1
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Zhang Y, Jin X, Lian L. Rare co-occurrence of tonsillar follicular dendritic cell sarcoma and schizophrenia: A comprehensive study. Clin Case Rep 2024; 12:e8700. [PMID: 38585586 PMCID: PMC10995268 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.8700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the infrequent occurrence of tonsillar follicular dendritic cell sarcoma (FDCS) co-existing with schizophrenia, presenting a comprehensive examination of clinical, pathological, and literature aspects. A systematic literature review was conducted, focusing on articles related to "schizophrenia" and "sarcoma," with in-depth analysis of included case reports. Clinical data, pathological findings, and patient follow-up information were collected and synthesized. The study detailed a rare case of FDCS in the tonsil concurrent with schizophrenia, providing insights into diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up. A literature review of combined FDCS in the tonsil and schizophrenia cases highlighted their clinical and pathological characteristics. Eight case reports encompassing 11 patients diagnosed with sarcoma and schizophrenia were included. Surgical resection was the preferred primary treatment, while chemotherapy was suggested for recurrences. Instances of co-occurring FDCS and schizophrenia were exceptionally limited, with tonsillar FDCS being particularly uncommon. The coexistence of tonsillar FDCS and schizophrenia was an exceptionally rare condition, posing diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. This study contributed valuable insights into clinical and pathological practice through a systematic review, underscoring the significance of early diagnosis and comprehensive management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineZhejiang Chinese Medicine UniversityHangzhouP. R. China
| | - Xiaoxi Jin
- Department of PathologyWenzhou People's HospitalWenzhouP. R. China
| | - Liyan Lian
- Department of Pathologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouP. R. China
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2
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Tan Z, Wang L, Li X. Composition and regulation of the immune microenvironment of salivary gland in Sjögren’s syndrome. Front Immunol 2022; 13:967304. [PMID: 36177010 PMCID: PMC9513852 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.967304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by exocrine gland dysfunction and inflammation. Patients often have dry mouth and dry eye symptoms, which seriously affect their lives. Improving dry mouth and eye symptoms has become a common demand from patients. For this reason, researchers have conducted many studies on external secretory glands. In this paper, we summarize recent studies on the salivary glands of pSS patients from the perspective of the immune microenvironment. These studies showed that hypoxia, senescence, and chronic inflammation are the essential characteristics of the salivary gland immune microenvironment. In the SG of pSS, genes related to lymphocyte chemotaxis, antigen presentation, and lymphocyte activation are upregulated. Interferon (IFN)-related genes, DNA methylation, sRNA downregulation, and mitochondrial-related differentially expressed genes are also involved in forming the immune microenvironment of pSS, while multiple signaling pathways are involved in regulation. We further elucidated the regulation of the salivary gland immune microenvironment in pSS and relevant, targeted treatments.
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3
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Wang Y, Peng D, Huang Y, Cao Y, Li H, Zhang X. Podoplanin: Its roles and functions in neurological diseases and brain cancers. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:964973. [PMID: 36176432 PMCID: PMC9514838 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.964973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Podoplanin is a small mucin-like glycoprotein involved in several physiological and pathological processes in the brain including development, angiogenesis, tumors, ischemic stroke and other neurological disorders. Podoplanin expression is upregulated in different cell types including choroid plexus epithelial cells, glial cells, as well as periphery infiltrated immune cells during brain development and neurological disorders. As a transmembrane protein, podoplanin interacts with other molecules in the same or neighboring cells. In the past, a lot of studies reported a pleiotropic role of podoplanin in the modulation of thrombosis, inflammation, lymphangiogenesis, angiogenesis, immune surveillance, epithelial mesenchymal transition, as well as extracellular matrix remodeling in periphery, which have been well summarized and discussed. Recently, mounting evidence demonstrates the distribution and function of this molecule in brain development and neurological disorders. In this review, we summarize the research progresses in understanding the roles and mechanisms of podoplanin in the development and disorders of the nervous system. The challenges of podoplanin-targeted approaches for disease prognosis and preventions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, Suzhou, China
| | - Dan Peng
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, Suzhou, China
| | - Yaqian Huang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, Suzhou, China
| | - Yongjun Cao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, Suzhou, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Li, ; Xia Zhang,
| | - Xia Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Li, ; Xia Zhang,
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4
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Magari M, Nishioka M, Hari T, Ogawa S, Takahashi K, Hatano N, Kanayama N, Futami J, Tokumitsu H. The immunoreceptor SLAMF8 promotes the differentiation of follicular dendritic cell-dependent monocytic cells with B cell-activating ability. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:2659-2667. [PMID: 35953458 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) play a crucial role in generating high-affinity antibody-producing B cells during the germinal center (GC) reaction. Herein, we analyzed the altered gene expression profile of a mouse FDC line, FL-Y, following lymphotoxin β receptor stimulation, and observed increased Slam-family member 8 (Slamf8) mRNA expression. Forced Slamf8 expression and SLAMF8-Fc addition enhanced the ability of FL-Y cells to induce FDC-induced monocytic cell (FDMC) differentiation. FDMCs accelerated GC-phenotype proliferation in cultured B cells, suggesting that they are capable of promoting GC responses. Furthermore, a pulldown assay showed that SLAMF8-Fc could bind to SLAMF8-His. Overall, the homophilic interaction of SLAMF8 promotes FDMC differentiation and SLAMF8 might act as a novel regulator of GC responses by regulating FDMC differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Magari
- Applied Cell Biology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.,Division of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Miku Nishioka
- Applied Cell Biology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Tomomi Hari
- Applied Cell Biology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Sayaka Ogawa
- Division of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Kaho Takahashi
- Applied Cell Biology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Naoya Hatano
- Applied Cell Biology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Naoki Kanayama
- Applied Cell Biology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.,Division of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Junichiro Futami
- Medical Protein Engineering, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tokumitsu
- Applied Cell Biology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.,Division of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
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5
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Jiang Y, Lin W, Zhu L. Targeted Drug Delivery for the Treatment of Blood Cancers. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27041310. [PMID: 35209102 PMCID: PMC8880555 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Blood cancers are a type of liquid tumor which means cancer is present in the body fluid. Multiple myeloma, leukemia, and lymphoma are the three common types of blood cancers. Chemotherapy is the major therapy of blood cancers by systemic administration of anticancer agents into the blood. However, a high incidence of relapse often happens, due to the low efficiency of the anticancer agents that accumulate in the tumor site, and therefore lead to a low survival rate of patients. This indicates an urgent need for a targeted drug delivery system to improve the safety and efficacy of therapeutics for blood cancers. In this review, we describe the current targeting strategies for blood cancers and recently investigated and approved drug delivery system formulations for blood cancers. In addition, we also discuss current challenges in the application of drug delivery systems for treating blood cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Jiang
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK;
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Weifeng Lin
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Sciences, Rehovot 761001, Israel;
| | - Linyi Zhu
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
- Correspondence:
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6
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Műzes G, Bohusné Barta B, Sipos F. Colitis and Colorectal Carcinogenesis: The Focus on Isolated Lymphoid Follicles. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020226. [PMID: 35203436 PMCID: PMC8869724 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut-associated lymphoid tissue is one of the most diverse and complex immune compartments in the human body. The subepithelial compartment of the gut consists of immune cells of innate and adaptive immunity, non-hematopoietic mesenchymal cells, and stem cells of different origins, and is organized into secondary (and even tertiary) lymphoid organs, such as Peyer's patches, cryptopatches, and isolated lymphoid follicles. The function of isolated lymphoid follicles is multifaceted; they play a role in the development and regeneration of the large intestine and the maintenance of (immune) homeostasis. Isolated lymphoid follicles are also extensively associated with the epithelium and its conventional and non-conventional immune cells; hence, they can also function as a starting point or maintainer of pathological processes such as inflammatory bowel diseases or colorectal carcinogenesis. These relationships can significantly affect both physiological and pathological processes of the intestines. We aim to provide an overview of the latest knowledge of isolated lymphoid follicles in colonic inflammation and colorectal carcinogenesis. Further studies of these lymphoid organs will likely lead to an extended understanding of how immune responses are initiated and controlled within the large intestine, along with the possibility of creating novel mucosal vaccinations and ways to treat inflammatory bowel disease or colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ferenc Sipos
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-20-478-0752; Fax: +36-1-266-0816
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7
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Poirot J, Medvedovic J, Trichot C, Soumelis V. Compartmentalized multicellular crosstalk in lymph nodes coordinates the generation of potent cellular and humoral immune responses. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:3146-3160. [PMID: 34606627 PMCID: PMC9298410 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Distributed throughout the body, lymph nodes (LNs) constitute an important crossroad where resident and migratory immune cells interact to initiate antigen‐specific immune responses supported by a dynamic 3‐dimensional network of stromal cells, that is, endothelial cells and fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs). LNs are organized into four major subanatomically separated compartments: the subcapsular sinus (SSC), the paracortex, the cortex, and the medulla. Each compartment is underpinned by particular FRC subsets that physically support LN architecture and delineate functional immune niches by appropriately providing environmental cues, nutrients, and survival factors to the immune cell subsets they interact with. In this review, we discuss how FRCs drive the structural and functional organization of each compartment to give rise to prosperous interactions and coordinate immune cell activities. We also discuss how reciprocal communication makes FRCs and immune cells perfect compatible partners for the generation of potent cellular and humoral immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Poirot
- Université de Paris, INSERM U976, Paris, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, Saint Aubin, France
| | | | | | - Vassili Soumelis
- Université de Paris, INSERM U976, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Laboratoire d'Immunologie-Histocompatibilité, Paris, France
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8
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Nellore A, Killian JT, Porrett PM. Memory B Cells in Pregnancy Sensitization. Front Immunol 2021; 12:688987. [PMID: 34276679 PMCID: PMC8278195 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.688987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory B cells play an important role in immunity to pathogens as these cells are poised to rapidly differentiate into antibody-secreting cells upon antigen re-encounter. Memory B cells also develop over the course of HLA-sensitization during pregnancy and transplantation. In this review, we discuss the potential contribution of memory B cells to pregnancy sensitization as well as the impact of these cells on transplant candidacy and outcomes. We start by summarizing how B cell subsets are altered in pregnancy and discuss what is known about HLA-specific B cell responses given our current understanding of fetal antigen availability in maternal secondary lymphoid tissues. We then review the molecular mechanisms governing the generation and maintenance of memory B cells during infection - including the role of T follicular helper cells - and discuss the experimental evidence for the development of these cells during pregnancy. Finally, we discuss how memory B cells impact access to transplantation and transplant outcomes for a range of transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoma Nellore
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - John T. Killian
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Paige M. Porrett
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, United States
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9
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Rana M, La Bella A, Lederman R, Volpe BT, Sherry B, Diamond B. Follicular dendritic cell dysfunction contributes to impaired antigen-specific humoral responses in sepsis-surviving mice. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:146776. [PMID: 33956665 DOI: 10.1172/jci146776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis survivors exhibit impaired responsiveness to antigen (Ag) challenge associated with increased mortality from infection. The contribution of follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) in the impaired humoral response in sepsis-surviving mice is investigated in this study. We demonstrated that mice subjected to sepsis from cecal ligation and puncture (CLP mice) have reduced NP-specific high-affinity class-switched Ig antibodies (Abs) compared with sham-operated control mice following immunization with the T cell-dependent Ag, NP-CGG. NP-specific germinal center (GC) B cells in CLP mice exhibited reduced TNF-α and AID mRNA expression compared with sham-operated mice. CLP mice showed a reduction in FDC clusters, a reduced binding of immune complexes on FDCs, and reduced mRNA expression of CR2, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, FcγRIIB, TNFR1, IKK2, and LTβR compared with sham-operated mice. Adoptive transfer studies showed that there was no B cell-intrinsic defect. In summary, our data suggest that the reduced Ag-specific Ab response in CLP mice is secondary to a disruption in FDC and GC B cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minakshi Rana
- Center for Autoimmune, Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases
| | - Andrea La Bella
- Center for Autoimmune, Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases
| | - Rivka Lederman
- Center for Autoimmune, Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases
| | | | - Barbara Sherry
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, New York, New York, USA
| | - Betty Diamond
- Center for Autoimmune, Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases
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10
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Role of Microenvironment in Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: Understanding the Composition and Biology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 26:206-216. [PMID: 32496454 DOI: 10.1097/ppo.0000000000000446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Lymphoma microenvironment is a dynamic and well-orchestrated network of various immune and stromal cells that is indispensable for tumor cell survival, growth, migration, immune escape, and drug resistance. Recent progress has enhanced our knowledge of the pivotal role of microenvironment in lymphomagenesis. Understanding the characteristics, functions, and contributions of various components of the tumor niche, along with its bidirectional interactions with tumor cells, is paramount. It offers the potential to identify new therapeutic targets with the ability to restore antitumor immune surveillance and eliminate the protumoral factors contributed by the tumor niche.
