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Bhat R, Shetty S, Rai P, Kumar BK, Shetty P. Revolutionizing the diagnosis of irreversible pulpitis - Current strategies and future directions. J Oral Biosci 2024; 66:272-280. [PMID: 38508491 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2024.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulpitis primarily arises from the pulp space infection by oral microbiota. Vital pulp therapy is a minimally invasive approach that relies on assessing the severity of pulpal inflammation to facilitate repair. However, the current evaluation methods prescribed by the American Association of Endodontics are subjective, leading to ambiguity in assessment. Therefore, this review aims to explore molecular strategies for evaluating the severity of pulpal inflammation to accurately predict the success of pulp vitality preservation in clinical settings. METHODOLOGY This review was conducted by searching relevant keywords, such as irreversible pulpitis, pulpitis biomarkers, molecular diagnosis, inflammation, and genomic strategies, in databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus to address the subjective nature of diagnosis. The data included in this review were collected up to April 2023. The literature search revealed well-documented limitations in clinically assessing the pulp inflammatory. Molecular approaches that aid in clinical differentiation between irreversible and reversible pulpitis may potentially enhance favorable outcomes in vital pulp therapy. Non-invasive diagnostic methods for pulpal assessment would also be valuable for determining whether the inflamed pulp is reversible, irreversible, or necrotic. CONCLUSION The present review examines the various molecular diagnostic approaches that have revolutionized the medical field and are considered the most promising empirical methodologies for the proactive detection of pulpal diseases. It also provides comprehensive insights into the current diagnostic methods, associated challenges, next-generation strategies, and future directions for diagnosing the severity of pulp inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raksha Bhat
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences (ABSMIDS), Mangalore, 575018, Karnataka, India.
| | - Shishir Shetty
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences (ABSMIDS), Mangalore, 575018, Karnataka, India.
| | - Praveen Rai
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbial Genomics, Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Mangalore, 575018, Karnataka, India.
| | - Ballamoole Krishna Kumar
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbial Genomics, Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Mangalore, 575018, Karnataka, India.
| | - Preethesh Shetty
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences (ABSMIDS), Mangalore, 575018, Karnataka, India.
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Ding D, Li N, Ge Y, Wu H, Yu J, Qiu W, Fang F. Current status of superoxide dismutase 2 on oral disease progression by supervision of ROS. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116605. [PMID: 38688168 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The recent Global Burden of Disease results have demonstrated that oral diseases are some of the most significant public health challenges facing the world. Owing to its specific localization advantage, superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2 or MnSOD) has the ability to process the reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by mitochondrial respiration before anything else, thereby impacting the occurrence and development of diseases. In this review, we summarize the processes of common oral diseases in which SOD2 is involved. SOD2 is upregulated in periodontitis to protect the tissue from the distant damage caused by excessive ROS and further reduce inflammatory progression. SOD2 also participates in the specific pathogenesis of oral cancers and dental diseases. The clinical application prospects of SOD2 in oral diseases will be discussed further, referencing the differences and relationship between oral diseases and other clinical systemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Ding
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yihong Ge
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hongle Wu
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Jinzhao Yu
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Wei Qiu
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Fuchun Fang
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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Zeng H, Miao J, Liao J, Sui Z, Hou M, Hang S. Palm Kernel Cake Extracts Obtained from the Combination of Bacterial Fermentation and Enzymic Hydrolysis Promote Swine Small Intestine IPEC-J2 Cell Proliferation and Alleviate LPS-Induced Inflammation In Vitro. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:682. [PMID: 38929121 PMCID: PMC11200965 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Co-fermentation with bacteria and enzymes can reduce sugar content in palm kernel cake (PKC); however, the chemical changes and their effects on cell functionality are unclear. This study investigated the active components in pre-treated PKC extracts and their effects on pig small intestine IPEC-J2 cell proliferation and LPS-induced inflammation. The extracts contained 60.75% sugar, 36.80% mannose, 1.75% polyphenols and 0.59% flavone, as determined by chemical analyses, suggesting that the extracts were palm kernel cake oligosaccharides (PKCOS). Then, we found that 1000 µg/mL PKCOS counteracted the decrease in cell viability (CCK8 kit) caused by LPS induction by 5 µg/mL LPS (p < 0.05). Mechanistic studies conducted by RNA-seq and qPCR analyses suggested PKCOS promoted cell proliferation through the upregulation of TNF-α, PI3KAP1, MAP3K5 and Fos in the PI3K/MAPK signalling pathway; alleviated inflammation caused by LPS via the downregulation of the target genes Casp3 and TNF-α in association with apoptosis; and regulated the expression of the antioxidant genes SOD1, SOD2 and GPX4 to exert positive antioxidant effects (p < 0.05). Furthermore, PKCOS upregulated SLC5A1 (encoding SLGT1), HK and MPI in the glycolytic pathway (p < 0.05), suggesting cell survival. In summary, PKCOS has positive effects on promoting swine intestine cell proliferation against inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Suqin Hang
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (H.Z.); (J.M.); (J.L.); (Z.S.); (M.H.)
