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Kutzler MA, Cusimano G, Joyner D, Konopka E, Muir R, Barnette P, Guderian M, Del Moral-Sánchez I, Derking R, Bijl T, Snitselaar J, Rotsides P, Woloszczuk K, Bell M, Canziani G, Chaiken I, Hessell A, Bartsch Y, Sanders R, Haddad E. The molecular immune modulator adenosine deaminase-1 enhances HIV specific humoral and cellular responses to a native-like HIV envelope trimer DNA vaccine. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4139764. [PMID: 38746176 PMCID: PMC11092827 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4139764/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
There is currently no prophylactic vaccine available for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Research efforts have resulted in improved immunogens that mimic the native envelope (Env) glycoprotein structure. Recently, a novel triple tandem trimer (TTT) platform has been used to generate a plasmid encoding Env immunogen (pBG505-TTT) that expresses only as trimers, making it more suitable for nucleic acid vaccines. We have previously demonstrated that adenosine deaminase-1 (ADA-1) is critical to the T follicular helper (TFH) function and improves vaccine immune responses in vivo. In this study, we demonstrate that co-delivery of plasmid-encoded adenosine deaminase 1 (pADA) with pBG505-TTT enhances the magnitude, durability, isotype switching and functionality of HIV-specific antibodies in a dose-sparing manner. Co-delivery of the molecular immune modulator ADA-1 also enhances HIV-specific T cell polyfunctionality, activation, and degranulation as well as memory B cell responses. These data demonstrate that pADA enhances HIV-specific cellular and humoral immunity, making ADA-1 a promising immune modulator for HIV-targeting vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tom Bijl
- Amsterdam University Medical Center
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Pawar P, Gokavi J, Wakhare S, Bagul R, Ghule U, Khan I, Ganu V, Mukherjee A, Shete A, Rao A, Saxena V. MiR-155 Negatively Regulates Anti-Viral Innate Responses among HIV-Infected Progressors. Viruses 2023; 15:2206. [PMID: 38005883 PMCID: PMC10675553 DOI: 10.3390/v15112206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV infection impairs host immunity, leading to progressive disease. An anti-retroviral treatment efficiently controls viremia but cannot completely restore the immune dysfunction in HIV-infected individuals. Both host and viral factors determine the rate of disease progression. Among the host factors, innate immunity plays a critical role; however, the mechanism(s) associated with dysfunctional innate responses are poorly understood among HIV disease progressors, which was investigated here. The gene expression profiles of TLRs and innate cytokines in HIV-infected (LTNPs and progressors) and HIV-uninfected individuals were examined. Since the progressors showed a dysregulated TLR-mediated innate response, we investigated the role of TLR agonists in restoring the innate functions of the progressors. The stimulation of PBMCs with TLR3 agonist-poly:(I:C), TLR7 agonist-GS-9620 and TLR9 agonist-ODN 2216 resulted in an increased expression of IFN-α, IFN-β and IL-6. Interestingly, the expression of IFITM3, BST-2, IFITM-3, IFI-16 was also increased upon stimulation with TLR3 and TLR7 agonists, respectively. To further understand the molecular mechanism involved, the role of miR-155 was explored. Increased miR-155 expression was noted among the progressors. MiR-155 inhibition upregulated the expression of TLR3, NF-κB, IRF-3, TNF-α and the APOBEC-3G, IFITM-3, IFI-16 and BST-2 genes in the PBMCs of the progressors. To conclude, miR-155 negatively regulates TLR-mediated cytokines as wel l as the expression of host restriction factors, which play an important role in mounting anti-HIV responses; hence, targeting miR-155 might be helpful in devising strategic approaches towards alleviating HIV disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Pawar
- Division of Immunology and Serology, ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune 411026, India; (P.P.); (J.G.); (S.W.); (V.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Jyotsna Gokavi
- Division of Immunology and Serology, ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune 411026, India; (P.P.); (J.G.); (S.W.); (V.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Shilpa Wakhare
- Division of Immunology and Serology, ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune 411026, India; (P.P.); (J.G.); (S.W.); (V.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Rajani Bagul
- Division of Clinical Sciences, ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune 411026, India; (R.B.); (U.G.); (A.R.)
| | - Ujjwala Ghule
- Division of Clinical Sciences, ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune 411026, India; (R.B.); (U.G.); (A.R.)
| | - Ishrat Khan
- Division of Virology, ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune 411026, India; (I.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Varada Ganu
- Division of Immunology and Serology, ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune 411026, India; (P.P.); (J.G.); (S.W.); (V.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Anupam Mukherjee
- Division of Virology, ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune 411026, India; (I.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Ashwini Shete
- Division of Immunology and Serology, ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune 411026, India; (P.P.); (J.G.); (S.W.); (V.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Amrita Rao
- Division of Clinical Sciences, ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune 411026, India; (R.B.); (U.G.); (A.R.)
| | - Vandana Saxena
- Division of Immunology and Serology, ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune 411026, India; (P.P.); (J.G.); (S.W.); (V.G.); (A.S.)