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11
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Follicular Lymphoma Microenvironment: An Intricate Network Ready for Therapeutic Intervention. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040641. [PMID: 33562694 PMCID: PMC7915642 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Follicular Lymphoma (FL), the most common indolent non-Hodgkin's B cell lymphoma, is a paradigm of the immune microenvironment's contribution to disease onset, progression, and heterogeneity. Over the last few years, state-of-the-art technologies, including whole-exome sequencing, single-cell RNA sequencing, and mass cytometry, have precisely dissected the specific cellular phenotypes present in the FL microenvironment network and their role in the disease. In this already complex picture, the presence of recurring mutations, including KMT2D, CREBBP, EZH2, and TNFRSF14, have a prominent contributory role, with some of them finely tuning this exquisite dependence of FL on its microenvironment. This precise characterization of the enemy (FL) and its allies (microenvironment) has paved the way for the development of novel therapies aimed at dismantling this contact network, weakening tumor cell support, and reactivating the host's immune response against the tumor. In this review, we will describe the main microenvironment actors, together with the current and future therapeutic approaches targeting them.
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12
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Helicobacter pylori Antigen But Not the Organism Is Occasionally Present Within Germinal Centers: Implications for Patient Management and Biology. Am J Surg Pathol 2020; 44:1528-1534. [PMID: 32657781 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000001542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection is present in two thirds of the world's population and induces a myriad of human diseases, ranging from gastritis to gastric adenocarcinoma and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. Detection is critical for treatment and may require immunohistochemical (IHC) staining when organisms are not visible on hematoxylin and eosin. We have encountered cases in which IHC for Helicobacter pylori failed to demonstrate curvilinear or coccoid organisms, but did show a reticular pattern of immunoreactivity involving the underlying germinal centers. We performed a systematic retrospective evaluation of the frequency of H. pylori germinal center immunoreactivity over a 54-month period through evaluation of 367 gastric specimens. H. pylori germinal center immunoreactivity was observed in 5% of cases with germinal centers. Nine of 11 (81%) patients with H. pylori germinal center immunoreactivity had concurrent or recent H. pylori infection, in comparison to 36% of patients with germinal centers present but no immunoreactivity (n=9 of 25 patients, P=0.03). None of the patients with germinal center immunoreactivity developed mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. In situ hybridization for H. pylori performed on 3 cases with positive germinal center IHC was negative for H. pylori nucleic acids within those germinal centers, demonstrating that only the antigen is present. This work demonstrates that H. pylori antigen, but not viable organisms, is present in germinal centers in 5% of gastric specimens, and is associated with recent or concurrent H. pylori infection. We advocate for reporting of all H. pylori germinal center immunoreactivity with a recommendation for ancillary H. pylori testing.
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13
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Amitai A, Sangesland M, Barnes RM, Rohrer D, Lonberg N, Lingwood D, Chakraborty AK. Defining and Manipulating B Cell Immunodominance Hierarchies to Elicit Broadly Neutralizing Antibody Responses against Influenza Virus. Cell Syst 2020; 11:573-588.e9. [PMID: 33031741 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2020.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The antibody repertoire possesses near-limitless diversity, enabling the adaptive immune system to accommodate essentially any antigen. However, this diversity explores the antigenic space unequally, allowing some pathogens like influenza virus to impose complex immunodominance hierarchies that distract antibody responses away from key sites of virus vulnerability. We developed a computational model of affinity maturation to map the patterns of immunodominance that evolve upon immunization with natural and engineered displays of hemagglutinin (HA), the influenza vaccine antigen. Based on this knowledge, we designed immunization protocols that subvert immune distraction and focus serum antibody responses upon a functionally conserved, but immunologically recessive, target of human broadly neutralizing antibodies. We tested in silico predictions by vaccinating transgenic mice in which antibody diversity was humanized to mirror clinically relevant humoral output. Collectively, our results demonstrate that complex patterns in antibody immunogenicity can be rationally defined and then manipulated to elicit engineered immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assaf Amitai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Maya Sangesland
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ralston M Barnes
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, 700 Bay Rd, Redwood City, CA 94063-2478, USA
| | - Daniel Rohrer
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, 700 Bay Rd, Redwood City, CA 94063-2478, USA
| | - Nils Lonberg
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, 700 Bay Rd, Redwood City, CA 94063-2478, USA
| | - Daniel Lingwood
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Arup K Chakraborty
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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14
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Contributions of Major Cell Populations to Sjögren's Syndrome. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9093057. [PMID: 32971904 PMCID: PMC7564211 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9093057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is a female dominated autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltration into salivary and lacrimal glands and subsequent exocrine glandular dysfunction. SS also may exhibit a broad array of extraglandular manifestations including an elevated incidence of non-Hodgkin’s B cell lymphoma. The etiology of SS remains poorly understood, yet progress has been made in identifying progressive stages of disease using preclinical mouse models. The roles played by immune cell subtypes within these stages of disease are becoming increasingly well understood, though significant gaps in knowledge still remain. There is evidence for distinct involvement from both innate and adaptive immune cells, where cells of the innate immune system establish a proinflammatory environment characterized by a type I interferon (IFN) signature that facilitates propagation of the disease by further activating T and B cell subsets to generate autoantibodies and participate in glandular destruction. This review will discuss the evidence for participation in disease pathogenesis by various classes of immune cells and glandular epithelial cells based upon data from both preclinical mouse models and human patients. Further examination of the contributions of glandular and immune cell subtypes to SS will be necessary to identify additional therapeutic targets that may lead to better management of the disease.