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Xie GF, Cheng JY, Liu Y, Sun J, Hua DX, He QY, Yang J, Zhao H, Lu YJ, Fu L. Serum SOD1 level predicts the severity and prognosis of community-acquired pneumonia patients. Am J Med Sci 2024:S0002-9629(24)01259-X. [PMID: 38825074 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2024.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) is one of the most important participants of antioxidant enzyme system in biological system. Previous studies have found that SOD1 is associated with many inflammatory diseases. The goal of this study was to assess the associations of serum SOD1 with the severity and prognosis in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) patients by a prospective cohort study. METHODS CAP patients were enrolled from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University. Peripheral blood samples were gathered. The level of serum SOD1 was detected through enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Clinical characteristics and demographic information were analyzed. RESULTS The level of serum SOD1 was gradually upregulated with elevated CAP severity scores. Spearman correlation coefficient or Pearson rank correlation analyses indicated that serum SOD1 was strongly connected with many clinical parameters among CAP patients. Further linear and logistic regression analyses found that the level of serum SOD1 was positively associated with CRB-65, CURB-65, SMART-COP, and CURXO scores among CAP patients. Moreover, serum higher SOD1 at admission substantially increased the risks of ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, vasoactive agent usage, death, and longer hospital stays during hospitalization. Serum SOD1 level combination with CAP severity scores elevated the predictive abilities for severity and death compared with alone serum SOD1 and CAP severity scores in CAP patients during hospitalization. CONCLUSION The level of serum SOD1 is positively associated with the severity and poor prognosis in CAP patients, suggesting that SOD1 is implicated in the initiation and progression of CAP. Serum SOD1 may be regarded as a biomarker to appraise the severity and prognosis for CAP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Fang Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, PR China
| | - Jia-Yi Cheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, PR China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, PR China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, PR China
| | - Dong-Xu Hua
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, PR China
| | - Qi-Yuan He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, PR China
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, PR China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, PR China; Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, PR China
| | - You-Jin Lu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, PR China; Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, PR China
| | - Lin Fu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, PR China; Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, PR China.
