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Schilz JR, Dashner-Titus EJ, Luo L, Simmons KA, MacKenzie DA, Hudson LG. Co-exposure of sodium arsenite and uranyl acetate differentially alters gene expression in CD3/CD28 activated CD4+ T-cells. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:1917-1929. [PMID: 34926170 PMCID: PMC8649082 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Communities in the western region of the United States experience environmental exposure to metal mixtures from living in proximity to numerous unremediated abandoned uranium mines. Metals including arsenic and uranium co-occur in and around these sites at levels higher than the United States Environmental Protection Agency maximum contaminant levels. To address the potential effect of these metals on the activation of CD4+ T-cells, we used RNA sequencing methods to determine the effect of exposure to sodium arsenite (1 μM and 10 μM), uranyl acetate (3 μM and 30 μM) or a mixture of sodium arsenite and uranyl acetate (1 μM sodium arsenite + 3 μM uranyl acetate). Sodium arsenite induced a dose dependent effect on activation associated gene expression; targeting immune response genes at the lower dose. Increases in oxidative stress gene expression were observed with both sodium arsenite doses. While uranyl acetate alone did not significantly alter activation associated gene expression, the mixture of uranyl acetate with sodium arsenite demonstrated a combined effect relative to sodium arsenite alone. The results demonstrate the need to investigate metal and metalloid mixtures at environmentally relevant concentrations to better understand the toxicological impact of these mixtures on T-cell activation, function and immune dysregulation.
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Key Words
- APC, antigen presenting cell
- AUM, abandoned uranium mine
- Arsenic
- DEG, differentially expressed gene
- GCLM, glutamate-cysteine ligase
- HMOX1, heme oxygenase 1
- IFNγ, interferon gamma
- IL-2, interleukin 2
- MHC, major histone compatibility complex
- Mixture toxicology
- NQO1, NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase
- PCA, principal component analysis
- SOD1, super oxide dismutase 1
- T-lymphocytes
- TCR, T-cell receptor
- Th, T-helper
- Uranium
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi R. Schilz
- Division of Physical Therapy, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Erica J. Dashner-Titus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Li Luo
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Preventive Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Karen A. Simmons
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Debra A. MacKenzie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Laurie G. Hudson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
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Abstract
Polymyositis (PM) and dermatomyositis (DM) are different disease subtypes of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs). The main clinical features of PM and DM include progressive symmetric, predominantly proximal muscle weakness. Laboratory findings include elevated creatine kinase (CK), autoantibodies in serum, and inflammatory infiltrates in muscle biopsy. Dermatomyositis can also involve a characteristic skin rash. Both polymyositis and dermatomyositis can present with extramuscular involvement. The causative factor is agnogenic activation of immune system, leading to immunologic attacks on muscle fibers and endomysial capillaries. The treatment of choice is immunosuppression. PM and DM can be distinguished from other IIMs and myopathies by thorough history, physical examinations and laboratory evaluation and adherence to specific and up-to-date diagnosis criteria and classification standards. Treatment is based on correct diagnosis of these conditions. Challenges of diagnosis and management influences the clinical research and practice of Polymyositis and dermatomyositis. Diagnostic criteria have been updated and novel therapies have been developed in PM/DM. Pathogenesis investigation and diagnosis precision improvement may help to guide future treatment strategies.
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Key Words
- APC, antigen presenting cell
- AZA, Azathioprine
- CAM, cancer associated myositis
- CK, creatine kinase
- DM, dermatomyositis
- Dermatomyositis
- Diagnosis criteria
- EMG, electromyography
- HLA, human leukocyte antigen
- IIM, idiopathic inflammatory myopathies
- ILD, interstitial lung disease
- IV, intravenous
- Idiopathic inflammatory myopathy
- JDM, juvenile dermatomyositis
- MAA, myositis associated antibody
- MAC, membrane attack complex
- MHC, major histocompatibility complex
- MMF, mycophenolate mofetil
- MRI, magnetic resonance imaging
- MSA, myositis specific antibody
- MTX, methotrexate
- MUAP, motor unit action potential
- NAM, necrotizing autoimmune myopathy
- PM, polymyositis
- Polymyositis
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- Treatment
- Treg, regulatory T cell
- UVR, ultraviolet radiation
- sIBM, sporadic inclusion body myositis
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Han Yang
- Chronic Disease Laboratory, Institutes for Life Sciences and School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Christopher Chang
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.,Division of Pediatric Immunology and Allergy, Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital, Hollywood, FL, USA
| | - Zhe-Xiong Lian
- Chronic Disease Laboratory, Institutes for Life Sciences and School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dawn Queen
- Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Stephen L. Vance
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Larisa J. Geskin
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
- Correspondence to: Larisa J. Geskin, MD, 161 Fort Washington Ave, 12th Floor, New York, NY 10032.
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Patel B, Bansal SS, Ismahil MA, Hamid T, Rokosh G, Mack M, Prabhu SD. CCR2 + Monocyte-Derived Infiltrating Macrophages Are Required for Adverse Cardiac Remodeling During Pressure Overload. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 3:230-244. [PMID: 30062209 PMCID: PMC6059350 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hypothesis: CCR2+ monocyte-derived cardiac macrophages are required for adverse LV remodeling, cardiac T-cell expansion, and the transition to HF following pressure overload. The imposition of pressure overload via TAC resulted in the early up-regulation of CCL2, CCL7, and CCL12 chemokines in the LV, increased Ly6ChiCCR2+ monocytes in the blood, and augmented CCR2+ infiltrating macrophages in the heart. Specific and circumscribed inhibition of CCR2+ monocytes and macrophages early during pressure overload reduced pathological hypertrophy, fibrosis, and systolic dysfunction during the late phase of pressure overload. The early expansion of CCR2+ macrophages after pressure overload was required for long-term cardiac T-cell expansion. CCR2+ monocytes/macrophages may represent key targets for immunomodulation to delay or prevent HF in pressure-overload states.
Although chronic inflammation is a central feature of heart failure (HF), the immune cell profiles differ with different underlying causes. This suggests that for immunomodulatory therapy in HF to be successful, it needs to be tailored to the specific etiology. Here, the authors demonstrate that monocyte-derived C-C chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2)+ macrophages infiltrate the heart early during pressure overload in mice, and that blocking this response either pharmacologically or with antibody-mediated CCR2+ monocyte depletion alleviates late pathological left ventricular remodeling and dysfunction, T-cell expansion, and cardiac fibrosis. Hence, suppression of CCR2+ monocytes/macrophages may be an important immunomodulatory therapeutic target to ameliorate pressure-overload HF.
