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Morini M, Raggi F, Bartolucci M, Petretto A, Ardito M, Rossi C, Segalerba D, Garaventa A, Eva A, Cangelosi D, Bosco MC. Plasma-Derived Exosome Proteins as Novel Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers in Neuroblastoma Patients. Cells 2023; 12:2516. [PMID: 37947594 PMCID: PMC10649754 DOI: 10.3390/cells12212516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid tumor during infancy, causing up to 10% of mortality in children; thus, identifying novel early and accurate diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers is mandatory. NB-derived exosomes carry proteins (Exo-prots) reflecting the status of the tumor cell of origin. The purpose of this study was to characterize, for the first time, the Exo-prots specifically expressed in NB patients associated with tumor phenotype and disease stage. We isolated exosomes from plasma specimens of 24 HR-NB patients and 24 low-risk (LR-NB) patients at diagnosis and of 24 age-matched healthy controls (CTRL). Exo-prot expression was measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The data are available via ProteomeXchange (PXD042422). The NB patients had a different Exo-prot expression profile compared to the CTRL. The deregulated Exo-prots in the NB specimens acted mainly in the tumor-associated pathways. The HR-NB patients showed a different Exo-prot expression profile compared to the LR-NB patients, with the modulation of proteins involved in cell migration, proliferation and metastasis. NCAM, NCL, LUM and VASP demonstrated a diagnostic value in discriminating the NB patients from the CTRL; meanwhile, MYH9, FN1, CALR, AKAP12 and LTBP1 were able to differentiate between the HR-NB and LR-NB patients with high accuracy. Therefore, Exo-prots contribute to NB tumor development and to the aggressive metastatic NB phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Morini
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapies in Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy; (M.M.); (M.A.); (D.S.)
| | - Federica Raggi
- Unit of Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiencies, Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy; (C.R.); (M.C.B.)
| | - Martina Bartolucci
- Core Facilities, Clinical Proteomics and Metabolomics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy; (M.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Andrea Petretto
- Core Facilities, Clinical Proteomics and Metabolomics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy; (M.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Martina Ardito
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapies in Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy; (M.M.); (M.A.); (D.S.)
| | - Chiara Rossi
- Unit of Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiencies, Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy; (C.R.); (M.C.B.)
| | - Daniela Segalerba
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapies in Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy; (M.M.); (M.A.); (D.S.)
| | - Alberto Garaventa
- Pediatric Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Eva
- Scientific Directorate, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy;
| | - Davide Cangelosi
- Clinical Bioinfomatics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy;
| | - Maria Carla Bosco
- Unit of Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiencies, Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy; (C.R.); (M.C.B.)
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2
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Pelassa S, Raggi F, Rossi C, Bosco MC. MicroRNAs in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: State of the Art and Future Perspectives. Biology (Basel) 2023; 12:991. [PMID: 37508421 PMCID: PMC10376583 DOI: 10.3390/biology12070991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) represents the most common chronic pediatric arthritis in Western countries and a leading cause of disability in children. Despite recent clinical achievements, patient management is still hindered by a lack of diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers and targeted treatment protocols. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs playing a key role in gene regulation, and their involvement in many pathologies has been widely reported in the literature. In recent decades, miRNA's contribution to the regulation of the immune system and the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases has been demonstrated. Furthermore, miRNAs isolated from patients' biological samples are currently under investigation for their potential as novel biomarkers. This review aims to provide an overview of the state of the art on miRNA investigation in JIA. The literature addressing the expression of miRNAs in different types of biological samples isolated from JIA patients was reviewed, focusing in particular on their potential application as diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers. The role of miRNAs in the regulation of immune responses in affected joints will also be discussed along with their potential utility as markers of patients' responses to therapeutic approaches. This information will be of value to investigators in the field of pediatric rheumatology, encouraging further research to increase our knowledge of miRNAs' potential for future clinical applications in JIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Pelassa
- UOC Rheumatology and Autoinflammatory Diseases, Department of Pediatric Sciences, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Federica Raggi
- UOC Rheumatology and Autoinflammatory Diseases, Department of Pediatric Sciences, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Chiara Rossi
- UOC Rheumatology and Autoinflammatory Diseases, Department of Pediatric Sciences, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Maria Carla Bosco
- UOC Rheumatology and Autoinflammatory Diseases, Department of Pediatric Sciences, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 16147 Genova, Italy
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Biancalana E, Petralli G, Raggi F, Distaso MR, Piazza G, Rossi C, Tricò D, Solini A. Parameters influencing renal response to SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP1 receptor agonists in type 2 diabetes patients with preserved renal function: a comparative, prospective study. J Endocrinol Invest 2023; 46:991-999. [PMID: 36469293 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-022-01969-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE SGLT2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and GLP1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RA) protect the kidney in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) subjects. The role of patient's phenotype years before starting the treatment in determining the kidney response to these drugs has never been evaluated. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Clinical and biochemical parameters were collected in 92 T2DM patients with preserved kidney function from year -4 (T-4) to year +3 (T+3) from the introduction of semaglutide or empagliflozin (T0). Glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) slopes were evaluated to identify eGFR changes (ΔGFR) and predictors of treatment response. Urinary markers of kidney impairment were measured at T0, including KIM-1, TNFR1 and L-FABP. RESULTS Characteristics of patients on semaglutide (n = 46) or empagliflozin (n = 37) were similar at T-4 and T0. ΔGFR from T0 to T+3 was -5.5 [-10.0; -0.7] vs -2.6 [-102.4] ml/min/1.73 m2 for GLP1-RA and SGLT2i, respectively (p = ns). Compared with patients with a slower eGFR decline, those with ΔGFR > 5 ml/min/1.73 m2 from T0 to T+3 (49%) or ΔGFR > 10 ml/min/1.73 m2 from T-4 to T+3 (25%) had similar characteristics and urinary markers at T-4 and T0. The latter group showed greater eGFR decline from T-3 to T0, which tended to be delayed more by SGLT2i than GLP1-RA (p = 0.09). CONCLUSION In our cohort, subjects with T2DM and preserved renal function show similar eGFR response to treatment with GLP1-RA or SGLT2i. Baseline urinary biomarkers or prior phenotyping do not predict treatment response. An early eGFR decline identifies patients prone to lose more eGFR over time, who may benefit more from SGLT2i treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Biancalana
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - G Petralli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - F Raggi
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - M R Distaso
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - G Piazza
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - C Rossi
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - D Tricò
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Solini
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
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Raggi F, Bartolucci M, Cangelosi D, Rossi C, Pelassa S, Trincianti C, Petretto A, Filocamo G, Civino A, Eva A, Ravelli A, Consolaro A, Bosco MC. Proteomic profiling of extracellular vesicles in synovial fluid and plasma from Oligoarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis patients reveals novel immunopathogenic biomarkers. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1134747. [PMID: 37205098 PMCID: PMC10186353 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1134747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction New early low-invasive biomarkers are demanded for the management of Oligoarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (OJIA), the most common chronic pediatric rheumatic disease in Western countries and a leading cause of disability. A deeper understanding of the molecular basis of OJIA pathophysiology is essential for identifying new biomarkers for earlier disease diagnosis and patient stratification and to guide targeted therapeutic intervention. Proteomic profiling of extracellular vesicles (EVs) released in biological fluids has recently emerged as a minimally invasive approach to elucidate adult arthritis pathogenic mechanisms and identify new biomarkers. However, EV-prot expression and potential as biomarkers in OJIA have not been explored. This study represents the first detailed longitudinal characterization of the EV-proteome in OJIA patients. Methods Fourty-five OJIA patients were recruited at disease onset and followed up for 24 months, and protein expression profiling was carried out by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in EVs isolated from plasma (PL) and synovial fluid (SF) samples. Results We first compared the EV-proteome of SF vs paired PL and identified a panel of EV-prots whose expression was significantly deregulated in SF. Interaction network and GO enrichment analyses performed on deregulated EV-prots through STRING database and ShinyGO webserver revealed enrichment in processes related to cartilage/bone metabolism and inflammation, suggesting their role in OJIA pathogenesis and potential value as early molecular indicators of OJIA development. Comparative analysis of the EV-proteome in PL and SF from OJIA patients vs PL from age/gender-matched control children was then carried out. We detected altered expression of a panel of EV-prots able to differentiate new-onset OJIA patients from control children, potentially representing a disease-associated signature measurable at both the systemic and local levels with diagnostic potential. Deregulated EV-prots were significantly associated with biological processes related to innate immunity, antigen processing and presentation, and cytoskeleton organization. Finally, we ran WGCNA on the SF- and PL-derived EV-prot datasets and identified a few EV-prot modules associated with different clinical parameters stratifying OJIA patients in distinct subgroups. Discussion These data provide novel mechanistic insights into OJIA pathophysiology and an important contribution in the search of new candidate molecular biomarkers for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Raggi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
- Unit of Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiences, Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Martina Bartolucci
- Core Facilities, Clinical Proteomics and Metabolomics, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Davide Cangelosi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
- Clinical Bioinformatics Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Chiara Rossi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
- Unit of Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiences, Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Simone Pelassa
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
- Unit of Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiences, Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Chiara Trincianti
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal-Infantile Sciences (DiNOGMI), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea Petretto
- Core Facilities, Clinical Proteomics and Metabolomics, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Filocamo
- Division of Pediatric Immunology and Rheumatology, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Adele Civino
- Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, Ospedale “Vito Fazzi”, Lecce, Italy
| | - Alessandra Eva
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Angelo Ravelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal-Infantile Sciences (DiNOGMI), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
- Scientific Direction, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Alessandro Consolaro
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal-Infantile Sciences (DiNOGMI), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
- Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Maria Carla Bosco
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
- Unit of Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiences, Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
- *Correspondence: Maria Carla Bosco,
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5
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Raggi F, Cangelosi D, Consolaro A, Rossi C, Pelassa S, Cortese K, Gagliani MC, Morini M, Segalerba D, Brignole C, Bocca P, Marimpietri D, Trincianti C, Ravelli A, Eva A, Bosco MC. Extracellular vesicle-derived microRNAs as potential biomarkers in oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients: methodological challenges and new perspectives. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e1067. [PMID: 36178089 PMCID: PMC9523680 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Raggi
- Laboratory of Molecular BiologyIRCCS Istituto Giannina GasliniGenovaItaly,Present address:
Unit of Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiences, Pediatric Rheumatology ClinicIRCCS Istituto Giannina GasliniGenovaItaly
| | - Davide Cangelosi
- Laboratory of Molecular BiologyIRCCS Istituto Giannina GasliniGenovaItaly,Present address:
Clinical Bioinformatics UnitIRCCS Istituto Giannina GasliniGenovaItaly
| | - Alessandro Consolaro
- Pediatric Rheumatology ClinicIRCCS Istituto Giannina GasliniGenovaItaly,DiNOGMIUniversity of GenovaGenovaItaly
| | - Chiara Rossi
- Laboratory of Molecular BiologyIRCCS Istituto Giannina GasliniGenovaItaly,Present address:
Unit of Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiences, Pediatric Rheumatology ClinicIRCCS Istituto Giannina GasliniGenovaItaly
| | - Simone Pelassa
- Laboratory of Molecular BiologyIRCCS Istituto Giannina GasliniGenovaItaly,Present address:
Unit of Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiences, Pediatric Rheumatology ClinicIRCCS Istituto Giannina GasliniGenovaItaly
| | - Katia Cortese
- Cellular Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Experimental MedicineUniversity of GenovaGenovaItaly
| | - Maria Cristina Gagliani
- Cellular Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Experimental MedicineUniversity of GenovaGenovaItaly
| | - Martina Morini
- Laboratory of Molecular BiologyIRCCS Istituto Giannina GasliniGenovaItaly,Present address:
Laboratory of Experimental Therapies in OncologyIRCCS Istituto Giannina GasliniGenovaItaly
| | - Daniela Segalerba
- Laboratory of Molecular BiologyIRCCS Istituto Giannina GasliniGenovaItaly,Present address:
Laboratory of Experimental Therapies in OncologyIRCCS Istituto Giannina GasliniGenovaItaly
| | - Chiara Brignole
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapies in OncologyIRCCS Istituto Giannina GasliniGenovaItaly
| | - Paola Bocca
- Present address:
Unit of Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiences, Pediatric Rheumatology ClinicIRCCS Istituto Giannina GasliniGenovaItaly
| | | | | | - Angelo Ravelli
- DiNOGMIUniversity of GenovaGenovaItaly,Scientific DirectionIRCCS Istituto Giannina GasliniGenovaItaly
| | - Alessandra Eva
- Laboratory of Molecular BiologyIRCCS Istituto Giannina GasliniGenovaItaly
| | - Maria Carla Bosco
- Laboratory of Molecular BiologyIRCCS Istituto Giannina GasliniGenovaItaly,Present address:
Unit of Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiences, Pediatric Rheumatology ClinicIRCCS Istituto Giannina GasliniGenovaItaly
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6
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Resaz R, Raggi F, Segalerba D, Lavarello C, Gamberucci A, Bosco MC, Astigiano S, Assunto A, Melis D, D'Acierno M, Veiga-da-Cunha M, Petretto A, Marcolongo P, Trepiccione F, Eva A. The SGLT2-inhibitor dapagliflozin improves neutropenia and neutrophil dysfunction in a mouse model of the inherited metabolic disorder GSDIb. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2021; 29:100813. [PMID: 34712576 PMCID: PMC8531659 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2021.100813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen Storage Disease type 1b (GSDIb) is a genetic disorder with long term severe complications. Accumulation of the glucose analog 1,5-anhydroglucitol-6-phosphate (1,5AG6P) in neutrophils inhibits the phosphorylation of glucose in these cells, causing neutropenia and neutrophil dysfunctions. This condition leads to serious infections and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in GSDIb patients. We show here that dapagliflozin, an inhibitor of the renal sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2), improves neutrophil function in an inducible mouse model of GSDIb by reducing 1,5AG6P accumulation in myeloid cells.