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15
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Heindl SE, Tsouklidis N. Appendectomy as a Potential Predisposing Factor for the Development of Recurrent and Fulminant Clostridium Difficile. Cureus 2020; 12:e10091. [PMID: 32874818 PMCID: PMC7455376 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.10091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
This literature review assesses how the vermiform appendix has been considered a vestigial organ by many, but over the years, new research has allowed us to reconsider its potential purpose. Studies have indicated that the appendix plays an evident role in immune response and harbors a biofilm that may remain unaffected by gastrointestinal infections, such as infection with Clostridium difficile. Our research analyzes the prominent gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) as a mechanism of defence in infection, as well as the robust biofilm that could aid in the reinoculation of beneficial bacteria within the colon. Furthermore, we wanted to determine if patients who have undergone a prior appendectomy, leading to decreased GALT and a lack of a bacterial reservoir, were predisposed to the development of Clostridium difficile, with particular emphasis in the recurrence and development of fulminant Clostridium difficile infections. Although research continues to be conflicting, there appears to be some connection between these variables, but prospective studies are needed in order to say for certain that there is a link.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey E Heindl
- Medicine, Avalon University School of Medicine, Willemstad, CUW.,Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Nicholas Tsouklidis
- Health Care Administration, University of Cincinnati Health, Cincinnati, USA.,Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA.,Medicine, Atlantic University School of Medicine, Gros Islet, LCA
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16
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Schussek S, Bernasconi V, Mattsson J, Wenzel UA, Strömberg A, Gribonika I, Schön K, Lycke NY. The CTA1-DD adjuvant strongly potentiates follicular dendritic cell function and germinal center formation, which results in improved neonatal immunization. Mucosal Immunol 2020; 13:545-557. [PMID: 31959882 PMCID: PMC7223721 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-020-0253-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination of neonates and young infants is hampered by the relative immaturity of their immune systems and the lack of safe and efficacious vaccine adjuvants. Immaturity of the follicular dendritic cells (FDCs), in particular, appears to play a critical role for the inability to stimulate immune responses. Using the CD21mT/mG mouse model we found that at 7 days of life, FDCs exhibited a mature phenotype only in the Peyer´s patches (PP), but our unique adjuvant, CTA1-DD, effectively matured FDCs also in peripheral lymph nodes following systemic, as well as mucosal immunizations. This was a direct effect of complement receptor 2-binding to the FDC and a CTA1-enzyme-dependent enhancing effect on gene transcription, among which CR2, IL-6, ICAM-1, IL-1β, and CXCL13 encoding genes were upregulated. This way we achieved FDC maturation, increased germinal center B-cell- and Tfh responses, and enhanced specific antibody levels close to adult magnitudes. Oral priming immunization of neonates against influenza infection with CTA1-3M2e-DD effectively promoted anti-M2e-immunity and significantly reduced morbidity against a live virus challenge infection. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate direct effects of an adjuvant on FDC gene transcriptional functions and the subsequent enhancement of neonatal immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Schussek
- Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccine Center (MIVAC), Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Valentina Bernasconi
- Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccine Center (MIVAC), Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Mattsson
- Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccine Center (MIVAC), Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulf Alexander Wenzel
- Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccine Center (MIVAC), Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anneli Strömberg
- Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccine Center (MIVAC), Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Inta Gribonika
- Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccine Center (MIVAC), Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Schön
- Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccine Center (MIVAC), Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nils Y Lycke
- Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccine Center (MIVAC), Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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17
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George R, Ma A, Motyka B, Shi YE, Liu Q, Griebel P. A dendritic cell-targeted chimeric hepatitis B virus immunotherapeutic vaccine induces both cellular and humoral immune responses in vivo. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2019; 16:779-792. [PMID: 31687875 PMCID: PMC7227651 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2019.1689081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimigen® HBV Immunotherapeutic Vaccine (C-HBV), a recombinant chimeric fusion protein comprising hepatitis B virus (HBV) S1 and S2 surface antigen fragments, Core antigen and a murine monoclonal antibody heavy chain fragment (Fc), was designed and produced in Sf9 insect cells. C-HBV targets the host immune system through specific receptors present on dendritic cells (DCs) which facilitates antigen internalization, processing, and presentation on MHC class I and II to induce both cellular and humoral immune responses against HBV antigens. T cell responses, previously assessed by ex vivo antigen presentation assays using human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-derived DCs and T cells from uninfected and HBV chronic-infected donors, demonstrated that C-HBV was highly immunogenic. A vaccine dose response study was performed in sheep to analyze the immunogenicity of C-HBV in vivo. Sheep (n = 8/group) received three consecutive subcutaneous injections of each dose of C-HBV at four-week intervals. Analysis of serum antibody levels confirmed C-HBV induced a dose-dependent antibody response to C-HBV and S1/S2-Core. Kinetics of the S1/S2-Core specific antibody response was similar to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-specific antibody responses induced by ENGERIX-B. Analysis of cell-mediated immune responses (CMI) confirmed C-HBV induced both dose-dependent S1/S2-Core-specific lymphocyte proliferative responses and IFN-γ secretion. These responses were stronger with blood lymphocytes than with cells isolated from the lymph node draining the vaccination site. No correlation was seen between antibody titers and CMI. The results confirm C-HBV is an effective delivery vehicle for the induction of T cell responses and may be an appropriate candidate for immunotherapy for chronic HBV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Allan Ma
- Akshaya Bio Inc., Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bruce Motyka
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Yuenian Eric Shi
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Philip Griebel
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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18
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Kurshumliu F, Sadiku-Zehri F, Qerimi A, Vela Z, Jashari F, Bytyci S, Rashiti V, Sadiku S. Divergent immunohistochemical expression of CD21 and CD23 by follicular dendritic cells with increasing grade of follicular lymphoma. World J Surg Oncol 2019; 17:115. [PMID: 31269981 PMCID: PMC6610797 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-019-1659-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical differences have been described in FDCs of primary and secondary follicles, illustrating the highly compartmentalized structure of lymph follicles. Differences in FDC immunophenotype in different grades of FL may reflect some parallelism between reactive and neoplastic conditions in terms of FDC-B cell interaction and may be used as a valuable additional tool for grading FL. METHODS A total of 60 paraffin blocks from patients with follicular lymphoma, 30 cases each of grade 1 and 3, were retrieved from our archive. Immunohistochemical analysis was carried out for CD21, CD23, cyclin A, and Ki-67. RESULTS Our study demonstrates that during evaluation, six patterns of FDC distribution were distinguished. The intensity of stain for CD21 was not statistically significant in grade 1 and grade 3 FL (p = 0.340). In contrast, grade 3 FLs exhibited a significant decrease of CD23 expression by the FDCs (p < 0.001). By CD21 stain, there was no significant difference in the distribution of pattern 1 in grades 1 and 3 (p = 0.098). In contrast, in grade 3, this pattern was significantly less observed by CD23 stain (p = 0.016). The same was observed for pattern 2 for CD21 (p = 0.940) and CD23 (p = 0.010) and pattern 4 for CD21 (p = 0.305) and CD23 (p = 0.005), respectively. Distribution of pattern 5 was significantly different between grades 1 and 3 both for CD21 (p = 0.005) and CD23 (p < 0.001). Distribution of patterns 2 and 6 was not significantly different between grades 1 and 3 for CD21 and CD23. The values of cyclin A and Mib-1 were also significantly different between grades 1 and 3 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The observed patterns of FDCs lead us to believe that similar to reactive lymph node follicles, neoplastic follicles in FL, at least in early stages, have an organized structure. Hypothetically, with CD21, CD23, and cyclin A immunohistochemistry, the sequence of events in FL progression may be traced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fisnik Kurshumliu
- Institute of Anatomic Pathology, University Clinical Center/Faculty of Medicine, University of Pristina, Pristina, Kosovo
| | - Fatlinda Sadiku-Zehri
- Institute of Anatomic Pathology, University Clinical Center/Faculty of Medicine, University of Pristina, Pristina, Kosovo
| | - Ardita Qerimi
- Institute of Histology, University Clinical Center/Faculty of Medicine, University of Pristina, Pristina, Kosovo
| | - Zana Vela
- Institute of Histology, University Clinical Center/Faculty of Medicine, University of Pristina, Pristina, Kosovo
| | - Fisnik Jashari
- Institute of Histology, University Clinical Center/Faculty of Medicine, University of Pristina, Pristina, Kosovo
| | - Samir Bytyci
- Institute of Histology, University Clinical Center/Faculty of Medicine, University of Pristina, Pristina, Kosovo
| | - Vlore Rashiti
- Institute of Anatomic Pathology, University Clinical Center of Pristina, Pristina, Kosovo
| | - Shemsedin Sadiku
- Hematology Clinic, University Clinical Center/Faculty of Medicine, University of Pristina, Rr.Bulevardi i Dëshmorëve, 10000, Pristina, PN, Kosovo.
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19
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Older Human B Cells and Antibodies. HANDBOOK OF IMMUNOSENESCENCE 2019. [PMCID: PMC7121151 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-99375-1_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
B cells have a number of different roles in the immune response. Their excellent antigen presentation potential can contribute to the activation of other cells of the immune system, and evidence is emerging that specialized subsets of these cells, that may be increased with age, can influence the cell-mediated immune system in antitumor responses. They can also regulate immune responses, to avoid autoreactivity and excessive inflammation. Deficiencies in regulatory B cells may be beneficial in cancer but will only exacerbate the inflammatory environment that is a hallmark of aging. The B cell role as antibody producers is particularly important, since antibodies perform numerous different functions in different environments. Although studying tissue responses in humans is not as easy as in mice, we do know that certain classes of antibodies are more suited to protecting the mucosal tissues (IgA) or responding to T-independent bacterial polysaccharide antigens (IgG2) so we can make some inference with respect to tissue-specific immunity from a study of peripheral blood. We can also make inferences about changes in B cell development with age by looking at the repertoire of different B cell populations to see how age affects the selection events that would normally occur to avoid autoreactivity, or increase specificity, to antigen.