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Key Words
- APC, antigen presenting cell
- BNP, B-type natriuretic peptide
- CCL, C-C motif chemokine ligand
- CCR2, C-C chemokine receptor 2
- DC, dendritic cell
- EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
- EF, ejection fraction
- HF, heart failure
- ICAM, intercellular adhesion molecule
- IFN, interferon
- IL, interleukin
- LN, lymph node
- LV, left ventricular
- MerTK, c-mer proto-oncogene tyrosine kinase
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- T cells
- TAC, transverse aortic constriction
- TGF, transforming growth factor
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- VCAM, vascular cell adhesion molecule
- cardiac remodeling
- heart failure
- i.p., intraperitoneally
- inflammation
- macrophages
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Affiliation(s)
- Bindiya Patel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease and Comprehensive Cardiovascular Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Shyam S Bansal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease and Comprehensive Cardiovascular Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Mohamed Ameen Ismahil
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease and Comprehensive Cardiovascular Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Tariq Hamid
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease and Comprehensive Cardiovascular Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Gregg Rokosh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease and Comprehensive Cardiovascular Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Matthias Mack
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sumanth D Prabhu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease and Comprehensive Cardiovascular Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Medical Service, Birmingham VAMC, Birmingham, Alabama
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Santone M, Aprea S, Wu TYH, Cooke MP, Mbow ML, Valiante NM, Rush JS, Dougan S, Avalos A, Ploegh H, De Gregorio E, Buonsanti C, D'Oro U. A new TLR2 agonist promotes cross-presentation by mouse and human antigen presenting cells. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 11:2038-50. [PMID: 26024409 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1027467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cross-presentation is the process by which professional APCs load peptides from an extracellularly derived protein onto class I MHC molecules to trigger a CD8(+) T cell response. The ability to enhance this process is therefore relevant for the development of antitumor and antiviral vaccines. We investigated a new TLR2-based adjuvant, Small Molecule Immune Potentiator (SMIP) 2.1, for its ability to stimulate cross-presentation. Using OVA as model antigen, we demonstrated that a SMIP2.1-adjuvanted vaccine formulation induced a greater CD8(+) T cell response, in terms of proliferation, cytokine production and cytolytic activity, than a non-adjuvanted vaccine. Moreover, using an OVA-expressing tumor model, we showed that the CTLs induced by the SMIP2.1 formulated vaccine inhibits tumor growth in vivo. Using a BCR transgenic mouse model we found that B cells could cross-present the OVA antigen when stimulated with SMIP2.1. We also used a flow cytometry assay to detect activation of human CD8(+) T cells isolated from human PBMCs of cytomegalovirus-seropositive donors. Stimulation with SMIP2.1 increased the capacity of human APCs, pulsed in vitro with the pp65 CMV protein, to activate CMV-specific CD8(+) T cells. Therefore, vaccination with an exogenous antigen formulated with SMIP2.1 is a successful strategy for the induction of a cytotoxic T cell response along with antibody production.
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Key Words
- APC, antigen presenting cell
- B cells
- BCR, B cell receptor
- CMV, cytomegalovirus
- CTL, cytotoxic t lymphocyte
- DC, dendritic cell
- HCMV, human CMV
- KO, knock out
- LN, lymph node
- MHC, major histocompatibility complex
- OVA, avalbumin
- PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cell
- SMIP, Small Molecule Immune Potentiator
- TLR, toll like receptor
- cross presentation/priming
- cytotoxic T cells
- dendritic cells
- vaccination
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Santone
- a Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics s.r.l. (a GlaxoSmithKline Company) ; Siena , Italy
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Lim KP, Chun NAL, Gan CP, Teo SH, Rahman ZAA, Abraham MT, Zain RB, Ponniah S, Cheong SC. Identification of immunogenic MAGED4B peptides for vaccine development in oral cancer immunotherapy. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2015; 10:3214-23. [PMID: 25483651 DOI: 10.4161/hv.29226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The ever-increasing number of tumor-associated antigens has provided a major stimulus for the development of therapeutic peptides vaccines. Tumor-associated peptides can induce high immune response rates and have been developed as vaccines for several types of solid tumors, and many are at various stages of clinical testing. MAGED4B, a melanoma antigen, is overexpressed in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and this expression promotes proliferation and cell migration. In this study, we have identified 9 short peptides derived from MAGED4B protein that are restricted in binding to the HLA subtypes common in the Asian population (HLA-A2, A11, and A24). The peptides had good binding affinity with the MHC-Class I molecules and stimulated ex-vivo IFN-gamma and Granzyme-B production in blood samples from OSCC patients, suggesting that they are immunogenic. Further, T cells stimulated with peptide-pulsed dendritic cells showed enhanced T-cell cytotoxic activity against MAGED4B-overexpressing OSCC cell lines. In summary, we have identified MAGED4B peptides that induce anti-tumor immune responses advocating that they could be further developed as vaccine candidates for the treatment of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kue Peng Lim
- a Oral Cancer Research Team; Cancer Research Initiatives Foundation (CARIF) ; Subang Jaya , Selangor , Malaysia
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Abstract
The identification of tumor-associated antigens (TAA) has made possible the development of antigen-specific cancer immunotherapies such as tecemotide. One of those is mucin 1 (MUC1), a cell membrane glycoprotein expressed on some epithelial tissues such as breast and lung. In cancer, MUC1 becomes overexpressed and aberrantly glycosylated, exposing the immunogenic tandem repeat units in the extracellular domain of MUC1. Designed to target tumor associated MUC1, tecemotide is being evaluated in Phase III clinical trials for treatment of unresectable stage IIIA/IIIB non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) as maintenance therapy following chemoradiotherapy. Additional Phase II studies in other indications are ongoing. This review discusses the preclinical and clinical development of tecemotide, ongoing preclinical studies of tecemotide in human MUC1 transgenic mouse models of breast and lung cancer, and the potential application of these models for optimizing the timing of chemoradiotherapy and tecemotide immunotherapy to achieve the best treatment outcome for patients.