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Key Words
- 1,5-anhydroglucitol-6-phosphate
- 1,5AG, 1,5-anhydroglucitol
- 1,5AG6P, 1,5-anhydroglucitol-6-phosphate
- BM, bone marrow
- CFU, colony forming units
- Dapagliflozin
- G-CSF, granulocyte colony stimulating factor
- G6PC3, glucose-6-phosphatase C3
- G6PT, glucose-6-phospate translocase
- GSDIb, Glycogen Storage Disease type 1b
- Glycogen storage disease type 1b
- M-CSF, macrophage colony stimulating factor
- Mouse model
- NET, neutrophil extracellular trap
- Neutrophils
- PMA, phorbol myristate acetate
- PRM, parallel reaction monitoring
- Renal sodium-glucose co-transporter-2
- SGLT2, sodium-glucose co-transporter-2
- TM, tamoxifen
- fMLP, N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-phenylalanine
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Resaz
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Federica Raggi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Daniela Segalerba
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Chiara Lavarello
- Core Facilities-Clinical Proteomics and Metabolomics, IRCCS, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Alessandra Gamberucci
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Maria Carla Bosco
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | | | - Antonia Assunto
- Medical, Surgical, and Dental Department, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Daniela Melis
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana," Section of Pediatrics, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Salvador Allende, 43 84081, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
| | - Mariavittoria D'Acierno
- Biogem Research Institute "Gaetano Salvatore", Ariano Irpino, Italy.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Università degli Studi della Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Veiga-da-Cunha
- Walloon Excellence in Lifesciences and Biotechnology, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium.,Groupe de Recherches Metaboliques, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, (Université Catholique de Louvain), B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Andrea Petretto
- Core Facilities-Clinical Proteomics and Metabolomics, IRCCS, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Paola Marcolongo
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Francesco Trepiccione
- Biogem Research Institute "Gaetano Salvatore", Ariano Irpino, Italy.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Università degli Studi della Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Eva
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
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7
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Rajendiran A, Klemm P, Schippers A, Scheufen A, Schwarz T, Peitz J, Brandenburg LO, Wagner N, Consolaro A, Raggi F, Bosco MC, Luedde T, Foell D, Denecke B, Horneff G, Ohl K, Tenbrock K. miR-23a contributes to T cellular redox metabolism in juvenile idiopathic oligoarthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 61:2694-2703. [PMID: 34559194 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a chronic inflammatory disease of unknown origin. The regulation of inflammatory processes involves multiple cellular steps including mRNA transcription and translation. Different miRNAs tightly control these processes. We aimed to determine the roles of specific miRNAs within JIA pathogenesis. METHODS We performed a global miRNA expression analysis in parallel in cells from the arthritic joint and peripheral blood of oligoarticular JIA patients and healthy controls. QRT-PCR analysis was used to verify expression of miRNA in T cells. Ex vivo experiments and flow cytometric analyses were used to analyze proliferation and redox metabolism. RESULTS Global miRNA expression analysis demonstrated a different composition of miRNA expression at the site of inflammation compared with peripheral blood. Bioinformatic analysis of predicted miRNA target genes suggest a huge overrepresentation of genes involved in metabolic and oxidative stress pathways in the inflamed joint. Despite enhanced ROS levels within the local inflammatory milieu, JIA T cells are hyperproliferative and reveal an overexpression of miR-23a, which is an inhibitor of PPIF, the regulator of mitochondrial ROS escape. Mitochondrial ROS escape is diminished in JIA T cells resulting in their prolonged survival. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that miRNA dependent mitochondrial ROS shuttling might be a mechanism that contributes to T cell regulation in JIA at the site of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anandhi Rajendiran
- Dept of Pediatrics, Pediatric Rheumatology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Patricia Klemm
- Dept of Pediatrics, Pediatric Rheumatology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Anastasia Schippers
- Dept of Pediatrics, Pediatric Rheumatology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Anja Scheufen
- Dept of Pediatrics, Pediatric Rheumatology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Tobias Schwarz
- Dept of Pediatric Rheumatology St. Josef-Stift Sendenhorst, Sendenhorst, Germany
| | - Joachim Peitz
- Asklepios Children's Hospital Sankt Augustin, Sankt Augustin, Germany
| | - Lars-Ove Brandenburg
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, Germany.,Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center Rostock, Germany
| | - Norbert Wagner
- Dept of Pediatrics, Pediatric Rheumatology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Federica Raggi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, IRCSS, Instituto Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Maria Carla Bosco
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, IRCSS, Instituto Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Tom Luedde
- Dept of Medicine III, RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Dirk Foell
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Bernd Denecke
- Interdisciplinary center for clinical research Aachen, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Gerd Horneff
- Asklepios Children's Hospital Sankt Augustin, Sankt Augustin, Germany.,Dept. of Pediatrics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germant
| | - Kim Ohl
- Dept of Pediatrics, Pediatric Rheumatology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Klaus Tenbrock
- Dept of Pediatrics, Pediatric Rheumatology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, Germany
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Cappelli E, Degan P, Bruno S, Pierri F, Miano M, Raggi F, Farruggia P, Mecucci C, Crescenzi B, Naim V, Dufour C, Ravera S. The passage from bone marrow niche to bloodstream triggers the metabolic impairment in Fanconi Anemia mononuclear cells. Redox Biol 2020; 36:101618. [PMID: 32863220 PMCID: PMC7327247 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fanconi Anemia (FA) is a disease characterized by bone marrow (BM) failure and aplastic anemia. In addition to a defective DNA repair system, other mechanisms are involved in its pathogenesis, such as defective mitochondrial metabolism, accumulation of lipids, and increment of oxidative stress production. To better understand the role of these metabolic alterations in the process of HSC maturation in FA, we evaluated several biochemical and cellular parameters on mononuclear cells isolated from the bone marrow of FA patients or healthy donors. To mimic the cellular residence in the BM niche or their exit from the BM niche to the bloodstream, cells have been grown in hypoxic or normoxic conditions, respectively. The data show that, in normoxic conditions, a switch from anaerobic to aerobic metabolism occurs both in healthy and in pathological samples. However, in FA cells this change is associated with altered oxidative phosphorylation, the increment of oxidative stress production, no activation of the endogenous antioxidant defenses and arrest in the G2M phase of the cell cycle. By contrast, FA cells grown in hypoxic conditions do not show cell cycle and metabolic alterations in comparison to the healthy control, maintaining both an anaerobic flux. The data reported herein suggests that the passage from the BM niche to the bloodstream represents a crucial point in the FA pathogenesis associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. MNCs isolated from the bloodstream of FA patients display a metabolic defect. The metabolic defect is not evident in FA-MNCs isolated from the bone marrow niche. The metabolic defect seems to be linked to the oxygen availability. The passage from the BM niche to the bloodstream is crucial in FA pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Cappelli
- Hematology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paolo Degan
- Mutagenesis and Preventive Oncology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Silvia Bruno
- Experimental Medicine Department, University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - Filomena Pierri
- Hematology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maurizio Miano
- Hematology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Federica Raggi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Piero Farruggia
- A.R.N.A.S. Ospedali Civico Di Cristina e Benfratelli, Palermo, Italy
| | - Cristina Mecucci
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Center for Hemato-Oncology Research CREO, Cytogenetics and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Barbara Crescenzi
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Center for Hemato-Oncology Research CREO, Cytogenetics and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Valeria Naim
- CNRS UMR9019, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Vilejuif, France
| | - Carlo Dufour
- Hematology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Ravera
- Experimental Medicine Department, University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
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9
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Raggi F, Bosco MC. Targeting Mononuclear Phagocyte Receptors in Cancer Immunotherapy: New Perspectives of the Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells (TREM-1). Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051337. [PMID: 32456204 PMCID: PMC7281211 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory cells are major players in the onset of cancer. The degree of inflammation and type of inflammatory cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are responsible for tilting the balance between tumor progression and regression. Cancer-related inflammation has also been shown to influence the efficacy of conventional therapy. Mononuclear phagocytes (MPs) represent a major component of the inflammatory circuit that promotes tumor progression. Despite their potential to activate immunosurveillance and exert anti-tumor responses, MPs are subverted by the tumor to support its growth, immune evasion, and spread. MP responses in the TME are dictated by a network of stimuli integrated through the cross-talk between activatory and inhibitory receptors. Alterations in receptor expression/signaling can create excessive inflammation and, when chronic, promote tumorigenesis. Research advances have led to the development of new therapeutic strategies aimed at receptor targeting to induce a tumor-infiltrating MP switch from a cancer-supportive toward an anti-tumor phenotype, demonstrating efficacy in different human cancers. This review provides an overview of the role of MP receptors in inflammation-mediated carcinogenesis and discusses the most recent updates regarding their targeting for immunotherapeutic purposes. We focus in particular on the TREM-1 receptor, a major amplifier of MP inflammatory responses, highlighting its relevance in the development and progression of several types of inflammation-associated malignancies and the promises of its inhibition for cancer immunotherapy.