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20
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Ogawa S, Matsuoka Y, Takada M, Matsui K, Yamane F, Kubota E, Yasuhara S, Hieda K, Kanayama N, Hatano N, Tokumitsu H, Magari M. Interleukin 34 (IL-34) cell-surface localization regulated by the molecular chaperone 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein facilitates the differentiation of monocytic cells. J Biol Chem 2018; 294:2386-2396. [PMID: 30573681 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 34 (IL-34) constitutes a cytokine that shares a common receptor, colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R), with CSF-1. We recently identified a novel type of monocytic cell termed follicular dendritic cell-induced monocytic cells (FDMCs), whose differentiation depended on CSF-1R signaling through the IL-34 produced from a follicular dendritic cell line, FL-Y. Here, we report the functional mechanisms of the IL-34-mediated CSF-1R signaling underlying FDMC differentiation. CRIPSR/Cas9-mediated knockout of the Il34 gene confirmed that the ability of FL-Y cells to induce FDMCs completely depends on the IL-34 expressed by FL-Y cells. Transwell culture experiments revealed that FDMC differentiation requires a signal from a membrane-anchored form of IL-34 on the FL-Y cell surface, but not from a secreted form, in a direct interaction between FDMC precursor cells and FL-Y cells. Furthermore, flow cytometric analysis using an anti-IL-34 antibody indicated that IL-34 was also expressed on the FL-Y cell surface. Thus, we explored proteins interacting with IL-34 in FL-Y cells. Mass spectrometry analysis and pulldown assay identified that IL-34 was associated with the molecular chaperone 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) in the plasma membrane fraction of FL-Y cells. Consistent with this finding, GRP78-heterozygous FL-Y cells expressed a lower level of IL-34 protein on their cell surface and exhibited a reduced competency to induce FDMC differentiation compared with the original FL-Y cells. These results indicated a novel GRP78-dependent localization and specific function of IL-34 in FL-Y cells related to monocytic cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Ogawa
- From the Division of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology
| | - Yukiko Matsuoka
- From the Division of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology
| | - Miho Takada
- From the Division of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology
| | - Kazue Matsui
- From the Division of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology
| | - Fumihiro Yamane
- From the Division of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology
| | - Eri Kubota
- the Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, and
| | - Shiori Yasuhara
- From the Division of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology
| | - Kentaro Hieda
- From the Division of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology
| | - Naoki Kanayama
- From the Division of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology.,the Laboratory of Applied Cell Biology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Tsushima-Naka 3-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Naoya Hatano
- the Laboratory of Applied Cell Biology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Tsushima-Naka 3-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tokumitsu
- From the Division of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology.,the Laboratory of Applied Cell Biology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Tsushima-Naka 3-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Masaki Magari
- From the Division of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, .,the Laboratory of Applied Cell Biology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Tsushima-Naka 3-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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21
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Frasca L, Palazzo R, Chimenti MS, Alivernini S, Tolusso B, Bui L, Botti E, Giunta A, Bianchi L, Petricca L, Auteri SE, Spadaro F, Fonti GL, Falchi M, Evangelista A, Marinari B, Pietraforte I, Spinelli FR, Colasanti T, Alessandri C, Conti F, Gremese E, Costanzo A, Valesini G, Perricone R, Lande R. Anti-LL37 Antibodies Are Present in Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA) Patients: New Biomarkers in PsA. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1936. [PMID: 30279686 PMCID: PMC6154218 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic inflammatory arthritis associated with psoriasis. A third of psoriatic patients develop PsA via unknown mechanisms. No reliable diagnostic markers are available for PsA, or prognostic biomarkers for PsA development in psoriasis. We previously uncovered a pro-inflammatory role for cathelicidin LL37 in lesional psoriasis skin. LL37 binds nucleic acids and stimulates plasmacytoid/myeloid dendritic cells (pDC, mDCs) to secrete type I interferon (IFN-I) and pro-inflammatory factors. LL37 becomes an autoantigen for psoriatic Th1-Th17/CD8 T cells. Anti-LL37 antibodies were detected in systemic lupus erythematosus, an autoimmune disease characterized by neutrophil-extracellular-traps release (NETosis) in target organs. LL37 can be substrate of irreversible post-translational modifications, citrullination or carbamylation, linked to neutrophil activity. Here we analyzed inflammatory factors, included LL37, in PsA and psoriasis plasma and PsA synovial fluids (SF)/biopsies. We show that LL37 (as a product of infiltrating neutrophils) and autoantibodies to LL37 are elevated in PsA, but not OA SF. Anti-LL37 antibodies correlate with clinical inflammatory markers. Anti-carbamylated/citrullinated-LL37 antibodies are present in PsA SF/plasma and, at lower extent, in psoriasis plasma, but not in controls. Plasma anti-carbamylated-LL37 antibodies correlate with PsA (DAS44) but not psoriasis (PASI) disease activity. Ectopic lymphoid structures, and deposition of immunoglobulin-(Ig)G-complexes (IC) co-localizing with infiltrating neutrophils, are observed in PsA and not OA synovial tissues (ST). Activated complement (C5a, C9), GM-CSF and IFN-I are up-regulated in PsA and not OA synovia and in PsA and psoriasis plasma but not in HD. C9 and GM-CSF levels in PsA SF correlate with clinical inflammatory markers and DAS44 (C9) and with anti-carbamylated/citrullinated-LL37 antibodies (GM-CSF and IFN-I). Thus, we uncover a role for LL37 as a novel PsA autoantibody target and correlation studies suggest participation of anti-LL37 antibodies to PsA pathogenesis. Notably, plasma antibodies to carbamylated-LL37, which correlate with DAS44, suggest their use as new disease activity markers. GM-CSF and complement C5a and C9 elevation may be responsible for autoantigens release by neutrophils and their modification, fueling inflammation and autoreactivity establishment. Finally, targeting GM-CSF, C5a, C9 can be beneficial in PsA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Frasca
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaella Palazzo
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria S Chimenti
- Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Alivernini
- Division of Rheumatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Division of Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Tolusso
- Division of Rheumatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Bui
- Institute of Pathology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Botti
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Giunta
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Bianchi
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Petricca
- Division of Rheumatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone E Auteri
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Spadaro
- Confocal Microscopy Unit, Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia L Fonti
- Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Falchi
- National AIDS Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Evangelista
- Institute of Pathology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Marinari
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Immacolata Pietraforte
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca R Spinelli
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Tania Colasanti
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristiano Alessandri
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Conti
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Gremese
- Division of Rheumatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Division of Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Costanzo
- Skin Pathology Lab, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Guido Valesini
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Perricone
- Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Lande
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Rome, Italy
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22
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Deshantri AK, Varela Moreira A, Ecker V, Mandhane SN, Schiffelers RM, Buchner M, Fens MHAM. Nanomedicines for the treatment of hematological malignancies. J Control Release 2018; 287:194-215. [PMID: 30165140 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hematological malignancies (HM) are a collection of malignant transformations originating from cells in the primary or secondary lymphoid organs. Leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma comprise the three major types of HM. Current treatment consists of bone marrow transplantation, radiotherapy, immunotherapy and chemotherapy. Although, many chemotherapeutic drugs are clinically available for the treatment of HM, the use of these agents is limited due to dose-related toxicity and lack of specificity to tumor tissue. Moreover, the poor pharmacokinetic profile of most of the chemotherapeutics requires high dosage and frequent administration to maintain therapeutic levels at the target site, both increasing adverse effects. This underlines an urgent need for a suitable drug delivery system to improve efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetic properties of conventional therapeutics. Nanomedicines have proven to enhance these properties for anticancer therapeutics. The most extensively studied nanomedicine systems are lipid-based nanoparticles and polymeric nanoparticles. Typically, nanomedicines are small sub-micron sized particles in the size range of 20-200 nm. The biocompatible and biodegradable nature of nanomedicines makes them attractive vehicles to improve drug delivery. Their small size allows them to extravasate and accumulate at malignant sites passively by means of the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, resulting from rapid angiogenesis and inflammation. Moreover, the specificity to the target tissue can be further enhanced by surface modification of nanoparticles. This review describes currently available therapies as well as limitations and potential advantages of nanomedicine formulations for treatment of various types of HM. Additionally, recent investigational and approved nanomedicine formulations and their limited applications in HM are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil K Deshantri
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Biological Research Pharmacology Department, Sun Pharma Advanced Research Company Ltd, India
| | - Aida Varela Moreira
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Veronika Ecker
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sanjay N Mandhane
- Biological Research Pharmacology Department, Sun Pharma Advanced Research Company Ltd, India
| | - Raymond M Schiffelers
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maike Buchner
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marcel H A M Fens
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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23
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ICAM1 expression is induced by proinflammatory cytokines and associated with TLS formation in aggressive breast cancer subtypes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11720. [PMID: 30082828 PMCID: PMC6079003 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29604-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intratumoral formation of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) within the tumor microenvironment is considered to be a consequence of antigen challenge during anti-tumor responses. Intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1) has been implicated in a variety of immune and inflammatory responses, in addition to associate with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). In this study, we detected TLS in the aggressive tumor phenotypes TNBC, HER2+ and luminal B, whereas the TLS negative group contained solely tumors of the luminal A subtype. We show that ICAM1 is exclusively expressed in TNBC and HER2 enriched subtypes known to be associated with inflammation and the formation of TLS. Furthermore, cell from normal mammary epithelium and breast cancer cell lines expressed ICAM1 upon stimulation with the proinflammatory cytokines TNFα, IL1β and IFNγ. ICAM1 overexpression was induced in MCF7, MDA-MB-468 and SK-BR-3 cells regardless of hormone receptor status. Taken together, our findings show that ICAM1 is expressed in aggressive subtypes of breast cancer and its expression is inducible by well-known proinflammatory cytokines. ICAM1 may be an attractive molecular target for TNBC, but further investigations elucidating the role of ICAM1 in targeted therapies have to take into consideration selective subtypes of breast cancer.
