1
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Xu J, Zhang S, Li H, Bao Y, Du Y, Zhou Y, Zhao D, Liu F. LncRNA-AK007111 affects airway inflammation in asthma via the regulation of mast cell function. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 121:110341. [PMID: 37301118 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in gene transcription and pathophysiological processes of human diseases. Multiple lncRNAs have been shown to play important roles in the occurrence and development of asthma. This study aimed to explore the role of a novel lncRNA, lncRNA-AK007111, in asthma. Overexpression of lncRNA-AK007111 was induced in a mouse model of asthma via viral transfection, followed by the collection of alveolar lavage fluid and lung tissue for the detection of relevant inflammatory factors and pathological analysis of lung sections. Pulmonary resistance and respiratory dynamic compliance were measured using an animal pulmonary function analyzer. The number of mast cells sensitized by immunofluorescence was detected at the cellular level. The degree of degranulation of lncRNA-AK007111 after its knockdown was determined by detecting the level of β-hexosaminidase that was released and quantifying IL-6 and TNF-α using ELISA in a model of RBL-2H3 cells activated by immunoglobulin E plus antigen. Finally, we observed the migration ability of mast cells under a microscope. The results showed that in ovalbumin-sensitized mice, the upregulation of lncRNA-AK007111 promoted the infiltration of inflammatory cells in lung tissue, increased the number of total cells, eosinophils, and mast cells, upregulated IL-5 and IL-6 levels, and increased airway hyper-reactivity. Downregulation of lncRNA-AK007111 decreased the degranulation ability of IgE/Ag-activated mast cells and inhibited the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α; moreover, the migration ability of mast cells was significantly weakened. In conclusion, our study revealed that lncRNA-AK007111 plays an important role in asthma by modulating mast cell-related functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiejing Xu
- Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Department of Pediatrics, The Second People's Hospital of Changzhou, Affiliate Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Siqing Zhang
- Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Department of Pediatrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Huilin Li
- Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yaqing Bao
- Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Du
- Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yao Zhou
- Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Deyu Zhao
- Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Feng Liu
- Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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2
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Jiang Y, Yan Q, Liu CX, Peng CW, Zheng WJ, Zhuang HF, Huang HT, Liu Q, Liao HL, Zhan SF, Liu XH, Huang XF. Insights into potential mechanisms of asthma patients with COVID-19: A study based on the gene expression profiling of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Comput Biol Med 2022; 146:105601. [PMID: 35751199 PMCID: PMC9117163 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is currently a major challenge threatening the global healthcare system. Respiratory virus infection is the most common cause of asthma attacks, and thus COVID-19 may contribute to an increase in asthma exacerbations. However, the mechanisms of COVID-19/asthma comorbidity remain unclear. Methods The “Limma” package or “DESeq2” package was used to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Alveolar lavage fluid datasets of COVID-19 and asthma were obtained from the GEO and GSV database. A series of analyses of common host factors for COVID-19 and asthma were conducted, including PPI network construction, module analysis, enrichment analysis, inference of the upstream pathway activity of host factors, tissue-specific analysis and drug candidate prediction. Finally, the key host factors were verified in the GSE152418 and GSE164805 datasets. Results 192 overlapping host factors were obtained by analyzing the intersection of asthma and COVID-19. FN1, UBA52, EEF1A1, ITGB1, XPO1, NPM1, EGR1, EIF4E, SRSF1, CCR5, PXN, IRF8 and DDX5 as host factors were tightly connected in the PPI network. Module analysis identified five modules with different biological functions and pathways. According to the degree values ranking in the PPI network, EEF1A1, EGR1, UBA52, DDX5 and IRF8 were considered as the key cohost factors for COVID-19 and asthma. The H2O2, VEGF, IL-1 and Wnt signaling pathways had the strongest activities in the upstream pathways. Tissue-specific enrichment analysis revealed the different expression levels of the five critical host factors. LY294002, wortmannin, PD98059 and heparin might have great potential to evolve into therapeutic drugs for COVID-19 and asthma comorbidity. Finally, the validation dataset confirmed that the expression of five key host factors were statistically significant among COVID-19 groups with different severity and healthy control subjects. Conclusions This study constructed a network of common host factors between asthma and COVID-19 and predicted several drugs with therapeutic potential. Therefore, this study is likely to provide a reference for the management and treatment for COVID-19/asthma comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Jiang
- Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, China.
| | - Qian Yan
- The First Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China.
| | - Cheng-Xin Liu
- The First Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China.
| | - Chen-Wen Peng
- The First Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China.
| | - Wen-Jiang Zheng
- The First Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China.
| | - Hong-Fa Zhuang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China.
| | - Hui-Ting Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China.
| | - Qiong Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China.
| | - Hui-Li Liao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China.
| | - Shao-Feng Zhan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China.
| | - Xiao-Hong Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China.
| | - Xiu-Fang Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China.
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3
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Wang J, Hu K, Cai X, Yang B, He Q, Wang J, Weng Q. Targeting PI3K/AKT signaling for treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:18-32. [PMID: 35127370 PMCID: PMC8799876 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive fibrotic interstitial pneumonia with unknown causes. The incidence rate increases year by year and the prognosis is poor without cure. Recently, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (PKB/AKT) signaling pathway can be considered as a master regulator for IPF. The contribution of the PI3K/AKT in fibrotic processes is increasingly prominent, with PI3K/AKT inhibitors currently under clinical evaluation in IPF. Therefore, PI3K/AKT represents a critical signaling node during fibrogenesis with potential implications for the development of novel anti-fibrotic strategies. This review epitomizes the progress that is being made in understanding the complex interpretation of the cause of IPF, and demonstrates that PI3K/AKT can directly participate to the greatest extent in the formation of IPF or cooperate with other pathways to promote the development of fibrosis. We further summarize promising PI3K/AKT inhibitors with IPF treatment benefits, including inhibitors in clinical trials and pre-clinical studies and natural products, and discuss how these inhibitors mitigate fibrotic progression to explore possible potential agents, which will help to develop effective treatment strategies for IPF in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincheng Wang
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Kaili Hu
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xuanyan Cai
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qiaojun He
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qinjie Weng
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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4
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Zhang L, Ge S, He W, Chen Q, Xu C, Zeng M. Ghrelin protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome through the PI3K/AKT pathway. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101111. [PMID: 34437900 PMCID: PMC8445891 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary endothelial barrier dysfunction is a major pathophysiology observed in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Ghrelin, a key regulator of metabolism, has been shown to play protective roles in the respiratory system. However, its effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pulmonary endothelial barrier injury are unknown. In this study, the effects of ghrelin on LPS-induced ARDS and endothelial cell injury were evaluated in vivo and in vitro. In vivo, mice treated with LPS (3 mg/kg intranasal application) were used to establish the ARDS model. Annexin V/propidium iodide apoptosis assay, scratch-wound assay, tube formation assay, transwell permeability assay, and Western blotting experiment were performed to reveal in vitro effects and underlying mechanisms of ghrelin on endothelial barrier function. Our results showed that ghrelin had protective effects on LPS-induced ARDS and endothelial barrier disruption by inhibiting apoptosis, promoting cell migration and tube formation, and activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Furthermore, ghrelin stabilized LPS-induced endothelial barrier function by decreasing endothelial permeability and increasing the expression of the intercellular junction protein vascular endothelial cadherin. LY294002, a specific inhibitor of the PI3K pathway, reversed the protective effects of ghrelin on the endothelial cell barrier. In conclusion, our findings indicated that ghrelin protected against LPS-induced ARDS by impairing the pulmonary endothelial barrier partly through activating the PI3K/AKT pathway. Thus, ghrelin may be a valuable therapeutic strategy for the prevention or treatment of ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishan Zhang
