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Moga RA, Olteanu CD, Delean AG. Trabecular Bone Component Assessment under Orthodontic Loads and Movements during Periodontal Breakdown-A Finite Elements Analysis. Dent J (Basel) 2024; 12:190. [PMID: 38920891 PMCID: PMC11202809 DOI: 10.3390/dj12060190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This numerical analysis, by employing Tresca and Von Mises failure criteria, assessed the biomechanical behavior of a trabecular bone component subjected to 0.6, 1.2, and 2.4 N orthodontic forces under five movements (intrusion, extrusion, tipping, rotation, and translation) and during a gradual horizontal periodontal breakdown (0-8 mm). Additionally, they assessed the changes produced by bone loss, and the ischemic and resorptive risks. The analysis employed eighty-one models of nine patients in 405 simulations. Both failure criteria showed similar qualitative results, with Tresca being quantitatively higher by 1.09-1.21. No qualitative differences were seen between the three orthodontic loads. Quantitatively, a doubling (1.2 N) and quadrupling (2.4 N) were visible when compared to 0.6 N. Rotation and translation followed by tipping are the most stressful, especially for a reduced periodontium, prone to higher ischemic and resorptive risks. In an intact periodontium, 1.2 N can be safely applied but only in a reduced periodontium for extrusion and intrusion. More than 0.6 N is prone to increasing ischemic and resorptive risks for the other three movements. In an intact periodontium, stress spreads in the entire trabecular structure. In a reduced periodontium, stress concentrates (after a 4 mm loss-marker for the stress change distribution) and increases around the cervical third of the remaining alveolar socket.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radu-Andrei Moga
- Department of Cariology, Endodontics and Oral Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iuliu Hatieganu, Strada Motilor 33, 400001 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Cristian Doru Olteanu
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iuliu Hatieganu, Strada Avram Iancu 31, 400083 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ada Gabriela Delean
- Department of Cariology, Endodontics and Oral Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iuliu Hatieganu, Strada Motilor 33, 400001 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
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Baghaei NN, Zhai G, Lamani E. Genetic and other factors contributing to external apical root resorption in orthodontic patients. Orthod Craniofac Res 2023; 26 Suppl 1:64-72. [PMID: 37526277 PMCID: PMC10830890 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE External apical root resorption (EARR) is a multifactorial disorder with adverse clinical outcomes in orthodontic practices often resulting in significant root shortening. This study examined the effect that specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have on the risk of developing EARR in orthodontic patients in X. We also evaluated how other selected patient- and treatment-related factors may contribute to root resorption in these patients. SETTING/SAMPLE Patients included in this case-control study were treated at the University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics. METHODS Panoramic radiographs were used to measure root resorption of the maxillary incisors. EARR was recorded when at least 20% of the root length had been lost with orthodontic treatment. Factors evaluated for association with EARR included ethnicity, sex, age, dental and skeletal classifications, ANB, U1-SN, overjet, treatment type and time, and SNPs in IL-1A (rs1800587), IL-1B (rs1143634), IL-1RN (rs419598), P2RX7 (rs1718119 and rs2230912), IRAK1 (rs1059703) and CASP1 (rs530537, rs580253 and rs554344). Chi-square test, Student's t test, Wilcoxon test, Benjamin-Hochberg false discovery rate (FDR) adjustment and logistic regression were used to analyse the data. The significance level was defined as P < .05. RESULTS We found that extraction treatment protocol and dental classification displayed significant association with root resorption. Furthermore, the GG genotype of IL-1A rs1800587 variant (in individuals with an increased overjet) predisposed Caucasians to EARR. While CASP1 (rs530537) variant may contribute to the risk of root resorption, it was not statistically significant after FDR adjustment (P = .09). CONCLUSIONS Both patient- and treatment-related factors contributed to EARR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nellie N. Baghaei
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Guihua Zhai
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Ejvis Lamani
