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Kiefer MF, Meng Y, Yang N, Vahrenbrink M, Wulff S, Li C, Wowro SJ, Petricek KM, Sommerfeld M, Flores RE, Obermayer B, Piepelow K, Klaus S, Hartl K, Guillot A, Tacke F, Sigal M, Schupp M. Intestinal retinol saturase is implicated in the development of obesity and epithelial homeostasis upon injury. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2024; 327:E203-E216. [PMID: 38895981 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00035.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Retinol saturase (RetSat) is an oxidoreductase involved in lipid metabolism and the cellular sensitivity to peroxides. RetSat is highly expressed in metabolic organs like the liver and adipose tissue and its global loss in mice increases body weight and adiposity. The regulation of RetSat expression and its function in the intestine are unexplored. Here, we show that RetSat is present in different segments of the digestive system, localizes to intestinal epithelial cells, and is upregulated by feeding mice high-fat diet (HFD). Intestine-specific RetSat deletion in adult mice did not affect nutrient absorption and energy homeostasis basally, but lowered body weight gain and fat mass of HFD-fed mice, potentially via increasing locomotor activity. Moreover, jejunal expression of genes related to β-oxidation and cholesterol efflux was decreased, and colonic cholesterol content was reduced upon RetSat deletion. In colitis, which we show to downregulate intestinal RetSat expression in humans and mice, RetSat ablation improved epithelial architecture of the murine colon. Thus, intestinal RetSat expression is regulated by dietary interventions and inflammation, and its loss reduces weight gain upon HFD feeding and alleviates epithelial damage upon injury.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Retinol saturase (RetSat) is an oxidoreductase with unknown function in the intestine. We found that RetSat localizes in intestinal epithelial cells and that its deletion reduced weight gain and fat mass in obese mice. In colitis, which decreased intestinal RetSat expression in humans and mice, RetSat ablation improved the epithelial architecture of the murine colon, presumably by decreasing ROS production, thus rendering RetSat a novel target for metabolic and inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie F Kiefer
- Max Rubner Center (MRC) for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research, Institute of Pharmacology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Bioanalytics Unit, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yueming Meng
- Max Rubner Center (MRC) for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research, Institute of Pharmacology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Na Yang
- Max Rubner Center (MRC) for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research, Institute of Pharmacology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Madita Vahrenbrink
- Max Rubner Center (MRC) for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research, Institute of Pharmacology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sascha Wulff
- Max Rubner Center (MRC) for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research, Institute of Pharmacology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Chen Li
- Max Rubner Center (MRC) for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research, Institute of Pharmacology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sylvia J Wowro
- Max Rubner Center (MRC) for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research, Institute of Pharmacology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Konstantin M Petricek
- Max Rubner Center (MRC) for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research, Institute of Pharmacology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Manuela Sommerfeld
- Max Rubner Center (MRC) for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research, Institute of Pharmacology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Roberto E Flores
- Max Rubner Center (MRC) for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research, Institute of Pharmacology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Benedikt Obermayer
- Core Unit Bioinformatics, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karolin Piepelow
- Department of Physiology of Energy Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Susanne Klaus
- Department of Physiology of Energy Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Kimberly Hartl
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum (CVK) and Campus Charité Mitte (CCM), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Adrien Guillot
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum (CVK) and Campus Charité Mitte (CCM), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum (CVK) and Campus Charité Mitte (CCM), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Sigal
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum (CVK) and Campus Charité Mitte (CCM), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Schupp
