1
|
Skarbaliene J, Mathiesen JM, Larsen BD, Thorkildsen C, Petersen YM. Glepaglutide, a novel glucagon-like peptide-2 agonist, has anti-inflammatory and mucosal regenerative effects in an experimental model of inflammatory bowel disease in rats. BMC Gastroenterol 2023; 23:79. [PMID: 36944922 PMCID: PMC10029296 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-023-02716-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) enhances intestinal repair and attenuates inflammation in preclinical inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) models, making GLP-2 analogues attractive candidates for IBD therapy. Glepaglutide is a long-acting GLP-2 receptor agonist in clinical development for treatment of short bowel syndrome. Here, we investigated if glepaglutide is therapeutically beneficial in rats with small intestinal inflammation. METHODS Small intestinal inflammation was induced with indomethacin in naive Wistar rats, followed by glepaglutide administration at different disease stages. Glepaglutide was administered in co-treatment and post-treatment regimens. Small intestinal length and concentrations of inflammatory markers α-1-acid glycoprotein and myeloperoxidase were used to assess anti-inflammatory effects. Small intestinal mass was evaluated to determine intestinotrophic effects. RESULTS Glepaglutide co- and post-treatment significantly reduced severity of small intestinal inflammation, evidenced by reversed small intestinal shortening and decreased α-1-acid glycoprotein and/or myeloperoxidase concentration(s). Co- and post-treatment with glepaglutide also significantly increased small intestinal mass, indicating intestinal regenerative effects. Similar effects were observed in naive rats after glepaglutide treatment. CONCLUSION Glepaglutide has anti-inflammatory and intestinotrophic effects without the need for pre-treatment in a rat model of small intestinal inflammation. Thus, glepaglutide is of potential clinical interest for patients with IBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Skarbaliene
- Research and Development, Zealand Pharma A/S, Sydmarken 11, 2860, Søborg, Denmark
- Pharvaris GmbH, 6300, Grafenauweg 8, Zug, Switzerland
| | | | - Bjarne Due Larsen
- Research and Development, Zealand Pharma A/S, Sydmarken 11, 2860, Søborg, Denmark
| | | | - Yvette Miata Petersen
- Research and Development, Zealand Pharma A/S, Sydmarken 11, 2860, Søborg, Denmark
- Hoffmann-La Roche, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Investigation of the Therapeutic Effect of Total Alkaloids of Corydalis saxicola Bunting on CCl 4-Induced Liver Fibrosis in Rats by LC/MS-Based Metabolomics Analysis and Network Pharmacology. Metabolites 2022; 13:metabo13010009. [PMID: 36676934 PMCID: PMC9866371 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a pathological result of liver injury that usually leads to a pathophysiological wound healing response. The total alkaloids of Corydalis saxicola Bunting (TACS) have been used for hepatoprotective effects on the liver. However, its exact therapeutic mechanisms of liver fibrosis are not yet well understood. To explore the potential anti-fibrosis mechanism of TACS, metabolomics coupled with network pharmacology were applied to reveal the underlying mechanisms. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) combined with multivariate statistical analyses were performed to estimate changes in metabolic profiles. As a result, a total of 23 metabolites in rats with liver fibrosis were altered; of these, 11 had been downregulated and 12 had been upregulated compared with the control group. After TACS treatment, the levels of 13 metabolites were significantly restored compared with the CCl4-treated group, of which 4 metabolites were up-regulated and 9 metabolites were down-regulated. Many of these metabolites are involved in the bile acid metabolism, glutathione metabolism, tryptophan metabolism and purine metabolism. Then, three key targets, including cytochrome P450 family1 subfamily A member 1 (CYP1A1), ornithine decarboxylase 1 (OCD1) and monoamine oxidase Type B (MAOB) were predicted as potential therapeutic targets of TACS against liver fibrosis through network pharmacology analysis. Finally, palmatine, tetrahydropalmatine and dehydrocavidine were screened as potential active compounds responsible for the anti-fibrosis effect of TACS by molecular docking analysis. This study reveals that TACS exerted anti-fibrosis effects by regulating the liver metabolic pathway with multiple components and multiple targets, which is helpful to further clarify the hepatoprotective mechanisms of natural plant extracts.