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Dawood HM, Kroeger A, Chavda V, Chapple ILC, Kebschull M. Under pressure-mechanisms and risk factors for orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption: a systematic review. Eur J Orthod 2023; 45:612-626. [PMID: 37366151 PMCID: PMC10505745 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjad011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The application of orthodontic forces causes root resorption of variable severity with potentially severe clinical ramifications. OBJECTIVE To systematically review reports on the pathophysiological mechanisms of orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR) and the associated risk factors based on in vitro, experimental, and in vivo studies. SEARCH METHODS We undertook an electronic search of four databases and a separate hand-search. SELECTION CRITERIA Studies reporting on the effect of orthodontic forces with/without the addition of potential risk factors on OIIRR, including (1) gene expression in in-vitro studies, the incidence root resorption in (2) animal studies, and (3) human studies. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Potential hits underwent a two-step selection, data extraction, quality assessment, and systematic appraisal performed by duplicate examiners. RESULTS One hundred and eighteen articles met the eligibility criteria. Studies varied considerably in methodology, reporting of results, and variable risk of bias judgements.In summary, the variable evidence identified supports the notion that the application of orthodontic forces leads to (1) characteristic alterations of molecular expression profiles in vitro, (2) an increased rate of OIIRR in animal models, as well as (3) in human studies. Importantly, the additional presence of risk factors such as malocclusion, previous trauma, and medications like corticosteroids increased the severity of OIIRR, whilst other factors decreased its severity, including oral contraceptives, baicalin, and high caffeine. CONCLUSIONS Based on the systematically reviewed evidence, OIIRR seems to be an inevitable consequence of the application of orthodontic forces-with different risk factors modifying its severity. Our review has identified several molecular mechanisms that can help explain this link between orthodontic forces and OIIRR. Nevertheless, it must be noted that the available eligible literature was in part significantly confounded by bias and was characterized by substantial methodological heterogeneity, suggesting that the results of this systematic review should be interpreted with caution. REGISTRATION PROSPERO (CRD42021243431).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan M Dawood
- Periodontal Research Group, School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Annika Kroeger
- Department of Oral Surgery, School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Community Healthcare NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Vinay Chavda
- Birmingham Community Healthcare NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Iain L C Chapple
- Periodontal Research Group, School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Community Healthcare NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Moritz Kebschull
- Periodontal Research Group, School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Community Healthcare NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
- Division of Periodontics, Section of Oral, Diagnostic and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Sameshima GT, Iglesias-Linares A. Orthodontic root resorption. J World Fed Orthod 2021; 10:135-143. [PMID: 34785166 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejwf.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
External apical root resorption (EARR) is one of the most frequently reported iatrogenic side effects of orthodontic movement. Nevertheless, no robust and unequivocal scientific evidence is yet available in the literature regarding the clinical and biological factors that trigger EARR. The purpose of the present position paper is to provide clinicians, residents, and investigators a summary of our current understanding about root resorption caused by orthodontic tooth movement, based on up-to-date available scientific evidence. Morphological, structural, biomechanical, and biological differences account for predisposing the apical third to EARR compared to other root surfaces during orthodontic treatment. In addition, a relevant number of patient and treatment-related factors increase risk of EARR. The main patient-related factors are reviewed and discussed: genetic factors, tooth anatomy, demographic factors, malocclusion factors, previous endodontic treatment, medical history, short root anomaly. Similarly, the influence of treatment-related factors are analyzed with regard to the effect of: biomechanical factors, type of orthodontic appliance, adjunctive therapies to accelerate tooth movement, early treatment, maxillary expansion, teeth extractions, the duration of treatment and the amount of apical displacement. Clinical management of EARR from pre-treatment records to the monitoring strategy as well as recommendations for the post orthodontic-treatment period are presented as a guide for the clinician. Despite years of studies, we still do not fully understand EARR, but the future is promising. True three-dimensional imaging with higher resolution and low radiation, and predictive tools towards an earlier detection without radiographs, will mark future developments in the field of EARR in orthodontics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn T Sameshima
- Advanced Orthodontics, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry of University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, California, USA.