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24
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Amitai A, Chakraborty AK, Kardar M. The low spike density of HIV may have evolved because of the effects of T helper cell depletion on affinity maturation. PLoS Comput Biol 2018; 14:e1006408. [PMID: 30161121 PMCID: PMC6150518 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The spikes on virus surfaces bind receptors on host cells to propagate infection. High spike densities (SDs) can promote infection, but spikes are also targets of antibody-mediated immune responses. Thus, diverse evolutionary pressures can influence virus SDs. HIV's SD is about two orders of magnitude lower than that of other viruses, a surprising feature of unknown origin. By modeling antibody evolution through affinity maturation, we find that an intermediate SD maximizes the affinity of generated antibodies. We argue that this leads most viruses to evolve high SDs. T helper cells, which are depleted during early HIV infection, play a key role in antibody evolution. We find that T helper cell depletion results in high affinity antibodies when SD is high, but not if SD is low. This special feature of HIV infection may have led to the evolution of a low SD to avoid potent immune responses early in infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assaf Amitai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Arup K. Chakraborty
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mehran Kardar
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
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25
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Gu H, Kirchhein Y, Zhu T, Zhao G, Peng H, Du E, Liu J, Mastrianni JA, Farlow MR, Dodel R, Du Y. IVIG Delays Onset in a Mouse Model of Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:2353-2361. [PMID: 30027340 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1228-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies showed that intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) contained anti-Aβ autoantibodies that might be able to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recently, we identified and characterized naturally occurring autoantibodies against PrP from IVIG. Although autoantibodies in IVIG blocked PrP fibril formation and PrP neurotoxicity in vitro, it remained unknown whether IVIG could reduce amyloid plaque pathology in vivo and be used to effectively treat animals with prion diseases. In this study, we used Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker (GSS)-Tg (PrP-A116V) transgenic mice to test IVIG efficacy since amyloid plaque formation played an important role in GSS pathogenesis. Here, we provided strong evidence that demonstrates how IVIG could significantly delay disease onset, elongate survival, and improve clinical phenotype in Tg (PrP-A116V) mice. Additionally, in treated animals, IVIG could markedly inhibit PrP amyloid plaque formation and attenuate neuronal apoptosis at the age of 120 days in mice. Our results indicate that IVIG may be a potential, effective therapeutic treatment for GSS and other prion diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Gu
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Yvonne Kirchhein
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Department of Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Timothy Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjun Peng
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Eileen Du
- Department of Psychology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - Junyi Liu
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | | | - Martin R Farlow
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Richard Dodel
- Department of Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Yansheng Du
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA. .,Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
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26
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Moysi E, Pallikkuth S, De Armas LR, Gonzalez LE, Ambrozak D, George V, Huddleston D, Pahwa R, Koup RA, Petrovas C, Pahwa S. Altered immune cell follicular dynamics in HIV infection following influenza vaccination. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:3171-3185. [PMID: 29911996 DOI: 10.1172/jci99884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV infection changes the lymph node (LN) tissue architecture, potentially impairing the immunologic response to antigenic challenge. The tissue-resident immune cell dynamics in virologically suppressed HIV+ patients on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) are not clear. We obtained LN biopsies before and 10 to 14 days after trivalent seasonal influenza immunization from healthy controls (HCs) and HIV+ volunteers on cART to investigate CD4+ T follicular helper (Tfh) and B cell dynamics by flow cytometry and quantitative imaging analysis. Prior to vaccination, compared with those in HCs, HIV+ LNs exhibited an altered follicular architecture, but harbored higher numbers of Tfh cells and increased IgG+ follicular memory B cells. Moreover, Tfh cell numbers were dependent upon preservation of the follicular dendritic cell (FDC) network and were predictive of the magnitude of the vaccine-induced IgG responses. Interestingly, postvaccination LN samples in HIV+ participants had significantly (P = 0.0179) reduced Tfh cell numbers compared with prevaccination samples, without evidence for peripheral Tfh (pTfh) cell reduction. We conclude that influenza vaccination alters the cellularity of draining LNs of HIV+ persons in conjunction with development of antigen-specific humoral responses. The underlying mechanism of Tfh cell decline warrants further investigation, as it could bear implications for the rational design of HIV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Moysi
- Tissue Analysis Core, Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center (VRC), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Suresh Pallikkuth
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Lesley R De Armas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Louis E Gonzalez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - David Ambrozak
- Immunology Laboratory, VRC, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Varghese George
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - David Huddleston
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Rajendra Pahwa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Richard A Koup
- Immunology Laboratory, VRC, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Constantinos Petrovas
- Tissue Analysis Core, Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center (VRC), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Savita Pahwa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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27
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Guan J, Huang D, Yakimchuk K, Okret S. p110α Inhibition Overcomes Stromal Cell-Mediated Ibrutinib Resistance in Mantle Cell Lymphoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 17:1090-1100. [PMID: 29483220 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Acquired resistance to cancer drugs is common, also for modern targeted drugs like the Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor ibrutinib, a new drug approved for the treatment of the highly aggressive and relapsing mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). The tumor microenvironment often impacts negatively on drug response. Here, we demonstrate that stromal cells protect MCL cells from ibrutinib-induced apoptosis and support MCL cell regrowth after drug removal by impairing ibrutinib-mediated downregulation of PI3K/AKT signaling. Importantly, the stromal cell-mediated ibrutinib resistance was overcome in vitro by inhibiting AKT activity using the PI3K catalytic p110α subunit-specific inhibitor BYL719. This was seen both for MCL cell lines and primary MCL cells. Furthermore, inhibition of p110α activity by BYL719 potentiated the ability of ibrutinib to inhibit MCL tumor growth in vivo in a mouse xenograft model. The stromal cell-mediated ibrutinib resistance was found to be due to a direct interaction with MCL cells and involves the integrin VLA-4, as disrupting stromal cell-MCL cell interaction using a VLA-4 blocking antibody abrogated the ibrutinib resistance. This suggests that combined treatment with ibrutinib and a p110α inhibitor, alternatively by disrupting stromal cell-MCL cell interaction, may be a promising therapeutic strategy to overcome stromal cell-mediated ibrutinib resistance in MCL. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(5); 1090-100. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyu Guan
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Neo, Huddinge, Sweden.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China, E-mail:
| | - Dan Huang
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Neo, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Konstantin Yakimchuk
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Neo, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Sam Okret
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Neo, Huddinge, Sweden.
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28
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Shah B, Zhao X, Silva AS, Shain KH, Tao J. Resistance to Ibrutinib in B Cell Malignancies: One Size Does Not Fit All. Trends Cancer 2018; 4:197-206. [PMID: 29506670 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ibrutinib resistance, as a result of coordinated rewiring of signaling networks and enforced tumor microenvironment (TME)-lymphoma interactions, drives unrestrained proliferation and disease progression. To combat resistance mechanisms, we must identify the compensatory resistance pathways and the central modulators of reprogramming events. Targeting the transcriptome and kinome reprogramming of lymphoma cells represents a rational approach to mitigate ibrutinib resistance in B cell malignancies. However, with the apparent heterogeneity and plasticity of tumors shown in therapy response, a one size fits all approach may be unattainable. To this end, a reliable and real-time drug screening platform to tailor effective individualized therapies in patients with B cell malignancies is warranted. Here, we describe the complexity of ibrutinib resistance in B cell lymphomas and the current approaches, including a drug screening assay, which has the potential to further explore the mechanisms of ibrutinib resistance and to design effective individualized combination therapies to overcome resistance and disable aggressive lymphomas (see Outstanding Questions).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijal Shah
- Department of Malignant Hematology and Department of Chemical Biology and Molecular Medicine, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Xiaohong Zhao
- Department of Malignant Hematology and Department of Chemical Biology and Molecular Medicine, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Ariosto S Silva
- Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Kenneth H Shain
- Department of Malignant Hematology and Department of Chemical Biology and Molecular Medicine, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Jianguo Tao
- Department of Hematopathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Chemical Biology and Molecular Medicine, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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29
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Jing F, Choi EY. Potential of Cells and Cytokines/Chemokines to Regulate Tertiary Lymphoid Structures in Human Diseases. Immune Netw 2016; 16:271-280. [PMID: 27799872 PMCID: PMC5086451 DOI: 10.4110/in.2016.16.5.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are ectopic lymphoid tissues involved in chronic inflammation, autoimmune diseases, transplant rejection and cancer. They exhibit almost all the characteristics of secondary lymphoid organs (SLO), which are associated with adaptive immune responses; as such, they contain organized B-cell follicles with germinal centers, distinct areas containing T cells and dendritic cells, high endothelial venules, and lymphatics. In this review, we briefly describe the formation of SLO, and describe the cellular subsets and molecular cues involved in the formation and maintenance of TLS. Finally, we discuss the associations of TLS with human diseases, especially autoimmune diseases, and the potential for therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifeng Jing
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Eun Young Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
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30
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Blaker YN, Spetalen S, Brodtkorb M, Lingjaerde OC, Beiske K, Østenstad B, Sander B, Wahlin BE, Melen CM, Myklebust JH, Holte H, Delabie J, Smeland EB. The tumour microenvironment influences survival and time to transformation in follicular lymphoma in the rituximab era. Br J Haematol 2016; 175:102-14. [PMID: 27341313 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The tumour microenvironment influences outcome in patients with follicular lymphoma (FL), but its impact on transformation is less studied. We investigated the prognostic significance of the tumour microenvironment on transformation and survival in FL patients treated in the rituximab era. We examined diagnostic and transformed biopsies from 52 FL patients using antibodies against CD3, CD4, CD8, CD21 (CR2), CD57 (B3GAT1), CD68, FOXP3, TIA1, PD-1 (PDCD1), PD-L1 (CD274) and PAX5. Results were compared with a second cohort of 40 FL patients without signs of transformation during a minimum of five years observation time. Cell numbers and localization were semi-quantitatively assessed. Better developed CD21+ follicular dendritic cell (FDC) meshworks at diagnosis was a negative prognostic factor for overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and time to transformation (TTT) in patients with subsequently transformed FL. Remnants of FDC meshworks at transformation were associated with shorter OS and PFS from transformation. High degrees of intrafollicular CD68+ and PD-L1+ macrophage infiltration, high total area scores and an extrafollicular/diffuse pattern of FOXP3+ T cells and high intrafollicular scores of CD4+ T cells at diagnosis were associated with shorter TTT. Scores of several T-cell subset markers from the combined patient cohorts were predictive for transformation, especially CD4 and CD57.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yngvild Nuvin Blaker
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. .,Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Signe Spetalen
- Department of Pathology, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marianne Brodtkorb
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole Christian Lingjaerde
- Section for Biomedical Informatics, Department of Computer Science, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Klaus Beiske
- Department of Pathology, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørn Østenstad
- Department of Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Birgitta Sander
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Björn Engelbrekt Wahlin
- Division of Haematology, Department of Medicine at Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet and Haematology Centre, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christopher Michael Melen
- Division of Haematology, Department of Medicine at Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet and Haematology Centre, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - June Helen Myklebust
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Harald Holte
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Delabie
- Department of Pathology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Erlend Bremertun Smeland
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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31
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Singh K, Briggs JM. Functional Implications of the spectrum of BCL2 mutations in Lymphoma. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2016; 769:1-18. [PMID: 27543313 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the translocated BCL2 gene are often detected in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs), indicating both their significance and pervasiveness. Large series genome sequencing of more than 200 DLBCLs has identified frequent BCL2 mutations clustered in the exons coding for the BH4 domain and the folded loop domain (FLD) of the protein. However, BCL2 mutations are mostly contemplated to represent bystander events with negligible functional impact on the pathogenesis of DLBCL. BCL2 arbitrates apoptosis through a classic interaction between its hydrophobic groove forming BH1-3 domains and the BH3 domain of pro-apoptotic members of the BCL2 family. The effects of mutations are mainly determined by the ability of the mutated BCL2 to mediate apoptosis by this inter-member protein binding. Nevertheless, BCL2 regulates diverse non-canonical pathways that are unlikely to be explained by canonical interactions. In this review, first, we identify recurrent missense mutations in the BH4 domain and the FLD reported in independent lymphoma sequencing studies. Second, we discuss the probable consequences of mutations on the binding ability of BCL2 to non-BCL2 family member proteins crucial for 1) maintaining mitochondrial energetics and calcium hemostasis such as VDAC, IP3R, and RyR and 2) oncogenic pathways implicated in the acquisition of the 'hallmarks of cancer' such as SOD, Raf-1, NFAT, p53, HIF-1α, and gelsolin. The study also highlights the likely ramifications of mutations on binding of BCL2 antagonists and BH3 profiling. Based on our analysis, we believe that an in-depth focus on BCL2 interactions mediated by these domains is warranted to elucidate the functional significance of missense mutations in DLBCL. In summary, we provide an extensive overview of the pleiotropic functions of BCL2 mediated by its physical binding interaction with other proteins and the various ways BCL2 mutations would affect the normal function of the cell leading to the development of DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushboo Singh
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5001, USA
| | - James M Briggs
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5001, USA.