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3
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Hendy DA, Haven A, Bachelder EM, Ainslie KM. Preclinical developments in the delivery of protein antigens for vaccination. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2023; 20:367-384. [PMID: 36731824 PMCID: PMC9992317 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2176844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vaccine technology has constantly advanced since its origin. One of these advancements is where purified parts of a pathogen are used rather than the whole pathogen. Subunit vaccines have no chance of causing disease; however, alone these antigens are often poorly immunogenic. Therefore, they can be paired with immune stimulating adjuvants. Further, subunits can be combined with delivery strategies such as nano/microparticles to enrich their delivery to organs and cells of interest as well as protect them from in vivo degradation. Here, we seek to highlight some of the more promising delivery strategies for protein antigens. AREAS COVERED We present a brief description of the different types of vaccines, clinically relevant examples, and their disadvantages when compared to subunit vaccines. Also, specific preclinical examples of delivery strategies for protein antigens. EXPERT OPINION Subunit vaccines provide optimal safety given that they have no risk of causing disease; however, they are often not immunogenic enough on their own to provide protection. Advanced delivery systems are a promising avenue to increase the immunogenicity of subunit vaccines, but scalability and stability can be improved. Further, more research is warranted on systems that promote a mucosal immune response to provide better protection against infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan A. Hendy
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Alex Haven
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Eric M. Bachelder
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Kristy M. Ainslie
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Cusimano GM, Gary EN, Bell MR, Warner BM, Connors J, Tursi NJ, Ali AR, Zhang S, Canziani G, Taramangalam B, Gordon EA, Chaiken IM, Wootton SK, Smith T, Ramos S, Kobasa D, Weiner DB, Kutzler MA, Haddad EK. Improved Durability to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Immunity following Coimmunization with Molecular Adjuvant Adenosine Deaminase-1. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:118-127. [PMID: 35750334 PMCID: PMC9246991 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Although severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines have demonstrated strong immunogenicity and protection against severe disease, concerns about the duration and breadth of these responses remain. In this study, we show that codelivery of plasmid-encoded adenosine deaminase-1 (pADA) with SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein DNA enhances immune memory and durability in vivo. Coimmunized mice displayed increased spike-specific IgG of higher affinity and neutralizing capacity as compared with plasmid-encoded spike-only-immunized animals. Importantly, pADA significantly improved the longevity of these enhanced responses in vivo. This coincided with durable increases in frequencies of plasmablasts, receptor-binding domain-specific memory B cells, and SARS-CoV-2-specific T follicular helper cells. Increased spike-specific T cell polyfunctionality was also observed. Notably, animals coimmunized with pADA had significantly reduced viral loads compared with their nonadjuvanted counterparts in a SARS-CoV-2 infection model. These data suggest that pADA enhances immune memory and durability and supports further translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina M Cusimano
- Department of Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ebony N Gary
- The Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Matthew R Bell
- Department of Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Bryce M Warner
- Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jennifer Connors
- Department of Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Nicholas J Tursi
- The Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ali R Ali
- The Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Gabriela Canziani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Emma A Gordon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Irwin M Chaiken
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Sarah K Wootton
- Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Darwyn Kobasa
- Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - David B Weiner
- The Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Michele A Kutzler
- Department of Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA;
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Elias K Haddad
- Department of Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA;
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
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5
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Jiang Z, Wang C, Wu Z, Chen K, Yang W, Deng H, Song H, Zhou X. Enzymatic deamination of the epigenetic nucleoside N6-methyladenosine regulates gene expression. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:12048-12068. [PMID: 34850126 PMCID: PMC8643624 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab1124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is the most extensively studied epigenetic modification due to its crucial role in regulating an array of biological processes. Herein, Bsu06560, formerly annotated as an adenine deaminase derived from Bacillus subtilis 168, was recognized as the first enzyme capable of metabolizing the epigenetic nucleoside N6-methyladenosine. A model of Bsu06560 was constructed, and several critical residues were putatively identified via mutational screening. Two mutants, F91L and Q150W, provided a superiorly enhanced conversion ratio of adenosine and N6-methyladenosine. The CRISPR-Cas9 system generated Bsu06560-knockout, F91L, and Q150W mutations from the B. subtilis 168 genome. Transcriptional profiling revealed a higher global gene expression level in BS-F91L and BS-Q150W strains with enhanced N6-methyladenosine deaminase activity. The differentially expressed genes were categorized using GO, COG, KEGG and verified through RT-qPCR. This study assessed the crucial roles of Bsu06560 in regulating adenosine and N6-methyladenosine metabolism, which influence a myriad of biological processes. This is the first systematic research to identify and functionally annotate an enzyme capable of metabolizing N6-methyladenosine and highlight its significant roles in regulation of bacterial metabolism. Besides, this study provides a novel method for controlling gene expression through the mutations of critical residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoran Jiang
- The Institute of Advanced Studies, and Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers-Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, 40072 Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Chao Wang
- The Institute of Advanced Studies, and Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers-Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, 40072 Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Zixin Wu