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Key Words
- ADT, androgen deprivation therapy
- APC, antigen presenting cell
- ASI, active specific immunotherapy
- BSC, best supportive care
- CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen
- CI, confidence interval
- CONSORT, consolidated standards of reporting trials
- CPA, cyclophosphamide
- CRT, chemoradiotherapy
- CTL, Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte
- Chemoradiotherapy
- DMPG, Dimyristoyl phosphatidylglycerol
- DPPC, Dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine
- DTH, delayed-type hypersensitivity
- ECOG, Eastern cooperative oncology group
- ELISpot, enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot
- FACT-L, functional assessment of cancer therapy-lung
- Gy, gray
- HLA, human lymphocyte antigen
- HR, hazard ratio
- IFN-γ, interferon gamma
- IL-2, Interleukin 2
- INSPIRE, stimuvax trial in Asian NSCLC patients: stimulating immune response
- ITT, intent to treat
- IgG, immunoglobulin G
- KLH, keyhole limpet hemocyanin
- LICC, L-BLP25 in colorectal cancer
- LR, locoregional
- MAP, multiple antigenic peptide
- MHC, major histocompatibility complex
- MMT, muc1-expressing mammary tumor
- MPLA, monophosphoryl lipid A
- MUC1
- MUC1, Mucin 1
- MUC1.Tg, MUC1 transgenic
- NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer
- OH-BBN, N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine
- OS, overall survival
- PBL, peripheral blood lymphocytes
- PCR, pathological complete remission
- PSA, prostate specific antigen
- PyV-mT, polyomavirus middle-T
- QOL, quality of life
- RCB, residual cancer burden
- RECIST, response evaluation criteria in solid tumors
- RTX, radiotherapy
- START, stimulating targeted antigenic responses to NSCLC
- TAA, tumor associated antigen
- TGF-β, transforming growth factor β
- TH1, T-helper type I
- TH2, T-helper type II
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α
- TOI, trial outcome index
- VNTR, variable number of tandem repeats
- i.v., intravenous
- immunotherapy
- non-small cell lung cancer
- tecemotide
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory T Wurz
- a University of California , Davis; Department of Internal Medicine; Division of Hematology and Oncology ; Sacramento , CA USA
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8
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Suryadevara CM, Gedeon PC, Sanchez-Perez L, Verla T, Alvarez-Breckenridge C, Choi BD, Fecci PE, Sampson JH. Are BiTEs the "missing link" in cancer therapy? Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e1008339. [PMID: 26155413 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1008339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional treatment for cancer routinely includes surgical resection and some combination of chemotherapy and radiation. These approaches are frequently accompanied by unintended and highly toxic collateral damage to healthy tissues, which are offset by only marginal prognostic improvements in patients with advanced cancers. This unfortunate balance has driven the development of novel therapies that aim to target tumors both safely and efficiently. Over the past decade, mounting evidence has supported the therapeutic utility of T-cell-centered cancer immunotherapy, which, in its various iterations, has been shown capable of eliciting highly precise and robust antitumor responses both in animal models and human trials. The identification of tumor-specific targets has further fueled a growing interest in T-cell therapies given their potential to circumvent the non-specific nature of traditional treatments. Of the several strategies geared toward achieving T-cell recognition of tumor, bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) represent a novel class of biologics that have garnered enthusiasm in recent years due to their versatility, specificity, safety, cost, and ease of production. Bispecific T-cell Engagers (BiTEs) are a subclass of bsAbs that are specific for CD3 on one arm and a tumor antigen on the second. As such, BiTEs function by recruiting and activating polyclonal populations of T-cells at tumor sites, and do so without the need for co-stimulation or conventional MHC recognition. Blinatumomab, a well-characterized BiTE, has emerged as a promising recombinant bscCD19×CD3 construct that has demonstrated remarkable antitumor activity in patients with B-cell malignancies. This clinical success has resulted in the rapid extension of BiTE technology against a greater repertoire of tumor antigens and the recent US Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) accelerated approval of blinatumomab for the treatment of a rare form of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). In this review, we dissect the role of T-cell therapeutics in the new era of cancer immunotherapy, appraise the value of CAR T-cells in the context of solid tumors, and discuss why the BiTE platform may rescue several of the apparent deficits and shortcomings of competing immunotherapies to support its widespread clinical application.
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Key Words
- ACT, adoptive cell therapy
- AICD, activation induced cell death
- ALL, acute lymphoblastic leukemia
- APC, antigen presenting cell
- BiTE, bispecific T-cell engager
- BsAb, bispecific antibody
- CAR, chimeric antigen receptors
- CHO, chinese hamster ovary
- CML, chronic myeloid leukemia
- GBM, glioblastoma
- MAb, monoclonal antibody
- MHC, major histocompatibility complex
- OS, overall survival
- ScFv, single chain variable fragment
- T lymphocytes
- TAA, tumor associated antigens
- TCR, T-cell receptor
- TIL, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes
- TREG, regulatory T-cells
- TSA, tumor specific antigens
- VV, vaccinia virus
- bispecific antibodies
- immunotherapy
- malignancies
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Affiliation(s)
- Carter M Suryadevara
- Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program; Division of Neurosurgery; Department of Surgery; Duke University Medical Center ; Durham, NC, USA ; Department of Pathology; Duke University Medical Center ; Durham, NC, USA ; The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center; Duke University Medical Center ; Durham, NC, USA
| | - Patrick C Gedeon
- Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program; Division of Neurosurgery; Department of Surgery; Duke University Medical Center ; Durham, NC, USA ; The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center; Duke University Medical Center ; Durham, NC, USA ; Department of Biomedical Engineering; Duke University ; Durham, NC, USA
| | - Luis Sanchez-Perez
- Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program; Division of Neurosurgery; Department of Surgery; Duke University Medical Center ; Durham, NC, USA ; The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center; Duke University Medical Center ; Durham, NC, USA
| | - Terence Verla
- Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program; Division of Neurosurgery; Department of Surgery; Duke University Medical Center ; Durham, NC, USA ; The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center; Duke University Medical Center ; Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Bryan D Choi
- Department of Neurosurgery; Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School ; Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter E Fecci
- Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program; Division of Neurosurgery; Department of Surgery; Duke University Medical Center ; Durham, NC, USA ; The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center; Duke University Medical Center ; Durham, NC, USA
| | - John H Sampson
- Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program; Division of Neurosurgery; Department of Surgery; Duke University Medical Center ; Durham, NC, USA ; Department of Pathology; Duke University Medical Center ; Durham, NC, USA ; The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center; Duke University Medical Center ; Durham, NC, USA ; Department of Biomedical Engineering; Duke University ; Durham, NC, USA
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9
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Zhu LX, Davoodi M, Srivastava MK, Kachroo P, Lee JM, St John M, Harris-White M, Huang M, Strieter RM, Dubinett S, Sharma S. GITR agonist enhances vaccination responses in lung cancer. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e992237. [PMID: 26137407 DOI: 10.4161/2162402x.2014.992237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
An immune tolerant tumor microenvironment promotes immune evasion of lung cancer. Agents that antagonize immune tolerance will thus aid the fight against this devastating disease. Members of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) family modulate the magnitude, duration and phenotype of immune responsiveness to antigens. Among these, GITR expressed on immune cells functions as a key regulator in inflammatory and immune responses. Here, we evaluate the GITR agonistic antibody (DTA-1) as a mono-therapy and in combination with therapeutic vaccination in murine lung cancer models. We found that DTA-1 treatment of tumor-bearing mice increased: (i) the frequency and activation of intratumoral natural killer (NK) cells and T lymphocytes, (ii) the antigen presenting cell (APC) activity in the tumor, and (iii) systemic T-cell specific tumor cell cytolysis. DTA-1 treatment enhanced tumor cell apoptosis as quantified by cleaved caspase-3 staining in the tumors. DTA-1 treatment increased expression of IFNγ, TNFα and IL-12 but reduced IL-10 levels in tumors. Furthermore, increased anti-angiogenic chemokines corresponding with decreased pro-angiogenic chemokine levels correlated with reduced expression of the endothelial cell marker Meca 32 in the tumors of DTA-1 treated mice. In accordance, there was reduced tumor growth (8-fold by weight) in the DTA-1 treatment group. NK cell depletion markedly inhibited the antitumor response elicited by DTA-1. DTA-1 combined with therapeutic vaccination caused tumor rejection in 38% of mice and a 20-fold reduction in tumor burden in the remaining mice relative to control. Mice that rejected tumors following therapy developed immunological memory against subsequent re-challenge. Our data demonstrates GITR agonist antibody activated NK cell and T lymphocyte activity, and enhanced therapeutic vaccination responses against lung cancer.
