed 3d-7d after heart transplant. (3)Cyclosporine A was not able to completely block heart transplant rejection.(4) Although cyclosporine A was not able to effectively suppress CD4(+) T cell gene expression, it did suppress CD8(+) T cell gene transcription. (5) Cyclosporine A did not effectively reduce the rapid infiltration of CD4(+) or CD8(+) infiltration in 3d, but significantly reduced the degree of CD4(+) T cell infiltration in cardiac tissues between 3 and 7d. (6) Differential display (DD-PCR): Graft control group: there were differences in 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate, ribosomal protein S25, 12S ribosomal, gig18, MHC-III and ATPase H(+), which occurred 24h before CD4/CD8 surface protein expression. Cyclosporine A group: there were differences in thrombospondin-1, TCR, 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate, sodium channel beta-1, gig18 and TCR. In the cyclosporine A group 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate positive expression was observed 24h after the control group, which indicates that cyclosporine A slowed down the 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate transcription rate in peripheral lymphocytes and delayed its expression time. Cyclosporine A also suppressed gig18 transcription in peripheral lymphocytes. After 24h, sodium channel beta-1 was positively expressed in the cyclosporine A group. The relationship between molecular surface receptor expression and coding genes in cardiac tissue and peripheral blood after transplant indicates that early detection of acute rejection and anti-rejection drugs' curative effect can be assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-fang Xu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University Affiliated with Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung & Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing 100029, PR China
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DNA binding activity of nuclear factor of activated T cells in mononuclear cells from renal transplant patients with and without BK virus viruria. Tzu Chi Med J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcmj.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Xu XF, Xin Y, Zhang Y, Huang YM, Gu Y, Li N, Li WB, Zhou YJ, Zhang ZG. Expressional time phase of leukocyte molecules induced by allogenic cardiac antigen and cyclosporin A in rats' in vitro model. Int J Clin Exp Med 2013; 6:404-412. [PMID: 23724161 PMCID: PMC3664009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The immunosuppressive agent cyclosporin A has been proven to reduce the rejection rate and prolong the survival time of transplanted hearts. But some reports showed that cyclosporine A did not completely suppress the rejection. We performed in vitro studies to model a time course to observe the effect of cyclosporin A. METHODS The experiment was divided into a control group (group I), an antigen group (group II), a cyclosporin A group (group III) and an antigen + cyclosporin A group (group IV). After transplantation, at 2 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h, leukocyte molecules were monitored. RESULTS The expression of IL-2R peaked at 12 h in group II and at 6 h in group III. There was a gradual decline in the expression of the P59 gene in group I, positive expression at 2 h and between 12 h and 24 h in group II, in group IV, there was a decrease at 48 h. The expression of the CD4 gene was lowest at 2 h in group I and at 6 h in group II. CD4 expression then quickly increased to a maximum at 48 h in group III, at 2 h in group IV. There was a minimal expression was reached at 12 h in group I and IV and at 6 h in group III in the expression of the CD8 gene. CONCLUSIONS Alloantigen induced lymphocytes to release IL-2R and P59 and stimulated the induction of the CD4 gene' transcription for 6 h. Cyclosporin A stimulated the release of IL-2R for 2 h. These results provide an in vitro basis for describing the time phases of rejection inhibited by cyclosporin A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Fang Xu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University Affiliated with Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung & Blood Vessel DiseasesBeijing 100029, China
| | - Yi Xin
- Department of Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University Affiliated with Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung & Blood Vessel DiseasesBeijing 100029, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University Affiliated with Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung & Blood Vessel DiseasesBeijing 100029, China
| | - Yi-Min Huang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University Affiliated with Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung & Blood Vessel DiseasesBeijing 100029, China
| | - Yun Gu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University Affiliated with Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung & Blood Vessel DiseasesBeijing 100029, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University Affiliated with Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung & Blood Vessel DiseasesBeijing 100029, China
| | - Wen-Bin Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Capital Medical University Affiliated with Beijing Anzhen HospitalBeijing 100029, China
| | - Yu-Jie Zhou
- Department of Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University Affiliated with Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung & Blood Vessel DiseasesBeijing 100029, China
| | - Zhao-Guang Zhang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Capital Medical University Affiliated with Beijing Anzhen HospitalBeijing 100029, China
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