- The Institute of Advanced Studies, and Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers-Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, 40072 Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Kun Chen
- The Institute of Advanced Studies, and Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers-Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, 40072 Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Wei Yang
- The Institute of Advanced Studies, and Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers-Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, 40072 Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Hexiang Deng
- The Institute of Advanced Studies, and Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers-Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, 40072 Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Heng Song
- The Institute of Advanced Studies, and Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers-Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, 40072 Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- The Institute of Advanced Studies, and Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers-Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, 40072 Wuhan, P.R. China
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6
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Franco R, Rivas-Santisteban R, Navarro G, Reyes-Resina I. Adenosine Receptor Antagonists to Combat Cancer and to Boost Anti-Cancer Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112831. [PMID: 34831054 PMCID: PMC8616521 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular adenosine accumulates in the environment of numerous tumors. For years, this fact has fueled preclinical research to determine whether adenosine receptors (ARs) could be the target to fight cancer. The four ARs discovered so far, A1, A2A, A2B and A3, belong to the class A family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and all four have been involved in one way or another in regulating tumor progression. Prompted by the successful anti-cancer immunotherapy, the focus was placed on the ARs more involved in regulation of immune cell differentiation and activation and that are able to establish molecular and functional interactions. This review focuses on the potential of A2A and A2B receptor antagonists in cancer control and in boosting anti-cancer chemotherapy and immunotherapy. The article also overviews the ongoing clinical trials in which A2AR and A2BR ligands are being tested in anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Franco
- CiberNed, Network Research Center, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Spanish National Health Institute Carlos III, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (R.R.-S.); (G.N.); (I.R.-R.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: or
| | - Rafael Rivas-Santisteban
- CiberNed, Network Research Center, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Spanish National Health Institute Carlos III, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (R.R.-S.); (G.N.); (I.R.-R.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Navarro
- CiberNed, Network Research Center, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Spanish National Health Institute Carlos III, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (R.R.-S.); (G.N.); (I.R.-R.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Reyes-Resina
- CiberNed, Network Research Center, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Spanish National Health Institute Carlos III, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (R.R.-S.); (G.N.); (I.R.-R.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Hixson EA, Borker PV, Jackson EK, Macatangay BJ. The Adenosine Pathway and Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Inflammation. Open Forum Infect Dis 2021; 8:ofab396. [PMID: 34557556 PMCID: PMC8454523 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofab396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is associated with an increased risk of age-associated comorbidities and mortality compared to people without HIV. This has been attributed to HIV-associated chronic inflammation and immune activation despite viral suppression. The adenosine pathway is an established mechanism by which the body regulates persistent inflammation to limit tissue damage associated with inflammatory conditions. However, HIV infection is associated with derangements in the adenosine pathway that limits its ability to control HIV-associated inflammation. This article reviews the function of purinergic signaling and the role of the adenosine signaling pathway in HIV-associated chronic inflammation. This review also discusses the beneficial and potential detrimental effects of pharmacotherapeutic strategies targeting this pathway among people with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Hixson
- Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Priya V Borker
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Edwin K Jackson
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bernard J Macatangay
- Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania, USA
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8
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Chakhtoura M, Fang M, Cubas R, O’Connor MH, Nichols CN, Richardson B, Talla A, Moir S, Cameron MJ, Tardif V, Haddad EK. Germinal Center T follicular helper (GC-Tfh) cell impairment in chronic HIV infection involves c-Maf signaling. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009732. [PMID: 34280251 PMCID: PMC8289045 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recently demonstrated that the function of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells from lymph nodes (LN) of HIV-infected individuals is impaired. We found that these cells were unable to provide proper help to germinal center (GC)-B cells, as observed by altered and inefficient anti-HIV antibody response and premature death of memory B cells. The underlying molecular mechanisms of this dysfunction remain poorly defined. Herein, we have used a unique transcriptional approach to identify these molecular defects. We consequently determined the transcriptional profiles of LN GC-Tfh cells following their interactions with LN GC-B cells from HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected individuals, rather than analyzing resting ex-vivo GC-Tfh cells. We observed that proliferating GC-Tfh cells from HIV-infected subjects were transcriptionally different than their HIV-uninfected counterparts, and displayed a significant downregulation of immune- and GC-Tfh-associated pathways and genes. Our results strongly demonstrated that MAF (coding for the transcription factor c-Maf) and its upstream signaling pathway mediators (IL6R and STAT3) were significantly downregulated in HIV-infected subjects, which could contribute to the impaired GC-Tfh and GC-B cell functions reported during infection. We further showed that c-Maf function was associated with the adenosine pathway and that the signaling upstream c-Maf could be partially restored by adenosine deaminase -1 (ADA-1) supplementation. Overall, we identified a novel mechanism that contributes to GC-Tfh cell impairment during HIV infection. Understanding how GC-Tfh cell function is altered in HIV is crucial and could provide critical information about the mechanisms leading to the development and maintenance of effective anti-HIV antibodies. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains a worldwide burden despite available treatments. The virus induces dysregulations in major immune cells and organs including lymph nodes. Germinal center T follicular helper (GC-Tfh) cells are immune cells which induce specific anti-HIV antibodies by helping GC-B cells. In chronic HIV, the interaction between these two cell types is defective, leading to modified and inefficient anti-HIV antibody responses. In this study, we examined the underlying mechanisms of this dysfunction. We observed that proliferating GC-Tfh cells from HIV-infected individuals, displayed distinctive gene expression than those from -uninfected subjects, following GC-B cell interaction. Furthermore, GC-Tfh cells from HIV patients showed a reduction in important immune-related pathway and gene expression. A number of essential GC-Tfh cell genes, such as MAF and its associated genes (IL6R and STAT3), were particularly attenuated in HIV, contributing to the impaired cells function. Moreover, we found an association between MAF function and the key enzyme adenosine deaminase-1 (ADA-1), where supplementation with ADA-1 partially restored the dysfunctional signaling in GC-Tfh cells during chronic infection. Understanding how GC-Tfh cells are altered in HIV is critical to elucidate the mechanisms leading to effective anti-HIV antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marita Chakhtoura
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases & HIV Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Mike Fang
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Services, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Rafael Cubas
- Iovance Biotherapeutics, San Carlos, California, United States of America
| | - Margaret H. O’Connor
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases & HIV Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Genetics, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Carmen N. Nichols
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Services, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Brian Richardson
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Services, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Aarthi Talla
- Allen Institute for Immunology, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Susan Moir
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mark J. Cameron
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Services, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Virginie Tardif
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases & HIV Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Sorbonne University, INSERM, Center of Reasearch in Myology (Association Institut de Myologie) UMRS 974, AP-HP, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, DHU I2B, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
- * E-mail: (VT); (EKH)
| | - Elias K. Haddad
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases & HIV Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (VT); (EKH)
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9
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Adenosine Deaminase as a Biomarker of Tenofovir Mediated Inflammation in Naïve HIV Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103590. [PMID: 32438744 PMCID: PMC7278965 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasma levels of adenosine deaminase (ADA), an enzyme that deaminates adenosine to inosine, are increased during inflammation. An increase in ADA activity occurs with lower human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) viral load and higher CD4+ T cell counts. We aimed to investigate the role of plasma ADA as a biomarker of inflammation in treatment-naïve HIV patients who received tenofovir or another nucleoside analog for comparison. Ninety-two treatment-naïve patients were included in the study and grouped by treatment, i.e., tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) or Triumeq. ADA activity was measured in plasma and cytokines were analyzed by MILLIPLEX® MAP-Luminex® Technology. Plasma concentration of monocytes and neutrophils was measured at 0, 3, and 12 months post-treatment. Treatment-naïve HIV patients had increased ADA concentrations (over 15 U/L) that decreased after treatment with TAF and Triumeq, though this did not occur in TDF-treated patients. However, all groups exhibited a pro-inflammatory systemic profile at 12 months of treatment. Plasma GM-CSF levels decreased after 12 months of treatment in the TDF group, with a concomitant decrease in blood monocyte count, and a negative correlation with ADA values was found. In conclusion, ADA levels may be modulated by antiretroviral therapy in HIV patients, possibly affecting inflammatory status.
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10
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Tardif V, Muir R, Cubas R, Chakhtoura M, Wilkinson P, Metcalf T, Herro R, Haddad EK. Adenosine deaminase-1 delineates human follicular helper T cell function and is altered with HIV. Nat Commun 2019; 10:823. [PMID: 30778076 PMCID: PMC6379489 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08801-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicular helper T cells (Tfh) play critical roles instructing, and initiating T-cell dependent antibody responses. The underlying mechanisms that enhance their function is therefore critical for vaccine development. Here we apply gene array analysis identifying adenosine deaminase (ADA) as a key molecule that delineates a human Tfh helper program in proliferating circulating Tfh (cTfh) cells and Germinal Centers Tfh (GC-Tfh). ADA-1 expression and enzymatic activity are increased in efficient cTfh2-17/GC-Tfh cells. Exogenous ADA-1 enhances less efficient cTfh1 and pro-follicular Tfh PD-1+ CXCR5+ cells to provide B cell help, while pharmacological inhibition of ADA-1 activity impedes cTfh2-17/GC-Tfh function and diminished antibody response. Mechanistically, ADA-1 controls the Tfh program by influencing IL6/IL-2 production, controlling CD26 extracellular expression and could balance signals through adenosine receptors. Interestingly, dysfunctional Tfh from HIV infected-individual fail to regulate the ADA pathway. Thus, ADA-1 regulates human Tfh and represents a potential target for development of vaccine strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Tardif
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, 19102, PA, USA
| | - Roshell Muir
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, 19102, PA, USA
| | | | - Marita Chakhtoura
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, 19102, PA, USA
| | - Peter Wilkinson
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Talibah Metcalf
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, 19102, PA, USA
| | - Rana Herro
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, San Diego, 92037, CA, USA
| | - Elias K Haddad
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, 19102, PA, USA.
