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Hu W, Song X, Yu H, Fan S, Shi A, Sun J, Wang H, Zhao L, Zhao Y. Suppression of B-Cell Activation by Human Cord Blood-Derived Stem Cells (CB-SCs) through the Galectin-9-Dependent Mechanism. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1830. [PMID: 38339108 PMCID: PMC10855911 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
We developed the Stem Cell Educator therapy among multiple clinical trials based on the immune modulations of multipotent cord blood-derived stem cells (CB-SCs) on different compartments of immune cells, such as T cells and monocytes/macrophages, in type 1 diabetes and other autoimmune diseases. However, the effects of CB-SCs on the B cells remained unclear. To better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the immune education of CB-SCs, we explored the modulations of CB-SCs on human B cells. CB-SCs were isolated from human cord blood units and confirmed by flow cytometry with different markers for their purity. B cells were purified by using anti-CD19 immunomagnetic beads from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Next, the activated B cells were treated in the presence or absence of coculture with CB-SCs for 7 days before undergoing flow cytometry analysis of phenotypic changes with different markers. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was utilized to evaluate the levels of galectin expressions on CB-SCs with or without treatment of activated B cells in order to find the key galectin that was contributing to the B-cell modulation. Flow cytometry demonstrated that the proliferation of activated B cells was markedly suppressed in the presence of CB-SCs, leading to the downregulation of immunoglobulin production from the activated B cells. Phenotypic analysis revealed that treatment with CB-SCs increased the percentage of IgD+CD27- naïve B cells, but decreased the percentage of IgD-CD27+ switched B cells. The transwell assay showed that the immune suppression of CB-SCs on B cells was dependent on the galectin-9 molecule, as confirmed by the blocking experiment with the anti-galectin-9 monoclonal antibody. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that both calcium levels of cytoplasm and mitochondria were downregulated after the treatment with CB-SCs, causing the decline in mitochondrial membrane potential in the activated B cells. Western blot exhibited that the levels of phosphorylated Akt and Erk1/2 signaling proteins in the activated B cells were also markedly reduced in the presence of CB-SCs. CB-SCs displayed multiple immune modulations on B cells through the galectin-9-mediated mechanism and calcium flux/Akt/Erk1/2 signaling pathways. The data advance our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the Stem Cell Educator therapy to treat autoimmune diseases in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA; (W.H.)
| | - Xiang Song
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA; (W.H.)
| | - Haibo Yu
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA; (W.H.)
| | - Sophia Fan
- Throne Biotechnologies, Paramus, NJ 07652, USA
| | - Andrew Shi
- Throne Biotechnologies, Paramus, NJ 07652, USA
| | - Jingyu Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA; (J.S.); (H.W.)
| | - Hongjun Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA; (J.S.); (H.W.)
| | - Laura Zhao
- Throne Biotechnologies, Paramus, NJ 07652, USA
| | - Yong Zhao
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA; (W.H.)