- Department of Medical Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Institute of Pulmonary Diseases, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shanhui Ge
- Department of Medical Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Institute of Pulmonary Diseases, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wanmei He
- Department of Medical Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Institute of Pulmonary Diseases, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qingui Chen
- Department of Medical Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Institute of Pulmonary Diseases, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Caixia Xu
- Research Center of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Mian Zeng
- Department of Medical Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Institute of Pulmonary Diseases, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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5
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Belchamber KBR, Hughes MJ, Spittle DA, Walker EM, Sapey E. New Pharmacological Tools to Target Leukocyte Trafficking in Lung Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:704173. [PMID: 34367163 PMCID: PMC8334730 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.704173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection and inflammation of the lung results in the recruitment of non-resident immune cells, including neutrophils, eosinophils and monocytes. This swift response should ensure clearance of the threat and resolution of stimuli which drive inflammation. However, once the threat is subdued this influx of immune cells should be followed by clearance of recruited cells through apoptosis and subsequent efferocytosis, expectoration or retrograde migration back into the circulation. This cycle of cell recruitment, containment of threat and then clearance of immune cells and repair is held in exquisite balance to limit host damage. Advanced age is often associated with detrimental changes to the balance described above. Cellular functions are altered including a reduced ability to traffic accurately towards inflammation, a reduced ability to clear pathogens and sustained inflammation. These changes, seen with age, are heightened in lung disease, and most chronic and acute lung diseases are associated with an exaggerated influx of immune cells, such as neutrophils, to the airways as well as considerable inflammation. Indeed, across many lung diseases, pathogenesis and progression has been associated with the sustained presence of trafficking cells, with examples including chronic diseases such as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and acute infections such as Pneumonia and Pneumonitis. In these instances, there is evidence that dysfunctional and sustained recruitment of cells to the airways not only increases host damage but impairs the hosts ability to effectively respond to microbial invasion. Targeting leukocyte migration in these instances, to normalise cellular responses, has therapeutic promise. In this review we discuss the current evidence to support the trafficking cell as an immunotherapeutic target in lung disease, and which potential mechanisms or pathways have shown promise in early drug trials, with a focus on the neutrophil, as the quintessential trafficking immune cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie B. R. Belchamber
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J. Hughes
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Daniella A. Spittle
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Eloise M. Walker
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Sapey
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- NIHR Clinical Research Facility Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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6
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Chan Y, MacLoughlin R, Zacconi FC, Tambuwala MM, Pabari RM, Singh SK, Jesus Andreoli Pinto TD, Gupta G, Chellappan DK, Dua K. Advances in nanotechnology-based drug delivery in targeting PI3K signaling in respiratory diseases. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2021; 16:1351-1355. [PMID: 33998829 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yinghan Chan
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University (IMU), Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ronan MacLoughlin
- Aerogen, IDA Business Park, Dangan, Galway H91 HE94, Ireland.,School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland.,School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Flavia C Zacconi
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química y de Farma-cia, Pontificia Universidad Católica deChile, Av Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Murtaza M Tambuwala
- School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Londonderry, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Ritesh M Pabari
- School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi GT Road, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India
| | | | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Jaipur 302017, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University (IMU), Bukit Jalil 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
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7
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Kramer EL, Madala SK, Hudock KM, Davidson C, Clancy JP. Subacute TGFβ Exposure Drives Airway Hyperresponsiveness in Cystic Fibrosis Mice through the PI3K Pathway. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 62:657-667. [PMID: 31922900 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0158oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a lethal genetic disease characterized by progressive lung damage and airway obstruction. The majority of patients demonstrate airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), which is associated with more rapid lung function decline. Recent studies in the neonatal CF pig demonstrated airway smooth muscle (ASM) dysfunction. These findings, combined with observed CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) expression in ASM, suggest that a fundamental defect in ASM function contributes to lung function decline in CF. One established driver of AHR and ASM dysfunction is transforming growth factor (TGF) β1, a genetic modifier of CF lung disease. Prior studies demonstrated that TGFβ exposure in CF mice drives features of CF lung disease, including goblet cell hyperplasia and abnormal lung mechanics. CF mice displayed aberrant responses to pulmonary TGFβ, with elevated PI3K signaling and greater increases in lung resistance compared with controls. Here, we show that TGFβ drives abnormalities in CF ASM structure and function through PI3K signaling that is enhanced in CFTR-deficient lungs. CF and non-CF mice were exposed intratracheally to an adenoviral vector containing the TGFβ1 cDNA, empty vector, or PBS only. We assessed methacholine-induced AHR, bronchodilator response, and ASM area in control and CF mice. Notably, CF mice demonstrated enhanced AHR and bronchodilator response with greater ASM area increases compared with non-CF mice. Furthermore, therapeutic inhibition of PI3K signaling mitigated the TGFβ-induced AHR and goblet cell hyperplasia in CF mice. These results highlight a latent AHR phenotype in CFTR deficiency that is enhanced through TGFβ-induced PI3K signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth L Kramer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine and
| | - Satish K Madala
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine and
| | - Kristin M Hudock
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio; and.,Division of Adult Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | | | - John P Clancy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine and
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8
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Ren R, Ruan Z, Ding H, Du J, Yu W. Phosphoproteome profiling provides insight into the mechanisms of ventilator-induced lung injury. Exp Ther Med 2020; 19:3627-3633. [PMID: 32346427 PMCID: PMC7185165 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common health problem in the clinic and is projected to increase in prevalence in the future. Mechanical ventilation is commonly used to provide respiratory support and has become indispensable in emergency and critical medicine. However, ventilator use can result in lung tissue damage, collectively termed ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). In the present study, phosphoprotein profiling of blood and tissue samples from ventilated and non-ventilated mice was performed and key changes in protein levels and cell signaling during VILI were identified. Activation of the PI3K/AKT and mitogen activated protein kinase signaling pathways, in addition to changes in expression of cancer, inflammatory and cell-death related proteins were detected in response to mechanical ventilation. Focal adhesion-related protein levels and signaling pathways were also significantly altered in an injury model compared with control. VILI can affect patient mortality in ALI and ARDS cases, and no targeted treatment options currently exist. Identifying biomarkers and understanding the signaling pathways associated with VILI is critical for the development of future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Ren
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China.,Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Xin Hua Hospital School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Zhengshang Ruan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Xin Hua Hospital School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Haoshu Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Xin Hua Hospital School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Junming Du