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10
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Grassi A, Signorelli C, Lucidi GA, Raggi F, Macchiarola L, Roberti Di Sarsina T, Marcheggiani Muccioli GM, Filardo G, Zaffagnini S. Corrigendum to "ACL reconstruction with lateral plasty reduces translational and rotatory laxity compared to anatomical single bundle and non-anatomical double bundle surgery: An in vivo kinematic evaluation with navigation system." [Clin. Biomech. (Bristol, Avon) 2019 Oct; 69:1-8. doi:10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2019.06.012. Epub 2019 Jun 14]. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2020; 72:211. [PMID: 32127218 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Grassi
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratorio di Biomeccanica e Innovazione Tecnologica, Via Di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, BO, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Clinica Ortopedica e Traumatologica I, Via Pupilli 1, 40136 Bologna, BO, Italy; Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e NeuroMotorie (DIBINEM), Via Foscolo 7, 40123 Bologna, BO, Italy.
| | - C Signorelli
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratorio di Biomeccanica e Innovazione Tecnologica, Via Di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, BO, Italy.
| | - G A Lucidi
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Clinica Ortopedica e Traumatologica I, Via Pupilli 1, 40136 Bologna, BO, Italy.
| | - F Raggi
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratorio di Biomeccanica e Innovazione Tecnologica, Via Di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, BO, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Clinica Ortopedica e Traumatologica I, Via Pupilli 1, 40136 Bologna, BO, Italy; Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e NeuroMotorie (DIBINEM), Via Foscolo 7, 40123 Bologna, BO, Italy
| | - L Macchiarola
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratorio di Biomeccanica e Innovazione Tecnologica, Via Di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, BO, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Clinica Ortopedica e Traumatologica I, Via Pupilli 1, 40136 Bologna, BO, Italy; Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e NeuroMotorie (DIBINEM), Via Foscolo 7, 40123 Bologna, BO, Italy
| | - T Roberti Di Sarsina
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratorio di Biomeccanica e Innovazione Tecnologica, Via Di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, BO, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Clinica Ortopedica e Traumatologica I, Via Pupilli 1, 40136 Bologna, BO, Italy; Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e NeuroMotorie (DIBINEM), Via Foscolo 7, 40123 Bologna, BO, Italy
| | - G M Marcheggiani Muccioli
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratorio di Biomeccanica e Innovazione Tecnologica, Via Di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, BO, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Clinica Ortopedica e Traumatologica I, Via Pupilli 1, 40136 Bologna, BO, Italy; Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e NeuroMotorie (DIBINEM), Via Foscolo 7, 40123 Bologna, BO, Italy
| | - G Filardo
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratorio di NanoBiotecnologie (NaBi), Via Di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, BO, Italy.
| | - S Zaffagnini
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratorio di Biomeccanica e Innovazione Tecnologica, Via Di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, BO, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Clinica Ortopedica e Traumatologica I, Via Pupilli 1, 40136 Bologna, BO, Italy; Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e NeuroMotorie (DIBINEM), Via Foscolo 7, 40123 Bologna, BO, Italy.
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11
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Raggi F, Cangelosi D, Becherini P, Blengio F, Morini M, Acquaviva M, Belli ML, Panizzon G, Cervo G, Varesio L, Eva A, Bosco MC. Transcriptome analysis defines myocardium gene signatures in children with ToF and ASD and reveals disease-specific molecular reprogramming in response to surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. J Transl Med 2020; 18:21. [PMID: 31924244 PMCID: PMC6954611 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02210-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) and Atrial Septal Defects (ASD) are the most common types of congenital heart diseases and a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality. Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is used during corrective cardiac surgery to support circulation and heart stabilization. However, this procedure triggers systemic inflammatory and stress response and consequent increased risk of postoperative complications. The aim of this study was to define the molecular bases of ToF and ASD pathogenesis and response to CPB and identify new potential biomarkers. METHODS Comparative transcriptome analysis of right atrium specimens collected from 10 ToF and 10 ASD patients was conducted before (Pre-CPB) and after (Post-CPB) corrective surgery. Total RNA isolated from each sample was individually hybridized on Affymetrix HG-U133 Plus Array Strips containing 38,500 unique human genes. Differences in the gene expression profiles and functional enrichment/network analyses were assessed using bioinformatic tools. qRT-PCR analysis was used to validate gene modulation. RESULTS Pre-CPB samples showed significant differential expression of a total of 72 genes, 28 of which were overexpressed in ToF and 44 in ASD. According to Gene Ontology annotation, the mostly enriched biological processes were represented by matrix organization and cell adhesion in ToF and by muscle development and contractility in ASD specimens. GSEA highlighted the specific enrichment of hypoxia gene sets in ToF samples, pointing to a role for hypoxia in disease pathogenesis. The post-CPB myocardium exhibited significant alterations in the expression profile of genes related to transcription regulation, growth/apoptosis, inflammation, adhesion/matrix organization, and oxidative stress. Among them, only 70 were common to the two disease groups, whereas 110 and 24 were unique in ToF and ASD, respectively. Multiple functional interactions among differentially expressed gene products were predicted by network analysis. Interestingly, gene expression changes in ASD samples followed a consensus hypoxia profile. CONCLUSION Our results provide a comprehensive view of gene reprogramming in right atrium tissues of ToF and ASD patients before and after CPB, defining specific molecular pathways underlying disease pathophysiology and myocardium response to CPB. These findings have potential translational value because they identify new candidate prognostic markers and targets for tailored cardioprotective post-surgical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Raggi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, IRCSS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Padiglione 2, L.go G.Gaslini 5, 16147, Genova, Italy
| | - Davide Cangelosi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, IRCSS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Padiglione 2, L.go G.Gaslini 5, 16147, Genova, Italy
| | - Pamela Becherini
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, IRCSS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Padiglione 2, L.go G.Gaslini 5, 16147, Genova, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Fabiola Blengio
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, IRCSS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Padiglione 2, L.go G.Gaslini 5, 16147, Genova, Italy.,INSERM U955 Equipe 16, Creteil, France
| | - Martina Morini
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, IRCSS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Padiglione 2, L.go G.Gaslini 5, 16147, Genova, Italy
| | - Massimo Acquaviva
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, IRCSS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Padiglione 2, L.go G.Gaslini 5, 16147, Genova, Italy.,Immunobiology of Neurological Disorders Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology INSPE, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Belli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, IRCSS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Padiglione 2, L.go G.Gaslini 5, 16147, Genova, Italy.,Cytomorphology Laboratory, Heamo-Onco-TMO Department, IRCSS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Panizzon
- Department of Cardiology, IRCSS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cervo
- Department of Cardiology, IRCSS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Luigi Varesio
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, IRCSS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Padiglione 2, L.go G.Gaslini 5, 16147, Genova, Italy
| | - Alessandra Eva
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, IRCSS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Padiglione 2, L.go G.Gaslini 5, 16147, Genova, Italy
| | - Maria Carla Bosco
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, IRCSS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Padiglione 2, L.go G.Gaslini 5, 16147, Genova, Italy.
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12
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Cangelosi D, Resaz R, Petretto A, Segalerba D, Ognibene M, Raggi F, Mastracci L, Grillo F, Bosco MC, Varesio L, Sica A, Colombo I, Eva A. A Proteomic Analysis of GSD-1a in Mouse Livers: Evidence for Metabolic Reprogramming, Inflammation, and Macrophage Polarization. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:2965-2978. [PMID: 31173686 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Cangelosi
- Laboratorio di Biologia Molecolare, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via G. Gaslini n. 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Roberta Resaz
- Laboratorio di Biologia Molecolare, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via G. Gaslini n. 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea Petretto
- Core Facilities-Proteomics Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via G. Gaslini n. 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Daniela Segalerba
- Laboratorio di Biologia Molecolare, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via G. Gaslini n. 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Marzia Ognibene
- Laboratorio Cellule Staminali Post Natali e Terapie Cellulari, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via G. Gaslini n. 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Federica Raggi
- Laboratorio di Biologia Molecolare, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via G. Gaslini n. 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Luca Mastracci
- Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences (DISC), Anatomic Pathology Unit, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV n. 6, 16132 Genova, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, National Cancer Research Institute, Largo Rosanna Benzi n. 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Federica Grillo
- Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences (DISC), Anatomic Pathology Unit, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV n. 6, 16132 Genova, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, National Cancer Research Institute, Largo Rosanna Benzi n. 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Maria Carla Bosco
- Laboratorio di Biologia Molecolare, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via G. Gaslini n. 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Luigi Varesio
- Laboratorio di Biologia Molecolare, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via G. Gaslini n. 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Antonio Sica
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro”, Largo Guido Donegani n. 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Alessandro Manzoni n. 56, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Irma Colombo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti n. 9, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandra Eva
- Laboratorio di Biologia Molecolare, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via G. Gaslini n. 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
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13
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Raggi F, Pissavino AL, Resaz R, Segalerba D, Puglisi A, Vanni C, Antonini F, Del Zotto G, Gamberucci A, Marcolongo P, Bosco MC, Grillo F, Mastracci L, Eva A. Development and characterization of an inducible mouse model for glycogen storage disease type Ib. J Inherit Metab Dis 2018; 41:1015-1025. [PMID: 29967951 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-018-0211-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Glycogen storage disease type Ib (GSD1b) is a rare metabolic and immune disorder caused by a deficiency in the glucose-6-phosphate transporter (G6PT) and characterized by impaired glucose homeostasis, myeloid dysfunction, and long-term risk of hepatocellular adenomas. Despite maximal therapy, based on a strict diet and on granulocyte colony-stimulating factor treatment, long-term severe complications still develop. Understanding the pathophysiology of GSD1b is a prerequisite to develop new therapeutic strategies and depends on the availability of animal models. The G6PT-KO mouse mimics the human disease but is very fragile and rarely survives weaning. We generated a conditional G6PT-deficient mouse as an alternative model for studying the long-term pathophysiology of the disease. We utilized this conditional mouse to develop an inducible G6PT-KO model to allow temporally regulated G6PT deletion by the administration of tamoxifen (TM). METHODS We generated a conditional G6PT-deficient mouse utilizing the CRElox strategy. Histology, histochemistry, and phenotype analyses were performed at different times after TM-induced G6PT inactivation. Neutrophils and monocytes were isolated and analyzed for functional activity with standard techniques. RESULTS The G6PT-inducible KO mice display the expected disturbances of G6P metabolism and myeloid dysfunctions of the human disorder, even though with a milder intensity. CONCLUSIONS TM-induced inactivation of G6PT in these mice leads to a phenotype which mimics that of human GSD1b patients. The conditional mice we have generated represent an excellent tool to study the tissue-specific role of the G6PT gene and the mechanism of long-term complications in GSD1b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Raggi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Translational Research, Laboratory Medicine, Diagnosis and Services, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Largo Gaslini 5, 16147, Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna Livia Pissavino
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Translational Research, Laboratory Medicine, Diagnosis and Services, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Largo Gaslini 5, 16147, Genoa, Italy
| | - Roberta Resaz
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Translational Research, Laboratory Medicine, Diagnosis and Services, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Largo Gaslini 5, 16147, Genoa, Italy
| | - Daniela Segalerba
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Translational Research, Laboratory Medicine, Diagnosis and Services, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Largo Gaslini 5, 16147, Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Puglisi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Translational Research, Laboratory Medicine, Diagnosis and Services, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Largo Gaslini 5, 16147, Genoa, Italy
| | - Cristina Vanni
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Translational Research, Laboratory Medicine, Diagnosis and Services, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Largo Gaslini 5, 16147, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesca Antonini
- Core Facilities Laboratory, Department of Translational Research, Laboratory Medicine, Diagnosis and Services, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Genny Del Zotto
- Core Facilities Laboratory, Department of Translational Research, Laboratory Medicine, Diagnosis and Services, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Gamberucci
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Paola Marcolongo
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Maria Carla Bosco
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Translational Research, Laboratory Medicine, Diagnosis and Services, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Largo Gaslini 5, 16147, Genoa, Italy
| | - Federica Grillo
- Pathology Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS AOU San Martino IST Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - Luca Mastracci
- Pathology Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS AOU San Martino IST Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Eva
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Translational Research, Laboratory Medicine, Diagnosis and Services, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Largo Gaslini 5, 16147, Genoa, Italy.