- Throne Biotechnologies, Paramus, NJ 07652, USA
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Vanderlinden LA, Bemis EA, Seifert J, Guthridge JM, Young KA, Demoruelle MK, Feser M, DeJager W, Macwana S, Mikuls TR, O'Dell JR, Weisman MH, Buckner J, Keating RM, Gaffney PM, Kelly JA, Langefeld CD, Deane KD, James JA, Holers VM, Norris JM. Relationship Between a Vitamin D Genetic Risk Score and Autoantibodies Among First-Degree Relatives of Probands With Rheumatoid Arthritis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Front Immunol 2022; 13:881332. [PMID: 35720397 PMCID: PMC9205604 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.881332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Higher 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels have been associated with reduced risk for autoimmune diseases and are influenced by vitamin D metabolism genes. We estimated genetically-determined vitamin D levels by calculating a genetic risk score (GRS) and investigated whether the vitamin D GRS was associated with the presence of autoantibodies related to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in those at increased risk for developing RA and SLE, respectively. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we selected autoantibody positive (aAb+) and autoantibody negative (aAb-) individuals from the Studies of the Etiologies of Rheumatoid Arthritis (SERA), a cohort study of first-degree relatives (FDRs) of individuals with RA (189 RA aAb+, 181 RA aAb-), and the Lupus Family Registry and Repository (LFRR), a cohort study of FDRs of individuals with SLE (157 SLE aAb+, 185 SLE aAb-). Five SNPs known to be associated with serum 25(OH)D levels were analyzed individually as well as in a GRS: rs4588 (GC), rs12785878 (NADSYN1), rs10741657 (CYP2R1), rs6538691 (AMDHD1), and rs8018720 (SEC23A). Results Both cohorts had similar demographic characteristics, with significantly older and a higher proportion of males in the aAb+ FDRs. The vitamin D GRS was inversely associated with RA aAb+ (OR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.74-0.99), suggesting a possible protective factor for RA aAb positivity in FDRs of RA probands. The vitamin D GRS was not associated with SLE aAb+ in the LFRR (OR = 1.09, 95% CI = 0.94-1.27). The SEC23A SNP was associated with RA aAb+ in SERA (OR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.43-0.99); this SNP was not associated with SLE aAb+ in LFRR (OR = 1.41, 95% CI = 0.90 - 2.19). Conclusion Genes associated with vitamin D levels may play a protective role in the development of RA aAbs in FDRs of RA probands, perhaps through affecting lifelong vitamin D status. The GRS and the SEC23A SNP may be of interest for future investigation in pre-clinical RA. In contrast, these results do not support a similar association in SLE FDRs, suggesting other mechanisms involved in the relationship between vitamin D and SLE aAbs not assessed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Vanderlinden
- Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Bemis
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Jennifer Seifert
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Joel M Guthridge
- Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Kendra A Young
- Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Mary Kristen Demoruelle
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Marie Feser
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Wade DeJager
- Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Susan Macwana
- Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Ted R Mikuls
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Nebraska Medical Center and VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - James R O'Dell
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Nebraska Medical Center and VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Michael H Weisman
- Division of Rheumatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jane Buckner
- Center for Translational Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute (BRI) at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Richard M Keating
- Division of Rheumatology, Scripps Health, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Patrick M Gaffney
- Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Jennifer A Kelly
- Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Carl D Langefeld
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, United States.,Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, United States
| | - Kevin D Deane
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Judith A James
- Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Vernon Michael Holers
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Jill M Norris
- Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
