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Wang B, Huang D, Cao C, Gong Y. Insect α-Amylases and Their Application in Pest Management. Molecules 2023; 28:7888. [PMID: 38067617 PMCID: PMC10708458 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Amylase is an indispensable hydrolase in insect growth and development. Its varied enzymatic parameters cause insects to have strong stress resistance. Amylase gene replication is a very common phenomenon in insects, and different copies of amylase genes enable changes in its location and function. In addition, the classification, structure, and interaction between insect amylase inhibitors and amylases have also invoked the attention of researchers. Some plant-derived amylase inhibitors have inhibitory activities against insect amylases and even mammalian amylases. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have clarified the effects of pesticides on the amylase activity of target and non-target pests, which provides a theoretical basis for exploring safe and efficient pesticides, while the exact lethal mechanisms and safety in field applications remain unclear. Here, we summarize the most recent advances in insect amylase studies, including its sequence and characteristics and the regulation of amylase inhibitors (α-AIs). Importantly, the application of amylases as the nanocide trigger, RNAi, or other kinds of pesticide targets will be discussed. A comprehensive foundation will be provided for applying insect amylases to the development of new-generation insect management tools and improving the specificity, stability, and safety of pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chunxia Cao
- National Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (B.W.)
| | - Yan Gong
- National Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (B.W.)
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Janíčková Z, Janeček Š. In Silico Analysis of Fungal and Chloride-Dependent α-Amylases within the Family GH13 with Identification of Possible Secondary Surface-Binding Sites. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26185704. [PMID: 34577174 PMCID: PMC8467227 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study brings a detailed bioinformatics analysis of fungal and chloride-dependent α-amylases from the family GH13. Overall, 268 α-amylase sequences were retrieved from subfamilies GH13_1 (39 sequences), GH13_5 (35 sequences), GH13_15 (28 sequences), GH13_24 (23 sequences), GH13_32 (140 sequences) and GH13_42 (3 sequences). Eight conserved sequence regions (CSRs) characteristic for the family GH13 were identified in all sequences and respective sequence logos were analysed in an effort to identify unique sequence features of each subfamily. The main emphasis was given on the subfamily GH13_32 since it contains both fungal α-amylases and their bacterial chloride-activated counterparts. In addition to in silico analysis focused on eventual ability to bind the chloride anion, the property typical mainly for animal α-amylases from subfamilies GH13_15 and GH13_24, attention has been paid also to the potential presence of the so-called secondary surface-binding sites (SBSs) identified in complexed crystal structures of some particular α-amylases from the studied subfamilies. As template enzymes with already experimentally determined SBSs, the α-amylases from Aspergillus niger (GH13_1), Bacillus halmapalus, Bacillus paralicheniformis and Halothermothrix orenii (all from GH13_5) and Homo sapiens (saliva; GH13_24) were used. Evolutionary relationships between GH13 fungal and chloride-dependent α-amylases were demonstrated by two evolutionary trees—one based on the alignment of the segment of sequences spanning almost the entire catalytic TIM-barrel domain and the other one based on the alignment of eight extracted CSRs. Although both trees demonstrated similar results in terms of a closer evolutionary relatedness of subfamilies GH13_1 with GH13_42 including in a wider sense also the subfamily GH13_5 as well as for subfamilies GH13_32, GH13_15 and GH13_24, some subtle differences in clustering of particular α-amylases may nevertheless be observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Janíčková
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, SK-91701 Trnava, Slovakia;
- Laboratory of Protein Evolution, Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, SK-84551 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Štefan Janeček
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, SK-91701 Trnava, Slovakia;
- Laboratory of Protein Evolution, Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, SK-84551 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Correspondence:
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Hámori C, Remenyik J, Kandra L, Gyémánt G. Colorado potato beetle alpha-amylase: Purification, action pattern and subsite mapping for exploration of active centre. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 168:350-355. [PMID: 33310101 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Colorado potato beetle is an invasive insect herbivore and one of the most challenging agricultural pests globally. This study is the first characterization of the active centre of Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) α-amylase (LdAmy). Bond cleavage frequency values for LdAmy were determined by HPLC product analysis on a chromophore labelled maltooligomer substrate series. Binding energies between amino acid moieties of subsites and glucose residues of substrate were calculated. Active site contains six subsites in the binding region of LdAmy; four glycone- (-4, -3, -2, -1) and two aglycone-binding sites (+1, +2). Subsite map calculation resulted in apparent binding energies -11.8 and - 11.0 kJ/mol for subsites (+2) and (-3), respectively, which revealed very favorable interactions at these positions. Structures of binding sites of LdAmy and mammalian α-amylases show similarity, but there are variations in the binding energies at subsite (-2) and (-4). Differences were interpreted by comparison of amino acid sequences of human salivary α-amylase (HSA) and porcine pancreatic α-amylase (PPA) and two insect (Leptinotarsa decemlineata and Tenebrio molitor) enzymes. The observed substitution of positively charged His305 in HSA at subsite (-2) with an acidic Asp in LdAmy in the same position may explain the obtained energy reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Hámori