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32
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AVRAMOVIĆ V, PETROVIĆ V, JOVIĆ M, VLAHOVIĆ P. Quantification of cells expressing markers of proliferation and apoptosis in chronic tonsilitis. ACTA OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGICA ITALICA : ORGANO UFFICIALE DELLA SOCIETA ITALIANA DI OTORINOLARINGOLOGIA E CHIRURGIA CERVICO-FACCIALE 2015; 35:277-84. [PMID: 26824215 PMCID: PMC4731890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
During chronic tonsillitis, the relationship between proliferation and apoptosis of lymphocytes in tonsillar follicles can be disturbed, which gives rise to attenuation of tonsil immunocompetence and diminishing its contribution in systemic immunity. In this study, we have quantified the cells expressing the markers of proliferation and apoptosis in the follicles of the palatine tonsil. Six tonsils from patients aged 10-29 years with hypertrophic tonsillitis and five tonsils from patients aged 18-22 years with recurrent tonsillitis were studied. The sections of paraffin blocks of tonsillar tissue were stained by the immunohistochemical LSAB/HRP method with the utilisation of antibodies for: Ki-67 antigen-cell marker of proliferation; Bcl-2 and survivin anti-apoptotic factors and Fas/CD95, caspase-3 and Bax pro-apoptotic factors. The size of lymphoid follicles, i.e. mean follicle area and number of lymphoid follicle immunopositive cells per mm2 of a slice area, i.e. numerical areal density were determined by the quantitative image analysis. The localisation of Ki-67, Bcl-2, survivin, Fas/CD95, caspase-3 and Bax- immunopositive cells inside the palatine tonsil was similar in both types of tonsillitis. The number of Ki-67 immunopositive cells was significantly (p < 0.01) larger in the tonsils with hypertrophic tonsillitis (14681.4 ± 1460.5) in comparison to those with recurrent tonsillitis (12491.4 ± 2321.6), although the number of survivin and caspase-3 immunopositive cells was significantly (p < 0.05) larger in recurrent tonsillitis (survivin, 406.9 ± 98.4; caspase-3, 350.4 ± 119.4) when compared to those with hypertrophic tonsillitis (survivin, 117.4 ± 14.5; caspase-3, 210 ± 24). Our results show that the rate of the proliferation and apoptosis of follicular lymphocytes is different in various types of tonsillitis. This suggests that the immunological potential of the palatine tonsil varies in patients with hypertrophic and recurrent tonsillitis, which in practice poses a dilemma over the choice of conservative or surgical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. AVRAMOVIĆ
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine University of Niš, Serbia
| | - V. PETROVIĆ
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine University of Niš, Serbia
| | - M. JOVIĆ
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine University of Niš, Serbia
| | - P. VLAHOVIĆ
- Centre for Medical Biochemistry, Clinical Centre Niš, Serbia,Address for correspondence: Predrag Vlahović, Centre for Medical Biochemistry, Dept. of Immunology, Clinical Centre Niš, Bul. dr. Zorana Djindjića 48, 18000 Niš, Serbia. Tel. +381 18 4534850.
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33
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Gu LI, Ouyang C, Lu F. Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma with extensive lymph node involvement: A case report. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:399-401. [PMID: 26171038 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma (FDCS) is an extremely rare neoplasm originating from the follicular dendritic cells in the lymphoid follicles. Current knowledge on its pathogenesis is limited and a well-defined treatment is required. The main channel through which clinicians obtain practical information on FDCS is via studying published case reports. To enrich the existing available literature and enhance the understanding of this rare disease, the present study describes a case of FDCS with extensive lymph node involvement in a 65-year-old male patient whose predominant symptom was a recurrent fever. The diagnosis of FDCS was eventually established based on the immunohistochemical staining of biopsy specimens of the cervical lymph nodes. The patient improved and symptoms disappeared after one cycle of systemic chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- L I Gu
- Division of Digestive Disease, Xiangya Second Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Chunhui Ouyang
- Division of Digestive Disease, Xiangya Second Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Fanggen Lu
- Division of Digestive Disease, Xiangya Second Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
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34
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Sharma N, Singh R, Marwah N, Gupta S, Sen R. Follicular Dendritic Cell Sarcoma of Lymph Node: A report of a Patient with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Treated with Imatinib. Int J Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Res 2015; 9:161-4. [PMID: 26261702 PMCID: PMC4529684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicular dendritic cells or dendritic reticulum cells are important components of the immune system essential for antigen presentation. Malignancies arising from these cells are uncommon and the first case was reported in 1986. The most common sites of follicular dendritic cell sarcomas are lymph nodes, especially cervical, axillary and mediastinal regions, but extranodal sites including head and neck and gastrointestinal tract may be affected in one-third of patients. Immunohistochemistry plays an important role in its diagnosis to differentiate it from morphologically similar malignancies The present report describes a case of follicular dendritic cell sarcoma in a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) treated with imatininb mesylate for 6 years. This case deserves reporting due to rarity of the disease and hitherto unreported association with CML. Furthermore, the pathological diagnosis is challenging and requires a close-knit effort between the pathologist and haematologist.
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35
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Cantisani R, Pezzicoli A, Cioncada R, Malzone C, De Gregorio E, D'Oro U, Piccioli D. Vaccine adjuvant MF59 promotes retention of unprocessed antigen in lymph node macrophage compartments and follicular dendritic cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:1717-25. [PMID: 25589069 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Ag retention within lymph nodes (LNs) upon vaccination is critical for the development of adaptive immune responses, because it facilitates the encounter of the Ag with cognate lymphocytes. During a secondary exposure of the immune system to an Ag, immune complexes (ICs) that contain the unprocessed Ag are captured by subcapsular sinus macrophages and are transferred onto follicular dendritic cells, where they persist for weeks, facilitating Ag presentation to cognate memory B cells. The impact of adjuvants on Ag retention within the draining LNs is unknown. In this article, we provide the first evidence, to our knowledge, that the oil-in-water emulsion adjuvant MF59 localizes in subcapsular sinus and medullary macrophage compartments of mouse draining LNs, where it persists for at least 2 wk. In addition, we demonstrate that MF59 promotes accumulation of the unprocessed Ag within these LN compartments and facilitates the consequent deposition of the IC-trapped Ag onto activated follicular dendritic cells. These findings correlate with the ability of MF59 to boost germinal center generation and Ag-specific Ab titers. Our data suggest that the adjuvant effect of MF59 is, at least in part, due to an enhancement of IC-bound Ag retention within the LN and offer insights to improve the efficacy of new vaccine adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ugo D'Oro
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, 53100, Siena, Italy
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36
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Campbell DM, Rappocciolo G, Jenkins FJ, Rinaldo CR. Dendritic cells: key players in human herpesvirus 8 infection and pathogenesis. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:452. [PMID: 25221546 PMCID: PMC4148009 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8; Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus) is an oncogenic gammaherpesvirus that primarily infects cells of the immune and vascular systems. HHV-8 interacts with and targets professional antigen presenting cells and influences their function. Infection alters the maturation, antigen presentation, and immune activation capabilities of certain dendritic cells (DC) despite non-robust lytic replication in these cells. DC sustains a low level of antiviral functionality during HHV-8 infection in vitro. This may explain the ability of healthy individuals to effectively control this virus without disease. Following an immune compromising event, such as organ transplantation or human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection, a reduced cellular antiviral response against HHV-8 compounded with skewed DC cytokine production and antigen presentation likely contributes to the development of HHV-8 associated diseases, i.e., Kaposi's sarcoma and certain B cell lymphomas. In this review we focus on the role of DC in the establishment of HHV-8 primary and latent infection, the functional state of DC during HHV-8 infection, and the current understanding of the factors influencing virus-DC interactions in the context of HHV-8-associated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana M Campbell
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Giovanna Rappocciolo
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Frank J Jenkins
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, PA, USA ; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Charles R Rinaldo
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, PA, USA ; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Zheng Y, Zhou X, Xie J, Zhu H, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Wei X, Yue B. IgM expression in paraffin sections distinguishes follicular lymphoma from reactive follicular hyperplasia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2014; 7:3264-71. [PMID: 25031747 PMCID: PMC4097246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The trapping of IgM-containing immune complexes (ICs) by follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) serves as an important step in promoting germinal center (GC) formation. Thus, the deposition of IgM-containing ICs on FDCs can be detected by antibodies recognizing IgM. The present investigation provides the first comprehensive report on the IgM staining pattern in follicular lymphoma (FL, n = 60), with comparisons to reactive follicular hyperplasias (RFH, n = 25), demonstrating that immunohistochemical staining for IgM in paraffin-embedded sections seems to be an additional tool for differentiating between FL and RFH. In RFH, IgM highlighted processes of FDCs, with stronger and more compact staining in light than in dark zones, with occasional very dim staining of GC B cells. In FL, IgM expression patterns were of three types. Pattern I (38 cases) stained tumor cells within neoplastic follicles, with no staining of FDCs. Pattern II (15 cases) stained neither tumor cells nor FDCs. Pattern III (7 cases) stained tumor cells with (3 cases) or without (4 cases) IgM expression; however, variable and attenuated IgM expression was observed on FDCs in each case. Interestingly, significant numbers of IgD+ mantle cells were preserved around the neoplastic follicles in these 7 cases. The data suggested that a complete or considerable loss of IgM expression in FDCs, reflecting the loss of IgM-containing ICs in FDCs, is a typical feature of FL. Increased IgM expression by GC B cells can also serve as an indicator of immunophenotypic abnormality in FL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoge Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing, China
| | - Jianlan Xie
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing, China
| | - Shuhong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing, China
| | - Yanning Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing, China
| | - Xuejing Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing, China
| | - Bing Yue
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing, China