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Huang Y, Pan C, Liu Y, Lin S, Zhan Y, Zhang Y, Zhan F. Immune Function and Mechanism of Costimulating Molecules PD-1 and OX40 in Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2021; 40:530-539. [PMID: 33201766 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2020.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a T lymphocyte-mediated autoimmune disease, although its immune mechanism has not been fully studied. In this study, healthy controls (HC), osteoarthritis patients (OA), and RA patients were enrolled, and mice were evenly divided into control, collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), PD-1 Fc/CIA (PD-1 Fc membrane fusion protein administered to CIA mice), OX40 Fc/CIA (OX40 Fc membrane fusion protein administered to CIA mice), and PD-1 Fc + OX40 Fc/CIA groups. The expressions of programmed death-1 (PD-1) and OX40 in CD4+ T lymphocytes and the levels of sPD-1, immunoglobulin, and proinflammatory factors in patients and mice were measured. The results showed that the expression levels of PD-1 and OX40 in CD4+ T lymphocytes separated from the peripheral blood and synovial fluid of RA patients and the spleen of CIA mice were observably elevated. The levels of soluble PD-1, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-17, and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in RA patients obviously increased. In animal experiments, PD-1 Fc not only increased the serum levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgG1, and IgG2a in CIA mice, but also increased the levels of IL-4, IL-2, IL-5, IL-17, and IFN-γ in mouse spleen cells and joint tissues, which, however, were reversed by OX40 Fc. In conclusion, OX40 inhibition could reverse the progression of RA caused by PD-1 blocking, and PD-1 might be a potential target for RA. Clinical Trials.gov ID: HGH2018012203.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, China
| | - Chuying Pan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, China
| | - Shudian Lin
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, China
| | - Yuwei Zhan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, China
| | - Feng Zhan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, China
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Li P, Wang X, Guo X, Wen Y, Liu L, Liang X, Du Y, Wu C, Wang S, Zhang F. Integrative analysis of genome-wide association study and expression quantitative trait loci datasets identified various immune cell-related pathways for rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Hum Genet 2019; 84:72-79. [PMID: 31486066 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune chronic disorder manifesting as warm, swollen, and painful joints. Multiple immune cells are implicated in the development of RA. Previous studies demonstrated that integrating the genetic information of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) is capable of identifying new disease-risk loci and providing novel insights into the etiology of complex human disease. In this study, we conducted an integrative pathway association analysis of RA by using GWAS summary data and five immune cell types related to eQTL datasets of RA. After combining the cell-specific eQTLs and GWAS summary of RA and performing a pathway-enrichment analysis, we detected a group of RA-associated pathways with common or cell-specific enriched in the five immune cell types. 41 pathways for B cells, 33 pathways for CD4+ T cells, 27 pathways for CD8+ T cells, 39 pathways for monocyte, and 25 pathways for natural killer cells are significant in RA, among which 48% are common pathways and 32% are cell-specific pathways. We detected a group of RA-associated eQTL pathways related to five different immune cell types. Our findings may provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Xi Wang
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Xiong Guo
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Yan Wen
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Li Liu
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Liang
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Yanan Du
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Cuiyan Wu
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Sen Wang
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Feng Zhang
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
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Jiang S, Wang Q, Wang Y, Song X, Zhang Y. Blockade of CCL2/CCR2 signaling pathway prevents inflammatory monocyte recruitment and attenuates OVA-Induced allergic asthma in mice. Immunol Lett 2019; 214:30-36. [PMID: 31454522 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have reported recruitment of inflammatory monocytes by cytokines including chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) are critical in allergic responses. We aimed to investigate the role of inflammatory monocytes and CCL2 in mouse model with ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic asthma. Mice were sensitized with OVA to induce allergic asthma. The proportion of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and peritoneal lavage fluid (PLF) were measured by flow cytometry. The expression of CCL2 and CCL2 receptor (CCR2) were determined by qPCR and western blot. The concentrations of Type 1 helper T (Th1) and Type 2 helper T (Th2) cytokines in PLF were detected by ELISA. Inflammatory monocytes are recruited in PLF, and expression of CCL2 and CCR2 were elevated in OVA-induced mice. In addition, transfer of CCR2 knockdown inflammatory monocytes decreased the levels of allergic asthma biomarkers. Injection of anti-CCL2 or anti-CCR2 antibody decreased the proportion of eosinophils and inflammatory monocytes in BALF. Blockade of CCL2/CCR2 signaling pathway suppressed the allergen-induced Th2 cytokines and enhanced the levels of Th1-associated cytokines. Blockade of CCL2/CCR2 signaling pathway in sensitization-recruited inflammatory monocytes exhibits protective effects in mouse model of OVA-induced allergic asthma by inhibiting the Th2 inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohong Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China.
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China.