Collapse
|
3
|
Tawfik DI, Osman AS, Tolba HM, Khattab A, Abdel-Salam LO, Kamel MM. Evaluation of therapeutic effect of low dose naltrexone in experimentally-induced Crohn's disease in rats. Neuropeptides 2016; 59:39-45. [PMID: 27392602 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Crohn's disease is a relapsing inflammatory condition afflicting the digestive tract. Drugs used for treatment of Crohn's disease may be associated with serious side effects. Endogenous opioid peptides modulate inflammatory cytokine production. Opioid antagonists have been shown to play a role in healing and repair of tissues. This work was designed to detect the possible beneficial effects of opioid antagonist naltrexone in indomethacin-induced Crohn's disease in rats. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Enteritis was induced in male albino rats by two subcutaneous injection of indomethacin in a dose of 7.5mg/kg 24h apart started on day one. Salfasalazine, naltrexone and their combination were administered orally from day one of induction of enteritis to day 10. Disease activity index, serum levels of C-reactive protein and tumor necrosis factor-α, macroscopic and microscopic pathological scores and in vitro motility studies were evaluated. RESULTS Induction of enteritis resulted in significant increase of disease activity index, significant elevation of serum levels of C-reactive protein and tumor necrosis factor-α, significant deterioration of pathological scores and significant increase in the mean contractility response of the isolated ileal segments compared with normal untreated rats. Treatment with sulfasalazine, low dose of natrexone or their combination resulted in significant improvement of all measured parameters compared with enteritis group. CONCLUSION The current finding could provide new interesting opportunity for developing new therapeutic approaches for treatment of Crohn's disease. Use of naltrexone, especially in small dose, has little side effects making it of interest for treatment of Crohn's disease. Also, it provides the possibility of reduced doses of other drugs if it is used as combined therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Afaf Sayed Osman
- Medical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Eqypt.
| | | | - Aida Khattab
- Medical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Eqypt
| | | | - Mahmoud M Kamel
- Clinical Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Park JH, Kwon JG, Kim SJ, Song DK, Lee SG, Kim ES, Kim ES, Cho KB, Jang BI, Kim DH, Sin JI, Kim TW, Song IH, Park KS. Alterations of colonic contractility in an interleukin-10 knockout mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2015; 21:51-61. [PMID: 25537671 PMCID: PMC4288096 DOI: 10.5056/jnm14008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Inflammatory bowel disease is commonly accompanied by colonic dysmotility and causes changes in intestinal smooth muscle contractility. In this study, colonic smooth muscle contractility in a chronic inflammatory condition was investigated using smooth muscle tissues prepared from interleukin-10 knockout (IL-10−/−) mice. Methods Prepared smooth muscle sections were placed in an organ bath system. Cholinergic and nitrergic neuronal responses were observed using carbachol and electrical field stimulation with L-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME). The expression of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) networks, muscarinic receptors, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was observed via immunofluorescent staining. Results The spontaneous contractility and expression of ICC networks in the proximal and distal colon was significantly decreased in IL-10−/− mice compared to IL-10+/+ mice. The contractility in response to carbachol was significantly decreased in the proximal colon of IL-10−/− mice compared to IL-10+/+ mice, but no significant difference was found in the distal colon. In addition, the expression of muscarinic receptor type 2 was reduced in the proximal colon of IL-10−/− mice. The nictric oxide-mediated relaxation after electrical field stimulation was significantly decreased in the proximal and distal colon of IL-10−/− mice. In inflamed colon, the expression of nNOS decreased, whereas the expression of iNOS increased. Conclusions These results suggest that damage to the ICC network and NOS system in the proximal and distal colon, as well as damage to the smooth muscle cholinergic receptor in the proximal colon may play an important role in the dysmotility of the inflamed colon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hyung Park
- Department of Physiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Joong Goo Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sun Joo Kim
- Department of Physiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Dae Kyu Song
- Department of Physiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Seok Guen Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | | | - Eun Su Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Kwang Bum Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Byung Ik Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Dae Hwan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jeong-Im Sin
- Department of Microbiology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Tae Wan Kim
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - In Hwan Song