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Key Words
- APC
- APC, antigen presenting cell
- Ab, antibody
- BMA, bone marrow adherent
- CTL, cytotoxic T lymphocyte
- DC, dendritic cell
- DTA-1, anti-GITR antibody
- ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase
- GITR, glucocorticoid‐induced TNFR‐related gene;IFNγ, interferon γ
- JNK, janus kinase
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- MDSC, myeloid derived suppressor cell
- NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
- NK
- NK, natural killer
- P38, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(s)
- PD-1, programmed cell death protein 1
- PD-L1, programmed cell death ligand 1;TNFα, Interferon Alpha
- T cell activation
- TCR, T cell receptor
- TNFR, tumor necrosis factor receptor
- Treg, regulatory T cell
- lung cancer
- vaccination responses
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Affiliation(s)
- Li X Zhu
- Department of Medicine; UCLA Lung Cancer Research Program ; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA ; Los Angeles, CA USA ; Molecular Gene Medicine Laboratory; Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System ; Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Michael Davoodi
- Molecular Gene Medicine Laboratory; Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System ; Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Minu K Srivastava
- Department of Medicine; UCLA Lung Cancer Research Program ; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA ; Los Angeles, CA USA ; Molecular Gene Medicine Laboratory; Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System ; Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Puja Kachroo
- Department of Medicine; UCLA Lung Cancer Research Program ; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA ; Los Angeles, CA USA ; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA ; Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Jay M Lee
- Department of Medicine; UCLA Lung Cancer Research Program ; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA ; Los Angeles, CA USA ; Molecular Gene Medicine Laboratory; Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System ; Los Angeles, CA USA ; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA ; Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Maie St John
- Department of Medicine; UCLA Lung Cancer Research Program ; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA ; Los Angeles, CA USA ; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA ; Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Marni Harris-White
- Molecular Gene Medicine Laboratory; Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System ; Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Min Huang
- Department of Medicine; UCLA Lung Cancer Research Program ; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA ; Los Angeles, CA USA ; Molecular Gene Medicine Laboratory; Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System ; Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Robert M Strieter
- Department of Medicine; University of Virginia ; Charlottesville, VA USA
| | - Steven Dubinett
- Department of Medicine; UCLA Lung Cancer Research Program ; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA ; Los Angeles, CA USA ; Molecular Gene Medicine Laboratory; Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System ; Los Angeles, CA USA ; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA ; Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Sherven Sharma
- Department of Medicine; UCLA Lung Cancer Research Program ; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA ; Los Angeles, CA USA ; Molecular Gene Medicine Laboratory; Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System ; Los Angeles, CA USA ; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA ; Los Angeles, CA USA
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10
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Leone RD, Lo YC, Powell JD. A2aR antagonists: Next generation checkpoint blockade for cancer immunotherapy. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2015; 13:265-72. [PMID: 25941561 PMCID: PMC4415113 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The last several years have witnessed exciting progress in the development of immunotherapy for the treatment of cancer. This has been due in great part to the development of so-called checkpoint blockade. That is, antibodies that block inhibitory receptors such as CTLA-4 and PD-1 and thus unleash antigen-specific immune responses against tumors. It is clear that tumors evade the immune response by usurping pathways that play a role in negatively regulating normal immune responses. In this regard, adenosine in the immune microenvironment leading to the activation of the A2a receptor has been shown to represent one such negative feedback loop. Indeed, the tumor microenvironment has relatively high concentrations of adenosine. To this end, blocking A2a receptor activation has the potential to markedly enhance anti-tumor immunity in mouse models. This review will present data demonstrating the ability of A2a receptor blockade to enhance tumor vaccines, checkpoint blockade and adoptive T cell therapy. Also, as several recent studies have demonstrated that under certain conditions A2a receptor blockade can enhance tumor progression, we will also explore the complexities of adenosine signaling in the immune response. Despite important nuances to the A2a receptor pathway that require further elucidation, studies to date strongly support the development of A2a receptor antagonists (some of which have already been tested in phase III clinical trials for Parkinson Disease) as novel modalities in the immunotherapy armamentarium.
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Key Words
- A2a adenosine receptor
- A2aR, adenosine A2a receptor
- APC, antigen presenting cell
- CTLA-4, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4
- DLBCL, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
- Hif1-alpha, hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha
- Immune checkpoint
- Immunotherapy
- LAG-3, lymphocyte-activation gene 3
- NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer
- ORR, overall response rate
- OS, overall survival
- PD-1
- PD-1, programmed cell death 1
- PD-L1, programmed cell death ligand 1
- T cell
- TFS, tumor free survival
- TIM-3, T-cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain 3
- Treg, regulatory T cell
- Tumor
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Leone
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Ying-Chun Lo
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Jonathan D Powell
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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11
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Zhang G, Huang H, Zhu Y, Yu G, Gao X, Xu Y, Liu C, Hou J, Zhang X. A novel subset of B7-H3 +CD14 +HLA-DR -/low myeloid-derived suppressor cells are associated with progression of human NSCLC. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e977164. [PMID: 25949876 DOI: 10.4161/2162402x.2014.977164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) potently inhibit antitumor immune responses, and thereby promoti tumor progression and metastasis. However, the nature of human tumor-infiltrating MDSC remains poorly characterized. Here, we find B7-H3 is exclusively expressed on a subset of intratumoral CD14+HLA-DR-/low MDSC but absent from adjacent normal lung tissues of patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Cytokine analysis revealed that B7-H3+CD14+HLA-DR-/low MDSC (B7-H3+MDSC) produced higher levels of IL-10 and TNFα but lower levels of IL-1β and IL-6 when compared with B7-H3-CD14+HLA-DR-/low myeloid-derived suppressor cells (B7-H3-MDSC). In a murine lung cancer model, B7-H3+MDSCs were found only in the tumor microenvironment and their frequencies increased during tumor progression. Clinical data analysis indicated that a higher frequency of B7-H3+MDSCs was associated with reduced recurrence-free survival in patients with NSCLC. Taken together, we identify a novel subset of MDSCs within the tumor microenvironment that fosters tumor progression.