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Yoon SO, Lee IY, Zhang X, Zapata MC, Choi YS. CD9 may contribute to the survival of human germinal center B cells by facilitating the interaction with follicular dendritic cells. FEBS Open Bio 2014; 4:370-6. [PMID: 24918051 PMCID: PMC4050195 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The germinal center (GC) is a dynamic microenvironment where antigen (Ag)-activated B cells rapidly expand and differentiate, generating plasma cells (PC) that produce high-affinity antibodies. Precise regulation of survival and proliferation of Ag-activated B cells within the GC is crucial for humoral immune responses. The follicular dendritic cells (FDC) are the specialized stromal cells in the GC that prevent apoptosis of GC-B cells. Recently, we reported that human GC-B cells consist of CD9+ and CD9- populations and that it is the CD9+ cells that are committed to the PC lineage. In this study, we investigated the functional role of CD9 on GC-B cells. Tonsillar tissue section staining revealed that in vivo CD9+ GC-B cells localized in the light zone FDC area. Consistent this, in vitro CD9+ GC-B cells survived better than CD9- GC-B cells in the presence of HK cells, an FDC line, in a cell-cell contact-dependent manner. The frozen tonsillar tissue section binding assay showed that CD9+ GC-B cells bound to the GC area of tonsillar tissues significantly more than the CD9- GC-B cells did and that the binding was significantly inhibited by neutralizing anti-integrin β1 antibody. Furthermore, CD9+ cells bound to soluble VCAM-1 more than CD9- cells did, resulting in activation and stabilization of the active epitope of integrin β1. All together, our data suggest that CD9 on GC-B cells contributes to survival by strengthening their binding to FDC through the VLA4/VCAM-1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Ok Yoon
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - In Yong Lee
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Xin Zhang
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Mariana C Zapata
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Yong Sung Choi
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Smeltzer JP, Jones JM, Ziesmer SC, Grote DM, Xiu B, Ristow KM, Yang ZZ, Nowakowski GS, Feldman AL, Cerhan JR, Novak AJ, Ansell SM. Pattern of CD14+ follicular dendritic cells and PD1+ T cells independently predicts time to transformation in follicular lymphoma. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:2862-72. [PMID: 24727328 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-2367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Transformation of follicular lymphoma is a critical event associated with a poor prognosis. The role of the tumor microenvironment in previous transformation studies has yielded conflicting results. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN To define cell subtypes associated with transformation, we examined tissue specimens at diagnosis from patients with follicular lymphoma that later transformed and, using immunohistochemistry (IHC), stained for CD68, CD11c, CD21, CXCL13, FOXP3, PD1, and CD14. Cell content and the pattern of expression were evaluated. Those identified as significantly associated with time to transformation (TTT) and overall survival (OS) were further characterized by flow cytometry and multicolor IHC. RESULTS Of note, 58 patients were analyzed with median TTT of 4.7 years. The pattern of PD1(+) and CD14(+) cells rather than the quantity of cells was predictive of clinical outcomes. On multivariate analysis, including the follicular lymphoma international prognostic index score, CD14(+) cells localized in the follicle were associated with a shorter TTT (HR, 3.0; P = 0.004). PD1(+) cells with diffuse staining were associated with a shorter TTT (HR, 1.9; P = 0.045) and inferior OS (HR, 2.5; P = 0.012). Multicolor IHC and flow cytometry identified CD14(+) cells as follicular dendritic cells (FDC), whereas PD1(+) cells represented two separate populations, TFH and exhausted T cells. CONCLUSION These results identify the presence of PD1(+) T cells and CD14(+) FDC as independent predictors of transformation in follicular lymphoma. Clin Cancer Res; 20(11); 2862-72. ©2014 AACR.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/immunology
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/immunology
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Dendritic Cells, Follicular/immunology
- Dendritic Cells, Follicular/metabolism
- Dendritic Cells, Follicular/pathology
- Female
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Lipopolysaccharide Receptors/immunology
- Lipopolysaccharide Receptors/metabolism
- Lymphoma, Follicular/immunology
- Lymphoma, Follicular/mortality
- Lymphoma, Follicular/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Prognosis
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/immunology
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/metabolism
- Proportional Hazards Models
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob P Smeltzer
- Authors' Affiliations: Division of Hematology; Division of Epidemiology; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jason M Jones
- Authors' Affiliations: Division of Hematology; Division of Epidemiology; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Steven C Ziesmer
- Authors' Affiliations: Division of Hematology; Division of Epidemiology; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Deanna M Grote
- Authors' Affiliations: Division of Hematology; Division of Epidemiology; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Xiu
- Authors' Affiliations: Division of Hematology; Division of Epidemiology; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kay M Ristow
- Authors' Affiliations: Division of Hematology; Division of Epidemiology; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi Zhang Yang
- Authors' Affiliations: Division of Hematology; Division of Epidemiology; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Grzegorz S Nowakowski
- Authors' Affiliations: Division of Hematology; Division of Epidemiology; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Andrew L Feldman
- Authors' Affiliations: Division of Hematology; Division of Epidemiology; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - James R Cerhan
- Authors' Affiliations: Division of Hematology; Division of Epidemiology; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Anne J Novak
- Authors' Affiliations: Division of Hematology; Division of Epidemiology; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Stephen M Ansell
- Authors' Affiliations: Division of Hematology; Division of Epidemiology; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Lwin T, Zhao X, Cheng F, Zhang X, Huang A, Shah B, Zhang Y, Moscinski LC, Choi YS, Kozikowski AP, Bradner JE, Dalton WS, Sotomayor E, Tao J. A microenvironment-mediated c-Myc/miR-548m/HDAC6 amplification loop in non-Hodgkin B cell lymphomas. J Clin Invest 2014; 123:4612-26. [PMID: 24216476 DOI: 10.1172/jci64210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A dynamic interaction occurs between the lymphoma cell and its microenvironment, with each profoundly influencing the behavior of the other. Here, using a clonogenic coculture growth system and a xenograft mouse model, we demonstrated that adhesion of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) and other non-Hodgkin lymphoma cells to lymphoma stromal cells confers drug resistance, clonogenicity, and induction of histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6). Furthermore, stroma triggered a c-Myc/miR-548m feed-forward loop, linking sustained c-Myc activation, miR-548m downregulation, and subsequent HDAC6 upregulation and stroma-mediated cell survival and lymphoma progression in lymphoma cell lines, primary MCL and other B cell lymphoma cell lines. Treatment with an HDAC6-selective inhibitor alone or in synergy with a c-Myc inhibitor enhanced cell death, abolished cell adhesion–mediated drug resistance, and suppressed clonogenicity and lymphoma growth ex vivo and in vivo. Together, these data suggest that the lymphoma-stroma interaction in the lymphoma microenvironment directly impacts the biology of lymphoma through genetic and epigenetic regulation, with HDAC6 and c-Myc as potential therapeutic targets.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Adhesion
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Epigenesis, Genetic
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Gene Knockdown Techniques
- Genes, myc
- Histone Deacetylase 6
- Histone Deacetylases/genetics
- Humans
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- Transfection
- Tumor Microenvironment
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Yamane F, Nishikawa Y, Matsui K, Asakura M, Iwasaki E, Watanabe K, Tanimoto H, Sano H, Fujiwara Y, Stanley ER, Kanayama N, Mabbott NA, Magari M, Ohmori H. CSF-1 receptor-mediated differentiation of a new type of monocytic cell with B cell-stimulating activity: its selective dependence on IL-34. J Leukoc Biol 2014; 95:19-31. [PMID: 24052571 PMCID: PMC3868188 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0613311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
With the use of a mouse FDC line, FL-Y, we have been analyzing roles for FDCs in controlling B cell fate in GCs. Beside these regulatory functions, we fortuitously found that FL-Y cells induced a new type of CD11b⁺ monocytic cells (F4/80⁺, Gr-1⁻, Ly6C⁻, I-A/E(-/lo), CD11c⁻, CD115⁺, CXCR4⁺, CCR2⁺, CX₃CR1⁻) when cultured with a Lin⁻c-kit⁺ population from mouse spleen cells. The developed CD11b⁺ cells shared a similar gene-expression profile to mononuclear phagocytes and were designated as FDMCs. Here, we describe characteristic immunological functions and the induction mechanism of FDMCs. Proliferation of anti-CD40 antibody-stimulated B cells was markedly accelerated in the presence of FDMCs. In addition, the FDMC-activated B cells efficiently acquired GC B cell-associated markers (Fas and GL-7). We observed an increase of FDMC-like cells in mice after immunization. On the other hand, FL-Y cells were found to produce CSF-1 as well as IL-34, both of which are known to induce development of macrophages and monocytes by binding to the common receptor, CSF-1R, expressed on the progenitors. However, we show that FL-Y-derived IL-34, but not CSF-1, was selectively responsible for FDMC generation using neutralizing antibodies and RNAi. We also confirmed that FDMC generation was strictly dependent on CSF-1R. To our knowledge, a CSF-1R-mediated differentiation process that is intrinsically specific for IL-34 has not been reported. Our results provide new insights into understanding the diversity of IL-34 and CSF-1 signaling pathways through CSF-1R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiro Yamane
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Okayama University Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yumiko Nishikawa
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Okayama University Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kazue Matsui
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Okayama University Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama, Japan
| | - Miki Asakura
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Okayama University Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama, Japan
| | - Eriko Iwasaki
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Okayama University Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama, Japan
| | - Koji Watanabe
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Okayama University Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hikaru Tanimoto
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Okayama University Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sano
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Okayama University Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuki Fujiwara
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Okayama University Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama, Japan
| | - E. Richard Stanley
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA; and
| | - Naoki Kanayama
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Okayama University Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama, Japan
| | - Neil A. Mabbott
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Masaki Magari
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Okayama University Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama, Japan; ,Correspondence: Dept. of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Okayama University Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Tsushima-Naka 3-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan. E-mail: (M.M.) or (H.O.)
| | - Hitoshi Ohmori
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Okayama University Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama, Japan; ,Correspondence: Dept. of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Okayama University Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Tsushima-Naka 3-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan. E-mail: (M.M.) or (H.O.)