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14
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Parodi M, Raggi F, Cangelosi D, Manzini C, Balsamo M, Blengio F, Eva A, Varesio L, Pietra G, Moretta L, Mingari MC, Vitale M, Bosco MC. Hypoxia Modifies the Transcriptome of Human NK Cells, Modulates Their Immunoregulatory Profile, and Influences NK Cell Subset Migration. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2358. [PMID: 30459756 PMCID: PMC6232835 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia, which characterizes most tumor tissues, can alter the function of different immune cell types, favoring tumor escape mechanisms. In this study, we show that hypoxia profoundly acts on NK cells by influencing their transcriptome, affecting their immunoregulatory functions, and changing the chemotactic responses of different NK cell subsets. Exposure of human peripheral blood NK cells to hypoxia for 16 or 96 h caused significant changes in the expression of 729 or 1,100 genes, respectively. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis demonstrated that these changes followed a consensus hypoxia transcriptional profile. As assessed by Gene Ontology annotation, hypoxia-targeted genes were implicated in several biological processes: metabolism, cell cycle, differentiation, apoptosis, cell stress, and cytoskeleton organization. The hypoxic transcriptome also showed changes in genes with immunological relevance including those coding for proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and chemokine-receptors. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis confirmed the modulation of several immune-related genes, prompting further immunophenotypic and functional studies. Multiplex ELISA demonstrated that hypoxia could variably reduce NK cell ability to release IFNγ, TNFα, GM-CSF, CCL3, and CCL5 following PMA+Ionomycin or IL15+IL18 stimulation, while it poorly affected the response to IL12+IL18. Cytofluorimetric analysis showed that hypoxia could influence NK chemokine receptor pattern by sustaining the expression of CCR7 and CXCR4. Remarkably, this effect occurred selectively (CCR7) or preferentially (CXCR4) on CD56bright NK cells, which indeed showed higher chemotaxis to CCL19, CCL21, or CXCL12. Collectively, our data suggest that the hypoxic environment may profoundly influence the nature of the NK cell infiltrate and its effects on immune-mediated responses within tumor tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Parodi
- UOC Immunologia, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Federica Raggi
- Laboratorio di Biologia Molecolare, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Davide Cangelosi
- Laboratorio di Biologia Molecolare, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Claudia Manzini
- Laboratorio di Immunologia Clinica e Sperimentale, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Mirna Balsamo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Fabiola Blengio
- Laboratorio di Biologia Molecolare, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Alessandra Eva
- Laboratorio di Biologia Molecolare, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Luigi Varesio
- Laboratorio di Biologia Molecolare, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Gabriella Pietra
- UOC Immunologia, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Moretta
- Immunology Area, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambin Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Mingari
- UOC Immunologia, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy.,Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | - Massimo Vitale
- UOC Immunologia, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Maria Carla Bosco
- Laboratorio di Biologia Molecolare, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
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15
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Bosco MC, Raggi F, Varesio L. Therapeutic Potential of Targeting TREM-1 in Inflammatory Diseases and Cancer. Curr Pharm Des 2017; 22:6209-6233. [PMID: 27568730 DOI: 10.2174/1381612822666160826110539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM)-1 is a member of the Ig-like immunoregulatory receptor family and a major amplifier of innate immune responses. TREM- 1 has been implicated in the development and perpetuation of a number of inflammatory disorders, and soluble TREM-1 levels are a clinically valuable diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in patients with sepsis and other types of acute and chronic inflammation- associated diseases, easily detectable in biological fluids. High TREM-1 expression in macrophages infiltrating human tumors and increased concentrations of soluble TREM-1 also correlate with aggressive tumor behavior and recurrence and are a relevant independent predictor of poor patient survival. Pharmacological inhibition of TREM-1 has proven effective in preclinical mouse models of infectious and non-infectious inflammatory disorders and malignancies, conferring survival advantages and protecting from organ damage or tumor growth by attenuating inflammatory responses. This review aims at providing a comprehensive overview of the state of the art on TREM-1 research. We review the literature addressing TREM-1 role in the amplification of myeloid cell inflammatory responses at pathologic sites and its relevance in the development, severity, and progression of inflammatory diseases and cancer. Furthermore, we discuss recent advances in the pharmacological use of TREM-1 inhibitors in mouse preclinical models, emphasizing their potential in new strategies for the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory conditions and for therapeutic intervention in cancer. This information will be of value to investigators in the field of pharmacology, drawing attention to novel therapeutic opportunities to complement current treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carla Bosco
- Laboratorio di Biologia Molecolare, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Padiglione 2, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
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16
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Raggi F, Pelassa S, Pierobon D, Penco F, Gattorno M, Novelli F, Eva A, Varesio L, Giovarelli M, Bosco MC. Regulation of Human Macrophage M1-M2 Polarization Balance by Hypoxia and the Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-1. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1097. [PMID: 28936211 PMCID: PMC5594076 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages (Mf) are a heterogeneous population of tissue-resident professional phagocytes and a major component of the leukocyte infiltrate at sites of inflammation, infection, and tumor growth. They can undergo diverse forms of activation in response to environmental factors, polarizing into specialized functional subsets. A common hallmark of the pathologic environment is represented by hypoxia. The impact of hypoxia on human Mf polarization has not been fully established. The objective of this study was to elucidate the effects of a hypoxic environment reflecting that occurring in vivo in diseased tissues on the ability of human Mf to polarize into classically activated (proinflammatory M1) and alternatively activated (anti-inflammatory M2) subsets. We present data showing that hypoxia hinders Mf polarization toward the M1 phenotype by decreasing the expression of T cell costimulatory molecules and chemokine homing receptors and the production of proinflammatory, Th1-priming cytokines typical of classical activation, while promoting their acquisition of phenotypic and secretory features of alternative activation. Furthermore, we identify the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM)-1, a member of the Ig-like immunoregulatory receptor family, as a hypoxia-inducible gene in Mf and demonstrate that its engagement by an agonist Ab reverses the M2-polarizing effect of hypoxia imparting a M1-skewed phenotype to Mf. Finally, we provide evidence that Mf infiltrating the inflamed hypoxic joints of children affected by oligoarticular juvenile idiopatic arthritis express high surface levels of TREM-1 associated with predominant M1 polarization and suggest the potential of this molecule in driving M1 proinflammatory reprogramming in the hypoxic synovial environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Raggi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Italy
| | - Simone Pelassa
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Italy
| | - Daniele Pierobon
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CERMS), AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Federica Penco
- Pediatria II, Department of Pediatrics, Giannina Gaslini Institute, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marco Gattorno
- Pediatria II, Department of Pediatrics, Giannina Gaslini Institute, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesco Novelli
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CERMS), AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandra Eva
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Italy
| | - Luigi Varesio
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mirella Giovarelli
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CERMS), AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Carla Bosco
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Italy
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17
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Amaro A, Parodi F, Diedrich K, Angelini G, Götz C, Viaggi S, Maric I, Coviello D, Pistillo MP, Morabito A, Mandalà M, Ghiorzo P, Visconti P, Gualco M, Anselmi L, Puzone R, Lanza F, Mosci C, Raggi F, Bosco MC, Varesio L, Zeschnigk M, Spano L, Queirolo P, Pfeffer U. Analysis of the Expression and Single-Nucleotide Variant Frequencies of the Butyrophilin-like 2 Gene in Patients With Uveal Melanoma. JAMA Ophthalmol 2017; 134:1125-1133. [PMID: 27532663 DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2016.2691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Importance Chromosome 6p amplification is associated with more benign behavior for uveal melanomas (UMs) with an otherwise high risk of metastasis conferred by chromosome 3 monosomy. Chromosome 6p contains several members of the B7 family of immune regulator genes, including butyrophilin-like 2 (BTNL2; OMIM, 606000), which is associated with prostate cancer risk and autoimmune diseases. Objective To investigate the expression and variant allele frequencies of BTNL2, a candidate gene for chromosome 6 amplification, in patients with UM. Design, Setting, and Participants In this case-control study, we analyzed the expression of BTNL2 in UM cell lines and human macrophages in patients with UM. Variants of BTNL2 were analyzed using probes for polymerase chain reaction and high-resolution melting. The association of missense variants rs28362679 and rs41441651 with tumor risk was analyzed in 209 patients with UM and 116 matched control patients as well as 12 UM and 64 other tumor cell lines. Genes that were differentially expressed in M1- and M2-polarized macrophages were identified by microarray analysis of 111 patients with UM, and the association of the expression of these genes with disease-free survival was analyzed by Cox regression analysis. Data were collected from September 2013 to November 2015. Main Outcomes and Measures Butyrophilin-like 2 single-nucleotide variants were associated with UM risk; M1 and M2 macrophage-specific gene expression was associated with disease-free survival. Results We genotyped a total of 325 patients. Of the 209 patients with UM, 124 (59.3%) were male, 114 (54.5%) were Italian, and 95 (45.5%) were German; the mean (range) age was 65 (27-94) years. Of the 116 Italian control patients, 67 (57.8%) were female, and the mean (range) age was 39 (21-88) years. Butyrophilin-like 2 is expressed in patients with UM and macrophages. The frequency of the rs28362679 variant was higher in patients with UM (16 of 209 [7.7%]; 95% CI, 4.7-12.2) than frequencies from European Variation Archive and Exome Aggregation Consortium data (2134 of 118 564 [1.8%]; 95% CI, 1.7-1.9) and Exome Sequencing Project data (100 of 4540 [2.2%]; 95% CI, 1.8-2.7) but were not higher compared with Italian control patients (10 of 116 [8.6%]; 95% CI, 4.6-15.4). The rs41441651 variant was present in 5 patients with UM (2.4%; 95% CI, 0.9-5.7), 2 Italian control patients (1.7%; 95% CI, 0.1-6.5), 2846 patients from European Variation Archive and Exome Aggregation Consortium data (2.4%; 95% CI, 2.3-2.5), and 23 patients from Exome Sequencing Project data (0.5%; 95% CI, 0.3-0.8). Human UM cells express M1 and M2 macrophage-specific genes, whose expression is associated with disease-free survival. Conclusions and Relevance Butyrophilin-like 2, expressed at various levels by UM cells and macrophages, might interfere with the immune control of the tumor. Butyrophilin-like 2 variants showed highly variable frequencies among ethnically related cohorts. There was no enrichment of BTNL2 variants in patients with UM compared with control patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Amaro
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, Italy2Department of Earth Sciences, Environment, and Life, Università Degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Federica Parodi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, Italy3Intergruppo Melanoma Italiano, Genova, Italy
| | - Konrad Diedrich
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, Italy
| | - Giovanna Angelini
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Viaggi
- Department of Earth Sciences, Environment, and Life, Università Degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy5Ente Ospedaliero Galliera, Genova, Italy
| | | | | | - Maria Pia Pistillo
- Department of Tumor Epigenetics, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, Italy
| | - Anna Morabito
- Department of Tumor Epigenetics, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, Italy
| | - Mario Mandalà
- Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Paola Ghiorzo
- Department of Genetics of Rare Tumors, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, Italy
| | - Paola Visconti
- Department of Blood Transfusion Center, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, Italy
| | - Marina Gualco
- Department of Anatomy and Cytohistopathology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Puzone
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, Italy
| | | | | | - Federica Raggi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Maria Carla Bosco
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Luigi Varesio
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Michael Zeschnigk
- Institute of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, West German Cancer Center and the German Cancer Consortium, Essen, Germany
| | - Laura Spano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, Italy
| | - Paola Queirolo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, Italy
| | - Ulrich Pfeffer
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, Italy
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18
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Zaffagnini S, Signorelli C, Bonanzinga T, Roberti Di Sarsina T, Grassi A, Budeyri A, Marcheggiani Muccioli GM, Raggi F, Bragonzoni L, Lopomo N, Marcacci M. Technical variables of ACL surgical reconstruction: effect on post-operative static laxity and clinical implication. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2016; 24:3496-3506. [PMID: 27628740 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-016-4320-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The hypothesis was that an alteration of different surgical variables of ACL reconstruction would produce significant changes in post-operative static laxity of knee joint. METHODS Joint laxity was acquired by a surgical navigation system for 17 patients just after graft fixation during single-bundle reconstruction with extra-articular lateral tenodesis. The analysed laxity parameters were: internal/external rotation at 30° (IE30) and 90° (IE90) of flexion, varus/valgus rotation at 0° (VV0) and 30° (VV30) of flexion and anterior/posterior displacement at 30° (AP30) and 90° (AP90) of flexion. As surgical variables, the angles between the tibial tunnel and the three planes were defined as well as the lengths of the tunnel and the relationship between native footprints and tunnels. The same analysis was performed for the femoral side. All surgical variables were combined in a multivariate analysis to assess for predictive factors between them and post-operative laxities values. To quantify the performance of each multivariate model, the correlation ratio (η 2) and the corresponding P value (*P < 0.050) have been evaluated. RESULTS Multivariate analysis underlined statistically significant models for the estimation of: AP30 (η 2 = 0.987; P = 0.014), IE30 (η 2 = 0.995; P = 0.005), IE90 (η 2 = 0.568; P = 0.010), VV0 (η 2 = 0.932; P = 0.003). The parameters that greatly affected the identified models were the orientation of the tibial tunnel with respect to the three anatomical planes. The estimation of AP30, IE30 and IE90 got lower value as the orientation of the tibial tunnel with respect to transverse plane decreases. Considering the orientation to sagittal ([Formula: see text]) and coronal ([Formula: see text]) plane, we found that their reduction provoked a decrease in the estimation of AP30, IE30 and IE90 (except [Formula: see text] that did not appear in the estimation of AP30). The estimation of VV0 got an increase of [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] which led to a laxity reduction. CONCLUSION The main finding of the present in vivo study was the possibility to determine significant effects on post-operative static laxity level of different surgical variables of ACL reconstruction. In particular, the present study defined the conditions that minimize the different aspects of post-operative laxity at time-zero after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zaffagnini
- Laboratorio di Biomeccanica ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna (BO), Italy. .,Clinica Ortopedica e Traumatologica I, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna (BO), Italy. .,Dipartimento Rizzoli Sicilia, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bagheria (PA), Italy. .,Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna (BO), Italy.