- Max Rubner Center (MRC) for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research, Institute of Pharmacology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Zheng Z, Du T, Gao S, Yin T, Li L, Zhu L, Singh R, Sun R, Hu M. Optimized rat models better mimic patients with irinotecan-induced severe diarrhea. Toxicol Mech Methods 2024; 34:572-583. [PMID: 38390772 PMCID: PMC11095999 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2024.2316003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Irinotecan-induced severe diarrhea (IISD) not only limits irinotecan's application but also significantly affects patients' quality of life. However, existing animal models often inadequately represent the dynamics of IISD development, progression, and resolution across multiple chemotherapy cycles, yielding non-reproducible and highly variable response with limited clinical translation. Our studies aim to establish a reproducible and validated IISD model that better mimics the pathophysiology progression observed in patients, enhancing translational potential. We investigated the impact of dosing regimens (including different dose, infusion time, and two cycles of irinotecan administration), sex, age, tumor-bearing conditions, and irinotecan formulation on the IISD incidence and severity in mice and rats. Lastly, we investigated above factors' impact on pharmacokinetics of irinotecan, intestinal injury, and carboxylesterase activities. In summary, we successfully established a standard model establishment procedure for an optimized IISD model with highly reproducible severe diarrhea incidence rate (100%) and a low mortality rate (11%) in F344 rats. Additionally, the rats tolerated at least two cycles of irinotecan chemotherapy treatment. In contrast, the mouse model exhibited suboptimal IISD incidence rates (60%) and an extremely high mortality rate (100%). Notably, dosing regimen, age and tumor-bearing conditions of animals emerged as critical factors in IISD model establishment. In conclusion, our rat IISD model proves superior in mimicking pathophysiology progression and characteristics of IISD in patients, which stands as an effective tool for mechanism and efficacy studies in future chemotherapy-induced gut toxicity research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zicong Zheng
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ting Du
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Song Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Taijun Yin
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Li Li
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lijun Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rashim Singh
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Sanarentero LLC, Pearland, TX, USA
| | - Rongjin Sun
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ming Hu
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Sanarentero LLC, Pearland, TX, USA
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Mao Q, Pan H, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhu Q, Hong Y, Huang Z, Li Y, Feng X, Fang Y, Chen W, Chen P, Shen B, Ouyang H, Liang Y. GelNB molecular coating as a biophysical barrier to isolate intestinal irritating metabolites and regulate intestinal microbial homeostasis in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Bioact Mater 2023; 19:251-267. [PMID: 35510173 PMCID: PMC9046703 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory disease characterized by the destruction of the structure and function of the intestinal epithelial barrier. Due to the poor remission effect and severe adverse events associated with current clinical medications, IBD remains an incurable disease. Here, we demonstrated a novel treatment strategy with high safety and effective inflammation remission via tissue-adhesive molecular coating. The molecular coating is composed of o-nitrobenzaldehyde (NB)-modified Gelatin (GelNB), which can strongly bond with –NH2 on the intestinal surface of tissue to form a thin biophysical barrier. We found that this molecular coating was able to stay on the surface of the intestine for long periods of time, effectively protecting the damaged intestinal epithelium from irritations of external intestinal metabolites and harmful flora. In addition, our results showed that this coating not only provided a beneficial environment for cell migration and proliferation to promote intestinal repair and regeneration, but also achieved a better outcome of IBD by reducing intestinal inflammation. Moreover, the in vivo experiments showed that the GelNB was better than the classic clinical medication—mesalazine. Therefore, our molecular coating showed potential as a promising strategy for the prevention and treatment of IBD. GelNB molecular coating can protect the intestinal epithelium from irritations of intestinal metabolites and harmful flora. GelNB molecular coating not only promote intestinal repair and regeneration, but also reduce intestinal inflammation. GelNB molecular coating shows potential as a promising strategy for the prevention and treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijiang Mao
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology of Zhejiang province, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Zhejiang Province Medical Research Center of Minimally Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment of Abdominal Diseases, Hangzhou, 310028, China
| | - Haoqi Pan
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Yiyin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiuwen Zhu
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Hong
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengze Huang
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology of Zhejiang province, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Yang Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310028, China
| | - Xu Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Yifeng Fang
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - WenChao Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Pengfei Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China
| | - Bo Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology of Zhejiang province, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Corresponding author. Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
| | - Hongwei Ouyang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Corresponding author. Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yuelong Liang