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Karrar RN, Cushley S, Duncan HF, Lundy FT, Abushouk SA, Clarke M, El-Karim IA. Molecular biomarkers for objective assessment of symptomatic pulpitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Endod J 2023; 56:1160-1177. [PMID: 37392154 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory biomarkers are potentially useful targets for pulpal diagnostic tests that can identify pulp status and predict vital pulp treatment (VPT) outcome, however, their accuracy is unknown. OBJECTIVES (1) Calculate sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) of previously investigated pulpitic biomarkers; (2) Determine if biomarker levels discriminate between clinical diagnoses of pulpitis based on the presence or absence of spontaneous pain (3) Evaluate if biomarker level can predict VPT outcome. METHODS Searches: PubMed/MEDLINE, Ovid SP, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP), ClinicalTrials.gov, Embase, Web of Science and Scopus in May 2023. INCLUSION prospective and retrospective observational studies and randomized trials. Participants were humans with vital permanent teeth and a well-defined pulpal diagnosis. EXCLUSION deciduous teeth, in vitro and animal studies. Risk of bias was assessed with modified-Downs and Black quality assessment checklist. Meta-analysis was performed using bivariate random effect model in Meta-DiSc 2.0 and RevMan and the quality of the evidence was assessed using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation. RESULTS Fifty-six studies were selected, reporting >70 individual biomolecules investigating pulpal health and disease at the gene and protein level. Most studies were of low and fair quality. Among the biomolecules investigated, IL-8 and IL-6 demonstrated a level of diagnostic accuracy with high sensitivity, specificity and DOR to discriminate between healthy pulps and those exhibiting spontaneous pain suggestive of IRP (low-certainty evidence). However, none was shown to have high DOR and the ability to discriminate between pulpitic states (very low certainty evidence). Limited data suggests high levels of matrix metalloproteinase 9 correlate with poorer outcomes of full pulpotomy. DISCUSSION The inability of identified molecular inflammatory markers to discriminate between dental pulps with spontaneous and non-spontaneous pain should shift the focus to improved study quality or the pursuit of other molecules potentially associated with healing and repair. CONCLUSIONS Low-quality evidence suggests IL-8 and IL-6 demonstrated level of diagnostic accuracy to discriminate between healthy pulps and those exhibiting spontaneous pain. There is a need for standardized biomarker diagnostic and prognostic studies focusing on solutions that can accurately determine the degree of pulp inflammation. REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42021259305.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riham N Karrar
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Siobhan Cushley
- School of Medicine Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Henry F Duncan
- Division of Restorative Dentistry & Periodontology, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fionnuala T Lundy
- School of Medicine Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | - Mike Clarke
- School of Medicine Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Ikhlas A El-Karim
- School of Medicine Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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Assessment of Mineralization, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation Mechanisms in the Pulp of Primary Teeth. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12031554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation in primary teeth (PT) is commonly associated with a lower sensibility to painful stimuli, compared to permanent teeth, and usually leads to late presentation for dental treatment. Data obtained on the molecular assessments of dental pulp and clinical examinations could guide practitioners to conduct precise diagnoses and correct treatments. The aim of our pilot study was to assess the levels of several biomarkers (e.g., mineralization, oxidative stress, and inflammation) in primary teeth. The research included 46 dental pulp specimens collected from the primary teeth of children and adolescents between the ages of 6 and 12. The experimental groups consisted of 18 samples collected from primary teeth with acute pulpitis and 15 samples from chronically inflamed pulp tissues. The control group was represented by 13 specimens acquired from clinically healthy primary teeth. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique was used to determine the protein expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), superoxide dismutase-3 (SOD-3), osteocalcin, and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in the lysates. Our results revealed that all of the studied parameters presented statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05) increased levels in both experimental groups compared to the control samples. Furthermore, osteocalcin presented statistically significant increased concentrations in chronically- versus acute-inflamed pulp samples (p ≤ 0.05). The studied molecules may have an influential role in acute and chronic pulp inflammation in primary teeth.