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11
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Adenosine signaling and adenosine deaminase regulation of immune responses: impact on the immunopathogenesis of HIV infection. Purinergic Signal 2018; 14:309-320. [PMID: 30097807 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-018-9619-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), which has devastating effects on the host immune system. HIV entry into host cells and subsequent viral replication induce a proinflammatory response, hyperactivating immune cells and leading them to death, disfunction, and exhaustion. Adenosine is an immunomodulatory molecule that suppresses immune cell function to protect tissue integrity. The anti-inflammatory properties of adenosine modulate the chronic inflammation and immune activation caused by HIV. Lack of adenosine contributes to pathogenic events in HIV infection. However, immunosuppression by adenosine has its shortcomings, such as impairing the immune response, hindering the elimination of the virus and control of viral replication. By attempting to control inflammation, adenosine feeds a pathogenic cycle affecting immune cells. Deamination of adenosine by ADA (adenosine deaminase) counteracts the negative effects of adenosine in immune cells, boosting the immune response. This review comprises the connection between adenosinergic system and HIV immunopathogenesis, exploring defects in immune cell function and the role of ADA in protecting these cells against damage.
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Moreno E, Canet J, Gracia E, Lluís C, Mallol J, Canela EI, Cortés A, Casadó V. Molecular Evidence of Adenosine Deaminase Linking Adenosine A 2A Receptor and CD26 Proteins. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:106. [PMID: 29497379 PMCID: PMC5818423 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenosine is an endogenous purine nucleoside that acts in all living systems as a homeostatic network regulator through many pathways, which are adenosine receptor (AR)-dependent and -independent. From a metabolic point of view, adenosine deaminase (ADA) is an essential protein in the regulation of the total intracellular and extracellular adenosine in a tissue. In addition to its cytosolic localization, ADA is also expressed as an ecto-enzyme on the surface of different cells. Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (CD26) and some ARs act as binding proteins for extracellular ADA in humans. Since CD26 and ARs interact with ADA at opposite sites, we have investigated if ADA can function as a cell-to-cell communication molecule by bridging the anchoring molecules CD26 and A2AR present on the surfaces of the interacting cells. By combining site-directed mutagenesis of ADA amino acids involved in binding to A2AR and a modification of the bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) technique that allows detection of interactions between two proteins expressed in different cell populations with low steric hindrance (NanoBRET), we show direct evidence of the specific formation of trimeric complexes CD26-ADA-A2AR involving two cells. By dynamic mass redistribution assays and ligand binding experiments, we also demonstrate that A2AR-NanoLuc fusion proteins are functional. The existence of this ternary complex is in good agreement with the hypothesis that ADA could bridge T-cells (expressing CD26) and dendritic cells (expressing A2AR). This is a new metabolic function for ecto-ADA that, being a single chain protein, it has been considered as an example of moonlighting protein, because it performs more than one functional role (as a catalyst, a costimulator, an allosteric modulator and a cell-to-cell connector) without partitioning these functions in different subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Moreno
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Júlia Canet
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduard Gracia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carme Lluís
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josefa Mallol
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enric I. Canela
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antoni Cortés
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicent Casadó
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, Spain
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13
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Naval-Macabuhay I, Casanova V, Navarro G, García F, León A, Miralles L, Rovira C, Martinez-Navio JM, Gallart T, Mallol J, Gatell JM, Lluís C, Franco R, McCormick PJ, Climent N. Adenosine deaminase regulates Treg expression in autologous T cell-dendritic cell cocultures from patients infected with HIV-1. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 99:349-59. [PMID: 26310829 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3a1214-580rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells have an important role in immune suppression during HIV-1 infection. As regulatory T cells produce the immunomodulatory molecule adenosine, our aim here was to assess the potential of adenosine removal to revert the suppression of anti-HIV responses exerted by regulatory T cells. The experimental setup consisted of ex vivo cocultures of T and dendritic cells, to which adenosine deaminase, an enzyme that hydrolyzes adenosine, was added. In cells from healthy individuals, adenosine hydrolysis decreased CD4(+)CD25(hi) regulatory T cells. Addition of 5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine, an adenosine receptor agonist, significantly decreased CD4(+)CD25(lo) cells, confirming a modulatory role of adenosine acting via adenosine receptors. In autologous cocultures of T cells with HIV-1-pulsed dendritic cells, addition of adenosine deaminase led to a significant decrease of HIV-1-induced CD4(+)CD25(hi) forkhead box p3(+) cells and to a significant enhancement of the HIV-1-specific CD4(+) responder T cells. An increase in the effector response was confirmed by the enhanced production of CD4(+) and CD8(+) CD25(-)CD45RO(+) memory cell generation and secretion of Th1 cytokines, including IFN-γ and IL-15 and chemokines MIP-1α/CCL3, MIP-1β/CCL4, and RANTES/CCL5. These ex vivo results show, in a physiologically relevant model, that adenosine deaminase is able to enhance HIV-1 effector responses markedly. The possibility to revert regulatory T cell-mediated inhibition of immune responses by use of adenosine deaminase, an enzyme that hydrolyzes adenosine, merits attention for restoring T lymphocyte function in HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Naval-Macabuhay
- *Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, and Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer-AIDS Research Group and Catalonian Center for HIV Vaccines, Barcelona, Spain; Infectious Diseases and AIDS Unit and Service of Immunology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Spain; and School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom
| | - Víctor Casanova