| | - C Signorelli
- Laboratorio di Biomeccanica ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna (BO), Italy
| | - T Bonanzinga
- Laboratorio di Biomeccanica ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna (BO), Italy.,Clinica Ortopedica e Traumatologica I, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna (BO), Italy
| | - T Roberti Di Sarsina
- Laboratorio di Biomeccanica ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna (BO), Italy.,Clinica Ortopedica e Traumatologica I, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna (BO), Italy
| | - A Grassi
- Laboratorio di Biomeccanica ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna (BO), Italy.,Dipartimento Rizzoli Sicilia, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bagheria (PA), Italy
| | - A Budeyri
- Orthopaedics and Traumatology, SANKO University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - G M Marcheggiani Muccioli
- Laboratorio di Biomeccanica ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna (BO), Italy.,Clinica Ortopedica e Traumatologica I, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna (BO), Italy.,Dipartimento Rizzoli Sicilia, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bagheria (PA), Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna (BO), Italy
| | - F Raggi
- Laboratorio di Biomeccanica ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna (BO), Italy.,Clinica Ortopedica e Traumatologica I, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna (BO), Italy
| | - L Bragonzoni
- Laboratorio di Biomeccanica ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna (BO), Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna (BO), Italy
| | - N Lopomo
- Laboratorio di Biomeccanica ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna (BO), Italy.,Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Brescia (BS), Italy
| | - M Marcacci
- Laboratorio di Biomeccanica ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna (BO), Italy.,Clinica Ortopedica e Traumatologica I, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna (BO), Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna (BO), Italy
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Varesio L, Raggi F, Pelassa S, Pierobon D, Cangelosi D, Giovarelli M, Bosco MC. ‘Hypoxia reprograms human macrophages towards a proinflammatory direction’. The Journal of Immunology 2016. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.196.supp.201.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Mononuclear phagocytes are recruited from the circulation as primary monocytes to sites of infection, inflammation, and tumor growth, where they undergo terminal differentiation into macrophages. Macrophages can be polarized into classically activated macrophages (M1) or alternatively activated macrophages (M2) which are characterized by a proinflammatory or an anti-inflammatory phenotype, respectively. M1 and M2 polarization is regulated by microenvironment factors. A common feature of pathologic situations is represented by hypoxia. Little is known about the impact of hypoxia on M1/M2 polarization. To address this issue, M1 (CD80+) and M2 (CD206+) macrophages were generated by culturing human monocytes with LPS or IL4 for 24h under normoxia (20%O2) or hypoxia (1%O2). We show that hypoxia amplifies the proinflammatory state of M1 macrophages and reprograms M2 macrophages towards a proinflammatory direction by increasing the production of inflammatory and proangiogenic cytokines/chemokines. The hypoxic pathologic microenvironment can tune the expression of immunoregulatory signaling receptors, whose deregulated expression may result in amplification of inflammation or establishment of immune escape situations. We demonstrate that hypoxia strongly upregulates the expression of one of such receptors, TREM -1, in M1 and M2 macrophages. Engagement of TREM-1 by agonist Ab triggers further production of M1-type cytokines/chemokines in both populations. These results suggest the role of the hypoxic environment present at pathologic sites in skewing macrophages towards a M1-like proinflammatory phenotype by inducing TREM-1, highlighting the potential of targeting TREM-1 in inflammatory disorders and in tumors.
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20
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Pierobon D, Raggi F, Cambieri I, Pelassa S, Occhipinti S, Cappello P, Novelli F, Musso T, Eva A, Castagnoli C, Varesio L, Giovarelli M, Bosco MC. Regulation of Langerhans cell functions in a hypoxic environment. J Mol Med (Berl) 2016; 94:943-55. [PMID: 26960761 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-016-1400-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Langerhans cells (LCs) are a specialized dendritic cell subset that resides in the epidermis and mucosal epithelia and is critical for the orchestration of skin immunity. Recent evidence suggest that LCs are involved in aberrant wound healing and in the development of hypertrophic scars and chronic wounds, which are characterized by a hypoxic environment. Understanding LCs biology under hypoxia may, thus, lead to the identification of novel pathogenetic mechanisms of wound repair disorders and open new therapeutic opportunities to improve wound healing. In this study, we characterize a previously unrecognized role for hypoxia in significantly affecting the phenotype and functional properties of human monocyte-derived LCs, impairing their ability to stimulate naive T cell responses, and identify the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid (TREM)-1, a member of the Ig immunoregulatory receptor family, as a new hypoxia-inducible gene in LCs and an activator of their proinflammatory and Th1-polarizing functions in a hypoxic environment. Furthermore, we provide the first evidence of TREM-1 expression in vivo in LCs infiltrating hypoxic areas of active hypertrophic scars and decubitous ulcers, pointing to a potential pathogenic role of this molecule in wound repair disorders. KEY MESSAGES Hypoxia modulates surface molecule expression and cytokine profile in Langerhans cells. Hypoxia impairs human Langerhans cell stimulatory activity on naive T cells. Hypoxia selectively induces TREM-1 expression in human Langerhans cells. TREM-1 engagement stimulates Langerhans cell inflammatory and Th1-polarizing activity. TREM-1 is expressed in vivo in Langerhans cells infiltrating hypoxic skin lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Pierobon
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- CERMS, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Federica Raggi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, G.Gaslini Institute, Genova, Italy
| | - Irene Cambieri
- Department of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery, Burns Centre and Skin Bank, Trauma Center, Torino, Italy
| | - Simone Pelassa
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, G.Gaslini Institute, Genova, Italy
| | - Sergio Occhipinti
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- CERMS, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Cappello
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- CERMS, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Francesco Novelli
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- CERMS, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Tiziana Musso
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandra Eva
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, G.Gaslini Institute, Genova, Italy
| | - Carlotta Castagnoli
- Department of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery, Burns Centre and Skin Bank, Trauma Center, Torino, Italy
| | - Luigi Varesio
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, G.Gaslini Institute, Genova, Italy.
- Laboratorio di Biologia Molecolare, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Padiglione 2, L.go G.Gaslini 5, 16147, Genova Quarto, Italy.
| | - Mirella Giovarelli
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- CERMS, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Maria Carla Bosco
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, G.Gaslini Institute, Genova, Italy.
- Laboratorio di Biologia Molecolare, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Padiglione 2, L.go G.Gaslini 5, 16147, Genova Quarto, Italy.
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21
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Piaggio F, Kondylis V, Pastorino F, Di Paolo D, Perri P, Cossu I, Schorn F, Marinaccio C, Murgia D, Daga A, Raggi F, Loi M, Emionite L, Ognio E, Pasparakis M, Ribatti D, Ponzoni M, Brignole C. A novel liposomal Clodronate depletes tumor-associated macrophages in primary and metastatic melanoma: Anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor effects. J Control Release 2015; 223:165-177. [PMID: 26742942 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F Piaggio
- Laboratory of Oncology, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - V Kondylis
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany; Centre for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - F Pastorino
- Laboratory of Oncology, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - D Di Paolo
- Laboratory of Oncology, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - P Perri
- Laboratory of Oncology, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - I Cossu
- Laboratory of Oncology, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - F Schorn
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany; Centre for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - C Marinaccio
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - D Murgia
- Department of Pathology, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - A Daga
- Laboratorio di Trasferimento Genico, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - F Raggi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - M Loi
- Laboratory of Oncology, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - L Emionite
- Animal Facility, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - E Ognio
- Animal Facility, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - M Pasparakis
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany; Centre for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - D Ribatti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; National Cancer Institute "Giovanni Paolo II", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - M Ponzoni
- Laboratory of Oncology, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy.
| | - C Brignole
- Laboratory of Oncology, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy.
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22
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Urbani C, Russo D, Raggi F, Lombardi M, Sardella C, Scattina I, Lupi I, Manetti L, Tomisti L, Marcocci C, Martino E, Bogazzi F. A novel germline mutation in the aryl hydrocarbon receptor-interacting protein (AIP) gene in an Italian family with gigantism. J Endocrinol Invest 2014; 37:949-55. [PMID: 24996936 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-014-0123-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Acromegaly usually occurs as a sporadic disease, but it may be a part of familial pituitary tumor syndromes in rare cases. Germline mutations in the aryl hydrocarbon receptor-interacting protein (AIP) gene have been associated with a predisposition to familial isolated pituitary adenoma. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the AIP gene in a patient with gigantism and in her relatives. METHODS Direct sequencing of AIP gene was performed in fourteen members of the family, spanning among three generations. RESULTS The index case was an 18-year-old woman with gigantism due to an invasive GH-secreting pituitary adenoma and a concomitant tall-cell variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma. A novel germline mutation in the AIP gene (c.685C>T, p.Q229X) was identified in the proband and in two members of her family, who did not present clinical features of acromegaly or other pituitary disorders. Eleven subjects had no mutation in the AIP gene. Two members of the family with clinical features of acromegaly refused either the genetic or the biochemical evaluation. The Q229X mutation was predicted to generate a truncated AIP protein, lacking the last two tetratricopeptide repeat domains and the final C-terminal α-7 helix. CONCLUSIONS We identified a new AIP germline mutation predicted to produce a truncated AIP protein, lacking its biological properties due to the disruption of the C-terminus binding sites for both the chaperones and the client proteins of AIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Urbani
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Ospedale Cisanello, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy,
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23
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Raggi F, Blengio F, Eva A, Pende D, Varesio L, Bosco MC. Identification of CD300a as a new hypoxia-inducible gene and a regulator of CCL20 and VEGF production by human monocytes and macrophages. Innate Immun 2013; 20:721-34. [PMID: 24131792 DOI: 10.1177/1753425913507095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral blood monocytes are recruited to inflammatory and tumor lesions where they undergo terminal differentiation into macrophages. Monocytes/macrophages integrate stimulatory and inhibitory signals present in the pathologic microenvironment through a defined repertoire of cell surface receptors, and deregulated expression of these molecules may result in amplification of inflammation or establishment of immune escape mechanisms. Characterization of the expression and function of these receptors is required for a better understanding of the regulation of monocyte/macrophage activity at pathologic sites. Hypoxia is a common feature of many pathological situations and an important regulator of monocyte/macrophage pro-inflammatory responses. In this study, we identify the leukocyte membrane antigen, CD300a, a member of the CD300 superfamily of immunoregulatory receptors, as a new hypoxia-inducible gene in primary human monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages. CD300a mRNA up-regulation by hypoxia was rapid and reversible, paralleled by increased surface protein expression, and mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor-1α. CD300a induction was also triggered by the hypoxia-mimetic agent, desferrioxamine. CD300a exhibited both activating and inhibitory potential, differentially regulating CCL20 and vascular endothelial growth factor pro-inflammatory cytokine production by monocytes/macrophages upon triggering by an agonist Ab. These results suggest that CD300a induction by the hypoxic environment represents a mechanism of regulation of monocyte/macrophage pro-inflammatory responses at pathologic sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Raggi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Fabiola Blengio