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Key Words
- APC, antigen presenting cell
- B7-H3
- B7-H3+MDSC, B7-H3+CD14+HLA-DR−/low MDSC
- B7-H3−MDSC, B7-H3−CD14+HLA-DR−/low MDSC
- BM, bone marrow
- DC, dendritic cell
- EAE, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
- FACS, Fluorescence activated cell sorter
- LLC, Lewis Lung Carcinoma
- MDSC
- MDSC, Myeloid-derived suppressor cell
- NSCLC, Non-small cell lung carcinoma
- RT-qPCR, real-time quantitative PCR
- Treg
- Tumor microenvironment
- mTGFβ, membrane-bound TGFβ
- non-small cell lung cancer
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangbo Zhang
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory; Soochow University ; Suzhou, China ; Institute of Medical Biotechnology; Soochow University ; Suzhou, China
| | - Haitao Huang
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology; Soochow University ; Suzhou, China ; Department of Thoracic Surgery; The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University ; Suzhou, China
| | - Yibei Zhu
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology; Soochow University ; Suzhou, China
| | - Gehua Yu
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology; Soochow University ; Suzhou, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology; Soochow University ; Suzhou, China
| | - Yunyun Xu
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology; Soochow University ; Suzhou, China
| | - Cuiping Liu
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory; Soochow University ; Suzhou, China
| | - Jianquan Hou
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory; Soochow University ; Suzhou, China
| | - Xueguang Zhang
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory; Soochow University ; Suzhou, China ; Institute of Medical Biotechnology; Soochow University ; Suzhou, China
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12
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Banerjee S, Halder K, Ghosh S, Bose A, Majumdar S. The combination of a novel immunomodulator with a regulatory T cell suppressing antibody (DTA-1) regress advanced stage B16F10 solid tumor by repolarizing tumor associated macrophages in situ. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e995559. [PMID: 25949923 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2014.995559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor associated macrophages and tumor infiltrating regulatory T cells greatly hamper host-protective antitumor responses. Therefore, we utilized a novel immunomodulator, heat-killed Mycobacterium indicus pranii (Mw), to repolarize TAM and an agonistic GITR antibody (DTA-1) to reduce intratumoral regulatory T cell frequency for generation of a host-protective antitumor response. Although, the combination of Mw and DTA-1was found to be effective against advanced stage tumors, however, Mw or DTA-1 failed to do so when administered individually. The presence of high level of regulatory T cells abrogated the only Mw induced antitumor functions, whereas only DTA-1 treatment was found to be ineffective due to its inability to induce TAM repolarization in vivo. The combination therapy was found to be effective since DTA-1 treatment reduced the frequency of regulatory T cells to such an extent where they could not attenuate Mw induced TAM repolarization in vivo. Therefore, the combination therapy involving Mw and DTA-1 may be utilized to the success of advanced stage solid tumor immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kuntal Halder
- Division of Molecular Medicine; Bose Institute ; Kolkata, India
| | - Sweta Ghosh
- Division of Molecular Medicine; Bose Institute ; Kolkata, India
| | - Anamika Bose
- Division of Molecular Medicine; Bose Institute ; Kolkata, India
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13
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Fang H, Yamaguchi R, Liu X, Daigo Y, Yew PY, Tanikawa C, Matsuda K, Imoto S, Miyano S, Nakamura Y. Quantitative T cell repertoire analysis by deep cDNA sequencing of T cell receptor α and β chains using next-generation sequencing (NGS). Oncoimmunology 2015; 3:e968467. [PMID: 25964866 DOI: 10.4161/21624011.2014.968467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune responses play a critical role in various disease conditions including cancer and autoimmune diseases. However, to date, there has not been a rapid, sensitive, comprehensive, and quantitative analysis method to examine T-cell or B-cell immune responses. Here, we report a new approach to characterize T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire by sequencing millions of cDNA of TCR α and β chains in combination with a newly-developed algorithm. Using samples from lung cancer patients treated with cancer peptide vaccines as a model, we demonstrate that detailed information of the V-(D)-J combination along with complementary determining region 3 (CDR3) sequences can be determined. We identified extensive abnormal splicing of TCR transcripts in lung cancer samples, indicating the dysfunctional splicing machinery in T lymphocytes by prior chemotherapy. In addition, we found three potentially novel TCR exons that have not been described previously in the reference genome. This newly developed TCR NGS platform can be applied to better understand immune responses in many disease areas including immune disorders, allergies, and organ transplantations.
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Key Words
- APC, antigen presenting cell
- CDCA1, cell division cycle-associated protein 1
- CDR3, complementary determining region 3
- CTL, cytotoxic T lymphocytes
- CTLA-4, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4
- ELISPOT, enzyme-linked immunospot
- FDA, Food and Drug Administration
- IFA, incomplete Freund's adjuvant
- IFNγ, γ-interferon
- IRB, institutional review board
- KIF20A, kinesin family member 20A
- LY6K, lymphocyte antigen 6 complex locus K
- MHC, major histocompatibility complex
- NGS, Next Generation Sequencing
- NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer
- ORF, Open reading frames
- OS, overall survival
- PBL, peripheral blood lymphocyte
- PGM, Personal Genome Machine
- RACE, rapid amplification of cDNA end
- T cell repertoire
- TCR, T cell receptor
- cancer peptide vaccines
- complementary determining region 3
- immune responses
- next-generation sequencing
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Fang
- Committee on Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics; The University of Chicago ; Chicago, IL USA ; Section of Hematology/Oncology; Department of Medicine; The University of Chicago ; Chicago, IL USA
| | - Rui Yamaguchi
- Human Genome Center; Institute of Medical Science; The University of Tokyo ; Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xiao Liu
- Section of Hematology/Oncology; Department of Medicine; The University of Chicago ; Chicago, IL USA
| | - Yataro Daigo
- Department of Medical Oncology; Shiga University of Medical Science Hospital ; Shiga, Japan
| | - Poh Yin Yew
- Section of Hematology/Oncology; Department of Medicine; The University of Chicago ; Chicago, IL USA
| | - Chizu Tanikawa
- Human Genome Center; Institute of Medical Science; The University of Tokyo ; Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Matsuda
- Human Genome Center; Institute of Medical Science; The University of Tokyo ; Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiya Imoto
- Human Genome Center; Institute of Medical Science; The University of Tokyo ; Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Miyano
- Human Genome Center; Institute of Medical Science; The University of Tokyo ; Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakamura
- Committee on Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics; The University of Chicago ; Chicago, IL USA ; Section of Hematology/Oncology; Department of Medicine; The University of Chicago ; Chicago, IL USA ; Department of Surgery; The University of Chicago ; Chicago, IL USA ; Center for Personalized Therapeutics; The University of Chicago ; Chicago, IL, USA
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14