- *Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, and Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer-AIDS Research Group and Catalonian Center for HIV Vaccines, Barcelona, Spain; Infectious Diseases and AIDS Unit and Service of Immunology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Spain; and School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom
| | - Gemma Navarro
- *Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, and Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer-AIDS Research Group and Catalonian Center for HIV Vaccines, Barcelona, Spain; Infectious Diseases and AIDS Unit and Service of Immunology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Spain; and School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom
| | - Felipe García
- *Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, and Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer-AIDS Research Group and Catalonian Center for HIV Vaccines, Barcelona, Spain; Infectious Diseases and AIDS Unit and Service of Immunology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Spain; and School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom
| | - Agathe León
- *Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, and Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer-AIDS Research Group and Catalonian Center for HIV Vaccines, Barcelona, Spain; Infectious Diseases and AIDS Unit and Service of Immunology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Spain; and School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom
| | - Laia Miralles
- *Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, and Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer-AIDS Research Group and Catalonian Center for HIV Vaccines, Barcelona, Spain; Infectious Diseases and AIDS Unit and Service of Immunology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Spain; and School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom
| | - Cristina Rovira
- *Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, and Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer-AIDS Research Group and Catalonian Center for HIV Vaccines, Barcelona, Spain; Infectious Diseases and AIDS Unit and Service of Immunology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Spain; and School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom
| | - José M Martinez-Navio
- *Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, and Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer-AIDS Research Group and Catalonian Center for HIV Vaccines, Barcelona, Spain; Infectious Diseases and AIDS Unit and Service of Immunology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Spain; and School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom
| | - Teresa Gallart
- *Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, and Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer-AIDS Research Group and Catalonian Center for HIV Vaccines, Barcelona, Spain; Infectious Diseases and AIDS Unit and Service of Immunology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Spain; and School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom
| | - Josefa Mallol
- *Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, and Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer-AIDS Research Group and Catalonian Center for HIV Vaccines, Barcelona, Spain; Infectious Diseases and AIDS Unit and Service of Immunology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Spain; and School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom
| | - José M Gatell
- *Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, and Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer-AIDS Research Group and Catalonian Center for HIV Vaccines, Barcelona, Spain; Infectious Diseases and AIDS Unit and Service of Immunology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Spain; and School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom
| | - Carme Lluís
- *Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, and Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer-AIDS Research Group and Catalonian Center for HIV Vaccines, Barcelona, Spain; Infectious Diseases and AIDS Unit and Service of Immunology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Spain; and School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom
| | - Rafael Franco
- *Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, and Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer-AIDS Research Group and Catalonian Center for HIV Vaccines, Barcelona, Spain; Infectious Diseases and AIDS Unit and Service of Immunology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Spain; and School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J McCormick
- *Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, and Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer-AIDS Research Group and Catalonian Center for HIV Vaccines, Barcelona, Spain; Infectious Diseases and AIDS Unit and Service of Immunology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Spain; and School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom
| | - Núria Climent
- *Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, and Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer-AIDS Research Group and Catalonian Center for HIV Vaccines, Barcelona, Spain; Infectious Diseases and AIDS Unit and Service of Immunology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Spain; and School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom
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14
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Cortés A, Gracia E, Moreno E, Mallol J, Lluís C, Canela EI, Casadó V. Moonlighting Adenosine Deaminase: A Target Protein for Drug Development. Med Res Rev 2014; 35:85-125. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Cortés
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED); Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Faculty of Biology; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Eduard Gracia
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED); Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Faculty of Biology; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Estefania Moreno
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED); Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Faculty of Biology; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Josefa Mallol
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED); Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Faculty of Biology; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Carme Lluís
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED); Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Faculty of Biology; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Enric I. Canela
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED); Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Faculty of Biology; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Vicent Casadó
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED); Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Faculty of Biology; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