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Xin Hua Hospital School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Weifeng Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
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9
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Pirozzi F, Ren K, Murabito A, Ghigo A. PI3K Signaling in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Mechanisms, Targets, and Therapy. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:2791-2800. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180320120054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a progressive respiratory disorder characterized by irreversible chronic inflammation and airflow obstruction. It affects more than 64 million patients worldwide and it is predicted to become the third cause of death in the industrialized world by 2030. Currently available therapies are not able to block disease progression and to reduce mortality, underlying the need for a better understanding of COPD pathophysiological mechanisms to identify new molecular therapeutic targets. Recent studies demonstrated that phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling is prominently activated in COPD and correlates with an increased susceptibility of patients to lung infections. PI3Ks have thus emerged as promising alternative drug targets for COPD and a wide array of pan-isoform and isoform-selective inhibitors have been tested in preclinical models and are currently being evaluated in clinical studies. Here, we summarize the recent knowledge on the involvement of PI3K enzymes in the pathophysiology of COPD, and we discuss the most recent results arising from the preclinical as well as the clinical testing of PI3K inhibitors as novel therapeutics for COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Pirozzi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Kai Ren
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandra Murabito
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ghigo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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10
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Campa CC, Silva RL, Margaria JP, Pirali T, Mattos MS, Kraemer LR, Reis DC, Grosa G, Copperi F, Dalmarco EM, Lima-Júnior RCP, Aprile S, Sala V, Dal Bello F, Prado DS, Alves-Filho JC, Medana C, Cassali GD, Tron GC, Teixeira MM, Ciraolo E, Russo RC, Hirsch E. Inhalation of the prodrug PI3K inhibitor CL27c improves lung function in asthma and fibrosis. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5232. [PMID: 30542075 PMCID: PMC6290777 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07698-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PI3K activation plays a central role in the development of pulmonary inflammation and tissue remodeling. PI3K inhibitors may thus offer an improved therapeutic opportunity to treat non-resolving lung inflammation but their action is limited by unwanted on-target systemic toxicity. Here we present CL27c, a prodrug pan-PI3K inhibitor designed for local therapy, and investigate whether inhaled CL27c is effective in asthma and pulmonary fibrosis. Mice inhaling CL27c show reduced insulin-evoked Akt phosphorylation in lungs, but no change in other tissues and no increase in blood glycaemia, in line with a local action. In murine models of acute or glucocorticoid-resistant neutrophilic asthma, inhaled CL27c reduces inflammation and improves lung function. Finally, inhaled CL27c administered in a therapeutic setting protects from bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis, ultimately leading to significantly improved survival. Therefore, local delivery of a pan-PI3K inhibitor prodrug reduces systemic on-target side effects but effectively treats asthma and irreversible pulmonary fibrosis. Activation of PI3K plays a role in pulmonary inflammation. Here, the authors develop a drug inhibitor of PI3K, and show that it inhibits lung inflammation and damage in mouse models of asthma and lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo C Campa
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Rangel L Silva
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy.,Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Jean P Margaria
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Tracey Pirali
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Largo Donegani 2, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Matheus S Mattos
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunology and Mechanics, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais/UFMG, Avenida Antonio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Lucas R Kraemer
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunology and Mechanics, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais/UFMG, Avenida Antonio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Diego C Reis
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunology and Mechanics, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais/UFMG, Avenida Antonio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil.,Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Department of General Pathology Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais/UFMG, Avenida Antonio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Giorgio Grosa
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Largo Donegani 2, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Francesca Copperi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Eduardo M Dalmarco
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina/UFSC, Rua Delfino Conti, S/N, Florianopolis, 88040-370, Brazil
| | - Roberto C P Lima-Júnior
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy.,Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Cancer, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Ceará/UFC, Rua Cel Nunes de Melo 1127, Fortaleza, 60430-270, Brazil
| | - Silvio Aprile
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Largo Donegani 2, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Valentina Sala
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Federica Dal Bello
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Mass Spectrometry Unit, University of Torino, Via Giuria 5, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Douglas Silva Prado
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Jose Carlos Alves-Filho
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Claudio Medana
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Mass Spectrometry Unit, University of Torino, Via Giuria 5, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Geovanni D Cassali
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Department of General Pathology Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais/UFMG, Avenida Antonio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Gian Cesare Tron
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", largo Donegani 2, 28100, Novara, Italy.,Kither Biotech S.r.l., Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Mauro M Teixeira
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais/UFMG, Avenida Antonio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Elisa Ciraolo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy. .,Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Remo C Russo
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunology and Mechanics, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais/UFMG, Avenida Antonio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil.,Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais/UFMG, Avenida Antonio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Emilio Hirsch
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy.,Kither Biotech S.r.l., Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy
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11
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Lee SU, Ryu HW, Lee S, Shin IS, Choi JH, Lee JW, Lee J, Kim MO, Lee HJ, Ahn KS, Hong ST, Oh SR. Lignans Isolated From Flower Buds of Magnolia fargesii Attenuate Airway Inflammation Induced by Cigarette Smoke in vitro and in vivo. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:970. [PMID: 30258361 PMCID: PMC6143820 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The flower buds of Magnolia fargesii, known traditionally as Xinyi, exert anti-inflammatory effects against inflammatory lung diseases such as COPD. Lignans isolated from Xinyi are an important group of plant-derived anti-inflammatory compounds. However, the mechanisms of action underlying their protective effects against COPD are not yet fully understood. Here, we showed that seven lignans (lignans 1–7) obtained from a CHCl3 fraction of Xinyi effectively suppress the inflammatory response in CSC-stimulated airway epithelial cells (in vitro) and in a mouse model of COPD established by exposure to CS and LPS. The CHCl3 fraction was found to inhibit CSC-induced IL-6 expression in human airway epithelial cells and to suppress the infiltration of inflammatory cells (neutrophils and macrophages) and secretion of inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the mouse model. Similarly, each of the seven lignans isolated from the CHCl3 fraction also suppressed the infiltration of inflammatory cells (neutrophils and macrophages) and secretion of inflammatory mediators such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), TNF-α, and IL-6 in vivo. Notably, all lignan compounds significantly suppressed both extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) and Akt phosphorylation levels in CSC-stimulated human lung mucoepidermoid carcinoma (NCI-H292) cells. Of these, lignan 1 (dimethylpinoresinol) inhibited the expression of CSC-induced inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, -6, and -8) in vitro in a dose-dependent manner by suppressing the activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and its downstream effectors, including ERK and Akt, in NCI-H292 cells. Our results show that the lignans isolated from Xinyi may prevent airway inflammatory diseases through the suppression of EGFR and its downstream effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Ui Lee