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Parmiani G, Pilla L, Corti A, Doglioni C, Cimminiello C, Bellone M, Parolini D, Russo V, Capocefalo F, Maccalli C. A pilot Phase I study combining peptide-based vaccination and NGR-hTNF vessel targeting therapy in metastatic melanoma. Oncoimmunology 2014; 3:e963406. [PMID: 25941591 DOI: 10.4161/21624011.2014.963406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Administration of NGR-TNF, a tumor vessel-targeting and tumor necrosis factor α TNFα) peptide conjugate, with immunotherapy has been shown to inhibit tumor growth in mice. Thus, we planned a Phase I pilot clinical trial to assess safety, immune and clinical response of this combination treatment for advanced melanoma. NA17.A2 and MAGE-3.A1 peptides were used as vaccine. HLA-A*0201 or HLA-A*01 metastatic melanoma patients received human NGR-hTNF i.v. alternating with s.c. weekly injections of either of the peptides emulsified in Montanide. The T-cell response was assessed ex-vivo using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) before, during and after therapy. The serum level of chromogranin A (CgA), soluble TNF receptors (sTNFR1/2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and MIP-1β and MCP-1 chemokines, was determined. In 3 subjects, pre- and post-treatment tumor lesions were examined by immunohistochemistry. Clinically, chills were observed in 4 patients during NGR-hTNF infusion and erythema at vaccination site was seen in 7 patients. T-cell response against the vaccine or against other melanoma-associated antigens was detectable after treatment in 6 out of 7 tested patients. Low level or reduction of CgA and sTNFR and increase of MIP-1β and MCP-1 were found in patients sera. In the lesions examined the immune infiltrate was scanty but macrophage number increased in post-therapy lesions. From a clinical standpoint, a long term survival (>4 months) was found in 6 out of 8 evaluable patients (4, 4, 7, 11, 23+, 25+, 25+, 29+ months). The combination of NGR-hTNF and vaccine in metastatic melanoma patients was well tolerated, often associated with an ex-vivo T cell response and long-term overall survival. These findings warrant confirmation in a larger group of patients.
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Key Words
- APC, antigen presenting cell
- CT, cancer/testis
- CgA, chromogranin A
- DFS, disease-free survival
- MAA, melanoma-associated antigens
- MCP-1, macrophage chemoattractant protein 1
- MIP-1β, macrophage inflammatory protein 1β; OS, overall survival
- PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cell
- PD, progression of disease
- PFS, progression-free survival
- RR, response rate
- T cells
- TNFα, tumor necrosis factor α
- anti-vascular target therapy
- combination therapy
- inflammatory cytokines
- melanoma
- peptide-based vaccines
- sTNFR, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Parmiani
- Unit of Immuno-biotherapy of Melanoma and Solid Tumors; San Raffaele Foundation Research Institute ; Via Olgettina , Milan
| | - Lorenzo Pilla
- Unit of Immuno-biotherapy of Melanoma and Solid Tumors; San Raffaele Foundation Research Institute ; Via Olgettina , Milan
| | - Angelo Corti
- Unit of Tumor Biology and Vascular Targeting; San Raffaele Foundation Research Institute ; Via Olgettina , Milan
| | - Claudio Doglioni
- Unit of Pathology; San Raffaele Foundation Research Institute ; Via Olgettina , Milan
| | - Carolina Cimminiello
- Unit of Immuno-biotherapy of Melanoma and Solid Tumors; San Raffaele Foundation Research Institute ; Via Olgettina , Milan
| | - Matteo Bellone
- Unit of Cellular Immunology; San Raffaele Foundation Research Institute ; Via Olgettina , Milan
| | - Danilo Parolini
- Unit of Gastrointestinal Surgery; San Raffaele Foundation Research Institute ; Via Olgettina , Milan
| | - Vincenzo Russo
- Unit of Cancer Gene Therapy; San Raffaele Foundation Research Institute ; Via Olgettina , Milan
| | - Filippo Capocefalo
- Unit of Immuno-biotherapy of Melanoma and Solid Tumors; San Raffaele Foundation Research Institute ; Via Olgettina , Milan
| | - Cristina Maccalli
- Unit of Immuno-biotherapy of Melanoma and Solid Tumors; San Raffaele Foundation Research Institute ; Via Olgettina , Milan
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15
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Hosoba S, Harris WA, Lin KL, Waller EK. Chemokine and lymph node homing receptor expression on pDC vary by graft source. Oncoimmunology 2014; 3:e958957. [PMID: 25941585 DOI: 10.4161/21624011.2014.958957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A randomized clinical trial of BM vs. blood stem cell transplants from unrelated donors showed that more plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) in BM grafts was associated with better post-transplant survival. Here, we describe differences in homing-receptor expression on pDC to explain observed differences following BM vs. blood stem cell transplantation.
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Key Words
- APC, antigen presenting cell
- BDCA, blood dendritic cell antigen
- BM, bone marrow
- BMTCTN, Bone Marrow Transplantation Clinical Trial Network
- CCR, C chemokine receptor
- CD, cluster of differentiation
- CXCR, CX chemokine receptor
- G-CSF, granulocyte colony stimulating factor
- GVHD, graft vs. host disease
- GVL, graft vs. leukemia
- HEV, high endothelial venule
- HLA-DR, human lymphocyte antigen-DR
- IRB, institutional review board
- Lin, lineage
- PAM, pathogen associated molecular
- PB, peripheral blood
- PRR, pattern recognition receptor
- allo-HSCT, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
- antigen presenting
- chemokine receptor
- graft reject
- graft vs. host disease
- graft vs. leukemia effect
- pDC, plasmacytoid dendritic cell
- plasmacytoid dendritic cell
- stem cell transplantation
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakura Hosoba
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology; Division of Stem Cell and Bone Marrow Transplantation; Winship Cancer Institute; Emory University School of Medicine ; Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Wayne Ac Harris
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology; Division of Stem Cell and Bone Marrow Transplantation; Winship Cancer Institute; Emory University School of Medicine ; Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Kaifeng L Lin
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology; Division of Stem Cell and Bone Marrow Transplantation; Winship Cancer Institute; Emory University School of Medicine ; Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Edmund K Waller
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology; Division of Stem Cell and Bone Marrow Transplantation; Winship Cancer Institute; Emory University School of Medicine ; Atlanta, GA USA
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16
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Ranki T, Joensuu T, Jäger E, Karbach J, Wahle C, Kairemo K, Alanko T, Partanen K, Turkki R, Linder N, Lundin J, Ristimäki A, Kankainen M, Hemminki A, Backman C, Dienel K, von Euler M, Haavisto E, Hakonen T, Juhila J, Jaderberg M, Priha P, Vassilev L, Vuolanto A, Pesonen S. Local treatment of a pleural mesothelioma tumor with ONCOS-102 induces a systemic antitumor CD8 + T-cell response, prominent infiltration of CD8 + lymphocytes and Th1 type polarization. Oncoimmunology 2014; 3:e958937. [PMID: 25941579 PMCID: PMC4292415 DOI: 10.4161/21624011.2014.958937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Late stage cancer is often associated with reduced immune recognition and a highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. The presence of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and specific gene-signatures prior to treatment are linked to good prognosis, while the opposite is true for extensive immunosuppression. The use of adenoviruses as cancer vaccines is a form of active immunotherapy to initialise a tumor-specific immune response that targets the patient's unique tumor antigen repertoire. We report a case of a 68-year-old male with asbestos-related malignant pleural mesothelioma who was treated in a Phase I study with a granulocyte-macrophage colony‑stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-expressing oncolytic adenovirus, Ad5/3-D24-GMCSF (ONCOS-102). The treatment resulted in prominent infiltration of CD8+ lymphocytes to tumor, marked induction of systemic antitumor CD8+ T-cells and induction of Th1-type polarization in the tumor. These results indicate that ONCOS-102 treatment sensitizes tumors to other immunotherapies by inducing a T-cell positive phenotype to an initially T-cell negative tumor.