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15
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García F, Plana M, Climent N, León A, Gatell JM, Gallart T. Dendritic cell based vaccines for HIV infection: the way ahead. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2013; 9:2445-52. [PMID: 23912672 PMCID: PMC3981855 DOI: 10.4161/hv.25876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells have a central role in HIV infection. On one hand, they are essential to induce strong HIV-specific CD4⁺ helper T-cell responses that are crucial to achieve a sustained and effective HIV-specific CD8⁺ cytotoxic T-lymphocyte able to control HIV replication. On the other hand, DCs contribute to virus dissemination and HIV itself could avoid a correct antigen presentation. As the efficacy of immune therapy and therapeutic vaccines against HIV infection has been modest in the best of cases, it has been hypothesized that ex vivo generated DC therapeutic vaccines aimed to induce effective specific HIV immune responses might overcome some of these problems. In fact, DC-based vaccine clinical trials have yielded the best results in this field. However, despite these encouraging results, functional cure has not been reached with this strategy in any patient. In this Commentary, we discuss new approaches to improve the efficacy and feasibility of this type of therapeutic vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe García
- Hospital Clinic-HIVACAT; IDIBAPS; University of Barcelona; Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Plana
- Hospital Clinic-HIVACAT; IDIBAPS; University of Barcelona; Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Climent
- Hospital Clinic-HIVACAT; IDIBAPS; University of Barcelona; Barcelona, Spain
| | - Agathe León
- Hospital Clinic-HIVACAT; IDIBAPS; University of Barcelona; Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose M Gatell
- Hospital Clinic-HIVACAT; IDIBAPS; University of Barcelona; Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Gallart
- Hospital Clinic-HIVACAT; IDIBAPS; University of Barcelona; Barcelona, Spain
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16
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Adenosine deaminase enhances the immunogenicity of human dendritic cells from healthy and HIV-infected individuals. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51287. [PMID: 23240012 PMCID: PMC3519778 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
ADA is an enzyme implicated in purine metabolism, and is critical to ensure normal immune function. Its congenital deficit leads to severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). ADA binding to adenosine receptors on dendritic cell surface enables T-cell costimulation through CD26 crosslinking, which enhances T-cell activation and proliferation. Despite a large body of work on the actions of the ecto-enzyme ADA on T-cell activation, questions arise on whether ADA can also modulate dendritic cell maturation. To this end we investigated the effects of ADA on human monocyte derived dendritic cell biology. Our results show that both the enzymatic and non-enzymatic activities of ADA are implicated in the enhancement of CD80, CD83, CD86, CD40 and CCR7 expression on immature dendritic cells from healthy and HIV-infected individuals. These ADA-mediated increases in CD83 and costimulatory molecule expression is concomitant to an enhanced IL-12, IL-6, TNF-α, CXCL8(IL-8), CCL3(MIP1-α), CCL4(MIP-1β) and CCL5(RANTES) cytokine/chemokine secretion both in healthy and HIV-infected individuals and to an altered apoptotic death in cells from HIV-infected individuals. Consistently, ADA-mediated actions on iDCs are able to enhance allogeneic CD4 and CD8-T-cell proliferation, globally yielding increased iDC immunogenicity. Taken together, these findings suggest that ADA would promote enhanced and correctly polarized T-cell responses in strategies targeting asymptomatic HIV-infected individuals.
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17
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Gracia E, Farré D, Cortés A, Ferrer-Costa C, Orozco M, Mallol J, Lluís C, Canela EI, McCormick PJ, Franco R, Fanelli F, Casadó V. The catalytic site structural gate of adenosine deaminase allosterically modulates ligand binding to adenosine receptors. FASEB J 2012. [PMID: 23193172 DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-212621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADA) is a multifunctional protein that can both degrade adenosine and bind extracellularly to adenosine receptors, acting as an allosteric modulator regulating the hormonal effects of adenosine. The molecular regions of ADA responsible for the latter are unknown. In this work, alanine scanning mutagenesis of various ADA amino acid stretches, selected through in silico docking experiments, allowed us to identify regions of the enzyme responsible for modulating both its catalytic activity and its ability to modulate agonist binding to A and A adenosine receptors (AR and AR). The combination of computational and in vitro experiments show that the structural gate to the catalytic site; i.e., the α-1 helix containing residues L58-I72 and the loop containing residues A184-I188 of ADA, were important to maintain both the catalytic efficiency of the enzyme and its action as an allosteric modulator of the adenosine receptors. These data are consistent with a predicted supramolecular assembly, in which ADA bridges AR and CD26 and are in line with the notion that the interaction of ADA with adenosine receptors has an important role in the immunosynapse. We propose that it is the ADA open form, but not the closed one, that is responsible for the functional interaction with A₁R and A₂AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Gracia
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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18
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Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, undetermined colitis) are a group of chronic autoimmune inflammatory diseases distinguished by recurrent inflammation of various parts of the gastrointestinal (GI) system and presenting a significant public health problem. Despite large basic and clinical research, the aetiology of these diseases and the pathogenesis of inflammation itself remain elusive. Previous studies have confirmed a causal relationship between mediators of inflammatory response and molecules involved in the regulation of their biological activity, especially proteases. The aim of this review is to summarise earlier findings on different aspects of inflammatory bowel diseases, paying particular attention to the involvement of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (CD26 molecule, DPP IV/CD26) in the etiopathogenesis of inflammatory processes in the GI tract. Animal studies of colitis have significantly contributed to the understanding and treatment of these diseases, investigations of ulcerative colitis (DSS-colitis) and Crohn's disease (TNBS-colitis) on the murine model in particular.