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Alessandra Eva
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Varesio
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Maria Carla Bosco
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
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Balsamo M, Manzini C, Pietra G, Raggi F, Blengio F, Mingari MC, Varesio L, Moretta L, Bosco MC, Vitale M. Hypoxia downregulates the expression of activating receptors involved in NK-cell-mediated target cell killing without affecting ADCC. Eur J Immunol 2013; 43:2756-64. [PMID: 23913266 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201343448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In certain infection sites or tumor tissues, the disruption of homeostasis can give rise to a hypoxic microenvironment, which, in turn, can alter the function of different immune cell types and favor the progression of the disease. Natural killer (NK) cells are directly involved in the elimination of virus-infected or transformed cells, however it is unknown whether their function is affected by hypoxia or not. In this study, we show that NK cells adapt to a hypoxic environment by upregulating the hypoxia-inducible factor 1α. However, NK cells lose their ability to upregulate the surface expression of the major activating NK-cell receptors (NKp46, NKp30, NKp44, and NKG2D) in response to IL-2 (or other activating cytokines, including IL-15, IL-12, and IL-21). These altered phenotypic features correlate with reduced responses to triggering signals resulting in impaired capability of killing infected or tumor target cells. Remarkably, hypoxia does not significantly alter the surface density and the triggering function of the Fc-γ receptor CD16, thus allowing NK cells to maintain their capability of killing target cells via antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. This finding offers an important clue for exploitation of NK cell in antibody-based immunotherapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirna Balsamo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
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25
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Pierobon D, Bosco MC, Blengio F, Raggi F, Eva A, Filippi M, Musso T, Novelli F, Cappello P, Varesio L, Giovarelli M. Chronic hypoxia reprograms human immature dendritic cells by inducing a proinflammatory phenotype and TREM-1 expression. Eur J Immunol 2013; 43:949-66. [PMID: 23436478 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201242709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
DCs are powerful antigen-presenting cells central in the orchestration of innate and acquired immunity. DC development, migration, and activities are intrinsically linked to the microenvironment. DCs migrate through pathologic tissues before reaching their final destination in the lymph nodes. Hypoxia, a condition of low partial oxygen pressure, is a common feature of many pathologic situations, capable of modifying DC phenotype and functional behavior. We studied human monocyte-derived immature DCs generated under chronic hypoxic conditions (H-iDCs). We demonstrate by gene expression profiling the upregulation of a cluster of genes coding for antigen-presentation, immunoregulatory, and pattern recognition receptors, suggesting a stimulatory role for hypoxia on iDC immunoregulatory functions. In particular, we show that H-iDCs express triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells(TREM-1), a member of the Ig superfamily of immunoreceptors and an amplifier of inflammation. This effect is reversible because H-iDC reoxygenation results in TREM-1 down-modulation. TREM-1 engagement promotes upregulation of T-cell costimulatory molecules and homing chemokine receptors, typical of mature DCs, and increases the production of proinflammatory, Th1/Th17-priming cytokines/chemokines, resulting in increased T-cell responses. These results suggest that TREM-1 induction by the hypoxic microenvironment represents a mechanism of regulation of Th1-cell trafficking and activation by iDCs differentiated at pathologic sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Pierobon
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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26
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Sardella C, Russo D, Raggi F, Lombardi M, Urbani C, Brogioni S, Boggi U, Funel N, Chifenti B, Campani D, Fanelli G, Marchetti P, Basolo F, Locci MT, Martino E, Bogazzi F. Ectopic expression of FSH receptor isoforms in neoplastic but not in endothelial cells from pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. J Endocrinol Invest 2013; 36:174-9. [PMID: 22732316 DOI: 10.3275/8472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
FSH receptor (FSHR) expression is restricted to gonads, where it drives FSH-dependent cell differentiation; in addition, FSHR plays an important role in the regulation of ovarian angiogenesis. Recently, FHSR expression has been shown in blood vessels of various tumors. However, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (p-NET), which have high-degree blood supply, were not included in that study. The aim of this study was to evaluate FSHR expression in p-NET. FSHR expression was evaluated in tumor samples from 30 patients with p-NET by immunohistochemistry and Western blot; fluorescence microscopy was used to localize FSHR in specific cells from tissue samples. von Willebrand factor (vWF) and chromograninA (chrA) was used as blood vessel and NET cells marker, respectively, to co-localize FSHR. FSHR expression was detected in all p-NET by immunohistochemistry. Western blot confirmed FSHR expression on p- NET although different FSHR isoforms, ranging from 240 kD to 55 kD were found in the samples studied. Surprisingly, FSHR co-localized with chrA but not with vWF, suggesting that neoplastic cells of neuroendocrine origin rather than blood vessels expressed FSHR. No relationship was found between degree of FSHR expression and histology of p-NET. FSHR may be aberrantly expressed in neoplastic cells from p-NET and not in tumor blood vessels; however, its biological significance as well as its clinical relevance remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sardella
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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27
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Carmazzi Y, Iorio M, Armani C, Cianchetti S, Raggi F, Neri T, Cordazzo C, Petrini S, Vanacore R, Bogazzi F, Paggiaro P, Celi A. The mechanisms of nadroparin-mediated inhibition of proliferation of two human lung cancer cell lines. Cell Prolif 2013; 45:545-56. [PMID: 23106301 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2012.00847.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Clinical data suggest that heparin treatment improves survival of lung cancer patients, but the mechanisms involved are not fully understood. We investigated whether low molecular weight heparin nadroparin, directly affects lung cancer cell population growth in conventionally cultured cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS A549 and CALU1 cells' viability was assessed by MTT and trypan blue exclusion assays. Cell proliferation was assessed using 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine incorporation. Apoptosis and cell-cycle distribution were analysed by flow cytometry; cyclin B1, Cdk1, p-Cdk1 Cdc25C, p-Cdc25C and p21 expressions were analysed by western blotting. mRNA levels were analysed by real time RT-PCR. RESULTS Nadroparin inhibited cell proliferation by 30% in both cell lines; it affected the cell cycle in A549, but not in CALU-1 cells, inducing arrest in the G(2) /M phase. Nadroparin in A549 culture inhibited cyclin B1, Cdk1, Cdc25C and p-Cdc25C, while levels of p-Cdk1 were elevated; p21 expression was not altered. Dalteparin caused a similar reduction in A549 cell population growth; however, it did not alter cyclin B1 expression as expected, based on previous reports. Fondaparinux caused minimal inhibition of A549 cell population growth and no effect on either cell cycle or cyclin B1 expression. CONCLUSIONS Nadroparin inhibited proliferation of A549 cells by inducing G(2) /M phase cell-cycle arrest that was dependent on the Cdc25C pathway, whereas CALU-1 cell proliferation was halted by as yet not elucidated modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Carmazzi
- Laboratory of Respiratory Cell Biology, Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Department, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Raggi F, Vallesi G. 85 Medical applications of Intravenous laser blood irradiation and LED phototherapy in sport medicine. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s1572-1000(12)70086-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Raggi F, Montella MT, Lazzari C, Ciotti E, Longanesi A, Nardacchione V, Bernardi R, Cacciari P. [Implementing clinical pathways: some practical notes]. Ann Ig 2012; 24:155-166. [PMID: 22755502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The traditional biomedical paradigm is no longer a guarantee of quality for health care, facing increasingly difficult challenges caused by chronic diseases and increasingly fragmented resources that current healthcare systems are dealing with. Health care organizations, considered to be the most complex enterprises of the modern era, must be able to focus on the flow of patients, integrating primary and secondary care through tools such as the Integrated Care Pathways (ICP). This brief discussion attempts to define the ICP its purposes, the elements that characterize it, its limitations and the mechanisms to push for a successful implementation. In order to highlight the elements and basic steps for the creation of an ICP, the authors have compared five different clinical pathways, whose implementation they have contributed to. The comparison was made using two grids: the first showing the essential elements for the definition of lCP and the second one with features that can facilitate their effectiveness. The conclusions of the work show what, pursuing the construction of a pathway, we must never forget: to analyze the gap between the clinical-care activities performed and the theoretical framework provided by the evidence; to see the barriers to change that may impede the implementation; to involve all actors in the system, with particular attention to patients and their associations, and finally to provide a plan for information and education, addressed to health professionals and patients as well.
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Blengio F, Raggi F, Pierobon D, Cappello P, Eva A, Giovarelli M, Varesio L, Bosco MC. The hypoxic environment reprograms the cytokine/chemokine expression profile of human mature dendritic cells. Immunobiology 2012; 218:76-89. [PMID: 22465745 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Revised: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells critical for the orchestration of immunity and maintenance of self-tolerance. DC development and functions are tightly regulated by a complex network of inhibitory and activating signals present in the tissue microenvironment, and dysregulated DC responses may result in amplification of inflammation, loss of tolerance, or establishment of immune escape mechanisms. Generation of mature (m)DCs from monocytic precursors recruited at pathological sites occurs under condition of low partial oxygen pressure (pO(2)). However, the way in which the hypoxic microenvironment modulates the functions of these cells is still not clear. We demonstrate that chronic hypoxia (4 days, 1% O(2)) promotes the onset of a highly proinflammatory gene expression profile in mDCs generated from primary human monocytes, characterized by the modulation of a significant cluster of genes coding for proinflammatory chemokines/cytokines and/or their receptors. Within the chemokine system, strong upregulation of genes encoding proteins chemotactic for neutrophils, such as CXCL2, CXCL3, CXCL5, CXCL6, and CXCL8, and for activated/memory T lymphocytes, monocytes, and immature (i) DCs, e.g. CCL20, CCL3 and CCL5, was observed, concomitant with decreased expression of genes coding for naive/resting T cells chemoattractants, CCL18 and CCL23. Other hypoxia-inducible genes coded for cytokines with a primary role in inflammation and angiogenesis, including osteopontin, vascular endothelial growth factor, and IL-1β. mRNA modulation was paralleled by protein secretion. These results suggest that conditions of reduced O(2) availability reprograms mDCs toward a proinflammatory direction by tuning the cytokine/chemokine repertoire, thus affecting their ability to regulate leukocyte trafficking and activation at pathological sites, with potential implications for the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Blengio
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, G. Gaslini Institute, Genova, Italy
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31
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Bogazzi F, Rossi G, Lombardi M, Raggi F, Urbani C, Sardella C, Cosci C, Martino E. Effect of rosiglitazone on serum IGF-I concentrations in uncontrolled acromegalic patients under conventional medical therapy: results from a pilot phase 2 study. J Endocrinol Invest 2011; 34:e43-51. [PMID: 20671417 DOI: 10.1007/bf03347060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Current therapies for acromegaly are unsatisfactory for some patients. High-dose thiazolidinediones have been reported to reduce serum GH levels in animal models of acromegaly. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of increasing doses of rosiglitazone on serum GH and IGF-I concentrations in acromegalic patients. DESIGN Phase 2 clinical trial. PATIENTS AND METHODS Five consecutive patients with active and uncontrolled acromegaly under conventional medical therapies were treated with increasing doses of rosiglitazone [4 mg/day every month, starting from 8 up to 20 mg/day] added to previous medical therapies for acromegaly. RESULTS Mean serum IGF-I concentrations decreased from 547 ± 91 to 265 ± 126 μg/l (p<0,001) during rosiglitazone treatment: 4 patients had normal serum IGF-I concentrations, and a patient had lowered serum IGF-I values, although still abnormal, at the end of the study. On the contrary, serum GH concentrations did not significantly changed during rosiglitazone therapy as well as other pituitary hormones. No relevant side effects of rosiglitazone were observed during the study period. Quantitative real time PCR and Western blotting showed that rosiglitazone lowered GH-dependent hepatic generation of IGF-I in HepG2 cell line. CONCLUSIONS Rosiglitazone reduces serum IGF-I concentrations in patients with uncontrolled acromegaly under conventional medical therapies, likely acting on the GH-dependent hepatic synthesis of IGF-I. Large studies are necessary to confirm the role of rosiglitazone as an adjunctive therapy for uncontrolled acromegalic patients under conventional medical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bogazzi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