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Judit Remenyik
- Institute of Food Technology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Lili Kandra
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gyöngyi Gyémánt
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
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Wang B, Ren C, Yang L, Fang Q, Song Q, Ye G. Venom α-amylase of the endoparasitic wasp Pteromalus puparum influences host metabolism. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:2180-2189. [PMID: 31960570 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pteromalus puparum (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) is an endoparasitoid wasp that parasitizes many butterfly species, including a Brassicaceae pest, Pieris rapae (Lepidoptera: Pieridae), the small white cabbage butterfly. P. puparum females inject venom along with their eggs into hosts to ensure successful parasitism. The venom regulates host development and behavior, suppresses host immunity, and influences host metabolism. It has been shown that the venom contains α-amylases, a group of hydrolytic enzymes that act in insect sugar metabolism. So far, three α-amylases have been identified in P. puparum (Pteromalus puparum α-amylases, PpAmys) and the function of PpAmy1 has been reported. However, the functions of PpAmy2 and PpAmy3 remain unknown. RESULTS We studied the functions of an α-amylase highly expressed in muscle-rich tissues (PpAmy2) and an α-amylase highly expressed in venom apparatus (PpAmy3) using RNAi and GC-TOF-MS techniques. Knockdown of PpAmy3 by RNAi reduced the body length and weight of 1-day old larval offspring while there was no significant effect when PpAmy2 was knocked down. Compared to the control injected with siGFP, many metabolites in P. puparum changed when PpAmy2 was knocked down, while the injection of PpAmy3 recombinant protein into host induced metabolite changes in the P. rapae hemolymph. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that PpAmy2 acts in metabolism in the muscles of the parasitoid while PpAmy3 could influence the host metabolism and may support the development of parasitic wasp offspring. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chaodu Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qisheng Song
- Division of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Gongyin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Wang B, Yang Y, Liu M, Yang L, Stanley DW, Fang Q, Ye G. A digestive tract expressing α-amylase influences the adult lifespan of Pteromalus puparum revealed through RNAi and rescue analyses. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2019; 75:3346-3355. [PMID: 31054206 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Midgut and salivary gland α-amylases are digestive enzymes required for the development of insects and have been investigated in some insect species. However, α-amylases in the endoparasitioid wasps have not been reported. Pteromalus puparum (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) is a dominant endoparasitioid wasp that parasitizes many butterfly species, including the Brassicaceae pest Pieris rapae (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Here, we studied the characteristics and functions of three α-amylases in P. puparum. RESULTS We cloned three genes encoding α-amylases in P. puparum, PpAmy1, PpAmy2 and PpAmy3. The full length of the PpAmy1 cDNA is 1872 bp, encoding 496 amino acids, the PpAmy2 cDNA is 1863 bp long, encoding 518 amino acids, and PpAmy3 cDNA consists of 1802 bp encoding 521 amino acids. PpAmys are highly similar in amino acid sequences, but they have separate tissue distributions. Phylogenetic results show that gene duplications may occur between PpAmy2 and PpAmy3. PpAmy1 and PpAmy3 are most highly expressed in the digestive tract and the venom apparatus, respectively, while PpAmy2 is broadly expressed in all tissues. We report that PpAmy1 acts in the digestive tract, where it influences lifespan as demonstrated using RNAi and α-amylase rescue analyses, and there is no significant difference in longevity when PpAmy2 and PpAmy3 are knocked down. CONCLUSION PpAmys probably have roles in carbohydrate metabolism of P. puparum and its host/parasitoid relationships. The characterization and functional study of PpAmys lays the foundation for the protection and utilization of parasitoid resources, and the biological control of agricultural pests. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - David W Stanley
- Biological Control of Insects Research Laboratory, USDA/Agricultural Research Service, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Qi Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gongyin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Da Lage JL. The Amylases of Insects. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE 2018; 10:1179543318804783. [PMID: 30305796 PMCID: PMC6176531 DOI: 10.1177/1179543318804783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Alpha-amylases are major digestive enzymes that act in the first step of maltopolysaccharide digestion. In insects, these enzymes have long been studied for applied as well as purely scientific purposes. In many species, amylases are produced by multiple gene copies. Rare species are devoid of Amy gene. They are predominantly secreted in the midgut but salivary expression is also frequent, with extraoral activity. Enzymological parameters are quite variable among insects, with visible trends according to phylogeny: Coleopteran amylases have acidic optimum activity, whereas dipteran amylases have neutral preference and lepidopteran ones have clear alkaline preference. The enzyme structure shows interesting variations shaped by evolutionary convergences, such as the recurrent loss of a loop involved in substrate handling. Many works have focused on the action of plant amylase inhibitors on pest insect amylases, in the frame of crop protection by transgenesis. It appears that sensitivity or resistance to inhibitors is finely tuned and very specific and that amylases and their inhibitors have coevolved. The multicopy feature of insect amylases appears to allow tissue-specific or stage-specific regulation, but also to broaden enzymological abilities, such as pH range, and to overcome plant inhibitory defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Luc Da Lage
