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Gantla MR, Tsigelny IF, Kouznetsova VL. Repurposing of drugs for combined treatment of COVID-19 cytokine storm using machine learning. Med Drug Discov 2023; 17:100148. [PMID: 36466363 PMCID: PMC9706997 DOI: 10.1016/j.medidd.2022.100148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) induced cytokine storm is the major cause of COVID-19 related deaths. Patients have been treated with drugs that work by inhibiting a specific protein partly responsible for the cytokines production. This approach provided very limited success, since there are multiple proteins involved in the complex cell signaling disease mechanisms. We targeted five proteins: Angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1R), A disintegrin and metalloprotease 17 (ADAM17), Nuclear Factor‑Kappa B (NF‑κB), Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) and Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3), which are involved in the SARS‑CoV‑2 induced cytokine storm pathway. We developed machine-learning (ML) models for these five proteins, using known active inhibitors. After developing the model for each of these proteins, FDA-approved drugs were screened to find novel therapeutics for COVID‑19. We identified twenty drugs that are active for four proteins with predicted scores greater than 0.8 and eight drugs active for all five proteins with predicted scores over 0.85. Mitomycin C is the most active drug across all five proteins with an average prediction score of 0.886. For further validation of these results, we used the PyRx software to conduct protein-ligand docking experiments and calculated the binding affinity. The docking results support findings by the ML model. This research study predicted that several drugs can target multiple proteins simultaneously in cytokine storm-related pathway. These may be useful drugs to treat patients because these therapies can fight cytokine storm caused by the virus at multiple points of inhibition, leading to synergistically effective treatments.
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Key Words
- 1D 2D 3D, one- two- three-dimensional
- ADAM17, A disintegrin and metalloprotease 17
- ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome
- AT1R, Angiotensin II receptor type 1
- AUROC, Area under receiver operator characteristic curve
- COVID-19
- COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019
- CRS, cytokine release syndrome
- CXCL10, CXC-chemokine ligand 10
- Docking
- FDA, Food and Drug Administration
- G-CSF, granulocyte colony stimulating factor
- IC50, half maximal inhibitory concentration
- ICU, intensive care unit
- IL, interleukin
- JAK1, Janus kinase 1
- MCP1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
- MIP1α, macrophage inflammatory protein 1
- ML, machine learning
- Machine learning
- Multi-targeted drug discovery
- NF-κB, Nuclear Factor-Kappa B
- PDB, Protein Data Bank
- PaDEL, Pharmaeutical data exploration laboratory
- ROC, receiver operator characteristic curve
- SARS-CoV-2
- SMILES, Simplified Molecular-Input Line-Entry System
- STAT3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
- Screening of FDA-approved drugs
- TNFα, tumor necrosis factor α
- WEKA, Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Igor F Tsigelny
- San Diego Supercomputer Center, UC San Diego, Calif, USA
- BiAna, La Jolla, Calif, USA
- Dept. of Neurosciences, UC San Diego, Calif, USA
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Resaz R, Raggi F, Segalerba D, Lavarello C, Gamberucci A, Bosco MC, Astigiano S, Assunto A, Melis D, D'Acierno M, Veiga-da-Cunha M, Petretto A, Marcolongo P, Trepiccione F, Eva A. The SGLT2-inhibitor dapagliflozin improves neutropenia and neutrophil dysfunction in a mouse model of the inherited metabolic disorder GSDIb. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2021; 29:100813. [PMID: 34712576 PMCID: PMC8531659 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2021.100813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen Storage Disease type 1b (GSDIb) is a genetic disorder with long term severe complications. Accumulation of the glucose analog 1,5-anhydroglucitol-6-phosphate (1,5AG6P) in neutrophils inhibits the phosphorylation of glucose in these cells, causing neutropenia and neutrophil dysfunctions. This condition leads to serious infections and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in GSDIb patients. We show here that dapagliflozin, an inhibitor of the renal sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2), improves neutrophil function in an inducible mouse model of GSDIb by reducing 1,5AG6P accumulation in myeloid cells.