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Naruse H, Itoh S, Itoh Y, Kagioka T, Abe M, Hayashi M. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway has a healing ability for periapical periodontitis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19673. [PMID: 34608236 PMCID: PMC8490427 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99231-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Various disease-related genes have recently been identified using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). This study identified disease-related genes by analyzing SNP using genomic DNA isolated from Japanese patients with periapical periodontitis. Results showed that the SNP in LRP5 demonstrated a significant genotypic association with periapical lesions (Fisher’s exact test, P < 0.05). We constructed an in vivo murine periapical periodontitis model to confirm the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway’s role in developing and healing periapical periodontitis. We observed that administration of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway inhibitor enlarged the periapical lesion. Moreover, applying lithium chloride (LiCl) to root canals accelerated periapical periodontitis healing. Histological analysis demonstrated that the expression levels of Col1a1 and Runx2 increased in the LiCl application group compared to that in the control group. Furthermore, many CD45R-positive cells appeared in the periapical lesions in the LiCl application group. These results indicated that LiCl promoted the healing of periapical periodontitis by inducing bone formation and immune responses. Our findings suggest that the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway regulates the development of periapical periodontitis. We propose a bioactive next-generation root canal treatment agent for this dental lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruna Naruse
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shousaku Itoh
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Yuki Itoh
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takumi Kagioka
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Makoto Abe
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mikako Hayashi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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Genetic variation involved in the risk to external apical root resorption in orthodontic patients: a systematic review. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:5613-5627. [PMID: 34392402 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04074-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To perform a systematic review/meta-analysis to elucidate the scientific basis for the association between genetic variations and risk of external apical root resorption (EARR) in orthodontic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, LILACS) were electronically searched until November 22, 2020, followed by manual and gray literature search. Case-control or cross-sectional studies that evaluated genes involved in the susceptibility of orthodontic patients to EARR were eligible. Two reviewers applied the inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracted qualitative data, as well as assessed methodological quality using instrument proposed for genetic studies. For synthesis results, narrative and quantitative data (meta-analysis) were performed. The certainty of the evidence was tested using the GRADE Working Group approach. RESULTS Of 201 articles in total, 16 studies were included in the review. Of these, 11 presented moderate and 5 of high methodological quality. In the narrative analysis, from 16 studies, 15 studies (10 genes) showed a significant association with EARR and 9 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Only the polymorphism rs208294 in P2RX7 (dominant model) was associated with EARR (OR = 0.52, 95%CI = 0.29-0.95, p = 0.03) and presented a very low certainty of the evidence. CONCLUSION Narrative analyses of individual studies demonstrated an association of many genes. The number of studies for each genetic variation was very low, and methodological heterogeneity between the studies was observed. Quantitative analyses (meta-analysis) could only show an involvement for P2RX7 (rs208294) in the risk of orthodontic patients to EARR at a very low certainty of evidence. (CRD42018085411). CLINICAL RELEVANCE The knowledge regarding the molecular aspects involved in the etiology of EARR will allow orthodontists to use a personalized treatment and early diagnosis of risk patients. This systematic review demonstrates that more studies are necessary to unravel the role of genetic variation for patients' risk to EARR during orthodontic tooth movement.
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Alshammery D, Alabdulkarim A, Alkanhal N, AlTammami M. Comparison of apical resorption of endodontically treated teeth before and after orthodontic movement with clear aligner: A preliminary radiometric study. SAUDI JOURNAL OF ORAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/sjoralsci.sjoralsci_48_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Nowrin SA, Jaafar S, Rahman NA, Shahid F, Basri R, Alam MK. External Apical Root Resorption and IL-1A, IL-1RN Gene Polymorphisms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies. PESQUISA BRASILEIRA EM ODONTOPEDIATRIA E CLÍNICA INTEGRADA 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/pboci.2021.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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9
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Behnaz M, Jazaeri M, Aghandeh P, Taheri M, Ghafouri-Fard S. Genetic factors in determination of risk of external apical root resorption: A concise review. GENE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Kalra S, Gupta P, Tripathi T, Rai P. External apical root resorption in orthodontic patients: molecular and genetic basis. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:3872-3882. [PMID: 33110782 PMCID: PMC7586589 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_802_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
