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Morgan H, Tseng SY, Gallais Y, Leineweber M, Buchmann P, Riccardi S, Nabhan M, Lo J, Gani Z, Szely N, Zhu CS, Yang M, Kiessling A, Vohr HW, Pallardy M, Aswad F, Turbica I. Evaluation of in vitro Assays to Assess the Modulation of Dendritic Cells Functions by Therapeutic Antibodies and Aggregates. Front Immunol 2019; 10:601. [PMID: 31001248 PMCID: PMC6455063 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic antibodies have the potential to induce immunogenicity leading to the development of anti-drug antibodies (ADA) that consequently may result in reduced serum drug concentrations, a loss of efficacy or potential hypersensitivity reactions. Among other factors, aggregated antibodies have been suggested to promote immunogenicity, thus enhancing ADA production. Dendritic cells (DC) are the most efficient antigen-presenting cell population and are crucial for the initiation of T cell responses and the subsequent generation of an adaptive immune response. This work focuses on the development of predictive in vitro assays that can monitor DC maturation, in order to determine whether drug products have direct DC stimulatory capabilities. To this end, four independent laboratories aligned a common protocol to differentiate human monocyte-derived DC (moDC) that were treated with either native or aggregated preparations of infliximab, natalizumab, adalimumab, or rituximab. These drug products were subjected to different forms of physical stress, heat and shear, resulting in aggregation and the formation of subvisible particles. Each partner developed and optimized assays to monitor diverse end-points of moDC maturation: measuring the upregulation of DC activation markers via flow cytometry, analyzing cytokine, and chemokine production via mRNA and protein quantification and identifying cell signaling pathways via quantification of protein phosphorylation. These study results indicated that infliximab, with the highest propensity to form aggregates when heat-stressed, induced a marked activation of moDC as measured by an increase in CD83 and CD86 surface expression, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, TNFα, CCL3, and CCL4 transcript upregulation and release of respective proteins, and phosphorylation of the intracellular signaling proteins Syk, ERK1/2, and Akt. In contrast, natalizumab, which does not aggregate under these stress conditions, induced no DC activation in any assay system, whereas adalimumab or rituximab aggregates induced only slight parameter variation. Importantly, the data generated in the different assay systems by each partner site correlated and supported the use of these assays to monitor drug-intrinsic propensities to drive maturation of DC. This moDC assay is also a valuable tool as an in vitro model to assess the intracellular mechanisms that drive DC activation by aggregated therapeutic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Morgan
- Translational Immunology, Discovery & Investigative Safety, Preclinical Safety, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Su-Yi Tseng
- Biologics Research, Lead Discovery, Immunoprofiling, Bayer US LLC, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Yann Gallais
- Inflammation, Chimiokines et Immunopathologie, INSERM, Fac. de pharmacie - Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Margret Leineweber
- Immunotoxicology, Pharmaceuticals, Research and Development, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Pascale Buchmann
- Immunotoxicology, Pharmaceuticals, Research and Development, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Sabrina Riccardi
- Translational Immunology, Discovery & Investigative Safety, Preclinical Safety, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Myriam Nabhan
- Inflammation, Chimiokines et Immunopathologie, INSERM, Fac. de pharmacie - Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Jeannette Lo
- Biologics Research, Lead Discovery, Immunoprofiling, Bayer US LLC, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Zaahira Gani
- Translational Immunology, Discovery & Investigative Safety, Preclinical Safety, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Natacha Szely
- Inflammation, Chimiokines et Immunopathologie, INSERM, Fac. de pharmacie - Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Cornelia S Zhu
- Immunotoxicology, Pharmaceuticals, Research and Development, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Ming Yang
- Biologics Research, Lead Discovery, Immunoprofiling, Bayer US LLC, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Andrea Kiessling
- Translational Immunology, Discovery & Investigative Safety, Preclinical Safety, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Werner Vohr
- Immunotoxicology, Pharmaceuticals, Research and Development, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Marc Pallardy
- Inflammation, Chimiokines et Immunopathologie, INSERM, Fac. de pharmacie - Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Fred Aswad
- Biologics Research, Lead Discovery, Immunoprofiling, Bayer US LLC, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Isabelle Turbica
- Inflammation, Chimiokines et Immunopathologie, INSERM, Fac. de pharmacie - Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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Desch AN, Gibbings SL, Clambey ET, Janssen WJ, Slansky JE, Kedl RM, Henson PM, Jakubzick C. Dendritic cell subsets require cis-activation for cytotoxic CD8 T-cell induction. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4674. [PMID: 25135627 PMCID: PMC4153365 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are required for the induction of cytotoxic T cells (CTL). In most tissues, including the lung, the resident DCs fall into two types expressing the integrin markers CD103 and CD11b. The current supposition is that DC function is predetermined by lineage, designating the CD103(+) DC as the major cross-presenting DC able to induce CTL. Here we show that Poly I:C (TLR3 agonist) or R848 (TLR7 agonist) do not activate all endogenous DCs. CD11b(+) DCs can orchestrate a CTL response in vivo in the presence of a TLR7 agonist but not a TLR3 agonist, whereas CD103(+) DCs require ligation of TLR3 for this purpose. This selectivity does not extend to antigen cross-presentation for T-cell proliferation but is required for induction of cytotoxicity. Thus, we demonstrate that the ability of DCs to induce functional CTLs is specific to the nature of the pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) encountered by endogenous DC.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Nicole Desch
- Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health and UC Denver Anschutz Campus, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, Colorado 80206
| | - Sophie L. Gibbings
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, Colorado 80206
| | - Eric T. Clambey
- Department of Anesthesiology, UC Denver Anschutz Campus, Denver, CO, 80206
| | | | - Jill E. Slansky
- Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health and UC Denver Anschutz Campus, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, Colorado 80206
| | - Ross M. Kedl
- Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health and UC Denver Anschutz Campus, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, Colorado 80206
| | - Peter M. Henson
- Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health and UC Denver Anschutz Campus, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, Colorado 80206
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, Colorado 80206
| | - Claudia Jakubzick
- Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health and UC Denver Anschutz Campus, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, Colorado 80206
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, Colorado 80206
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