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Key Words
- 1,5-anhydroglucitol-6-phosphate
- 1,5AG, 1,5-anhydroglucitol
- 1,5AG6P, 1,5-anhydroglucitol-6-phosphate
- BM, bone marrow
- CFU, colony forming units
- Dapagliflozin
- G-CSF, granulocyte colony stimulating factor
- G6PC3, glucose-6-phosphatase C3
- G6PT, glucose-6-phospate translocase
- GSDIb, Glycogen Storage Disease type 1b
- Glycogen storage disease type 1b
- M-CSF, macrophage colony stimulating factor
- Mouse model
- NET, neutrophil extracellular trap
- Neutrophils
- PMA, phorbol myristate acetate
- PRM, parallel reaction monitoring
- Renal sodium-glucose co-transporter-2
- SGLT2, sodium-glucose co-transporter-2
- TM, tamoxifen
- fMLP, N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-phenylalanine
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Resaz
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Federica Raggi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Daniela Segalerba
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Chiara Lavarello
- Core Facilities-Clinical Proteomics and Metabolomics, IRCCS, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Alessandra Gamberucci
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Maria Carla Bosco
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | | | - Antonia Assunto
- Medical, Surgical, and Dental Department, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Daniela Melis
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana," Section of Pediatrics, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Salvador Allende, 43 84081, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
| | - Mariavittoria D'Acierno
- Biogem Research Institute "Gaetano Salvatore", Ariano Irpino, Italy.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Università degli Studi della Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Veiga-da-Cunha
- Walloon Excellence in Lifesciences and Biotechnology, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium.,Groupe de Recherches Metaboliques, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, (Université Catholique de Louvain), B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Andrea Petretto
- Core Facilities-Clinical Proteomics and Metabolomics, IRCCS, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Paola Marcolongo
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Francesco Trepiccione
- Biogem Research Institute "Gaetano Salvatore", Ariano Irpino, Italy.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Università degli Studi della Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Eva
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
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Li L, Shang B, Hu L, Shao R, Zhen Y. Site-specific PEGylation of lidamycin and its antitumor activity. Acta Pharm Sin B 2015; 5:264-9. [PMID: 26579455 PMCID: PMC4629235 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, N-terminal site-specific mono-PEGylation of the recombinant lidamycin apoprotein (rLDP) of lidamycin (LDM) was prepared using a polyethyleneglycol (PEG) derivative (Mw 20 kDa) through a reactive terminal aldehyde group under weak acidic conditions (pH 5.5). The biochemical properties of mPEG-rLDP-AE, an enediyne-integrated conjugate, were analyzed by SDS-PAGE, RP-HPLC, SEC-HPLC and MALDI-TOF. Meanwhile, in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity of mPEG-rLDP-AE was evaluated by MTT assays and in xenograft model. The results indicated that mPEG-rLDP-AE showed significant antitumor activity both in vitro and in vivo. After PEGylation, mPEG-rLDP still retained the binding capability to the enediyne AE and presented the physicochemical characteristics similar to that of native LDP. It is of interest that the PEGylation did not diminish the antitumor efficacy of LDM, implying the possibility that this derivative may function as a payload to deliver novel tumor-targeted drugs.
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Key Words
- ADCs, antibody drug conjugates
- AE, active enediyne
- Anti-TNF Fab′, anti-tumor necrosis factor Fab′
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- Enediyne antibiotic
- G-CSF, granulocyte colony stimulating factor
- IC50 values, half-inhibitory concentrations
- IFN, interferon
- IPTG, isopropyl-β-d-thiogalactoside
- LB, Luria-Bertani
- LDM, lidamycin
- Lidamycin
- PEG, polyethyleneglycol
- Polyethylene glycol
- SEC-HPLC, size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography
- Site-specific PEGylation
- mPEG-ALD, methoxy-PEG-propionaldehyde
- rLDP, recombinant lidamycin apoprotein
- rhG-CSF, recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rongguang Shao
- Corresponding authors. Tel.: +86 10 63026956; fax: +86 10 63017302.
| | - Yongsu Zhen
- Corresponding authors. Tel.: +86 10 63026956; fax: +86 10 63017302.
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Hosoba S, Harris WA, Lin KL, Waller EK. Chemokine and lymph node homing receptor expression on pDC vary by graft source. Oncoimmunology 2014; 3:e958957. [PMID: 25941585 DOI: 10.4161/21624011.2014.958957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A randomized clinical trial of BM vs. blood stem cell transplants from unrelated donors showed that more plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) in BM grafts was associated with better post-transplant survival. Here, we describe differences in homing-receptor expression on pDC to explain observed differences following BM vs. blood stem cell transplantation.