External apical root resorption is one of the most deleterious complications after orthodontic treatment. Studies to explain the causal relationship between orthodontic tooth movement and external apical root resorption have been inconclusive till date. Individual variations in external apical root resorption sometimes overshadow the treatment related factors which indicate genetic predisposition and/or multifactorial etiology. Mechanism of root resorption is not completely understood. Inflammatory root resorption induced by orthodontic treatment is a part of process of elimination of hyaline zone. An imbalance between bone resorption and deposition may contribute to root resorption by the cementoclasts/osteoclasts. This narrative review article explains the molecular pathway involved in external apical root resorption and also role of various genes involved at different level. It also reviews the literature published during the past 20 years concerning the association studies linking EARR to genetic polymorphisms. This literature review provides an insight into genetic predisposition of external apical root resorption that can be used in orthodontic practice to enable 'high-risk' subjects to be identified on the basis of their genetic information before orthodontic treatment is initiated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Kalra
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Prateek Gupta
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Tulika Tripathi
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Priyank Rai
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
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GWAS of Post-Orthodontic Aggressive External Apical Root Resorption Identified Multiple Putative Loci at X-Y Chromosomes. J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10040169. [PMID: 33066413 PMCID: PMC7712155 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10040169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Personalized dental medicine requires from precise and customized genomic diagnostic. To conduct an association analysis over multiple putative loci and genes located at chromosomes 2, 4, 8, 12, 18, X, and Y, potentially implicated in an extreme type of external apical root resorption secondary to orthodontic forces (aEARR). A genome-wide association study of aEARR was conducted with 480 patients [ratio~1:3 case/control]. Genomic DNA was extracted and analyzed using the high-throughput Axiom platform with the GeneTitan® MC Instrument. Up to 14,377 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected at candidate regions and clinical/diagnostic data were recorded. A descriptive analysis of the data along with a backward conditional binary logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios, with 95% confidence intervals [p < 0.05]. To select the best SNP candidates, a logistic regression model was fitted assuming a log-additive genetic model using R software [p < 0.0001]. In this sample the top lead genetic variants associated with aEARR were two novel putative genes located in the X chromosome, specifically, STAG 2 gene, rs151184635 and RP1-30E17.2 gene, rs55839915. These variants were found to be associated with an increased risk of aEARR, particularly restricted to men [OR: 6.09; 95%CI: 2.6–14.23 and OR: 6.86; 95%CI: 2.65–17.81, respectively]. Marginal associations were found at previously studied variants such as SSP1: rs11730582 [OR: 0.54; 95%CI: 0.34–0.86; p = 0.008], P2RX7: rs1718119 [OR: 0.6; 95%CI: 0.36–1.01; p = 0.047], and TNFRSF11A: rs8086340 [OR: 0.6; 95%CI: 0.38–0.95; p = 0.024]), found solely in females. Multiple putative genetic variants located at chromosomes X and Y are potentially implicated in an extreme phenotype of aEARR. A gender-linked association was noted.
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Behnaz M, Mohammad-Rahimi H, Javaheri F, Omrani MD, Noroozi R, Taheri M, Ghafouri-Fard S. The rs1143634 of IL-1β gene is associated with external apical root resorption in Iranian population. Meta Gene 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2020.100711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Reply. J Endod 2020; 46:1009-1010. [PMID: 32381267 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2020.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Orthodontic-induced External Root Resorption of Endodontically Treated Teeth: A Meta-analysis. J Endod 2019; 45:483-489. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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IL-1ß rs1143634 and rs16944 polymorphisms in patients with periodontal disease. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 98:47-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Nowrin SA, Jaafar S, Ab Rahman N, Basri R, Alam MK, Shahid F. Association between genetic polymorphisms and external apical root resorption: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Korean J Orthod 2018; 48:395-404. [PMID: 30450332 PMCID: PMC6234115 DOI: 10.4041/kjod.2018.48.6.395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To date, only a few studies have investigated the relationships between genetic polymorphisms and external apical root resorption (EARR). Hence, the aim of this systematic review was to explore the relationship between different gene polymorphisms and their association with EARR. Methods A complete literature search was conducted by two independent reviewers. The PubMed, Science Direct, and Scopus databases were searched. In addition, the bibliographies of all textbooks and relevant articles were searched manually. A meta-analysis was performed using data entered into the electronic databases until February 28, 2017. Results On the basis of the search, we identified 17 and 7 publications for the systematic review and meta-analysis, respectively. Odds ratio (OR) was used to evaluate the association of the interleukin 1B (+3954) polymorphism and the risk of EARR. The overall OR from the studies was used to estimate the risk of EARR. However, no association was found and no publication bias was apparent for the risk of EARR in patients receiving orthodontic treatment. Conclusions More research on the relationship between gene polymorphism and EARR is necessary to determine better specificity of possible interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifat A Nowrin