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Xicheng Song
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China
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Ciccia F, Guggino G, Ferrante A, Cipriani P, Giacomelli R, Triolo G. Interleukin-9 and T helper type 9 cells in rheumatic diseases. Clin Exp Immunol 2017; 185:125-32. [PMID: 27159882 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-9 is a 28-30 kDa monomeric glycosylated polypeptide belonging to the IL-7/IL-9 family of proteins that bind to a composite receptor consisting of the private receptor IL-9R and the IL-2 receptor, gamma (IL-2RG), a common gamma subunit shared by the receptors of many different cytokines. The IL-9R is expressed widely and IL-9 impacts a number of effector cells, such as effector T cells, B cells, innate lymphoid cells, mast cells, polymorphonuclear cells, epithelial cells and smooth muscle cells, playing an important role in regulating inflammatory immunity. The critical role of IL-9 in promoting cellular and humoral immune responses makes it an important focus of potential therapeutic interventions. Recently, a defined subset of T helper type cells, Th9 cells, has been identified by the potent production of IL-9. The involvement of the Th9 cell subset has been described in many types of inflammatory diseases, namely atopic diseases, helminth infections, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and ulcerative colitis. In this review, we summarize the IL-9 biological activities, highlighting roles for IL-9 and Th9 cells in rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis, systemic vasculitis, systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ciccia
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica, Sezione di Reumatologia, University of Palermo, Palermo
| | - G Guggino
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica, Sezione di Reumatologia, University of Palermo, Palermo
| | - A Ferrante
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica, Sezione di Reumatologia, University of Palermo, Palermo
| | - P Cipriani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Applicate e Biotecnologiche, Sezione di Reumatologia, Università di L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - R Giacomelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Applicate e Biotecnologiche, Sezione di Reumatologia, Università di L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - G Triolo
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica, Sezione di Reumatologia, University of Palermo, Palermo
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7
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Sage AP, Mallat Z. Readapting the adaptive immune response - therapeutic strategies for atherosclerosis. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:3926-3939. [PMID: 28052311 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases remain a major global health issue, with the development of atherosclerosis as a major underlying cause. Our treatment of cardiovascular disease has improved greatly over the past three decades, but much remains to be done reduce disease burden. Current priorities include reducing atherosclerosis advancement to clinically significant stages and preventing plaque rupture or erosion. Inflammation and involvement of the adaptive immune system influences all these aspects and therefore is one focus for future therapeutic development. The atherosclerotic vascular wall is now recognized to be invaded from both sides (arterial lumen and adventitia), for better or worse, by the adaptive immune system. Atherosclerosis is also affected at several stages by adaptive immune responses, overall providing many opportunities to target these responses and to reduce disease progression. Protective influences that may be defective in diseased individuals include humoral responses to modified LDL and regulatory T cell responses. There are many strategies in development to boost these pathways in humans, including vaccine-based therapies. The effects of various existing adaptive immune targeting therapies, such as blocking critical co-stimulatory pathways or B cell depletion, on cardiovascular disease are beginning to emerge with important consequences for both autoimmune disease patients and the potential for wider use of such therapies. Entering the translation phase for adaptive immune targeting therapies is an exciting and promising prospect. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Targeting Inflammation to Reduce Cardiovascular Disease Risk. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.22/issuetoc and http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bcp.v82.4/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Sage
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ziad Mallat