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Kaur B, Kobayashi Y, Cugini C, Shimizu E. A Mini Review: The Potential Biomarkers for Non-invasive Diagnosis of Pulpal Inflammation. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2021; 2:718445. [PMID: 38947881 PMCID: PMC11212789 DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2021.718445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
For assessing the adequacy of vital pulp therapy for an inflamed pulp, the use of non-invasive diagnostic tools is necessary to avoid further damage to the teeth. Detection of biomarkers that are indicative of the inflammatory status in pulp can be a promising tool for this purpose. These biomarkers need to be reliably correlated with pulpal inflammation and to be easily detected without pulp exposure. This mini-review article aims to review biomarkers that are present in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in inflamed pulp conditions. Several studies have reported the availability of various biomarkers including cytokines, proteases, elastase, neuropeptides, and growth factors. Non-invasive pulpal diagnostic methods will be useful as well to determine reversibility, irreversibility, or necrosis of inflamed pulp. These types of molecular diagnoses via analyzing the proteome have revolutionized the medical field, and are one of the most promising empirical methodologies that a clinician can utilize for the proactive identification of pulpal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brahmleen Kaur
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Yoshifumi Kobayashi
- Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Carla Cugini
- Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Emi Shimizu
- Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ, United States
- Department of Endodontics, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ, United States
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Protective effect of quercetin on alteration of antioxidant genes expression and histological changes in the dental pulp of the streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 125:105088. [PMID: 33640557 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to assess the effect of quercetin as one of the most common polyphenols with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties on expression levels of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), and glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1), involved in the detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and histology of dental pulp in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. DESIGN Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin in adult male Wistar rats. Animals (n = 24) were equally distributed into control, diabetes, and diabetes treated with quercetin groups. Rats were gavaged daily with quercetin (25 mg/kg) for forty days. To measure the mRNA levels of antioxidant genes, quantitate real-time PCR was applied. The oxidative stress parameters such as total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and histopathological assessments were performed. RESULTS A significant increase in the relative quantification mRNA levels of SOD1, CAT, GPX1 was detected in diabetic rat dental pulp. Besides, persistent hyperglycemia led to the enhancement of TAC level and degeneration of connective tissue of the dental pulp. Interestingly, quercetin normalized the expression mRNA levels of CAT, SOD1, GPX1 to near the normal level. Moreover, quercetin treatment normalized TAC levels. CONCLUSIONS Because of the crucial role of antioxidants in diabetic complications, the findings of the current study presented a molecular basis for the protective effect of quercetin on dental pulp in diabetic conditions.
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Liu B, Xiao X, Zhou X, Zhou J, Lan L, Long X, Pan Y, Du M, Zhao X. Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum CQPC01-fermented soybean milk on activated carbon-induced constipation through its antioxidant activity in mice. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:2068-2082. [PMID: 31289655 PMCID: PMC6593386 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A newly found strain, Lactobacillus plantarum CQPC01 (LP-CQPC01), was used for soybean milk fermentation, and its effects against constipation were determined. LP-CQPC01-FSM (LP-CQPC01-fermented soybean milk) was found to have six kinds of soybean isoflavones; the isoflavones of LP-CQPC01-FSM were more than those of Lactobacillus bulgaricus-fermented soybean milk (LB-FSM) and unfermented soybean milk (U-FSM). Animal experiment showed that the MTL, Gas, ET, AchE, SP, VIP, and GSH levels in the constipated mice were increased; however, the SS, MPO, NO, and MDA levels in the constipated mice were reduced by soybean milk treatment. Further, LP-CQPC01-FSM increased the mRNA and protein expression of Cu/Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, CAT, c-Kit, SCF, and GDNF and reduced the expression of TRPV1 and NOS relative to those of the mice with untreated constipation. LP-CQPC01 could be used as a new starter to produce high-quality soybean milk, which might be used as a functional drink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bihui Liu
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food Chongqing University of Education Chongqing China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food Chongqing University of Education Chongqing China
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food Chongqing University of Education Chongqing China
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering Chongqing University of Education Chongqing China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology Emergency Medical Center of Chongqing The Affiliated Central Hospital of Chongqing University Chongqing China