- Orthodontic Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Saidi Jaafar
- Craniofacial Biology Research Group, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Norma Ab Rahman
- Orthodontic Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Rehana Basri
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Al Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Fazal Shahid
- Orthodontic Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Hartsfield JK, Jacob GJ, Morford LA. Heredity, Genetics and Orthodontics - How Much Has This Research Really Helped? Semin Orthod 2017; 23:336-347. [PMID: 29290679 DOI: 10.1053/j.sodo.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Uncovering the genetic factors that correlate with a clinical deviation of previously unknown etiology helps to diminish the unknown variation influencing the phenotype. Clinical studies, particularly those that consider the effects of an appliance or treatment regimen on growth, need to be a part of these types of genetic investigations in the future. While the day-to-day utilization of "testing" for genetic factors is not ready for practice yet, genetic testing for monogenic traits such as Primary Failure of Eruption (PFE) and Class III malocclusion is showing more promise as knowledge and technology advances. Although the heterogeneous complexity of such things as facial and dental development, the physiology of tooth movement, and the occurrence of External Apical Root Resorption (EARR) make their precise prediction untenable, investigations into the genetic factors that influence different phenotypes, and how these factors may relate to or impact environmental factors (including orthodontic treatment) are becoming better understood. The most important "genetic test" the practitioner can do today is to gather the patient's individual and family history. This would greatly benefit the patient, and augment the usefulness of these families in future clinical research in which clinical findings, environmental, and genetic factors can be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- James K Hartsfield
- E. Preston Hicks Professor of Orthodontics and Oral Health Research, University of Kentucky Center for the Biologic Basis of Oral/Systemic Diseases, Hereditary Genetics/Genomics Core
| | - George Jeryn Jacob
- Craniofacial Genetics Fellow, University of Kentucky Center for the Biologic Basis of Oral/Systemic Diseases, Hereditary Genetics/Genomics Core
| | - Lorri Ann Morford
- Research Assistant Professor, University of Kentucky Center for the Biologic Basis of Oral/Systemic Diseases, Hereditary Genetics/Genomics CoreThe University of Kentucky College of Dentistry, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, Kentucky USA 40536-0297
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Consolaro A, Bianco DDA. Tooth resorptions are not hereditary. Dental Press J Orthod 2017; 22:22-27. [PMID: 28902245 PMCID: PMC5573006 DOI: 10.1590/2177-6709.22.4.022-027.oin] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Root resorptions caused by orthodontic movement are not supported by consistent scientific evidence that correlate them with heredity, individual predisposition and genetic or familial susceptibility. Current studies are undermined by methodological and interpretative errors, especially regarding the diagnosis and measurements of root resorption from orthopantomographs and cephalograms. Samples are heterogeneous insofar as they comprise different clinical operators, varied types of planning, and in insufficient number, in view of the prevalence of tooth resorptions in the population. Nearly all biological events are coded and managed through genes, but this does not mean tooth resorptions are inherited, which can be demonstrated in heredograms and other methods of family studies. In orthodontic root resorption, one cannot possibly determine percentages of how much would be due to heredity or genetics, environmental factors and unknown factors. There is no need to lay the blame of tooth resorptions on events taking place outside the orthodontic realm since in the vast majority of cases, resorptions are not iatrogenic. In orthodontic practice, when all teeth are analyzed and planned using periapical radiography or computerized tomography, and when considering all predictive factors, tooth resorptions are not iatrogenic in nature and should be considered as one of the clinical events inherent in the treatment applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Consolaro
- Bauru School of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo (Bauru/SP, Brazil). Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo (Ribeirão Preto/SP, Brazil)
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Nieto-Nieto N, Solano JE, Yañez-Vico R. External apical root resorption concurrent with orthodontic forces: the genetic influence. Acta Odontol Scand 2017; 75:280-287. [PMID: 28358285 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2017.1294260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Root resorption is a pathological process of multifactorial origin related to the permanent loss of dental root structure in response to a mechanical, inflammatory, autoimmune or infectious stimulus. External apical root resorption (EARR) is a frequent clinical complication secondary to orthodontic tooth movement; apart from variables related to treatment, environmental factors and/or interindividual genetic variations can confer susceptibility or resistance to its occurrence. In this context, genetic predisposition has been described as an etiological factor, together with mechanical factors derived from orthodontic treatment. In recent years, international research groups have determined the degree of influence of some genetic biomarkers in defining increased/reduced susceptibility to postorthodontic EARR. The influences of the IL1 gene cluster (IL1B, IL1A, IL1RN, IL6), P2RX7, CASP1, OPG (TNFRSF11B), RANK (TNFRSF11A), Osteopontin (OPN), TNFα, the vitamin D receptor (TaqI), TNSALP and IRAK1 have been analyzed. The objective of the present review study was to compile and analyze the latest information about the genetic background predisposing to EARR during orthodontic treatment. Genetics-based studies along with other basic science research in the field might help to clarify the exact nature of EARR, the influence of genetic inheritance and possibly lead to the prevention or even eradication of this phenomenon during orthodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Nieto-Nieto