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology of Zhejiang province, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Zhejiang Province Medical Research Center of Minimally Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment of Abdominal Diseases, Hangzhou, 310028, China
- Corresponding author. Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
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4
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Habenicht LM, Staley AW, Clancy BM, Bozan S, Manuel CA, Fong DL, Nicklawsky AG, Klug A, Leszczynski JK. Characterization of a Jumping Stereotypy in Gerbils ( Meriones unguiculatus) and Assessment of Opaque Tubing Enrichment on Stereotypies and Breeding. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE : JAALAS 2022; 61:149-158. [PMID: 35140007 PMCID: PMC8956210 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-21-000101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mongolian gerbils can develop stereotypic behaviors, including corner digging. At our institution, gerbils also engage in repetitive corner jumping, which we sought to characterize as a potentially novel stereotypy in gerbils. We then attempted to mitigate this behavior by mimicking the natural habitat by adding intracage environmental complexity. Seventeen gerbil breeding pairs were video recorded in their home cages during the light cycle. Repetitive corner jumping and digging were compared between different times of day to assess when the behaviors occurred and whether they were temporally associated. To determine whether we could reduce the incidence of stereotypic behaviors, we tested a straight tube or 1 of 3 angled opaque tubes in different orientations, which were fitted to the gerbils' preexisting opaque nesting box. Behavior was assessed at baseline and at 1, 4, 8, and 12 wk to evaluate opaque tube placement as an intervention. In addition, breeding efficiency, valuated as the number of gerbil pups born and weaned per breeder pair, was compared with pre- and poststudy data. The number of corner jumps was highest at the end of the light cycle and the majority were associated with corner digging. After placement of the enrichment tubes, an initial increase in corner digging behavior was observed and persisted throughout the study period. The opaque tubes were not associated with significant changes in corner jumping. After adjusting for age, the addition of opaque tubing to gerbil breeding cages was not associated with significant changes in breeding efficiency. The addition of opaque tubing did not effectively address concerns about stereotypic behaviors and was associated with a chronic increase in stereotypic corner digging among breeding gerbil pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Habenicht
- Office of Laboratory Animal Resources, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Alyse W Staley
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Biostatistics Core, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Bridget M Clancy
- Animal Resources Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, and
| | - Samantha Bozan
- Office of Laboratory Animal Resources, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Christopher A Manuel
- Office of Laboratory Animal Resources, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Derek L Fong
- Office of Laboratory Animal Resources, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Andrew G Nicklawsky
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Biostatistics Core, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Achim Klug
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jori K Leszczynski
- Office of Laboratory Animal Resources, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
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Zentrich E, Talbot SR, Bleich A, Häger C. Automated Home-Cage Monitoring During Acute Experimental Colitis in Mice. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:760606. [PMID: 34744621 PMCID: PMC8570043 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.760606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
For ethical and legal reasons it is necessary to assess the severity of procedures in animal experimentation. To estimate the degree of pain, suffering, distress or lasting harm, objective methods that provide gradebale parameters need to be tested and validated for various models. In this context, automated home-cage monitoring becomes more important as a contactless, objective, continuous and non-invasive method. The aim of this study was to examine a recently developed large scale automated home-cage monitoring system (Digital Ventilated Cage, DVC®) with regard to the applicability and added value for severity assessment in a frequently used acute colitis mouse model. Acute colitis was induced in female C57BL/6J mice by varying doses of DSS (1.5 and 2.5%), matched controls received water only (0%). Besides DVC® activity monitoring and nest scoring, model specific parameters like body weight, clinical colitis score, and intestinal histo-pathology were used. In a second approach, we questioned whether DVC® can be used to detect an influence of different handling methods on the behavior of mice. Therefore, we compared activity patterns of mice that underwent tunnel vs. tail handling for routine animal care procedures. In DSS treated mice, disease specific parameters confirmed induction of a graded colitis. In line with this, DVC® revealed reduced activity in these animals. Furthermore, the system displayed stress-related activity changes due to the restraining procedures necessary in DSS-treatment groups. However, no significant differences between tunnel vs. tail handling procedures were detected. For further analysis of the data, a binary classifier was applied to categorize two severity levels (burdened vs. not burdened) based on activity and body weight. In all DSS-treatment groups data points were allocated to the burdened level, in contrast to a handling group. The fraction of "burdened" animals reflected well the course of colitis development. In conclusion, automated home-cage monitoring by DVC® enabled severity assessment in a DSS-induced colitis model equally well as gold standard clinical parameters. In addition, it revealed changes in activity patterns due to routine handling procedures applied in experimental model work. This indicates that large scale home-cage monitoring can be integrated into routine severity assessment in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Zentrich