- UMR 9191 Évolution, Génomes, Comportement, Écologie,
CNRS, IRD, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette,
France
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7
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Myers AJ, Gondhalekar AD, Fardisi M, Pluchar KD, Saltzmann KD, Bennett GW, Scharf ME. RNA interference and functional characterization of a tergal gland alpha amylase in the German cockroach, Blattella germanica L. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 27:143-153. [PMID: 29030997 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
German cockroach males possess tergal glands that secrete a combination of oligosaccharides, lipids and proteins. Four major proteins occur in the secretion, with one being the 63 kDa alpha-amylase Blattella germanica Tergal Gland protein-1 (BGTG-1). Denaturing and starch gel electrophoresis coupled with peptide sequencing verified amylase activity for the BGTG-1 protein. BGTG-1 gene expression profiles were determined by using quantitative real-time PCR to compare messenger RNA abundance among isolated tissues of males, females and gravid females. Differences in BGTG-1 gene expression occurred among male tissues, with tergal gland tissue showing the highest expression. Tissues of nongravid and gravid females had significantly lower expression in comparison with male tergal glands (gravid females lowest). RNA interference (RNAi) was used to silence BGTG-1 gene expression by injecting BGTG-1 homologous double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) into male cockroaches. Groups injected with BGTG-1 dsRNA showed ∼90% lower BGTG-1 gene and protein expression compared to controls, which correlated with lower amylase activity in colorimetric assays. However, behavioural assays comparing precopulatory behaviour and mating success between RNAi and control males did not reveal differences. These results connect amylase gene expression and activity in tergal gland tissue but suggest other factors, such as other tergal gland components, may contribute more strongly to mating success.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Myers
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - A D Gondhalekar
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - M Fardisi
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - K D Pluchar
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - K D Saltzmann
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - G W Bennett
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - M E Scharf
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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Schulten V, Westernberg L, Birrueta G, Sidney J, Paul S, Busse P, Peters B, Sette A. Allergen and Epitope Targets of Mouse-Specific T Cell Responses in Allergy and Asthma. Front Immunol 2018; 9:235. [PMID: 29487600 PMCID: PMC5816932 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse allergy has become increasingly common, mainly affecting laboratory workers and inner-city households. To date, only one major allergen, namely Mus m 1, has been described. We sought to identify T cell targets in mouse allergic patients. PBMC from allergic donors were expanded with either murine urine or epithelial extract and subsequently screened for cytokine production (IL-5 and IFNγ) in response to overlapping peptides spanning the entire Mus m 1 sequence, peptides from various Mus m 1 isoforms [major urinary proteins (MUPs)], peptides from mouse orthologs of known allergens from other mammalian species and peptides from proteins identified by immunoproteomic analysis of IgE/IgG immunoblots of mouse urine and epithelial extracts. This approach let to the identification of 106 non-redundant T cell epitopes derived from 35 antigens. Three major T cell-activating regions were defined in Mus m 1 alone. Moreover, our data show that immunodominant epitopes were largely shared between Mus m 1 and other MUPs even from different species, suggesting that sequence conservation in different allergens is a determinant for immunodominance. We further identified several novel mouse T cell antigens based on their homology to known mammalian allergens. Analysis of cohort-specific T cell responses revealed that rhinitis and asthmatic patients recognized different epitope repertoires. Epitopes defined herein can be formulated into an epitope "megapool" used to diagnose mouse allergy and study mouse-specific T cell responses directly ex vivo. This analysis of T cell epitopes provides a good basis for future studies to increase our understanding of the immunopathology associated with MO-allergy and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Schulten
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Luise Westernberg
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Giovanni Birrueta
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - John Sidney
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Sinu Paul
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Paula Busse
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Bjoern Peters
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Alessandro Sette
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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9