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Jose Enrique Solano
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Rosa Yañez-Vico
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
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Guo Y, He S, Gu T, Liu Y, Chen S. Genetic and clinical risk factors of root resorption associated with orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2017; 150:283-9. [PMID: 27476361 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2015.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION External apical root resorption (EARR) is a common complication in orthodontic treatment. Despite many studies on EARR, great controversies remain with regard to its risk factors. The objective of this study was to explore the relationship among sex, root movement, IL-1RN single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs419598, IL-6 SNP rs1800796, and EARR associated with orthodontic treatment. METHODS Altogether 174 patients (with 174 maxillary left central incisors) were selected for this study. Cone-beam computed tomography was performed before the start of the treatment and at the end of the treatment. Cone-beam computed tomography data were used to reconstruct a 3-dimensional image of each tooth; the volume and the root resorption volume of each tooth were calculated. Three-dimensional matching was used to measure the amount of movement of each root. Genomic DNA was extracted from buccal swabs, and genotypes of SNP rs419598 and SNP rs1800796 of each subject were determined using TaqMan polymerase chain reaction genotyping (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, Calif). The data were analyzed with multiple linear regression analysis. RESULTS The statistical analysis indicated no relationship between sex, tooth movement amount, and IL-1RN SNP rs419598 with EARR. The IL-6 SNP rs1800796 GC was associated with EARR, and root resorption differed significantly between SNP rs1800796 GC and CC. CONCLUSIONS IL-6 SNP rs1800796 GC is a risk factor for EARR. The amount of root movement, IL-1RN SNP rs419598, and sex as risk factors for EARR need further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Guo
- Postgraduate student, State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Department of Orthodontics, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; clinician, Department of Orthodontics, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shushu He
- Lecturer, State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Department of Orthodontics, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tian Gu
- Postgraduate student, State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Department of Orthodontics, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Postgraduate student, State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Department of Orthodontics, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Song Chen
- Professor, State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Department of Orthodontics, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Abstract
When orthodontic patients desire shorter treatment times with aesthetic results and long-term stability, it is important for the orthodontist to understand the potential limitations and problems that may arise during standard and/or technology-assisted accelerated treatment. Bone density plays an important role in facilitating orthodontic tooth movement (OTM), such that reductions in bone density can significantly increase movement velocity. Lifestyle, genetic background, environmental factors, and disease status all can influence a patients' overall health and bone density. In some individuals, these factors may create specific conditions that influence systemic-wide bone metabolism. Both genetic variation and the onset of a bone-related disease can influence systemic bone density and local bone density, such as observed in the mandible and maxilla. These types of localized density changes can affect the rate of OTM and may also influence the risk of unwanted outcomes, i.e., the occurrence of dental external apical root resorption (EARR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Iglesias-Linares
- Department of Orthodontics, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramon y Cajal sn, Phone: +34636705246,
| | - Lorri Ann Morford
- University of Kentucky Center for the Biologic Basis of Oral/Systemic Diseases, 1095 Veterans Administration Drive, HSRB Room 414, Lexington, KY 40536-0305 USA, Phone: 859-323-2595 Fax: 859-257-6566,
| | - James Kennedy Hartsfield
- University of Kentucky Center for the Biologic Basis of Oral/Systemic Diseases, 1095 Veterans Administration Drive, HSRB Room 414, Lexington, KY 40536-0305 USA, Phone: 859-323-0296 Fax: 859-257-6566,
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Aminoshariae A, Aminoshariae A, Valiathan M, Kulild JC. Association of genetic polymorphism and external apical root resorption. Angle Orthod 2016; 86:1042-1049. [DOI: 10.2319/011916-50.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Objective:
To evaluate the relationship between genetic polymorphism and external apical root resorption.