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Key Words
- APC, antigen presenting cell
- Adenovirus
- CCL2, (C-Cmotif) ligand 2
- CTCAE, common terminology criteria for adverse events
- CX3CL1, (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1
- CXCL10, (C-X-C motif) ligand 10
- CXCL9, (C-X-C motif) ligand 9
- ELISPOT, enzyme-linked immunospot assay
- GM-CSF
- GM-CSF, granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor
- IFNg, interferon gamma
- IRF1, interferon regulatory factor 1
- PET, positron emission tomography
- RANTES, regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted
- TILs, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes
- Th1 polarization
- VP, viral particle
- antitumor immunity
- cytotoxic immunotherapy
- tumor infiltrating lymphocytes
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elke Jäger
- Onkologie-Hämatologie; Krankenhaus Nordwest ; Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Julia Karbach
- Onkologie-Hämatologie; Krankenhaus Nordwest ; Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Claudia Wahle
- Onkologie-Hämatologie; Krankenhaus Nordwest ; Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Riku Turkki
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) ; Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nina Linder
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) ; Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johan Lundin
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) ; Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ari Ristimäki
- Division of Pathology; HUSLAB and Haartman Institute; Helsinki University Central Hospital ; Helsinki, Finland ; Genome-Scale Biology; Research Programs unit; University of Helsinki ; Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matti Kankainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) ; Helsinki, Finland
| | - Akseli Hemminki
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group; Haartman Institute; University of Helsinki ; Helsinki, Finland
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17
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Larsen SK, Ahmad SM, Idorn M, Met Ö, Martinenaite E, Svane IM, Straten PT, Andersen MH. Spontaneous presence of FOXO3-specific T cells in cancer patients. Oncoimmunology 2014; 3:e953411. [PMID: 25960934 DOI: 10.4161/21624011.2014.953411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we describe forkhead box O3 (FOXO3)-specific, cytotoxic CD8+ T cells existent among peripheral-blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of cancer patients. FOXO3 immunogenicity appears specific, as we did not detect reactivity toward FOXO3 among T cells in healthy individuals. FOXO3 may naturally serve as a target antigen for tumor-reactive T cells as it is frequently over-expressed in cancer cells. In addition, expression of FOXO3 plays a critical role in immunosuppression mediated by tumor-associated dendritic cells (TADCs). Indeed, FOXO3-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) were able to specifically recognize and kill both FOXO3-expressing cancer cells as well as dendritic cells. Thus, FOXO3 was processed and presented by HLA-A2 on the cell surface of both immune cells and cancer cells. As FOXO3 programs TADCs to become tolerogenic, FOXO3 signaling thereby comprises a significant immunosuppressive mechanism, such that FOXO3 targeting by means of specific T cells is an attractive clinical therapy to boost anticancer immunity. In addition, the natural occurrence of FOXO3-specific CTLs in the periphery suggests that these T cells hold a function in the complex network of immune regulation in cancer patients.
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Key Words
- APC, antigen presenting cell
- CTL
- CTL, cytotoxic T lymphocyte
- CTLA4, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4
- DC, dendritic cell
- FOXO3
- FOXO3, forkhead box O3
- IDO, indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase
- PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cell
- TADC, tumor-associated DCs
- TGFβ, tumor growth factor β
- TNFα, tumor necrosis factor α
- Tregs, regulatory T cell
- antigens
- immune regulation
- tumor-associated dendritic cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine Kiaer Larsen
- Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT); Department of Hematology; Copenhagen University Hospital ; Herlev ; Herlev, Denmark ; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Shamaila Munir Ahmad
- Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT); Department of Hematology; Copenhagen University Hospital ; Herlev ; Herlev, Denmark ; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Manja Idorn
- Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT); Department of Hematology; Copenhagen University Hospital ; Herlev ; Herlev, Denmark
| | - Özcan Met
- Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT); Department of Hematology; Copenhagen University Hospital ; Herlev ; Herlev, Denmark
| | - Evelina Martinenaite
- Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT); Department of Hematology; Copenhagen University Hospital ; Herlev ; Herlev, Denmark
| | - Inge Marie Svane
- Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT); Department of Hematology; Copenhagen University Hospital ; Herlev ; Herlev, Denmark
| | - Per Thor Straten
- Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT); Department of Hematology; Copenhagen University Hospital ; Herlev ; Herlev, Denmark
| | - Mads Hald Andersen
- Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT); Department of Hematology; Copenhagen University Hospital ; Herlev ; Herlev, Denmark
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18
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Vujanovic L, Shi J, Kirkwood JM, Storkus WJ, Butterfield LH. Molecular mimicry of MAGE-A6 and Mycoplasma penetrans HF-2 epitopes in the induction of antitumor CD8 + T-cell responses. Oncoimmunology 2014; 3:e954501. [PMID: 25960935 DOI: 10.4161/21624011.2014.954501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A promising vaccine strategy for the treatment of cancer involves the use of vaccines incorporating tumor antigen-derived synthetic peptides that can be coordinately recognized by specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells. Previously, we reported that a MAGE-A6-derived peptide (MAGE-A6172-187) and its highly-immunogenic and cross-reactive homolog derived from Mycoplasma penetrans HF-2 permease (HF-2216-229) are promiscuously presented by multiple HLA-DR alleles to responder CD4+ T-cells obtained from healthy donors and melanoma patients. Here, we investigated whether these same peptides could concomitantly stimulate cross-reactive MAGE-A6-specific CD8+ T-cell responses in vitro using cells isolated from HLA-A*0201 (HLA-A2)+ healthy individuals and patients with melanoma. We now show that MAGE-A6172-187 and, even more so, HF-2216-229, induce memory CD8+ T cells that recognize HLA-A2+ MAGE-A6+ tumor target cells. The immunogenicity of these peptides was at least partially attributed to their embedded MAGE-A6176-185 and HF-2220-229 "homologous" sequences. The functional avidity of HF-2216-229 peptide-primed CD8+ T cells for the MAGE-A6172-187 peptide was more than 100-fold greater than that of CD8+ T cells primed with the corresponding MAGE-A6 peptide. Additionally, these 2 peptides were recognized in interferon γ (IFNγ) and granzyme B ELISPOT assays by CD8+ T-cell clones displaying variable T-cell receptor (TCR) Vβ usage. These data suggest that the immune cross-reactivity of the MAGE-A6172-187 and HF-2216-229 peptides extends to CD8+ T cells, at least in HLA-A2+ donors, and supports the potential translational utility of these epitopes in clinical vaccine formulations and for immunomonitoring of cancer patients.