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Ylla G, Belles X. Towards understanding the molecular basis of cockroach tergal gland morphogenesis. A transcriptomic approach. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 63:104-112. [PMID: 26086932 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The tergal gland is a structure exclusive of adult male cockroaches that produces substances attractive to the female and facilitates mating. It is formed de novo in tergites 7 and 8 during the transition from the last nymphal instar to the adult. Thus, the tergal gland can afford a suitable case study to investigate the molecular basis of a morphogenetic process occurring during metamorphosis. Using Blattella germanica as model, we constructed transcriptomes from male tergites 7-8 in non-metamorphosing specimens, and from the same tergites in metamorphosing specimens. We performed a de novo assembly all available transcriptomes to construct a reference transcriptome and we identified transcripts by homology. Finally we mapped all reads into the reference transcriptome in order to perform analysis of differentially expressed genes and a GO-enrichment test. A total of 5622 contigs appeared to be overrepresented in the transcriptome of metamorphosing specimens with respect to those specimens that did not metamorphose. Among these genes, there were six GO-terms with a p-value lower than 0.05 and among them GO: 0003676 ("nucleic acid binding") was especially interesting since it included transcription factors (TFs). Examination of TF-Pfam-motifs revealed that the transcriptome of metamorphosing specimens contains the highest diversity of these motifs, with 29 different types (seven of them exclusively expressed in this stage) compared with that of non-metamorphosing specimens, which contained 24 motif types. Transcriptome comparisons suggest that TFs are important drivers of the process of tergal gland formation during metamorphosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillem Ylla
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Passeig Marítim 37, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Belles
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Passeig Marítim 37, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
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Jeong KY, Kim CR, Park J, Han IS, Park JW, Yong TS. Identification of novel allergenic components from German cockroach fecal extract by a proteomic approach. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2013; 161:315-24. [PMID: 23689614 DOI: 10.1159/000347034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cockroaches produce potent allergens, and cockroach feces are known to be especially rich in allergens. In this study, we analyze the allergenic components from cockroach feces and evaluate allergenicity of recombinant α-amylase identified from fecal extract. METHODS IgE-reactive proteins from German cockroach fecal extract were analyzed by proteomic analysis and immunoblotting. Recombinant α-amylase was produced and its allergenicity was evaluated by ELISA. RESULTS Analysis of German cockroach fecal extracts identified 12 IgE-reactive components. Most of these allergens were found to be digestive enzymes such as α-amylase, trypsin, chymotrypsin, metalloprotease, and midgut carboxypeptidase A, but the identity of 3 IgE-reactive proteins is still unknown. Glycinin-like proteins, which were likely derived from the cockroach diet, were also identified. German cockroach α-amylase shares the highest identity with pig α-amylase (55.8%), followed by mite group 4 allergens (Blo t 4, 50.4%; Der p 4, 49.8%; Eur m 4, 47.4%). In this study, recombinant α-amylase from German cockroach was expressed, and its allergenicity was examined by ELISA. Specific IgE against recombinant amylase was detected in 41.4% (12/29) of serum samples from German cockroach-sensitized subjects. Recombinant α-amylase was able to inhibit 55% of specific IgE to German cockroach whole-body extract. CONCLUSIONS Amylase was found to be an important novel allergen in cockroach feces. It is hoped that recombinant α-amylase will be useful for further studies and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Yong Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Kotkar HM, Bhide AJ, Gupta VS, Giri AP. Amylase gene expression patterns in Helicoverpa armigera upon feeding on a range of host plants. Gene 2012; 501:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2012] [Revised: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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12
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Ngernyuang N, Kobayashi I, Promboon A, Ratanapo S, Tamura T, Ngernsiri L. Cloning and expression analysis of the Bombyx mori α-amylase gene (Amy) from the indigenous Thai silkworm strain, Nanglai. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2011; 11:38. [PMID: 21529256 PMCID: PMC3281462 DOI: 10.1673/031.011.0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
α-Amylase is a common enzyme for hydrolyzing starch. In the silkworm, Bombyx mori L. (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae), α-amylase is found in both digestive fluid and hemolymph. Here, the complete genomic sequence of the Amy gene encoding α-amylase from a local Thai silkworm, the Nanglai strain, was obtained. This gene was 7981 bp long with 9 exons. The full length Amy cDNA sequence was 1749 bp containing a 1503 bp open reading frame. The ORF encoded 500 amino acid residues. The deduced protein showed 81-54% identity to other insect α-amylases and more than 50% identity to mammalian enzymes. Southern blot analysis revealed that in the Nanglai strain Amy is a single-copy gene. RT- PCR showed that Amy was transcribed only in the foregut. Transgenic B. mori also showed that the Amy promoter activates expression of the transgene only in the foregut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nipaporn Ngernyuang
- The Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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