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Hyung Won Ryu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Seoghyun Lee
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, South Korea.,College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - In-Sik Shin
- College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 Plus Project Team), Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Ji-Hee Choi
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Jae-Won Lee
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Jinhyuk Lee
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Mun Ock Kim
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Jun Lee
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Seop Ahn
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Sung-Tae Hong
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sei-Ryang Oh
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, South Korea
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12
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Fouda MA, El-Gowelli HM, El-Gowilly SM, El-Mas MM. Hemin blunts the depressant effect of chronic nicotine on reflex tachycardia via activation of central NOS/PI3K pathway in female rats. Pharmacol Rep 2018; 70:455-462. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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13
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Khan A, Southworth T, Worsley S, Sriskantharajah S, Amour A, Hessel EM, Singh D. An investigation of the anti-inflammatory effects and a potential biomarker of PI3Kδ inhibition in COPD T cells. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2018; 44:932-940. [PMID: 28508433 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Lymphocyte numbers are increased in the lungs of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase delta (PI3Kδ) is involved in lymphocyte activation. We investigated the effect of PI3Kδ inhibition on cytokine release from COPD lymphocytes. We also evaluated phosphorylated ribosomal S6 protein (rS6) as a potential biomarker of PI3Kδ activation. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells isolated from healthy never smokers (HNS), smokers (S) and COPD patients were stimulated to induce a T cell receptor response. The effects of a PI3Kδ specific inhibitor (GSK045) on cytokine release and rS6 phosphorylation were measured by Luminex and flow cytometry respectively. The effects of GSK045 on cytokine production from PHA stimulated chopped lung samples were investigated. GSK045 reduced cytokine release from PBMCs, BAL cells and chopped lung. Inhibition was greatest in the chopped lung model, with approximately 80% inhibition of interferon (IFN) γ, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-17 and IL-10. PI3Kδ inhibition suppressed rS6 phosphorylation in unstimulated airway T-lymphocytes by up to 60%. Inhibition of PI3Kδ suppressed T cell cytokine production in COPD patients. rS6 phosphorylation shows potential as a biomarker to assess PI3Kδ activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abid Khan
- The University of Manchester, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,The University of Manchester, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester, UK
| | - Thomas Southworth
- The University of Manchester, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sally Worsley
- Refractory Respiratory Inflammation DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK
| | | | - Augustin Amour
- Refractory Respiratory Inflammation DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK
| | - Edith M Hessel
- Refractory Respiratory Inflammation DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK
| | - Dave Singh
- The University of Manchester, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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14
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease characterized by progressive lung disease. Most CF therapies focus on treating secondary pulmonary complications rather than addressing the underlying processes inducing airway remodeling and ineffective response to infection. Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) is a cytokine involved in fibrosis, inflammation, and injury response as well as a genetic modifier and biomarker of CF lung disease. Targeting the TGFβ pathway has been pursued in other diseases, but the mechanism of TGFβ effects in CF is less well understood. Areas covered: In this review, we discuss CF lung disease pathogenesis with a focus on potential links to TGFβ. TGFβ signaling in lung health and disease is reviewed. Recent studies investigating TGFβ's impact in CF airway epithelial cells are highlighted. Finally, an overview of potential therapies to target TGFβ signaling relevant to CF are addressed. Expert opinion: The broad impact of TGFβ signaling on numerous cellular processes in homeostasis and disease is both a strength and a challenge to developing TGFβ dependent therapeutics in CF. We discuss the challenges inherent in developing TGFβ-targeted therapy, identifying appropriate patient populations, and questions regarding the timing of treatment. Future directions for research into TGFβ focused therapeutics are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth L Kramer
- a Department of Pediatrics , Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - John P Clancy
- a Department of Pediatrics , Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati , OH , USA
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15
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Plantamajoside Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced MUC5AC Expression and Inflammation through Suppressing the PI3K/Akt and NF-κB Signaling Pathways in Human Airway Epithelial Cells. Inflammation 2018; 41:795-802. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-018-0733-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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16
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Barnes PJ. Kinases as Novel Therapeutic Targets in Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Pharmacol Rev 2017; 68:788-815. [PMID: 27363440 DOI: 10.1124/pr.116.012518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple kinases play a critical role in orchestrating the chronic inflammation and structural changes in the respiratory tract of patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Kinases activate signaling pathways that lead to contraction of airway smooth muscle and release of inflammatory mediators (such as cytokines, chemokines, growth factors) as well as cell migration, activation, and proliferation. For this reason there has been great interest in the development of kinase inhibitors as anti-inflammatory therapies, particular where corticosteroids are less effective, as in severe asthma and COPD. However, it has proven difficult to develop selective kinase inhibitors that are both effective and safe after oral administration and this has led to a search for inhaled kinase inhibitors, which would reduce systemic exposure. Although many kinases have been implicated in inflammation and remodeling of airway disease, very few classes of drug have reached the stage of clinical studies in these diseases. The most promising drugs are p38 MAP kinases, isoenzyme-selective PI3-kinases, Janus-activated kinases, and Syk-kinases, and inhaled formulations of these drugs are now in development. There has also been interest in developing inhibitors that block more than one kinase, because these drugs may be more effective and with less risk of losing efficacy with time. No kinase inhibitors are yet on the market for the treatment of airway diseases, but as kinase inhibitors are improved from other therapeutic areas there is hope that these drugs may eventually prove useful in treating refractory asthma and COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Barnes
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
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17
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Thaventhiran T, Alhumeed N, Yeang HXA, Sethu S, Downey JS, Alghanem AF, Olayanju A, Smith EL, Cross MJ, Webb SD, Williams DP, Bristow A, Ball C, Stebbings R, Sathish JG. Failure to upregulate cell surface PD-1 is associated with dysregulated stimulation of T cells by TGN1412-like CD28 superagonist. MAbs 2014; 6:1290-9. [PMID: 25517314 PMCID: PMC4622985 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.29758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The CD28 superagonist (CD28SA) TGN1412 was administered to humans as an agent that can selectively activate and expand regulatory T cells but resulted in uncontrolled T cell activation accompanied by cytokine storm. The molecular mechanisms that underlie this uncontrolled T cell activation are unclear. Physiological activation of T cells leads to upregulation of not only activation molecules but also inhibitory receptors such as PD-1. We hypothesized that the uncontrolled activation of CD28SA-stimulated T cells is due to both the enhanced expression of activation molecules and the lack of or reduced inhibitory signals. In this study, we show that anti-CD3 antibody-stimulated human T cells undergo time-limited controlled DNA synthesis, proliferation and interleukin-2 secretion, accompanied by PD-1 expression. In contrast, CD28SA-activated T cells demonstrate uncontrolled activation parameters including enhanced expression of LFA-1 and CCR5 but fail to express PD-1 on the cell surface. We demonstrate the functional relevance of the lack of PD-1 mediated regulatory mechanism in CD28SA-stimulated T cells. Our findings provide a molecular explanation for the dysregulated activation of CD28SA-stimulated T cells and also highlight the potential for the use of differential expression of PD-1 as a biomarker of safety for T cell immunostimulatory biologics.