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Key Words
- APC, antigen presenting cell
- BDCA, blood dendritic cell antigen
- BM, bone marrow
- BMTCTN, Bone Marrow Transplantation Clinical Trial Network
- CCR, C chemokine receptor
- CD, cluster of differentiation
- CXCR, CX chemokine receptor
- G-CSF, granulocyte colony stimulating factor
- GVHD, graft vs. host disease
- GVL, graft vs. leukemia
- HEV, high endothelial venule
- HLA-DR, human lymphocyte antigen-DR
- IRB, institutional review board
- Lin, lineage
- PAM, pathogen associated molecular
- PB, peripheral blood
- PRR, pattern recognition receptor
- allo-HSCT, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
- antigen presenting
- chemokine receptor
- graft reject
- graft vs. host disease
- graft vs. leukemia effect
- pDC, plasmacytoid dendritic cell
- plasmacytoid dendritic cell
- stem cell transplantation
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakura Hosoba
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology; Division of Stem Cell and Bone Marrow Transplantation; Winship Cancer Institute; Emory University School of Medicine ; Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Wayne Ac Harris
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology; Division of Stem Cell and Bone Marrow Transplantation; Winship Cancer Institute; Emory University School of Medicine ; Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Kaifeng L Lin
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology; Division of Stem Cell and Bone Marrow Transplantation; Winship Cancer Institute; Emory University School of Medicine ; Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Edmund K Waller
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology; Division of Stem Cell and Bone Marrow Transplantation; Winship Cancer Institute; Emory University School of Medicine ; Atlanta, GA USA
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Gupta V, Kumar A, Sharma P, Tyagi P, Bansal N, Singla V, Arora A. Sustained virological response rates to antiviral therapy in genotype 1 and 3 chronic hepatitis C patients: a study from north India. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2014; 4:287-92. [PMID: 25755575 PMCID: PMC4298629 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2014.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In India, both genotype 3 and 1 are predominant genotypes in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). However, there is scanty data on sustained viral response (SVR) rate with conventionally recommended dual therapy with PEG-IFN and ribavirin. METHODS In this retrospective study, consecutive patients of CHC of genotypes 1 and 3, attending the single unit of Gastroenterology of our hospital, who received PEG-IFN and ribavirin therapy, were included. Patients who had co-infection with HIV or HBV were excluded. RESULTS A total of 114 patients were included in the study median age 44 (15-72) years, 79% males. Most common presentation was with chronic hepatitis, while 10 (9%) patients had compensated cirrhosis. Nine (8%) patients had associated diabetes, 16 (14%) patients gave history of significant alcohol abuse. The median baseline HCV RNA level was 3.0 × 10(5) (1.7 × 10(3)-1.8 × 10(7)) IU/mL. The most common genotype was 3 (75%) followed by genotype 1 (25%). 70% patients received PegIFN-α2a (median dose 180 MIU/wk) and 30% patients received PegIFN-α2b (median dose 80 MIU/wk). The median ribavirin dose was 800 (range 800-1200) mg. SVR in genotype 1 was 64% (18/28) while SVR in genotype 3 was 73% (63/86). The factors predicting SVR on univariate analysis were a lower baseline HCV RNA level (less than 3.0 × 10(5)), higher hemoglobin level > 11.8 g/dl, and achievement of rapid virological response (RVR), early virological response (EVR) and end of treatment response (ETR). In multivariate analysis the only baseline factor found independently correlating with SVR was low HCV RNA level (<3.0 × 10(5) IU/mL) (P = 0.003). CONCLUSION In north India, HCV genotype 3 has a SVR rate of 73%, which is comparable to genotype 1 with SVR rate of 64% when treated with PEG-IFN and ribavirin therapy. A baseline HCV RNA level lower than 3.0 × 10(5) best predicts SVR in addition to achievement of RVR, EVR or ETR.
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Key Words
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- BMI, body mass index
- CHC, chronic hepatitis C
- ETR, end of treatment response
- EVR, early virological response
- G-CSF, granulocyte colony stimulating factor
- HCV, hepatitis C virus
- HIV, human immunodeficiency virus
- NS, not significant
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- PEG-IFN, pegylated interferon
- RVR, rapid virological response
- SVR, sustained virological response
- TLC, total leukocyte count
- antivirals
- hepatitis C virus
- interferon
- liver disease
- sustained viral response
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Anil Arora
- Address for correspondence: Prof. Anil Arora, Chairman, Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Rajinder Nagar, New Delhi 110 060, India. Tel.: +91 9311638779.
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