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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Fraussen J, Claes N, Van Wijmeersch B, van Horssen J, Stinissen P, Hupperts R, Somers V. B cells of multiple sclerosis patients induce autoreactive proinflammatory T cell responses. Clin Immunol 2016; 173:124-132. [PMID: 27717695 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-independent B cell functions play an important role in multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis. In this study, B cell antigen presentation and costimulation in MS were studied. Peripheral blood B cells of MS patients showed increased expression of costimulatory CD86 and CD80 molecules compared with healthy controls (HC). In MS cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), 12-fold and 2-fold increases in CD86+ and CD80+ B cells, respectively, were evidenced compared with peripheral blood. Further, B cells from MS patients induced proinflammatory T cells in response to myelin basic protein (MBP). Immunomodulatory treatment restored B cell costimulatory molecule expression and caused significantly reduced B cell induced T cell responses. Together, these results demonstrate the potential of B cells from MS patients to induce autoreactive proinflammatory T cell responses. Immunomodulatory therapy abrogated this effect, emphasizing the importance of B cell antigen presentation and costimulation in MS pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Fraussen
- Hasselt University, Biomedical Research Institute and Transnationale Universiteit Limburg, School of Life Sciences, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Nele Claes
- Hasselt University, Biomedical Research Institute and Transnationale Universiteit Limburg, School of Life Sciences, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Bart Van Wijmeersch
- Hasselt University, Biomedical Research Institute and Transnationale Universiteit Limburg, School of Life Sciences, Diepenbeek, Belgium; Revalidation & MS Center, Overpelt, Belgium
| | - Jack van Horssen
- Hasselt University, Biomedical Research Institute and Transnationale Universiteit Limburg, School of Life Sciences, Diepenbeek, Belgium; Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Piet Stinissen
- Hasselt University, Biomedical Research Institute and Transnationale Universiteit Limburg, School of Life Sciences, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Raymond Hupperts
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Academic MS Center Limburg, Zuyderland Medisch Centrum, Sittard, The Netherlands
| | - Veerle Somers
- Hasselt University, Biomedical Research Institute and Transnationale Universiteit Limburg, School of Life Sciences, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
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Liu WX, Li ZJ, Niu XL, Yao Z, Deng WM. The Role of T Helper 17 Cells and Other IL-17-Producing Cells in Bone Resorption and Remodeling. Int Rev Immunol 2015; 34:332-47. [DOI: 10.3109/08830185.2014.952414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Maseda D, Bonami RH, Crofford LJ. Regulation of B lymphocytes and plasma cells by innate immune mechanisms and stromal cells in rheumatoid arthritis. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 10:747-62. [PMID: 24734886 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2014.907744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
B cells mediate multiple functions that influence immune and inflammatory responses in rheumatoid arthritis. Production of a diverse array of autoantibodies can happen at different stages of the disease, and are important markers of disease outcome. In turn, the magnitude and quality of acquired humoral immune responses is strongly dependent on signals delivered by innate immune cells. Additionally, the milieu of cells and chemokines that constitute a niche for plasma cells rely strongly on signals provided by stromal cells at different anatomical locations and times. The chronic inflammatory state therefore importantly impacts the developing humoral immune response and its intensity and specificity. We focus this review on B cell biology and the role of the innate immune system in the development of autoimmunity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Maseda
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Perng OA, Aitken M, Rankin AL, Garcia V, Kropf E, Erikson J, Garlick DS, Caton AJ. The degree of CD4+ T cell autoreactivity determines cellular pathways underlying inflammatory arthritis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:3043-56. [PMID: 24591372 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Although therapies targeting distinct cellular pathways (e.g., anticytokine versus anti-B cell therapy) have been found to be an effective strategy for at least some patients with inflammatory arthritis, the mechanisms that determine which pathways promote arthritis development are poorly understood. We have used a transgenic mouse model to examine how variations in the CD4(+) T cell response to a surrogate self-peptide can affect the cellular pathways that are required for arthritis development. CD4(+) T cells that are highly reactive with the self-peptide induce inflammatory arthritis that affects male and female mice equally. Arthritis develops by a B cell-independent mechanism, although it can be suppressed by an anti-TNF treatment, which prevented the accumulation of effector CD4(+) Th17 cells in the joints of treated mice. By contrast, arthritis develops with a significant female bias in the context of a more weakly autoreactive CD4(+) T cell response, and B cells play a prominent role in disease pathogenesis. In this setting of lower CD4(+) T cell autoreactivity, B cells promote the formation of autoreactive CD4(+) effector T cells (including Th17 cells), and IL-17 is required for arthritis development. These studies show that the degree of CD4(+) T cell reactivity for a self-peptide can play a prominent role in determining whether distinct cellular pathways can be targeted to prevent the development of inflammatory arthritis.