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Bogazzi F, Lombardi M, Russo D, Sardella C, Raggi F, Brogioni S, Cetani F, Ceccarelli C, Mariani G, Basolo F, Martino E. Somatostatin analogues do not affect calcium metabolism in patients with acromegaly and primary hyperparathyroidism [corrected] due to MEN 1-like syndrome. Horm Metab Res 2011; 43:126-9. [PMID: 20972944 DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1267915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Patients with clinical features of MEN 1 without mutations in the menin gene fulfill the criteria of MEN1-like syndrome. Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHP) is the most frequent clinical finding in both syndromes and is usually treated by surgery. However, PHP has been reported to respond to somatostatin analogues (SSA) in MEN 1 patients. 7 patients with PHP in the context of MEN 1-like syndrome (and absence of mutations in the menin gene) were enrolled in the study and treated with SSA for 6 months for the non-PHP disease before parathyroidectomy. Serum ionized calcium, phosphorus, and PTH concentrations, and 24-h urinary calcium and phosphorus excretion were measured before and after SSA therapy. Mean serum ionized calcium, phosphorus, and PTH concentrations did not significantly change after a 6-month course with SSA. SSA scintigraphy did not reveal uptake in the neck region corresponding to the parathyroid adenoma identified at surgery and confirmed at histology. However, immunohistochemistry revealed SS-type 2A receptor in parathyroid tissue samples of 6 out of 7 patients. SSA therapy does not affect calcium-phosphorus metabolism in patients with MEN 1-like syndrome, suggesting that the drug has no role in controlling PHP in these subset of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bogazzi
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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Varesio L, Bosco MC, Blengio F, Pierobon D, Raggi F, Fardin P, Giovarelli M. The hypoxic microenvironment modulates monocytic and dendritic cell inflammatory gene expression (133.10). The Journal of Immunology 2010. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.184.supp.133.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Hypoxia is a condition of low oxygen tension occurring in inflammatory lesions which creates a special microenvironment conditioning cell physiology. We investigated the molecular bases underlying the immunoregulatory functions of monocytes (Mn) and of terminally differentiated dendritic cells (mDCs) within the hypoxic microenvironment both in vitro and in vivo. Mn and mDCs hypoxic transcriptome was assessed using high-density oligonucleotide microarrays. The molecular pathways underlying gene transcription regulation by hypoxia were evaluated by promoter-driven reporter studies and EMSA. Profound modulation of the gene expression pattern was detected following Mn and DC exposure to 1% O2. We identified a significant cluster of hypoxia-responsive genes with immunological relevance, among which the macrophage inflammatory protein-3α (MIP-3α/CCL20) and the cytokine/extracellular matrix protein, osteopontin (OPN). Hypoxic upregulation of both genes was confirmed in vitro in primary Mn, Mn-derived macrophages, and DCs and in vivo in Mn cell recruited to the synovial joints of patients affected by Juvenile Idiopatic Arthritis (JIA), and associated with hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) expression and NF-kB transcriptional activation. These studies lead to new perspectives on the impact of hypoxia on mononuclear phagocyte functions and to the definition of the mechanisms linking low pO2 to the pathogenesis of chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Varesio
- 1Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Carla Bosco
- 1Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Italy
| | - Fabiola Blengio
- 1Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Italy
| | - Daniele Pierobon
- 2Department of Medicine and Experimental Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Federica Raggi
- 1Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paolo Fardin
- 1Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mirella Giovarelli
- 2Department of Medicine and Experimental Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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Varesio L, Battaglia F, Raggi F, Ledda B, Bosco MC. Macrophage-inflammatory protein-3α/CCL-20 is transcriptionally induced by the iron chelator desferrioxamine in human mononuclear phagocytes through nuclear factor (NF)-κB. Mol Immunol 2010; 47:685-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2009.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2009] [Accepted: 10/23/2009] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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35
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Corsaro A, Thellung S, Chiovitti K, Villa V, Simi A, Raggi F, Paludi D, Russo C, Aceto A, Florio T. Dual modulation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAP kinase activities induced by minocycline reverses the neurotoxic effects of the prion protein fragment 90-231. Neurotox Res 2009; 15:138-54. [PMID: 19384577 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-009-9015-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2008] [Revised: 08/15/2008] [Accepted: 09/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Several in vitro and in vivo studies addressed the identification of molecular determinants of the neuronal death induced by PrP(Sc) or related peptides. We developed an experimental model to assess PrP(Sc) neurotoxicity using a recombinant polypeptide encompassing amino acids 90-231 of human PrP (hPrP90-231) that corresponds to the protease-resistant core of PrP(Sc) identified in prion-infected brains. By means of mild thermal denaturation, we can convert hPrP90-231 from a PrP(C)-like conformation into a PrP(Sc)-like structure. In virtue of these structural changes, hPrP90-231 powerfully affected the survival of SH-SY5Y cells, inducing caspase 3 and p38-dependent apoptosis, while in the native alpha-helix-rich conformation, hPrP90-231 did not induce cell toxicity. The aim of this study was to identify drugs able to block hPrP90-231 neurotoxic effects, focusing on minocycline, a tetracycline with known neuroprotective activity. hPrP90-231 caused a caspase 3-dependent apoptosis via the blockade of ERK1/2 activation and the subsequent activation of p38 MAP kinase. We propose that hPrP90-231-induced apoptosis is dependent on the inhibition of ERK1/2 responsiveness to neurotrophic factors, removing a tonic inhibition of p38 activity and resulting in caspase 3 activation. Minocycline prevented hPrP90-231-induced toxicity interfering with this mechanism: the pretreatment with this tetracycline restored ERK1/2 activity and reverted p38 and caspase 3 activities. The effects of minocycline were not mediated by the prevention of hPrP90-231 structural changes or cell internalization (differently from Congo Red). In conclusion, minocycline elicits anti-apoptotic effects against the neurotoxic activity of hPrP90-231 and these effects are mediated by opposite modulation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAP kinase activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Corsaro
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Department of Oncology Biology and Genetics, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 2, Genova 16132, Italy
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Vallesi G, Raggi F, Rufini S, Gizzi S, Ercolani E, Rossi R. Effects of cyclotronic ion resonance on human metabolic processes: a clinical trial and one case report. Electromagn Biol Med 2008; 26:283-8. [PMID: 18097814 DOI: 10.1080/15368370701768823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We studied the effects of ion cyclotron resonance (Seqex) magnetic therapy on the blood of thirty two healthy volunteers. They received 15 treatments each 27 minutes in length, distributed over 5 weeks. The concentrations of two blood components, malondialdehyde (MDA) and cholesterol were measured in each subject, immediately before and immediately after the 15 treatments as well as one month after the final treatment. Highly significant reductions in MDA concentrations, averaging 53.8% were noted just after the 15 treatments, tending to return to the original concentrations one month later. The effect on HDL and LDL cholesterol levels were not significant. The implication of this work is that this type of therapy may be useful in dealing with oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Vallesi
- Department of Medical-Surgical Speciality and Public Health, Sect. of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Perugia.
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Bogazzi F, Raggi F, Ultimieri F, Russo D, Cosci C, Cecchetti P, Dell'Unto E, Sardella C, Tonacchera M, Vitti P, Benzi L, Bartalena L, Martino E. Uptake of amiodarone by thyroidal and non-thyroidal cell lines. J Endocrinol Invest 2006; 29:61-6. [PMID: 16553035 DOI: 10.1007/bf03349178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Amiodarone perturbs thyroid function, causing overt hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism in 15% of patients. Changes in thyroid function are likely due, at least in part, to amiodarone and/or desethylamiodarone (DEA) concentration into the thyroid gland, but mechanisms whereby the drug uptake occurred are not known. Thyroidal (FRTL-5) or non-thyroidal [Chinese hamster ovary wild-type (CHOwt) or CHO stably transfected with NIS (CHO-NIS)] cells were exposed to 10 microM amiodarone or DEA. Cellular content of both drugs was measured by HPLC and normalized by protein concentration. Cellular concentration of the two drugs was higher in FRTL-5 (mean +/- SD 17.2 +/- 1.2 microg/mg protein of amiodarone and 18.9 +/- 0.7 microg/mg protein of DEA) than in CHO-NIS and CHOwt cells (10.8 +/- 0.8 microg/mg protein and 12.8 +/- 0.2 microg/mg protein, respectively, of amiodarone (p < 0.004); 11.9 +/- 0.1 microg/mg protein and 11 +/- 0.2 microg/mg protein, respectively, of DEA (p < 0.0002). DEA concentration was higher than that of amiodarone in all cell lines (p < 0.002). Differences between FRTL-5 and CHO cell lines were not dependent on TSH: in fact, cellular content of either drug did not change in the presence or absence of TSH in the culture medium. NIS did not intervene in amiodarone or DEA entry into thyroid cells, since amiodarone and DEA content was the same in CHOwt and CHO-NIS cells; in addition, KClO4 inhibited NIS function, but had no effect on drug uptake by the cells. At variance, 80 microM DEA reduced 125I uptake by CHO-NIS cells by 40% at 30 min without affecting cell viability. In conclusion, mechanisms whereby amiodarone is taken up by thyroid cells remain largely unknown, but the two main factors involved in thyroid-specific cellular transport, ie, NIS and TSH, seem to be excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bogazzi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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Bogazzi F, Russo D, Locci MT, Chifenti B, Ultimieri F, Raggi F, Viacava P, Cecchetti D, Cosci C, Sardella C, Acerbi G, Gasperi M, Martino E. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)gamma is highly expressed in normal human pituitary gland. J Endocrinol Invest 2005; 28:899-904. [PMID: 16419492 DOI: 10.1007/bf03345321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)gamma in normal pituitary seems to be restricted to ACTH-secreting cells. The aim of the study was to evaluate the expression of PPARgamma in normal human pituitary tissue and to study its localization in the pituitary secreting cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Normal pituitary tissue samples were obtained form 11 patients with non-secreting adenoma who underwent surgical excision of the tumor. Expression of PPARgamma was evaluated by immunostaining and western blotting; localization of PPARgamma in each pituitary secreting cell lineage was evaluated by double immunofluorescence using confocal microscopy. Pituitary non-functioning adenomas served as Controls. RESULTS PPARgamma was highly expressed in all pituitary samples with a (mean +/- SD) 81 +/- 6.5% of stained cells; expression of PPARgamma was confirmed by western blotting. Non-functioning pituitary adenomas had 74 +/- 11% PPARgamma positive cells. Expression of PPARy was either in cytoplasm or nuclei. In addition, treatment of GH3 cells, with a PPARgamma ligand was associated with traslocation of the receptor from cytoplasm into the nucleus. Double immunostaining revealed that every pituitary secreting cell (GH, TSH, LH, FSH, PRL and ACTH) had PPARgamma expressed. DISCUSSION The present study demonstrated that PPARgamma is highly expressed in every normal pituitary secreting cell lineage. It can translocate into the nucleus by ligand binding; however, its role in pituitary hormone regulation remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bogazzi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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Bogazzi F, Russo D, Raggi F, Ultimieri F, Berrettini S, Forli F, Grasso L, Ceccarelli C, Mariotti S, Pinchera A, Bartalena L, Martino E. Mutations in the SLC26A4 (pendrin) gene in patients with sensorineural deafness and enlarged vestibular aqueduct. J Endocrinol Invest 2004; 27:430-5. [PMID: 15279074 DOI: 10.1007/bf03345286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Pendred syndrome and the enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA) are considered phenotypic variations of the same entity due to mutations in the SLC26A4 (pendrin) gene. Pendred syndrome consists in sensorineural deafness, goiter and impaired thyroid hormone synthesis while in EVA thyroid function seems to be preserved. The aim of this study was to evaluate thyroid function and morphology and to look for mutations in the SLC26A4 gene in patients presented with EVA. Among 57 consecutive patients with sensorineural deafness 15 with EVA, as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), were identified and studied. A complete evaluation of thyroid function including thyroid echography and perchlorate discharge test was carried out in all patients with EVA; all exons of the SLC26A4 gene were amplified from peripheral leukocytes and directly sequenced, using specific intronic primers. Out of 15 patients with EVA, goiter was present in 8 (53%), hypothyroidism in 7 (47%), increased serum thyroglobulin levels in 8 (53%) and a positive perchlorate discharge test in 10 (67%). Nine alleles of the SLC26A4 gene were mutated: 2 novel mutations (L465W and G497R) and 4 already known mutations (T410M, R409H, T505N and