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Mauricio Rueda C, Andrea Velilla P, Rojas M, Teresa Rugeles M. AMPc: una molécula clave en los eventos de regulación inmune y en el control de la replicación del VIH. INFECTIO 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0123-9392(12)70058-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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20
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Martinez-Navio JM, Climent N, Gallart T, Lluis C, Franco R. An old enzyme for current needs: adenosine deaminase and a dendritic cell vaccine for HIV. Immunol Cell Biol 2011; 90:594-600. [PMID: 21931337 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2011.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
After nearly three decades of searching for a vaccine against HIV, a cure for this pandemic disease still remains elusive. The low immunogenicity of the surface proteins and the huge variability of the virus, together with the immunocompromised status of the host, have made developing an HIV vaccine an uphill battle. Over the past few years, both immunogen design and immunization strategies have improved, providing hope for future, although the anti-HIV responses achieved still remain modest. As developing a prophylactic vaccine seems unlikely nowadays, efforts have focused on alternative therapeutic immunization approaches, although these still need to be further optimized. Using an immunomodulator capable of restoring immune function in the context of infection, thereby boosting cell-mediated and humoral responses, could be critical in effectively improving current therapeutic approaches. Adenosine deaminase, a protein with a pivotal role in T-cell co-stimulation, has been shown to robustly enhance specific T-cell responses against HIV in vitro. Although its role in humoral responses has not yet been assessed, genetic defects in this enzyme are associated with impaired cellular and humoral responses. Importantly, this molecule is already commercially available pharmaceutically and, therefore, it fulfils all the requirements to be assayed as an anti-HIV vaccine adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Martinez-Navio
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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21
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A2A adenosine receptor ligand binding and signalling is allosterically modulated by adenosine deaminase. Biochem J 2011; 435:701-9. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20101749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A2ARs (adenosine A2A receptors) are highly enriched in the striatum, which is the main motor control CNS (central nervous system) area. BRET (bioluminescence resonance energy transfer) assays showed that A2AR homomers may act as cell-surface ADA (adenosine deaminase; EC 3.5.4.4)-binding proteins. ADA binding affected the quaternary structure of A2ARs present on the cell surface. ADA binding to adenosine A2ARs increased both agonist and antagonist affinity on ligand binding to striatal membranes where these proteins are co-expressed. ADA also increased receptor-mediated ERK1/2 (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2) phosphorylation. Collectively, the results of the present study show that ADA, apart from regulating the concentration of extracellular adenosine, may behave as an allosteric modulator that markedly enhances ligand affinity and receptor function. This powerful regulation may have implications for the physiology and pharmacology of neuronal A2ARs.
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Abstract
CD26 is a 110-kDa surface glycoprotein with intrinsic dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) activity that is expressed on various cell types and has many biological functions. An important aspect of CD26 biology is its peptidase activity and its functional and physical association with molecules with key roles in human immunological programs. CD26 role in immune regulation has been extensively characterized, with recent findings elucidating its link age with signaling pathways and structures involved in T cell activation a well as antigen-presenting cell-T cell interaction, being a marker of diseas behavior clinically as well as playing an important role in autoimmune pathogenesis and development. Through the use of various experimental approaches and agents to influence CD26/DPPIV expression and activity, such as anti-CD26 antibodies, CD26/DPPIV chemical inhibitors, siRNAs to inhibit CD26 expression, overexpressing CD26 transfectants, soluble CD26 molecules and proteomic approach, we have shown that CD26 interacts with structures with essential cellular functions in T cell responses. We will review emerging data that suggest CD26 may be an appropriate therapeutic target for the treatment of selected immune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Ohnuma
- Division of Rheumatology and Allergy, Research Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Martinez-Navio JM, Casanova V, Pacheco R, Naval-Macabuhay I, Climent N, Garcia F, Gatell JM, Mallol J, Gallart T, Lluis C, Franco R. Adenosine deaminase potentiates the generation of effector, memory, and regulatory CD4+ T cells. J Leukoc Biol 2010; 89:127-36. [PMID: 20959412 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1009696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
By interacting with CD26 on the CD4+ T cell surface and with the AdoR A(₂B) on the DC surface, ADA triggers a costimulatory signal for human T cells. The aim of this study was to know whether ADA-mediated costimulation plays a role in the differentiation of T cells. The results show that irrespective of its enzymatic activity and dependent on TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-6 action, ADA enhanced the differentiation of CD4+CD45RA+CD45RO⁻ naïve T cells toward CD4+CD25+CD45RO+ Teffs and CD4+CD45RA⁻CD45RO+ memory T cells. Furthermore, ADA potentiated generation of CD4+CD25(high)Foxp3+ Tregs by a mechanism that seems to be mainly dependent on the enzymatic activity of ADA. Interestingly, an ADA-mediated increase on Teff, memory T cell, and Treg generation occurred, not only in cocultures from healthy individuals but also from HIV-infected patients. These data suggest that ADA is a relevant modulator of CD4+ T cell differentiation, even in cells from immunologically compromised individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Martinez-Navio
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Spain
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