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Ciechomska M, Wilson CL, Floudas A, Hui W, Rowan AD, van Eden W, Robinson JH, Knight AM. Antigen-specific B lymphocytes acquire proteoglycan aggrecan from cartilage extracellular matrix resulting in antigen presentation and CD4+ T-cell activation. Immunology 2014; 141:70-8. [PMID: 24032649 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of studies examining antigen-presenting cell (APC) function have focused on the capture and presentation of antigens released from pathogens or damaged cells. However, antigen-specific B cells are also capable of efficiently extracting antigens that are either tethered to, or integrally part of the plasma membrane of various target cells. In this study we show that B cells are also highly efficient at extracting integral components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) for subsequent presentation. In particular we demonstrate that B cells specific for aggrecan, an integral component of cartilage ECM, acquire this rheumatoid arthritis candidate autoantigen in both a B-cell-receptor-dependent and a contact-dependent manner. We also demonstrate that the subsequent presentation of aggregan from ECM leads to CD4(+) T-cell activation and effector cell formation. Recent studies have identified B-cell-mediated antigen presentation as essential for the development of autoimmunity, but a unique role for B cells compared with other APC has yet to be defined. Our findings lead us to propose that the acquisition of ECM-derived autoantigens represents a mechanism that defines the APC requirement for B cells in the development of autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Ciechomska
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Wilson CL, Mann J, Walsh M, Perrugoria MJ, Oakley F, Wright MC, Brignole C, Di Paolo D, Perri P, Ponzoni M, Karin M, Mann DA. Quiescent hepatic stellate cells functionally contribute to the hepatic innate immune response via TLR3. PLoS One 2014; 9:e83391. [PMID: 24416163 PMCID: PMC3885413 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like Receptor 3 (TLR3) is a pathogen pattern recognition receptor that plays a key role in innate immunity. TLR3 signalling has numerous functions in liver, both in health and disease. Here we report that TLR3 is expressed by quiescent hepatic stellate cells (HSC) where it functions to induce transcription and secretion of functional interferons as well as a number of other cytokines and chemokines. Upon transdifferentiation into myofibroblasts, HSCs rapidly loose the ability to produce interferon gamma (IFNγ). Mechanistically, this gene silencing may be due to Polycomb complex mediated repression via methylation of histone H3 lysine 27. In contrast to wild type, quiescent HSC isolated from tlr3 knockout mice do not produce IFNγ in response to Poly(I∶C) treatment. Therefore, quiescent HSC may contribute to induction of the hepatic innate immune system in response to injury or infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline L. Wilson
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Jelena Mann
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Meagan Walsh
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Maria J. Perrugoria
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Oakley
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew C. Wright
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Chiara Brignole
- Experimental Therapy Unit, Laboratory of Oncology, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Daniela Di Paolo
- Experimental Therapy Unit, Laboratory of Oncology, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Patrizia Perri
- Experimental Therapy Unit, Laboratory of Oncology, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mirco Ponzoni
- Experimental Therapy Unit, Laboratory of Oncology, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Michael Karin
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Derek A. Mann
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Schlegel PM, Steiert I, Kötter I, Müller CA. B cells contribute to heterogeneity of IL-17 producing cells in rheumatoid arthritis and healthy controls. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82580. [PMID: 24340045 PMCID: PMC3855537 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Secretion of the proinflammatory cytokine Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) is the hallmark of a unique lineage of CD4 T cells designated Th17 cells, which may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and many autoimmune diseases. Recently, IL-17-producing cells other than T cells have been described, including diverse innate immune cells. Here, we show that the cellular sources of IL-17A in RA include a significant number of non-T cells. Multicolour fluorescence analysis of IL-17-expressing peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) revealed larger proportions of IL-17+CD3- non-T cells in RA patients than in healthy controls (constitutive, 13.6% vs. 8.4%, and after stimulation with PMA/ionomycin 17.4% vs. 7.9% p < 0.001 in both cases). The source of IL-17 included CD3-CD56+ NK cells, CD3-CD14+ myeloid cells as well as the expected CD3+CD4+ Th17 cells and surprisingly a substantial number of CD3-CD19+ B cells. The presence of IL-17A-expressing B cells was confirmed by specific PCR of peripheral MACS-sorted CD19+ B cells, as well as by the analysis of different EBV-transformed B cell lines. Here we report for the first time that in addition to Th17 cells and different innate immune cells B cells also contribute to the IL-17A found in RA patients and healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Martin Schlegel
- Section for Transplantation Immunology and Immunohematology, Department II, Medical Clinic, University Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Ingeborg Steiert
- Section for Transplantation Immunology and Immunohematology, Department II, Medical Clinic, University Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ina Kötter
- Department II, Medical Clinic, University Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Claudia A. Müller
- Section for Transplantation Immunology and Immunohematology, Department II, Medical Clinic, University Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
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