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42
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Zhao
- Departments of Hematopathology and Laboratory Medicine, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute at the University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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Yoshizawa Y, Honda SI, Shibuya A. Involvement of Fcα/μR (CD351) in autoantibody production. Mol Immunol 2013; 57:216-9. [PMID: 24172225 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2013.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Antibody exerts various immune responses via binding to Fc receptors expressed on immune cells. Although several reports have demonstrated that IgM prevents autoantibody production, the role of IgM Fc receptors is largely unknown. To analyze the involvement of Fcα/μR (CD351), an Fc receptor for IgM and IgA expressed on B cells and follicular dendritic cells (FDCs), in IgM-mediated suppression of autoantibody production, we generated mice deficient in Fcα/μR on the background of MRL/MpJ-Fas(lpr/lpr) (Fcamr(-/-)Fas(lpr/lpr)) mice. Fcamr(-/-)Fas(lpr/lpr) mice showed significantly lower titers of IgG autoantibodies against double strand (ds) DNA, histone and cardiolipin in the sera than did Fcamr(+/+)Fas(lpr/lpr) mice. Moreover, Fcamr(-/-)Fas(lpr/lpr) mice showed higher survival rate at the ages of 28, 32 and 40 weeks old, compared with Fcamr(+/+)Fas(lpr/lpr) mice. These results suggest that Fcα/μR enhances, rather than suppresses, autoantibody production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Yoshizawa
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tsukuba, Japan
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44
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Chaitanya GV, Omura S, Sato F, Martinez NE, Minagar A, Ramanathan M, Guttman BW, Zivadinov R, Tsunoda I, Alexander JS. Inflammation induces neuro-lymphatic protein expression in multiple sclerosis brain neurovasculature. J Neuroinflammation 2013; 10:125. [PMID: 24124909 PMCID: PMC3854084 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-10-125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with ectopic lymphoid follicle formation. Podoplanin+ (lymphatic marker) T helper17 (Th17) cells and B cell aggregates have been implicated in the formation of tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs) in MS and experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE). Since podoplanin expressed by Th17 cells in MS brains is also expressed by lymphatic endothelium, we investigated whether the pathophysiology of MS involves inductions of lymphatic proteins in the inflamed neurovasculature. Methods We assessed the protein levels of lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor and podoplanin, which are specific to the lymphatic system and prospero-homeobox protein-1, angiopoietin-2, vascular endothelial growth factor-D, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3, which are expressed by both lymphatic endothelium and neurons. Levels of these proteins were measured in postmortem brains and sera from MS patients, in the myelin proteolipid protein (PLP)-induced EAE and Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) induced demyelinating disease (TMEV-IDD) mouse models and in cell culture models of inflamed neurovasculature. Results and conclusions Intense staining for LYVE-1 was found in neurons of a subset of MS patients using immunohistochemical approaches. The lymphatic protein, podoplanin, was highly expressed in perivascular inflammatory lesions indicating signaling cross-talks between inflamed brain vasculature and lymphatic proteins in MS. The profiles of these proteins in MS patient sera discriminated between relapsing remitting MS from secondary progressive MS and normal patients. The in vivo findings were confirmed in the in vitro cell culture models of neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganta Vijay Chaitanya
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health-Shreveport, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71130, USA.
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45
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Maglione PJ, Ko HM, Beasley MB, Strauchen JA, Cunningham-Rundles C. Tertiary lymphoid neogenesis is a component of pulmonary lymphoid hyperplasia in patients with common variable immunodeficiency. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 133:535-42. [PMID: 24131823 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite reducing pneumonia and other infections, antibody replacement does not appear to treat pulmonary lymphoid hyperplasia (PLH) in patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). The pathogenesis and optimal treatments remain to be clarified. OBJECTIVE We aimed to better understand the pathology of CVID-associated lung disease. Tertiary lymphoneogenesis, although a component of interstitial lung disease associated with autoimmune diseases, has not previously been explored in patients with CVID. METHODS We examined the clinical characteristics and pathologic findings of 6 patients with CVID with nodular/infiltrative lung disease who had biopsy specimens demonstrating PLH. RESULTS In these subjects regions of PLH contained distinct B- and T-cell zones, with B-cell predominance in 1 patient and T-cell predominance in the others. Colocalization of Ki67, Bcl6, and CD23 within this ectopic lymphoid architecture demonstrated tertiary lymphoneogenesis with active centers of cellular proliferation. One patient received rituximab with improved pulmonary radiologic findings. CONCLUSION Ectopic lymphoid tissue forming germinal centers suggest tertiary lymphoneogenesis in CVID-associated lung disease. B cell-targeted therapy might disrupt CVID-associated lymphoid hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Maglione
- Immunology Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Huaibin M Ko
- Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Mary B Beasley
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - James A Strauchen
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Charlotte Cunningham-Rundles
- Immunology Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY.
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46
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Kim J, Lee S, Kim YM, Jeoung DI, Choe J. Human follicular dendritic cells promote germinal center B cell survival by providing prostaglandins. Mol Immunol 2013; 55:418-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2013.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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47
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Herishanu Y, Katz BZ, Lipsky A, Wiestner A. Biology of chronic lymphocytic leukemia in different microenvironments: clinical and therapeutic implications. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2013; 27:173-206. [PMID: 23561469 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2013.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by the accumulation of mature monoclonal B cells in peripheral blood, bone marrow, spleen, and lymph nodes. The trafficking, survival, and proliferation of CLL cells is tightly regulated by the surrounding tissue microenvironment and is mediated by antigenic stimulation, close interaction with various accessory cells and exposure to different cytokines, chemokines, and extracellular matrix components. In the last decade there have been major advances in the understanding of the reciprocal interactions between CLL cells and the various microenvironmental compartments. This article discusses the role of the microenvironment in the context of efforts to develop novel therapeutics that target the biology of CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yair Herishanu
- Hematology Institute, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv 64239, Israel
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48
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Kim SH, Choe JY, Jeon Y, Huh J, Jung HR, Choi YD, Kim HJ, Cha HJ, Park WS, Kim JE. Frequent expression of follicular dendritic cell markers in Hodgkin lymphoma and anaplastic large cell lymphoma. J Clin Pathol 2013; 66:589-96. [PMID: 23454725 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2012-201425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Although the tumour cells of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) are derived from mature B-cells, the lineage infidelity of Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg cells (HRSs) often causes diagnostic problems. Recently introduced HRS markers are also positive for follicular dendritic cells (FDCs). We investigated the expression of several FDC markers in HL and anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) and evaluated their diagnostic efficacy. METHODS Eighty-five cases of HL and 52 cases of ALCL were included in this study. Immunohistochemistry was performed for glioma-associated homologue (GLI) 3, class III β-tubulin (TUBB3), fascin, clusterin, γ-synuclein, podoplanin, syntenin, CD21, CD35 and EGFR. RESULTS HRSs were diffusely positive for GLI3, fascin and TUBB3; the mean positivity rates per case were 94% for GLI3, 82% for fascin, 69% for TUBB3, 17% for clusterin, 17% for γ-synuclein and 14% for syntenin. Podoplanin, CD21, CD35 and EGFR were almost negative. However, the frequency of marker expression was not associated with the histologic subtype or the presence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). ALCL showed a similar pattern to HL, but the overall frequency of positivity was lower than that observed in HL. The mean positivity rates were 56% for GLI3, 62% for fascin, 58% for TUBB3 and 21% for clusterin. The other markers were nearly negative. Anaplastic large cell lymphoma kinase positivity did not affect the expression rates. CONCLUSIONS This study confirmed the frequent expression of FDC markers in HL and ALCL. Especially, GLI3, fascin and TUBB3 are the most sensitive markers. Further studies are required to evaluate the association between FDCs, HRSs and ALCL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Hee Kim
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
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49
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Rezk SA, Nathwani BN, Zhao X, Weiss LM. Follicular dendritic cells: origin, function, and different disease-associated patterns. Hum Pathol 2013; 44:937-50. [PMID: 23332930 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2012.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) are a specialized type of antigen-presenting dendritic cells that are largely restricted to lymphoid follicles. They form dense three-dimensional meshwork patterns within benign follicles, which maintain the follicular architecture. The FDC function is to bind and retain antigens by linking to complement and immune complexes and then present these antigens to germinal center B cells that start the secondary immune response. FDCs aid in the rescue of bound B cells from apoptosis, and induce the differentiation of B cells into long-term memory B cell clones or plasma cells. We will discuss the different patterns of the FDC meshwork observed in different types of reactive and neoplastic disorders, which may be due to underlying different roles that FDCs may play in these disorders and whether changes in the architecture of the FDC meshwork can be useful in routine diagnostic practice or have a prognostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif A Rezk
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92868, USA.
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Abstract
In addition to malignant cells, the tumor microenvironment also includes nonmalignant cells, secreted proteins, and blood vessels that surround and support the growth of the tumor. Interactions between the various components of the tumor microenvironment are significant; tumor cells can change the nature of the microenvironment, and conversely, the microenvironment can affect how a tumor grows and spreads. The structure and composition of the tumor microenvironment varies among different types of cancers and between patients. This paper focuses on the composition and function of the tumor microenvironment in hematologic malignancies with a specific focus on B-cell lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Ansell
- From the Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Abrahamson Cancer Center of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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