| | - Xianrong Zhou
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food Chongqing University of Education Chongqing China
- College of Food Science Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - Jie Zhou
- College of Food Science Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - Lingxia Lan
- College of Food Science Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - Xingyao Long
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food Chongqing University of Education Chongqing China
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology Cha University Seongnam Korea
| | - Yanni Pan
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food Chongqing University of Education Chongqing China
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology Cha University Seongnam Korea
| | - Muying Du
- College of Food Science Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food Chongqing University of Education Chongqing China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food Chongqing University of Education Chongqing China
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food Chongqing University of Education Chongqing China
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Krunić J, Stojanović N, Đukić L, Roganović J, Popović B, Simić I, Stojić D. Clinical antibacterial effectiveness and biocompatibility of gaseous ozone after incomplete caries removal. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 23:785-792. [PMID: 29858659 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2495-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate local effect of gaseous ozone on bacteria in deep carious lesions after incomplete caries removal, using chlorhexidine as control, and to investigate its effect on pulp vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). MATERIALS AND METHODS Antibacterial effect was evaluated in 48 teeth with diagnosed deep carious lesion. After incomplete caries removal, teeth were randomly allocated into two groups regarding the cavity disinfectant used: ozone (open system) or 2% chlorhexidine. Dentin samples were analyzed for the presence of total bacteria and Lactobacillus spp. by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. For evaluation of ozone effect on dental pulp, 38 intact permanent teeth indicated for pulp removal/tooth extraction were included. After cavity preparation, teeth were randomly allocated into two groups: ozone group and control group. VEGF/nNOS level and SOD activity in dental pulp were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and spectrophotometric method, respectively. RESULTS Ozone application decreased number of total bacteria (p = 0.001) and Lactobacillus spp. (p < 0.001), similarly to chlorhexidine. The VEGF (p < 0.001) and nNOS (p = 0.012) levels in dental pulp after ozone application were higher, while SOD activity was lower (p = 0.001) comparing to those in control pulp. CONCLUSIONS Antibacterial effect of ozone on residual bacteria after incomplete caries removal was similar to that of 2% chlorhexidine. Effect of ozone on pulp VEGF, nNOS, and SOD indicated its biocompatibility. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Ozone appears as effective and biocompatible cavity disinfectant in treatment of deep carious lesions by incomplete caries removal technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Krunić
- Department of Dental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of East Sarajevo, Studentska 5, 73300, Foca, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| | - Nikola Stojanović
- Department of Dental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of East Sarajevo, Studentska 5, 73300, Foca, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Ljiljana Đukić
- Department of Pharmacology in Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Roganović
- Department of Pharmacology in Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branka Popović
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Simić
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, University of East Sarajevo, Foca, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Dragica Stojić
- Department of Pharmacology in Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Rechenberg DK, Galicia JC, Peters OA. Biological Markers for Pulpal Inflammation: A Systematic Review. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167289. [PMID: 27898727 PMCID: PMC5127562 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective Pulpitis is mainly caused by an opportunistic infection of the pulp space with commensal oral microorganisms. Depending on the state of inflammation, different treatment regimes are currently advocated. Predictable vital pulp therapy depends on accurate determination of the pulpal status that will allow repair to occur. The role of several players of the host response in pulpitis is well documented: cytokines, proteases, inflammatory mediators, growth factors, antimicrobial peptides and others contribute to pulpal defense mechanisms; these factors may serve as biomarkers that indicate the status of the pulp. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the presence of biomarkers in pulpitis. Methods The electronic databases of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus and other sources were searched for English and non-English articles published through February 2015. Two independent reviewers extracted information regarding study design, tissue or analyte used, outcome measures, results and conclusions for each article. The quality of the included studies was assessed using a modification of the Newcastle-Ottawa-Scale. Results and Conclusions From the initial 847 publications evaluated, a total of 57 articles were included in this review. In general, irreversible pulpitis was associated with different expression of various biomarkers compared to normal controls. These biomarkers were significantly expressed not only in pulp tissue, but also in gingival crevicular fluid that can be collected non-invasively, and in dentin fluid that can be analyzed without extirpating the entire pulpal tissue. Such data may then be used to accurately differentiate diseased from healthy pulp tissue. The interplay of pulpal biomarkers and their potential use for a more accurate and biologically based diagnostic tool in endodontics is envisaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Krister Rechenberg