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Key Words
- APC, antigen presenting cell
- CCR5, C-C chemokine receptor type 5
- CD28 superagonist
- CD28SA, CD28 superagonist
- CK2, casein kinase 2
- CTLA-4, cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen 4
- IFNγ, interferon gamma
- IL-2, interleukin 2
- LAG-3, Lymphocyte-activation gene 3
- LFA-1, lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1
- MFI, mean fluorescence intensity
- PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cells
- PD-1
- PD-1, programmed cell death protein 1
- PD-L1, programmed cell death-ligand 1
- PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog
- S-phase, synthesis phase
- T cells
- TCR, T cell receptor
- TEMs, effector memory T cells
- TGN1412
- TIM-3, T cell immunoglobulin mucin 3
- immunostimulatory biologics
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Affiliation(s)
- Thilipan Thaventhiran
- a Medical Research Council Centre for Drug Safety Science and Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology ; University of Liverpool ; Liverpool , UK
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18
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Li W, Ma K, Zhang S, Zhang H, Liu J, Wang X, Li S. Pulmonary microRNA expression profiling in an immature piglet model of cardiopulmonary bypass-induced acute lung injury. Artif Organs 2014; 39:327-35. [PMID: 25347932 DOI: 10.1111/aor.12387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
After surgery performed under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), severe lung injury often occurs in infants. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are potentially involved in diverse pathophysiological processes via regulation of gene expression. The objective of this study was to investigate differentially expressed miRNAs and their potential target genes in immature piglet lungs in response to CPB. Fourteen piglets aged 18.6 ± 0.5 days were equally divided into two groups that underwent sham sternotomy or CPB. The duration of aortic cross-clamping was 2 h, followed by 2 h reperfusion. Lung injury was evaluated by lung function indices, levels of cytokines, and histological changes. We applied miRNA microarray and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis to determine miRNA expression. Meanwhile, qRT-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used for validation of predicted mRNA targets. The deterioration of lung function and histopathological changes revealed the piglets' lungs were greatly impaired due to CPB. The levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 6, and interleukin 10 increased in the lung tissue after CPB. Using miRNA microarray, statistically significant differences were found in the levels of 16 miRNAs in the CPB group. Up-regulation of miR-21 was verified by PCR. We also observed down-regulation in the levels of miR-127, miR-145, and miR-204, which were correlated with increases in the expression of the products of their potential target genes PIK3CG, PTGS2, ACE, and IL6R in the CPB group, suggesting a potential role for miRNA in the regulation of inflammatory response. Our results show that CPB induces severe lung injury and dynamic changes in miRNA expression in piglet lungs. Moreover, the changes in miRNA levels and target gene expression may provide a basis for understanding the pathogenesis of CPB-induced injury to immature lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlei Li
- Center of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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19
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Novel drug targets for asthma and COPD: lessons learned from in vitro and in vivo models. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2014; 29:181-98. [PMID: 24929072 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2014.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are highly prevalent respiratory diseases characterized by airway inflammation, airway obstruction and airway hyperresponsiveness. Whilst current therapies, such as β-agonists and glucocorticoids, may be effective at reducing symptoms, they do not reduce disease progression. Thus, there is a need to identify new therapeutic targets. In this review, we summarize the potential of novel targets or tools, including anti-inflammatories, phosphodiesterase inhibitors, kinase inhibitors, transient receptor potential channels, vitamin D and protease inhibitors, for the treatment of asthma and COPD.
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20
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Markou T, Chambers DJ. Lung injury after simulated cardiopulmonary bypass in an isolated perfused rat lung preparation: Role of mitogen-activated protein kinase/Akt signaling and the effects of theophylline. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2014; 148:2335-44. [PMID: 24841445 PMCID: PMC4226635 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2014.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Lung deflation and inflation during cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass contributes to pulmonary dysfunction postoperatively. Theophylline treatment for lung diseases has traditionally been thought to act by phosphodiesterase inhibition; however, increasing evidence has suggested other plausible mechanisms. We investigated the effects of deflation and reinflation on signaling pathways (p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase [MAPK], extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 [ERK1/2], and Akt) and whether theophylline influences the deflation-induced lung injury and associated signaling. Methods Isolated rat lungs were perfused (15 mL/min) with deoxygenated rat blood in bicarbonate buffer and ventilated. After 20 minutes' equilibration, the lungs were deflated (60 minutes, aerobic perfusion 1.5 mL/min), followed by reinflation (60 minutes, anaerobic reperfusion 15 mL/min). Compliance, vascular resistance, and kinase phosphorylation were assessed during deflation and reinflation. The effects of SB203580 (50 μM), a p38-MAPK inhibitor, and theophylline (0.083 mM [therapeutic] or 3 mM [supratherapeutic]) on physiology and signaling were studied. Results Deflation reduced compliance by 44% compared with continuously ventilated lungs. p38-MAPK and Akt phosphorylation increased (three to fivefold) during deflation and reinflation, and ERK1/2 phosphorylation increased (approximately twofold) during reinflation. SB203580 had no effect on lung physiology or ERK1/2 and Akt activation. Both theophylline doses increased cyclic adenosine monophosphate, but only 3 mM theophylline improved compliance. p38-MAPK phosphorylation was not affected by theophylline; 0.083 mM theophylline inhibited reinflation-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation (72% ± 3%); and 3 mM theophylline inhibited Akt phosphorylation during deflation (75% ± 5%) and reinflation (87% ± 4%). Conclusions Lung deflation and reinflation stimulates differential p38-MAPK, ERK1/2, and Akt activation, suggesting a role in lung injury during cardiopulmonary bypass. However, p38-MAPK was not involved in the compromised compliance. A supratherapeutic theophylline dose protected lungs against deflation-induced injury and was associated with inhibition of phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt rather than phosphodiesterase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomais Markou
- Cardiac Surgical Research, Rayne Institute, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom.