- Department of Anatomy, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Kyung Sik Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jorge E, Vergara P, Martin MT. Ileal inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA expression in response to stress is modified in Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to a previous intestinal inflammation. Stress 2012; 15:62-73. [PMID: 21790346 DOI: 10.3109/10253890.2011.582655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of stress to initiate or reactivate an inflammatory process seems to depend on an individual's susceptibility to stressful stimuli. The aim of this study was to establish whether previous inflammation alters the response to stress in Sprague-Dawley rats, a strain not especially susceptible to stressful stimuli. Stress exposure was performed in rats treated with indomethacin, to induce cyclic intestinal inflammation, during the inactive phase of inflammation. Both control and indomethacin-treated rats submitted to stress showed a decrease in body weight gain and blood leukocyte levels, as well as an increase in fecal pellet output. The increase in intestinal mucosal mast cell count induced by stress was similar in both groups of animals. Moreover, no differences were observed between control and indomethacin-treated rats in the degree of bacterial translocation and myeloperoxidase levels after stress exposure. Despite these similarities, differences between groups were observed in inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA expression. Although ileal iNOS mRNA expression was inhibited in healthy rats submitted to stress, stress failed to modify this parameter in indomethacin-treated rats. As iNOS is another inflammatory marker, our results may allow the possibility that a previous intestinal inflammation could change the intestinal susceptibility to stress. Whether these differences in ileal iNOS expression can be indicative of a possible change in the predisposition to develop an intestinal inflammatory reaction in response to stress in Sprague-Dawley rats remains to be elucidated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Jorge
- Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dikopoulos N, Schmid RM, Bachem M, Buttenschoen K, Adler G, Chiang JYL, Weidenbach H. Bile synthesis in rat models of inflammatory bowel diseases. Eur J Clin Invest 2007; 37:222-30. [PMID: 17359490 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2007.01779.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A broad spectrum of hepatobiliary disorders are found in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. The aim of the present work was to study interactions between gut and liver in experimental rat models of colitis and small bowel inflammation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Colitis was induced either by trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid or dextran sodium sulphate. Small-bowel inflammation was induced by indomethacin. Bile acid secretion, bile acid pool, and cholesterol 7-alpha hydroxylase were studied. Cholesterol 7-alpha hydroxylase protein expression was analysed in the microsomal liver fraction. As portal mediators released form the inflamed gut we measured lipopolysaccharide, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1beta in portal serum. The hepatic inflammatory response was evaluated by binding activity of nuclear factor-kappaB, activator protein-1 and alpha-2-macroglobulin. RESULTS Increased bile acid secretion, total bile acid content in gut and liver (bile acid pool size), and hepatic cholesterol 7-alpha hydroxylase protein and mRNA levels were found in the two colitis models associated with only a minor hepatic acute phase and cytokine response. In contrast, during indomethacin-induced small-bowel inflammation bile acid secretion, pool size, and cholesterol 7-alpha hydroxylase decreased in parallel to a strong hepatic cytokine and acute phase response. CONCLUSIONS Colitis without portal cytokine release and acute phase reaction shows an induction of bile acid secretion, pool size, and cholesterol 7-alpha hydroxylase. In contrast, intestinal inflammation after indomethacin treatment is associated with an acute phase response and a repression of bile acid synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Dikopoulos
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Silva MA, Porras M, Jury J, Vergara P, Perdue MH. Characterization of ileal dendritic cell distribution in a rat model of acute and chronic inflammation. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2006; 12:457-70. [PMID: 16775489 DOI: 10.1097/00054725-200606000-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We examined ileal dendritic cell (DC) subpopulations in a rat model of indomethacin-induced enteritis to determine changes in phenotype and distribution associated with increased mucosal permeability during acute and chronic stages of inflammation. Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with indomethacin (7.5 mg/kg subcutaneously, 2 injections 48 h apart). Animals were killed at day 4 (acute stage) or at day 15 or 30 (chronic stages); control rats were injected with saline. DC distribution was evaluated by immunohistochemistry for CD103, CD11b, CD83, and CD163; inflammation was assessed by light microscopy; and permeability was determined by flux of horseradish peroxidase in Ussing chambers. In controls, both immature DC subpopulations, CD103+CD11b+CD163-CD83- and CD103+CD11b-CD163-CD83-, were observed in the lamina propria, and the CD11b- population also was present in Peyer's patches. In acute inflammation, permeability was increased (P<0.01), and inflamed areas with or without ulcers were observed. CD103+ and CD11b+ (CD83-) DCs were absent from inflamed areas, reduced in noninflamed tissues, but present in Peyer's patches. In the chronic stage at day 15, CD103+ and CD11b+ cells were located in inflamed and noninflamed areas and in Peyer's patches. In addition, CD83+ DCs were detected in inflamed areas. At day 30, when we observed a complete microscopic resolution of inflammation, numbers of CD103+ and CD11b+ DCs were increased, and there were CD83+ DCs beneath the epithelial cell layer. We conclude that antigen uptake in acute inflammation may activate resident immature DCs, inducing their migration to lymphoid tissue where they mature and then return to the intestine to play a role in the local inflammatory response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel A Silva
- Intestinal Disease Research Programme, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|