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Johnah C. Galicia
- Department of Endodontics, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Ove A. Peters
- Department of Endodontics, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, California, United States of America
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Kim BM, Lee JW, Seo JS, Shin KH, Rhee JS, Lee JS. Modulated expression and enzymatic activity of the monogonont rotifer Brachionus koreanus Cu/Zn- and Mn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) in response to environmental biocides. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 120:470-478. [PMID: 25260044 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are important antioxidant enzymes whose expression levels are often used as biomarkers for oxidative stress. To investigate the biomarker potential of the monogonont rotifer Brachionus koreanus SOD genes, the full-length Cu/Zn-SOD (Bk-Cu/Zn-SOD) and Mn-SOD (Bk-Mn-SOD) genes were cloned from genomic DNA and characterized. All amino acid residues involved in the formation of tertiary structure and metal binding in Bk-Cu/Zn-SOD and Bk-Mn-SOD were highly conserved across species. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Bk-Mn-SOD, in particular, was closely clustered with mitochondrial Mn-SOD. Transcript analysis after exposure to six different biocides (alachlor, chlorpyrifos, dimethoate, endosulfan, lindane, and molinate) revealed that the transcriptional level of Bk-Cu/Zn-SOD was significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, the level of Bk-Mn-SOD transcript was significantly increased compared with control cells in response to chlorpyrifos, endosulfan, and molinate at their no observed effect concentrations (NOECs). However, exposure to alachlor, chlorpyrifos, and molinate significantly reduced the enzymatic activity of total SOD protein, while a decreased pattern was observed in all biocide treatments. Taken together, these results indicate that exposure to waterborne environmental biocides induces the transcription of Bk-Cu/Zn-SOD and Bk-Mn-SOD, but inhibits the enzymatic activity of Bk-SODs. These results contribute to our understanding of the modes of action of oxidative stress-mediating biocides on rotifer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Mi Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea
| | - Jin Wuk Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea
| | - Jung Soo Seo
- Pathology Team, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute, Busan 619-902, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Hoon Shin
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, South Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Rhee
- Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 406-772, South Korea.
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea.
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Hegde MN, Hegde ND, Ashok A, Shetty S. Biochemical indicators of dental caries in saliva: an in vivo study. Caries Res 2014; 48:170-3. [PMID: 24504381 DOI: 10.1159/000355580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, copper and zinc levels in saliva of caries-active and caries-free individuals. Eighty healthy adults were divided according to WHO criteria: caries-free (DMFT = 0) and caries-active (DMFT >10). Saliva collected was estimated for SOD activity as well as copper and zinc levels using the atomic nitro blue tetrazolium chloride reduction method and absorption spectrophotometry, respectively. The Student t test was applied. In conclusion, SOD activity as well as copper and zinc levels increased in the caries-active group and showed statistically significant results.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Hegde
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, A.B. Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Nitte University, Mangalore, India
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Liu J, Hou J, Xia ZY, Zeng W, Wang X, Li R, Ke C, Xu J, Lei S, Xia Z. Recombinant PTD-Cu/Zn SOD attenuates hypoxia-reoxygenation injury in cardiomyocytes. Free Radic Res 2013; 47:386-93. [PMID: 23445361 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2013.780286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Increasing the protein expression of intracellular Cu/Zn SOD, which is the major endogenous antioxidant enzyme, may attenuate or prevent hypoxia-reoxygenation injury (HRI) in cultured cardiomyocytes. However, ectogenic Cu/Zn-SOD can hardly be transferred into cells to exert biological effects. In this study, we constructed PTD-Cu/Zn SOD plasmid with a kind of translocation structure-Protein transduction domain (PTD) and detected its transmembrane ability and antioxidant effects in H9c2 rat cardiomyocytes subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation injury (HRI). METHODS We constructed the pET-PTD-Cu/Zn SOD (CDs) prokaryotic expression vectors in plasmid that were inserted into E. coli BL21 to induce the protein expression of PTD-Cu/Zn SOD. H9c2 cardiomyocyte HRI was achieved by exposing cardiomyocytes to 12 h hypoxia followed by 2 h reoxygenation. Protein expression of PTD-Cu/Zn SOD in cardiomyocytes was assayed by Western blot and their enzyme activities were investigated by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. RESULTS In cultured cardiomyocytes hypoxia-reoxygenation injury model, exogenous PTD-Cu/Zn SOD could penetrate cell membrane to clear superoxide anion and decrease hydrogen peroxide level in H9c2 cardiomyocytes subjected to HRI. The level of mitochondrial membrane potential was restored to normal, and the cell apoptosis was reduced in cardiomyocytes with PTD-Cu/Zn SOD treatment during HRI. CONCLUSION Recombinant PTD-Cu/Zn SOD could scavenge intracellular-free superoxide anion, protect mitochondria from damages, and attenuate the hypoxia-reoxygenation injury in cultured cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Remin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