| | - David J Chambers
- Cardiac Surgical Research, Rayne Institute, King's College London, Guy's and St Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust, St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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21
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Wang J, Li F, Yang M, Wu J, Zhao J, Gong W, Liu W, Bi W, Dong L. FIZZ1 promotes airway remodeling through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in asthma. Exp Ther Med 2014; 7:1265-1270. [PMID: 24940423 PMCID: PMC3991528 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.1580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Found in inflammatory zone 1 (FIZZ1) plays a vital role in pulmonary inflammation and angiogenesis. In addition, FIZZ1 plays a role in the early stages of airway remodeling in asthma by increasing the expression of α smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and type I collagen. However, the role of FIZZ1 in the airway remodeling of asthma remains unclear. In the present study, FIZZ1 was identified to be upregulated in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthmatic mice, along with phosphorylated protein kinase B (Akt). Following FIZZ1 recombinant protein co-culture in the murine lung epithelial-cell line, Akt phosphorylation was upregulated, however, following transfection with FIZZ1-small hairpin RNA, the phosphorylation levels were decreased. The variation in α-SMA and type I collagen expression levels was consistent with the Akt phosphorylation levels. Intratracheal administration of LY294002 and Akt inhibitor IV to the asthmatic mice was capable of reducing airway inflammation, downregulating the expression of α-SMA, type I collagen and fibronectin-1 and increasing the expression of E-cadherin. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that FIZZ1 promoted airway remodeling in asthma via the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway. Blocking the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway may attenuate the early stages of airway remodeling induced by OVA by regulating the abnormal process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfei Wang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China ; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, People's Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, Shandong 276800, P.R. China
| | - Mengmeng Yang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Jinxiang Wu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Jiping Zhao
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Wenbin Gong
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Wen Liu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P.R. China
| | - Wenxiang Bi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Liang Dong
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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22
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PI3Kγ inhibition alleviates symptoms and increases axon number in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice. Neuroscience 2013; 253:89-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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23
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Barnes PJ. New anti-inflammatory targets for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2013; 12:543-59. [PMID: 23977698 DOI: 10.1038/nrd4025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with chronic inflammation of the peripheral airways and lung parenchyma, which leads to progressive obstruction of the airways. Current management with long-acting bronchodilators does not reduce disease progression, and there are no treatments that effectively suppress chronic inflammation in COPD. An increased understanding of the inflammatory processes that are involved in the pathophysiology of COPD has identified several new therapeutic targets. This Review discusses some of the most promising of these targets, including new antioxidants, kinase inhibitors and drugs that target cellular senescence, microbial colonization, epigenetic regulation of inflammatory gene expression and corticosteroid resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Barnes
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College School of Medicine, Dovehouse Street, London SW3 6LY, UK.
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24
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Inflammatory signalings involved in airway and pulmonary diseases. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:791231. [PMID: 23690670 PMCID: PMC3649692 DOI: 10.1155/2013/791231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In respiratory diseases, there is an increased expression of multiple inflammatory proteins in the respiratory tract, including cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules. Chemokines have been shown to regulate inflammation and immune cell differentiation. Moreover, many of the known inflammatory target proteins, such as matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), are associated with airway and lung inflammation in response to various stimuli. Injuriously environmental stimuli can access the lung through either the airways or the pulmonary and systemic circulations. The time course and intensity of responses by resident and circulating cells may be regulated by various inflammatory signalings, including Src family kinases (SFKs), protein kinase C (PKC), growth factor tyrosine kinase receptors, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)/reactive oxygen species (ROS), PI3K/Akt, MAPKs, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), activator protein-1 (AP-1), and other signaling molecules. These signaling molecules regulate both key inflammatory signaling transduction pathways and target proteins involved in airway and lung inflammation. Here, we discuss the mechanisms involved in the expression of inflammatory target proteins associated with the respiratory diseases. Knowledge of the mechanisms of inflammation regulation could lead to the pharmacological manipulation of anti-inflammatory drugs in the respiratory diseases.
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Foster JG, Blunt MD, Carter E, Ward SG. Inhibition of PI3K signaling spurs new therapeutic opportunities in inflammatory/autoimmune diseases and hematological malignancies. Pharmacol Rev 2013; 64:1027-54. [PMID: 23023033 DOI: 10.1124/pr.110.004051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphoinositide 3-kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin/protein kinase B (PI3K/mTOR/Akt) signaling pathway is central to a plethora of cellular mechanisms in a wide variety of cells including leukocytes. Perturbation of this signaling cascade is implicated in inflammatory and autoimmune disorders as well as hematological malignancies. Proteins within the PI3K/mTOR/Akt pathway therefore represent attractive targets for therapeutic intervention. There has been a remarkable evolution of PI3K inhibitors in the past 20 years from the early chemical tool compounds to drugs that are showing promise as anticancer agents in clinical trials. The use of animal models and pharmacological tools has expanded our knowledge about the contribution of individual class I PI3K isoforms to immune cell function. In addition, class II and III PI3K isoforms are emerging as nonredundant regulators of immune cell signaling revealing potentially novel targets for disease treatment. Further complexity is added to the PI3K/mTOR/Akt pathway by a number of novel signaling inputs and feedback mechanisms. These can present either caveats or opportunities for novel drug targets. Here, we consider recent advances in 1) our understanding of the contribution of individual PI3K isoforms to immune cell function and their relevance to inflammatory/autoimmune diseases as well as lymphoma and 2) development of small molecules with which to inhibit the PI3K pathway. We also consider whether manipulating other proximal elements of the PI3K signaling cascade (such as class II and III PI3Ks or lipid phosphatases) are likely to be successful in fighting off different immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G Foster
- Inflammatory Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, UK.
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Hakim A, Adcock IM, Usmani OS. Corticosteroid resistance and novel anti-inflammatory therapies in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: current evidence and future direction. Drugs 2012; 72:1299-312. [PMID: 22731962 DOI: 10.2165/11634350-000000000-00000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Corticosteroids are widely used in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, in contrast to their use in mild-to-moderate asthma, they are much less effective in enhancing lung function and have little or no effect on controlling the underlying chronic inflammation. In most clinical trials in COPD patients, corticosteroids have shown little benefit as monotherapy, but have shown a greater clinical effect in combination with long-acting bronchodilators. Several mechanisms of corticosteroid resistance have been postulated, including a reduction in histone deacetylase (HDAC)-2 activity and expression, impaired corticosteroid activation of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and increased pro-inflammatory signalling pathways. Reversal of corticosteroid resistance in COPD patients by restoring HDAC2 levels has proved effective in a small study, and long-term studies are needed to determine whether novel HDAC2 activators or theophylline improve disease progression, exacerbations or mortality. Advances in the understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of corticosteroid resistance in COPD pathophysiology have supported the development of new emerging classes of anti-inflammatory drugs in COPD treatment. These include treatments such as inhibitors of phosphoinositide-3-kinase-delta (PI3Kδ), phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and therapeutic agents such as chemokine receptor antagonists. Of these, PI3Kδ, PDE4, p38 MAPK inhibitors and chemokine receptor antagonists are in clinical patient trials. Of importance, patient adverse effects associated with oral administration of these novel agents needs to be addressed in order to optimize therapy and patient compliance. Combinations of these drugs with corticosteroids may have additional benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hakim
