Plasma and cyst fluid levels of delta 5 and delta 4 steroid hormones in women with gross cystic breast disease

HPA axis activity across the menstrual cycle - a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies

Differential HPA axis function has been proposed to underlie sex-differences in mental disorders; however, the impact of fluctuating sex hormones across the menstrual cycle on HPA axis activity is still unclear. This meta-analysis investigated basal cortisol concentrations as a marker for HPA axis activity across the menstrual cycle. Through a systematic literature search of five databases, 121 longitudinal studies were included, summarizing data of 2641 healthy, cycling participants between the ages of 18 and 45. The meta-analysis showed higher cortisol concentrations in the follicular vs. luteal phase (d_SMC = 0.12, p =.004, [0.04 - 0.20]). Comparisons between more precise cycle phases were mostly insignificant, aside from higher concentrations in the menstrual vs. premenstrual phase (d_SMC = 0.17, [0.02 - 0.33], p =.03). In all included studies, nine samples used established cortisol parameters to indicate HPA axis function, specifically diurnal profiles (k = 4) and the cortisol awakening response (CAR) (k = 5). Therefore, the meta-analysis highlights the need for more rigorous investigation of HPA axis activity and menstrual cycle phase.

Dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate plasma levels in normal women and patients with benign breast disease

Dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate plasma levels were measured in patients with benign breast disease and in healthy women. In addition the adrenal secretion of dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate was assessed by means of an ACTH stimulation test in some patients and control subjects. The results obtained demonstrate that dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate plasma levels of patients with benign breast disease overlap those found in controls and that the adrenal response to ACTH of patients with breast pathology does not differ from that of healthy women.

Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) and DHEA-S-like compounds in fibrocystic disease of the breast

We assayed Type 1 (high K+) and Type 2 (high Na+) human breast cyst fluids for DHEA-S. When an antibody specific for the 3-sulfoconjugate end of DHEA-S was used, Type 1 cyst fluids (n = 18) showed a content of 114 +/- 68 micrograms/mL (mean +/- sigma) and Type 2 cyst fluids (n = 14) of 35 +/- 17 micrograms/mL (P less than 0.01). Using an antibody specific for the D-ring, the results were 151 +/- 91 micrograms/mL and 51 +/- 32 micrograms/mL, respectively (P less than 0.01). The apparent concentrations of DHEA-S were statistically different, even though both assays gave equal results in serum from normal adults. The presence of other compounds in individual cyst fluid samples was examined by extraction and chromatography. DHEA-S immunoreactivity was found in both early and late eluting fractions in Type 1 cyst fluids and in late eluting fractions from Type 2 cyst fluids. Only the late eluting fraction from Type 2 fluids had approximately equal immunoreactivity with both antibodies. In addition to authentic DHEA-S, breast cyst fluids contain other materials that react with DHEA-S antibodies. Radioimmunoassays for DHEA-S in cyst fluid must be specifically validated because of the presence of these compounds.