Methodology:
The protocol was prepared and registered on PROSPERO. Two reviewers independently conducted a comprehensive literature search. The MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, and PubMed databases were searched. In addition, the bibliographies of all relevant articles and textbooks were manually searched.
Results:
Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Four studies were classified as low-quality studies (score <10), and nine studies were classified as high-quality studies.
Discussion:
The results of the present review suggest that, although some authors have reported that genetic polymorphism may play a role in external apical root resorption, others have not supported this association. Future studies should be more consistent in their research methodologies to determine with clarity whether an association exists.
Conclusion:
Future investigations should include larger sample sizes with matching cases/controls, adjust for confounders, provide power calculation and odds ratios, and report genetic analyses with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The current investigation suggests guidelines and recommendations for future investigators studying genetic polymorphism in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Aminoshariae
- Resident, Department of Orthodontics, Case Western Reserve University, School of Dental Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Anita Aminoshariae
- Associate Professor, Department of Endodontics, Case Western Reserve University, School of Dental Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Manish Valiathan
- Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Case Western Reserve University, School of Dental Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - James C. Kulild
- Professor Emeritus, Department of Endodontics, University of Missouri-Kansas City, School of Dentistry, Kansas City, Mo
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Bastos JV, Côrtes MIS, Silva JFC, Goulart EMA, Colosimo EA, Gomez RS, Dutra WO. A study of the interleukin-1 gene cluster polymorphisms and inflammatory external root resorption in replanted permanent teeth. Int Endod J 2014; 48:878-87. [PMID: 25266756 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the interleukin-1 gene cluster (IL1) are associated with the occurrence and severity of inflammatory external root resorption (IERR) after replantation of avulsed permanent teeth. METHODOLOGY Indexes of IERR were radiographically assessed in 182 mature replanted permanent teeth from 146 patients at the onset of endodontic therapy. DNA was extracted from buccal mucosa cells and genotyped using TaqMan probes-based assays for the SNPs IL1A -889C/T (rs 180058), IL1B +3954C/T (rs1143634) and IL1RN +2018C/T (rs419598). Teeth were grouped into two categories: IERR absent to mild (indexes ≤ 4) and moderate to severe IERR (indexes > 4). Genetic variations in the IL1 gene cluster were tested for their effect on the occurrence and extension of IERR using the GEE model (generalized estimation equation). Patient's age at the moment of injury, timing of pulpectomy, extra-alveolar period and storage condition of the avulsed teeth was included as possible confounders. RESULTS No association was found between SNPs IL1A -889C/T, IL1B +3954C/T (rs1143634) and IL1RN +2018C/T (rs419598) and IERR indexes. Timing of pulpectomy (OR 3.5 IC 95% 2.0-6.2 P < 0.001) and patient's age at the moment of trauma (OR 0.29 IC 95% 0.12-0.67 P = 0.004) significantly affected the risk of developing severe IERR. CONCLUSIONS While timing of pulpectomy and patient's age at the moment of trauma were confirmed as important risk factors, SNPs within the IL1 gene cluster did not affect the susceptibility for IERR after replantation of permanent teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- J V Bastos
- Dental Trauma Programme, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - M I S Côrtes
- Dental Trauma Programme, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - J F C Silva
- Faculty of Health and Biological Sciences, Newton Paiva University Center, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - E M A Goulart
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - E A Colosimo
- Department of Statistics, Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - R S Gomez
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - W O Dutra
- Laboratory of Cell-cell Interactions, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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