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London and Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
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Jang HY, Kwon OK, Oh SR, Lee HK, Ahn KS, Chin YW. Mangosteen xanthones mitigate ovalbumin-induced airway inflammation in a mouse model of asthma. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:4042-50. [PMID: 22943973 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Revised: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
α- and γ-Mangostin, which are the major xanthones purified from a Mangosteen, Garcinia mangostana Linn., exhibit a wide range of anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. Here, we assessed their therapeutic effects in a mouse model of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic asthma. Animals were treated with α- and γ-mangostins orally for 3 days at doses of 10 and 30 mg/kg daily, 1h before the OVA challenge. Administration of α- and γ-mangostins significantly reduced the major pathophysiological features of allergic asthma, including inflammatory cell recruitment into the airway, airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), and increased levels of Th2 cytokines. In addition, α- and γ-mangostins attenuated the increases in phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) activity, phosphorylation of Akt, and NF-κB in nuclear protein extracts after OVA challenge. In conclusion, α- and γ-mangostin may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Young Jang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gun, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea
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Kämpe M, Lampinen M, Stolt I, Janson C, Stålenheim G, Carlson M. PI3-kinase regulates eosinophil and neutrophil degranulation in patients with allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma irrespective of allergen challenge model. Inflammation 2012; 35:230-9. [PMID: 21384093 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-011-9309-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The PI3K pathway plays a major role in many vital cell processes. Our primary aim was to investigate signalling through PI3K for in vitro degranulation from allergen-primed eosinophils and neutrophils in allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma after seasonal and experimental allergen challenge. Nine patients with allergic rhinitis, eight with allergic asthma and four controls were studied during birch pollen season and after nasal and bronchial allergen challenge. Primed blood eosinophils and neutrophils were stimulated for in vitro degranulation with C3b-coated Sephadex particles, after prior incubation with Wortmannin, a PI3K inhibitor. The released amounts of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were measured by radioimmunoassay. Wortmannin (10(-6) to 10(-9) M) inhibited ECP, EPO and MPO release in a dose-dependent manner in allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma in all three allergen challenge models. Inhibition of ECP release tended to be lower in the asthmatics in all allergen challenge models, statistically significant compared to the controls during season for 10(-8) M Wortmannin (p=0.01). A clear propensity towards less inhibition in the rhinitic patients was seen after nasal and bronchial challenge compared to seasonal exposure, significant for ECP (10(-8) M Wortmannin; p=0.034 and 0.002, respectively). Signalling through PI3K is clearly involved in ECP, EPO and MPO release in allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma irrespective of allergen challenge model. Allergic asthma demonstrated less inhibition of ECP release via PI3K during pollen season, indicating that other pathways play a greater role in eosinophil degranulation in allergic asthma than allergic rhinitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Kämpe
- Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Uppsala University, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Kim DI, Kim SR, Kim HJ, Lee SJ, Lee HB, Park SJ, Im MJ, Lee YC. PI3K-γ Inhibition Ameliorates Acute Lung Injury Through Regulation of IκBα/NF-κB Pathway and Innate Immune Responses. J Clin Immunol 2011; 32:340-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s10875-011-9628-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Abstract
Phosphoinositide-3 kinases (PI3Ks) are critical regulatory proteins in the immunologic defense system against sepsis. The PI3K mechanism helps modulate cellular survival, innate and adaptive immunities, inflammation, nuclear factor-κB transcription, and may, in turn, play a protective role in sepsis. Animal studies confirm its role in the prevention of organ dysfunction and improvement of survival outcomes. Further advances in the understanding of this key immunomodulatory pathway may provide valuable insights into the manipulation of cellular function for therapeutic treatment of sepsis and other inflammatory diseases.
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Phosphoinositide 3-kinase γ mediates chemotactic responses of human eosinophils to platelet-activating factor. Int Immunopharmacol 2010; 10:1017-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2010.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2010] [Revised: 05/27/2010] [Accepted: 05/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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The absence of functional PI3Kγ prevents leukocyte recruitment and ameliorates DSS-induced colitis in mice. Immunol Lett 2010; 131:33-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2010.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2010] [Revised: 03/05/2010] [Accepted: 03/16/2010] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Xue L, Barrow A, Pettipher R. Novel Function of CRTH2 in Preventing Apoptosis of Human Th2 Cells through Activation of the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Pathway. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 182:7580-6. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0804090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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The role of the inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatases in cellular function and human disease. Biochem J 2009; 419:29-49. [PMID: 19272022 DOI: 10.1042/bj20081673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Phosphoinositides are membrane-bound signalling molecules that regulate cell proliferation and survival, cytoskeletal reorganization and vesicular trafficking by recruiting effector proteins to cellular membranes. Growth factor or insulin stimulation induces a canonical cascade resulting in the transient phosphorylation of PtdIns(4,5)P(2) by PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) to form PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3), which is rapidly dephosphorylated either by PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10) back to PtdIns(4,5)P(2), or by the 5-ptases (inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatases), generating PtdIns(3,4)P(2). The 5-ptases also hydrolyse PtdIns(4,5)P(2), forming PtdIns4P. Ten mammalian 5-ptases have been identified, which share a catalytic mechanism similar to that of the apurinic/apyrimidinic endonucleases. Gene-targeted deletion of 5-ptases in mice has revealed that these enzymes regulate haemopoietic cell proliferation, synaptic vesicle recycling, insulin signalling, endocytosis, vesicular trafficking and actin polymerization. Several studies have revealed that the molecular basis of Lowe's syndrome is due to mutations in the 5-ptase OCRL (oculocerebrorenal syndrome of Lowe). Futhermore, the 5-ptases SHIP [SH2 (Src homology 2)-domain-containing inositol phosphatase] 2, SKIP (skeletal muscle- and kidney-enriched inositol phosphatase) and 72-5ptase (72 kDa 5-ptase)/Type IV/Inpp5e (inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase E) are implicated in negatively regulating insulin signalling and glucose homoeostasis in specific tissues. SHIP2 polymorphisms are associated with a predisposition to insulin resistance. Gene profiling studies have identified changes in the expression of various 5-ptases in specific cancers. In addition, 5-ptases such as SHIP1, SHIP2 and 72-5ptase/Type IV/Inpp5e regulate macrophage phagocytosis, and SHIP1 also controls haemopoietic cell proliferation. Therefore the 5-ptases are a significant family of signal-modulating enzymes that govern a plethora of cellular functions by regulating the levels of specific phosphoinositides. Emerging studies have implicated their loss or gain of function in human disease.