IVS1001+1G>A) were found. Four subjects were compound heterozygous and 1 heterozygous (G497R/wt). All patients harbouring mutations in the SLC26A4 gene had goiter and a positive perchlorate discharge test: 3 were slightly hypothyroid and 2 euthyroid. The remaining 10 patients had no mutations in the SLC26A4 gene: 4 of them were hypothyroid, 2 with goiter and positive perchlorate discharge test, 2 without goiter and with negative perchlorate discharge test. Two patients without mutations were euthyroid with positive perchlorate discharge test. Patients with mutations in the SLC26A4 gene had larger thyroid volume (p<0.002), higher serum thyroglobulin (Tg) levels (p<0.002) and greater radioiodine discharge after perchlorate (p=0.09) than patients without mutations. The results of the present study lend support to the concept that all patients with mutated SLC26A4 gene have abnormalities of thyroid function tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bogazzi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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Bogazzi F, Ultimieri F, Raggi F, Russo D, Brogioni S, Cosci C, Gasperi M, Costa A, Viacava P, Mosca F, Bartalena L, Martino E. Colonic polyps of acromegalic patients are not associated with mutations of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma gene. J Endocrinol Invest 2003; 26:1054-8. [PMID: 15008240 DOI: 10.1007/bf03345249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)gamma plays a pivotal role in regulating adipocyte differentiation and metabolism, but also has an antiproliferative effect in several tissues, including colonic mucosa, where it is highly expressed. Loss-of-function mutations have been reported in about 10% of sporadic primary colon cancer. Acromegalic patients have an increased prevalence of colonic neoplasms and lower PPARgamma levels in the colonic mucosa. Thus, PPARgamma may act as a tumor suppressor gene, and its reduced expression or loss-of-function mutations may contribute to tumorigenesis. In this study the expression and mutations of the PPARgamma gene in the colonic polyps and mucosa outside polyps were investigated in 10 acromegalic and 17 non-acromegalic patients. PPARgamma expression was evaluated by RT-PCR. PPARgamma was expressed in each sample, but expression appeared to be lower in polyps than in mucosa outside polyps from either acromegalic or non-acromegalic patients. All exons of the PPARgamma gene were directly sequenced after PCR amplification: no mutations were found either in acromegalic or in non-acromegalic patients. In conclusion, the results of this preliminary study suggest that the lower expression of PPARgamma rather than somatic mutations of this gene is involved in colonic tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bogazzi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, and Oncology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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Bogazzi F, Raggi F, Ultimieri F, Russo D, Campomori A, McKinney JD, Pinchera A, Bartalena L, Martino E. Effects of a mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls (Aroclor 1254) on the transcriptional activity of thyroid hormone receptor. J Endocrinol Invest 2003; 26:972-8. [PMID: 14759069 DOI: 10.1007/bf03348194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are environmental contaminants which may affect thyroid function. PCBs may reduce serum thyroid hormone (TH) concentrations by either displacing T4 from TH transport proteins or increasing its hepatic metabolism. The reduced serum T4 causes neurological and growth defects in animals exposed to PCBs during the perinatal period, which can partially be reverted by T4 administration. In addition to a hypothyroid-like syndrome, a direct action of PCBs on TH-sensitive genes has been postulated. In the present study the effects of Aroclor 1254 (ARO), a mixture of PCBs, on transcription of TH-dependent genes were investigated. A reporter plasmid containing the TH-responsive element (TRE) of malic enzyme (ME) gene was used in transient transfections to assess the responsiveness to ARO. ARO (10 microM) reduced the CAT activity by about 50% and competed with T3 to reduce the induction of transcription. Cotransfection of TH receptor (TR) and a wild type TRE was required to reveal ARO inhibitiry effect, which was abolished by a mock reaction not containing TR or by a mutated TRE. ARO reduced the 125I-T3 binding to TR by 30%, but did not affect the interaction of TR with a 32P-labeled TRE in gel shift assay. ARO is likely to produce a conformational change in in vitro translated TR, leading to its increased proteolysis by trypsin. These results demonstrate that ARO interacts with TR, thereby affecting the transcription of TH-sensitive genes, and provide a molecular basis to further explain the complex effects of PCBs on TH disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bogazzi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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Bogazzi F, Bartalena L, Brogioni S, Burelli A, Raggi F, Ultimieri F, Cosci C, Vitale M, Fenzi G, Martino E. Desethylamiodarone antagonizes the effect of thyroid hormone at the molecular level. Eur J Endocrinol 2001; 145:59-64. [PMID: 11415853 DOI: 10.1530/eje.0.1450059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the molecular mechanisms of the inhibitory effects of amiodarone and its active metabolite, desethylamiodarone (DEA) on thyroid hormone action. MATERIALS AND METHODS The reporter construct ME-TRE-TK-CAT or TSHbeta-TRE-TK-CAT, containing the nucleotide sequence of the thyroid hormone response element (TRE) of either malic enzyme (ME) or TSHbeta genes, thymidine kinase (TK) and chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) was transiently transfected with RSV-TRbeta into NIH3T3 cells. Gel mobility shift assay (EMSA) was performed using labelled synthetic oligonucleotides containing the ME-TRE and in vitro translated thyroid hormone receptor (TR)beta. RESULTS Addition of 1 micromol/l T4 or T3 to the culture medium increased the basal level of ME-TRE-TK-CAT by 4.5- and 12.5-fold respectively. Amiodarone or DEA (1 micromol/l) increased CAT activity by 1.4- and 3.4-fold respectively. Combination of DEA with T4 or T3 increased CAT activity by 9.4- and 18.9-fold respectively. These data suggested that DEA, but not amiodarone, had a synergistic effect with thyroid hormone on ME-TRE, rather than the postulated inhibitory action; we supposed that this was due to overexpression of the transfected TR into the cells. When the amount of RSV-TRbeta was reduced until it was present in a limited amount, allowing competition between thyroid hormone and the drug, addition of 1 micromol/l DEA decreased the T3-dependent expression of the reporter gene by 50%. The inhibitory effect of DEA was partially due to a reduced binding of TR to ME-TRE, as assessed by EMSA. DEA activated the TR-dependent down-regulation by the negative TSH-TRE, although at low level (35% of the down-regulation produced by T3), whereas amiodarone was ineffective. Addition of 1 micromol/l DEA to T3-containing medium reduced the T3-TR-mediated down-regulation of TSH-TRE to 55%. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that DEA, but not amiodarone, exerts a direct, although weak, effect on genes that are regulated by thyroid hormone. High concentrations of DEA antagonize the action of T3 at the molecular level, interacting with TR and reducing its binding to TREs. This effect may contribute to the hypothyroid-like effect observed in peripheral tissues of patients receiving amiodarone treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bogazzi
- Dipartimento di Endocrinologia e Metabolismo, Università di Pisa, Ospedale di Cisanello, Via Paradisa, 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
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Bogazzi F, Raggi F, Ultimieri F, Campomori A, Cosci C, Berrettini S, Neri E, La Rocca R, Ronca G, Martino E, Bartalena L. A novel mutation in the pendrin gene associated with Pendred's syndrome. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2000; 52:279-85. [PMID: 10718825 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2265.2000.00930.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pendred's syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by goitre, sensorineural deafness and iodide organification defect. It is one of the most frequent causes of congenital deafness, accounting for about 10% of hereditary hearing loss. It is caused by mutations in the pendrin (PDS) gene, a 21 exon gene located on chromosome 7. The aim of this study was to examine an Italian family affected with Pendred's syndrome at the molecular level. PATIENTS Thirteen subjects belonging to a family from Southern Italy were evaluated for the clinical and genetic features of Pendred's syndrome. MEASUREMENTS Exons 2-21 of the PDS gene were amplified from peripheral leucocytes by the polymerase chain reaction; mutation analysis was performed by single strand conformation polymorphism, direct sequencing and restriction analysis. RESULTS The index patient had the classical triad of the syndrome and harboured two mutations in the PDS gene in the form of compound heterozygosity. He was found to be heterozygous for a cytosine to adenosine mutation at nucleotide 1523 in exon 13 and for a IVS 1001 + 1G --> A mutation. The former is a novel mutation which results in a change of 508 threonine to asparagine in the putative eleventh transmembrane domain. The latter mutation in the donor splice site has already been described in other patients and is thought to lead to aberrant splicing and premature protein truncation. Three subjects who were heterozygous for one mutation had normal phenotypes. Two subjects had sensorineural deafness and were heterozygous for a single mutation. Goitre was found only in patients with Pendred's syndrome and was absent in all other individuals, albeit residing in an iodine-deficient area. CONCLUSIONS We have identified a novel mutation in the pendrin gene causing Pendred's syndrome, and confirm that molecular analysis is a useful tool for a definitive diagnosis. This is particularly relevant in cases such as in the subjects of our family in which the clinical features might be misleading and other genetics factors might be responsible for deafness.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bogazzi
- Dipartimento di Endocrinologia e Metabolismo, Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Medicina del Lavoro, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Abstract
Pendred's syndrome is characterized by goiter, sensorineural deafness and impaired iodide organification. It is one of the most frequent causes of congenital deafness accounting for about 10% of hereditary hearing loss. It is caused by mutations in the pendrin (PDS) gene, which was postulated to be a sulfate transporter, because of its homology with other genes. We tested sulfate transport in mammalian COS-7 cells that were transiently transfected with PDS cDNA. 35SO4 uptake increased in a time-dependent manner, but this phenomenon was similar in cells transfected with PDS and in mock-transfected cells (450 and 360 cpm/beta-gal units at 10 min, respectively; 38,250 and 31,000 cpm/beta-gal units, at 12 h, respectively). There was no significant increase in 35SO4 uptake using increasing amounts of PDS-containing plasmid (up to 12 microg per dish). These data indicate that pendrin is not a sulfate transporter. Additional functional studies on this protein are warranted to clarify its role in thyroid pathophysiology and inner ear development.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bogazzi
- Dipartimento di Endocrinologia e Metabolismo, Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Medicina del Lavoro, University of Pisa, Italy.
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Abstract
Clear atrial depolarizations from inside the esophagus have always been recorded in electrocardiology, but their precise origin is still under discussion. Though atrial signals are recorded along most of the esophagus, pacing of the atria is possible only in a short tract, probably where the esophagus is in contact with the posterior left atrium wall. In order to ascertain which portion of atria gives rise to the esophageal atrial signal recorded in the atrial pacing segment, we examined 37 patients with normal P waves on the standard ECG by inserting esophageal and endocavitary catheters. The interval between the earliest start of the P wave and the bipolar atrial deflection, was measured both through the esophagus (PA-Eso) and the Hisian region (PA-His) (the latest depolarization of interatrial septum). The former was longer than the latter (P < 0.001) in 36 of 37 patients, showing that the esophagus recorded atrial signal, at the site of effective pacing, originates outside the interatrial septum. As the atrial depolarization recorded through the esophagus is significantly delayed compared with the Hisian region recording, a pure left origin of the esophageal signal can be hypothesized. This is supported by the well-known delayed depolarization, during sinus rhythm, of the left atrium posterior wall compared with the right atrium and interatrial septum. Measuring the interval between the standard ECG P wave and atrial depolarization recorded through esophagus in the site of effective pacing, provides a reliable noninvasive estimate of interatrial time conduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bagliani
- Cardiology Department, Foligno General Hospital, Italy. vesalioabcsnet.it
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Bomba MA, Mandorla S, Notaristefano A, Raggi F, Solinas P. [Mitral prolapse: critical review of 87 cases studied with the T-motion technic]. Cardiologia 1982; 27:55-59. [PMID: 6892373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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Kronfeld DS, Raggi F, Frumin AM. Changing activity of erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and tolerances to glucose and tolbutamide in growing sheep. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1967; 124:1022-5. [PMID: 6024805 DOI: 10.3181/00379727-124-31913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Kronfeld DS, Raggi F. Irregular plasma glucose concentrations, elevated plasma non-esterified fatty acid concentrations and unchanged glucokinase activities in brain, muscle and liver during pregnancy toxaemia in sheep. Res Vet Sci 1966; 7:493-8. [PMID: 6008305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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50
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Kronfeld DS, Raggi F. Decreases in concentrations of the nicotinamide coenzymes in the livers of fasting pregnant sheep and of field cases of pregnancy toxaemia. Res Vet Sci 1966; 7:499-503. [PMID: 4382001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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