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Leite MF, Lima AM, Otton R. Combination of astaxanthin and fish oil supplementation alters antioxidant enzyme profile of dental pulp tissue. Int Endod J 2012; 45:1109-15. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2012.02080.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. F. Leite
- Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul; São Paulo; Brazil
| | - A. M. Lima
- Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul; São Paulo; Brazil
| | - R. Otton
- Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul; São Paulo; Brazil
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Mazzoni A, Breschi L, Carrilho M, Nascimento FD, Orsini G, Ruggeri A, Gobbi P, Manzoli L, Tay FR, Pashley DH, Tjäderhane L. A review of the nature, role, and function of dentin non-collagenous proteins. Part II: enzymes, serum proteins, and growth factors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-1546.2012.00268.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Leite MF, De Lima A, Massuyama MM, Otton R. In vivo astaxanthin treatment partially prevents antioxidant alterations in dental pulp from alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Int Endod J 2011; 43:959-67. [PMID: 20546046 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2010.01707.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effect of astaxanthin on antioxidant parameters of dental pulp from diabetic rats. The hypothesis tested was that supplementation of diabetic rats with astaxanthin might eliminate, or at least attenuate, the defect in their antioxidative status. METHODOLOGY Wistar rats (n=32) were divided into four groups: untreated control, treated control, untreated diabetic and treated diabetic rats. A prophylactic dose of astaxanthin (20 mg kg(-1) body weight) was administered daily by gavage for 30 days. On day 23, diabetes was induced by injection of alloxan (60 mg kg(-1) body weight). After 7 days of diabetes induction, the rats were killed, and pulp tissue from incisor teeth removed. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and reductase activities were determined. Data were compared by anova and the Newman-Keuls test (P<0.05). RESULTS Diabetes caused a reduction in SOD, GPx and reductase activity in dental pulp tissue. Astaxanthin had no effect on SOD and catalase activities; however, it stimulated GPx in control and diabetic rats. CONCLUSIONS Diabetes altered the antioxidant system in dental pulp tissue; astaxanthin partially improved the diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Leite
- Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul - São Paulo, Brazil.
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Carroll IM, Andrus JM, Bruno-Bárcena JM, Klaenhammer TR, Hassan HM, Threadgill DS. Anti-inflammatory properties of Lactobacillus gasseri expressing manganese superoxide dismutase using the interleukin 10-deficient mouse model of colitis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2007; 293:G729-38. [PMID: 17640978 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00132.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence has implicated reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Although intestinal epithelial cells produce the ROS-neutralizing enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD), the protein and activity levels of copper/zinc (Cu/Zn) and manganese (Mn) SOD are perturbed in inflamed tissues of IBD patients. Thus we investigated the ability of MnSOD from Streptococcus thermophilus to reduce colitis symptoms in interleukin (IL) 10-deficient mice using Lactobacillus gasseri as a delivery vehicle. Cohorts of 13-15 IL-10-deficient mice were left untreated or supplemented with native L. gasseri or L. gasseri expressing MnSOD for 4 wk. Colonic tissue was collected and inflammation was histologically scored. The presence of innate immune cells was investigated by immunohistochemistry and the host antioxidant response was determined by quantitative PCR. It was demonstrated that L. gasseri was stably maintained in mice for at least 3 days. L. gasseri producing MnSOD significantly reduced inflammation in IL-10-deficient mice compared with untreated controls (P < 0.05), whereas the anti-inflammatory effects of both native and MnSOD producing L. gasseri were more pronounced in males. The anti-inflammatory effects of L. gasseri were associated with a reduction in the infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages. Transcripts of antioxidant genes were equivalent in colonic tissues obtained from control and probiotic-treated IL-10-deficient mice. This study demonstrates that L. gasseri producing MnSOD has significant anti-inflammatory activity that reduces the severity of colitis in the IL-10-deficient mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian M Carroll
- Dept. of Genetics, CB7264, Univ. of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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