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Park SJ, Min KH, Lee YC. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase delta inhibitor as a novel therapeutic agent in asthma. Respirology 2009; 13:764-71. [PMID: 18811876 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2008.01369.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Multiple signal transduction pathways are involved in airway inflammation with one of the key signalling pathways being phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). Numerous components of the PI3K pathway play an important role in the expression and activation of inflammatory mediators, inflammatory cell recruitment, immune cell function, airway remodelling and corticosteroid insensitivity in asthma. More recently studies exploring the specific roles of different PI3K catalytic subunit isoforms in asthma have been initiated. Several of these have highlighted the importance of p110delta isoform as a novel target for therapeutic intervention in asthma. In this review the biological role of PI3Ks, especially PI3Kdelta, are highlighted and the therapeutic potential of selective PI3Kdelta inhibitor in asthma discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoung J Park
- Department of Internal Medicine and Airway Remodeling Laboratory, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, South Korea
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Lim DH, Cho JY, Song DJ, Lee SY, Miller M, Broide DH. PI3K gamma-deficient mice have reduced levels of allergen-induced eosinophilic inflammation and airway remodeling. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2008; 296:L210-9. [PMID: 19028980 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.90275.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we have examined the role of phosphoinositide 3 kinase gamma (PI3Kgamma), a class Ib PI3K, in contributing to airway remodeling utilizing PI3Kgamma-deficient mice exposed to chronic allergen challenge. Wild-type (WT) mice sensitized to ovalbumin (OVA) and chronically challenged with OVA for 1 mo developed significantly increased levels of eosinophilic inflammation and airway remodeling. In contrast, PI3Kgamma-deficient mice challenged with OVA had significantly reduced numbers of bronchoalveolar lavage and peribronchial eosinophils compared with WT mice. There was no significant difference in the number of bone marrow or circulating peripheral blood eosinophils when comparing WT mice and PI3Kgamma-deficient mice, suggesting that trafficking of eosinophils into the lung was reduced in PI3Kgamma-deficient mice. PI3Kgamma-deficient and WT mice had similar levels of IL-5 and eotaxin-1. The reduced eosinophil recruitment to the airway in PI3Kgamma-deficient mice challenged with OVA was associated with significantly reduced numbers of TGF-beta1+ peribronchial cells, reduced numbers of pSmad 2/3+ airway epithelial cells, and pSmad 2/3+ peribronchial cells, as well as significantly reduced levels of peribronchial fibrosis (quantitated by trichrome staining and image analysis as well as by lung collagen levels). In addition, the area of peribronchial alpha-smooth muscle staining was significantly reduced in PI3Kgamma-deficient compared with WT mice. Overall, this study demonstrates an important role for PI3Kgamma in mediating allergen-induced eosinophilic airway inflammation and airway remodeling, suggesting that PI3Kgamma may be a novel therapeutic target in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Hyun Lim
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
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Ammit AJ, Burgess JK, Hirst SJ, Hughes JM, Kaur M, Lau JY, Zuyderduyn S. The effect of asthma therapeutics on signalling and transcriptional regulation of airway smooth muscle function. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2008; 22:446-54. [PMID: 19022391 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2008.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2008] [Revised: 10/02/2008] [Accepted: 10/22/2008] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE OF THE REVIEW Our knowledge of the multifunctional nature of airway smooth muscle (ASM) has expanded rapidly in the last decade, but the underlying molecular mechanisms and how current therapies for obstructive airway diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), affect these are still being elucidated. Our current knowledge has built on the pharmacology of human ASM contraction and relaxation established prior to that and which is reviewed in detail elsewhere in this issue. The advent of methods to isolate and culture ASM cells, especially human ASM cells, has made it possible to study how they may contribute to airway remodelling through their synthetic, proliferative, and migratory capacities. Now the underlying molecular mechanisms of ASM growth factor secretion, extracellular matrix (ECM) production, proliferation and migration, as well as contraction and relaxation, are being determined. A complex network of signalling pathways leading to gene transcription in ASM cells permits this functional plasticity in healthy and diseased airways. This review is an overview of the effects of current therapies, and some of those in development, on key signalling pathways and transcription factors involved in these ASM functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaina J Ammit
- Respiratory Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Konrad S, Ali SR, Wiege K, Syed SN, Engling L, Piekorz RP, Hirsch E, Nürnberg B, Schmidt RE, Gessner JE. Phosphoinositide 3-kinases gamma and delta, linkers of coordinate C5a receptor-Fcgamma receptor activation and immune complex-induced inflammation. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:33296-303. [PMID: 18786920 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m804617200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Fcgamma receptors (FcgammaR) and the C5a receptor (C5aR) are key effectors of the acute inflammatory response to IgG immune complexes (IC). Their coordinated activation is critical in IC-induced diseases, although the significance of combined signaling by these two different receptor classes in tissue injury is unclear. Here we used the mouse model of the passive reverse lung Arthus reaction to define their requirements for distinct phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) activities in vivo. We show that genetic deletion of class IB PI3Kgamma abrogates C5aR signaling that is crucial for FcgammaR-mediated activation of lung macrophages. Thus, in PI3Kgamma(-/-) mice, IgG IC-induced FcgammaR regulation, cytokine release, and neutrophil recruitment were blunted. Notably, however, C5a production occurred normally in PI3Kgamma(-/-) mice but was impaired in PI3Kdelta(-/-) mice. Consequently, class IA PI3Kdelta deficiency caused resistance to acute IC lung injury. These results demonstrate that PI3Kgamma and PI3Kdelta coordinate the inflammatory effects of C5aR and FcgammaR and define PI3Kdelta as a novel and essential element of FcgammaR signaling in the generation of C5a in IC disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Konrad
- Molecular Immunology Research Unit, Clinic for Immunology and Rheumatology, Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
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Taming the PI3K team to hold inflammation and cancer at bay. Pharmacol Ther 2008; 118:192-205. [PMID: 18420279 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2008.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2008] [Accepted: 02/19/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms of receptor signal transduction is continuously highlighting new unforeseen potential drug targets for yet unmet therapeutic needs. While the large number of different cell surface receptors challenge the concept of antagonists development, the finding of signal transduction platforms common to multiple receptor families has boosted the development of new therapeutic approaches. The identification of the role of phosphoinositide 3-kinase family members downstream receptors as directors of multiple cellular responses ranging from cell proliferation and survival to immunity and cardiovascular control, is an example of successful drug target validation studies. This review will focus on these findings and on the ongoing efforts to tame this family of enzymes to beat inflammation and cancer.
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Farghaly HSM, Blagbrough IS, Medina-Tato DA, Watson ML. Interleukin 13 increases contractility of murine tracheal smooth muscle by a phosphoinositide 3-kinase p110delta-dependent mechanism. Mol Pharmacol 2008; 73:1530-7. [PMID: 18276774 DOI: 10.1124/mol.108.045419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Th2 cytokine interleukin (IL) 13 can elicit a number of responses consistent with a key role in the pathogenesis of asthma. We have used pharmacological and genetic approaches to demonstrate the role of signaling via the class I phosphoinositide 3-kinase p110delta isoform in IL-13-induced hyper-responsiveness of murine tracheal smooth muscle contractility in vitro. IL-13 treatment of tracheal tissue is associated with an early activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), as assessed by phosphorylation of Akt. Tracheal smooth muscle contractility is enhanced by overnight incubation with IL-13, resulting in increased maximal contractions (E(max)) to carbachol (CCh) and KCl. Inhibition of PI3K by the non-isoform-selective inhibitors wortmannin or 2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one (LY294002), or the selective inhibitor of the PI3K p110delta isoform 2-(6-aminopurin-9-ylmethyl)-5-methyl-3-O-tolyl-3H-quinazolin-4-one (IC87114), prevented IL-13-induced hyper-responsiveness. Consistent with a role for PI3K p110delta in IL-13-induced hyper-responsiveness, IL-13 was unable to induce hyper-responsiveness in tissues from mice expressing the catalytically inactive form of p110delta (p110delta(D910A)). These data indicate that IL-13 contributes to tracheal smooth muscle hyper-responsiveness via the PI3K p110delta isoform. In addition to previously reported effects on airway inflammation, inhibition of PI3K p110delta may be a useful target for the treatment of asthma by preventing IL-13-induced airway smooth muscle hyper-responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan S M Farghaly
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
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