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Key Words
- APC, antigen presenting cell
- AdV, recombinant adenoviral vector
- CD8+ T-cell
- CTL, cytotoxic T lymphocyte
- EBV, Epstein-Barr virus
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- HD, healthy donor
- HLA, human leukocyte antigen
- HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography
- IVS, in vitro stimulation
- MACS, Magnetic-Activated Cell Sorting
- MAGE-A6
- MOI, multiplicity of infection
- Mycoplasma penetrans
- PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cell
- PFU, plaque forming units
- RT-PCR, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction
- TAA, tumor associated antigen
- TCM, T cell media
- TCR, T-cell receptor
- epitope mimic
- iDC, immature dendritic cells
- mDC, mature dendritic cells
- melanoma
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Affiliation(s)
- Lazar Vujanovic
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute ; Pittsburgh, PA USA ; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Department of Medicine ; Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Jian Shi
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute ; Pittsburgh, PA USA ; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Department of Medicine ; Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - John M Kirkwood
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute ; Pittsburgh, PA USA ; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Department of Medicine ; Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Walter J Storkus
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute ; Pittsburgh, PA USA ; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Department of Immunology ; Pittsburgh, PA USA ; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Department of Dermatology ; Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Lisa H Butterfield
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute ; Pittsburgh, PA USA ; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Department of Medicine ; Pittsburgh, PA USA ; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Department of Immunology ; Pittsburgh, PA USA ; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Department of Surgery ; Pittsburgh, PA USA
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Thaventhiran T, Alhumeed N, Yeang HXA, Sethu S, Downey JS, Alghanem AF, Olayanju A, Smith EL, Cross MJ, Webb SD, Williams DP, Bristow A, Ball C, Stebbings R, Sathish JG. Failure to upregulate cell surface PD-1 is associated with dysregulated stimulation of T cells by TGN1412-like CD28 superagonist. MAbs 2014; 6:1290-9. [PMID: 25517314 PMCID: PMC4622985 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.29758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The CD28 superagonist (CD28SA) TGN1412 was administered to humans as an agent that can selectively activate and expand regulatory T cells but resulted in uncontrolled T cell activation accompanied by cytokine storm. The molecular mechanisms that underlie this uncontrolled T cell activation are unclear. Physiological activation of T cells leads to upregulation of not only activation molecules but also inhibitory receptors such as PD-1. We hypothesized that the uncontrolled activation of CD28SA-stimulated T cells is due to both the enhanced expression of activation molecules and the lack of or reduced inhibitory signals. In this study, we show that anti-CD3 antibody-stimulated human T cells undergo time-limited controlled DNA synthesis, proliferation and interleukin-2 secretion, accompanied by PD-1 expression. In contrast, CD28SA-activated T cells demonstrate uncontrolled activation parameters including enhanced expression of LFA-1 and CCR5 but fail to express PD-1 on the cell surface. We demonstrate the functional relevance of the lack of PD-1 mediated regulatory mechanism in CD28SA-stimulated T cells. Our findings provide a molecular explanation for the dysregulated activation of CD28SA-stimulated T cells and also highlight the potential for the use of differential expression of PD-1 as a biomarker of safety for T cell immunostimulatory biologics.
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Key Words
- APC, antigen presenting cell
- CCR5, C-C chemokine receptor type 5
- CD28 superagonist
- CD28SA, CD28 superagonist
- CK2, casein kinase 2
- CTLA-4, cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen 4
- IFNγ, interferon gamma
- IL-2, interleukin 2
- LAG-3, Lymphocyte-activation gene 3
- LFA-1, lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1
- MFI, mean fluorescence intensity
- PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cells
- PD-1
- PD-1, programmed cell death protein 1
- PD-L1, programmed cell death-ligand 1
- PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog
- S-phase, synthesis phase
- T cells
- TCR, T cell receptor
- TEMs, effector memory T cells
- TGN1412
- TIM-3, T cell immunoglobulin mucin 3
- immunostimulatory biologics
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Affiliation(s)
- Thilipan Thaventhiran
- a Medical Research Council Centre for Drug Safety Science and Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology ; University of Liverpool ; Liverpool , UK
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Abstract
Melanoma is the most serious form of skin cancer. Metastatic melanoma historically carries a poor prognosis and until recently there have been few effective agents available to treat widely disseminated disease. Recognition of the immunogenic nature of melanoma has resulted in the development of various immunotherapeutic approaches, especially with regards to the programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) receptor and its ligand (PD-L1). Antibodies targeting the PD-1 axis have shown enormous potential in the treatment of metastatic melanoma. Here, we will review the immune basis for the disease and discuss approved immunotherapeutic options for advanced melanoma, as well as the current state of development of PD-1 and PD-L1 antibodies and their importance in shaping the future of melanoma treatment.
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Key Words
- AE, adverse event
- APC, antigen presenting cell
- ASCO, American Society of Clinical Oncology
- BMS-936559
- CTLA-4, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4
- FDA, Food and Drug Administration
- ITIM , immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif
- ITSM, immunoreceptor tyrosine-based switch motif
- Ig, immunoglobulin
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- MHC, major histocompatibility complex
- MPDL3280A
- NK, natural killer
- ORR, objective response rate
- OS, overall survival
- PD, progressive disease
- PD-1
- PD-1, programmed cell death 1
- PD-L1
- PD-L1, programmed cell death ligand 1
- PD-L2
- PFS, progression free survival
- TCR, T cell receptor
- TIL, tumor infiltrating lymphocyte
- gp100, glycoprotein 100 vaccine
- immunotherapy
- melanoma
- nivolumab
- pembrolizumab
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Affiliation(s)
- Katy K Tsai
- University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Inés Zarzoso
- University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Adil I Daud
- University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, CA USA
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