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Steven R Talbot
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - André Bleich
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christine Häger
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Glowacki RWP, Engelhart MJ, Ahern PP. Controlled Complexity: Optimized Systems to Study the Role of the Gut Microbiome in Host Physiology. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:735562. [PMID: 34646255 PMCID: PMC8503645 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.735562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The profound impact of the gut microbiome on host health has led to a revolution in biomedical research, motivating researchers from disparate fields to define the specific molecular mechanisms that mediate host-beneficial effects. The advent of genomic technologies allied to the use of model microbiomes in gnotobiotic mouse models has transformed our understanding of intestinal microbial ecology and the impact of the microbiome on the host. However, despite incredible advances, our understanding of the host-microbiome dialogue that shapes host physiology is still in its infancy. Progress has been limited by challenges associated with developing model systems that are both tractable enough to provide key mechanistic insights while also reflecting the enormous complexity of the gut ecosystem. Simplified model microbiomes have facilitated detailed interrogation of transcriptional and metabolic functions of the microbiome but do not recapitulate the interactions seen in complex communities. Conversely, intact complex communities from mice or humans provide a more physiologically relevant community type, but can limit our ability to uncover high-resolution insights into microbiome function. Moreover, complex microbiomes from lab-derived mice or humans often do not readily imprint human-like phenotypes. Therefore, improved model microbiomes that are highly defined and tractable, but that more accurately recapitulate human microbiome-induced phenotypic variation are required to improve understanding of fundamental processes governing host-microbiome mutualism. This improved understanding will enhance the translational relevance of studies that address how the microbiome promotes host health and influences disease states. Microbial exposures in wild mice, both symbiotic and infectious in nature, have recently been established to more readily recapitulate human-like phenotypes. The development of synthetic model communities from such "wild mice" therefore represents an attractive strategy to overcome the limitations of current approaches. Advances in microbial culturing approaches that allow for the generation of large and diverse libraries of isolates, coupled to ever more affordable large-scale genomic sequencing, mean that we are now ideally positioned to develop such systems. Furthermore, the development of sophisticated in vitro systems is allowing for detailed insights into host-microbiome interactions to be obtained. Here we discuss the need to leverage such approaches and highlight key challenges that remain to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W. P. Glowacki
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Morgan J. Engelhart
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Philip P. Ahern
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
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7
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Lee MJ, Lee WT, Jeon CJ. Organization of Neuropeptide Y-Immunoreactive Cells in the Mongolian gerbil ( Meriones unguiculatus) Visual Cortex. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020311. [PMID: 33546356 PMCID: PMC7913502 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is found throughout the central nervous system where it appears to be involved in the regulation of a wide range of physiological effects. The Mongolian gerbil, a member of the rodent family Muridae, is a diurnal animal and has been widely used in various aspects of biomedical research. This study was conducted to investigate the organization of NPY-immunoreactive (IR) neurons in the gerbil visual cortex using NPY immunocytochemistry. The highest density of NPY-IR neurons was located in layer V (50.58%). The major type of NPY-IR neuron was a multipolar round/oval cell type (44.57%). Double-color immunofluorescence revealed that 89.55% and 89.95% of NPY-IR neurons contained gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) or somatostatin, respectively. Several processes of the NPY-IR neurons surrounded GABAergic interneurons. Although 30.81% of the NPY-IR neurons contained calretinin, NPY and calbindin-D28K-IR neurons were co-expressed rarely (3.75%) and NPY did not co-express parvalbumin. Triple-color immunofluorescence with anti-GluR2 or CaMKII antibodies suggested that some non-GABAergic NPY-IR neurons may make excitatory synaptic contacts. This study indicates that NPY-IR neurons have a notable architecture and are unique subpopulations of the interneurons of the gerbil visual cortex, which could provide additional valuable data for elucidating the role of NPY in the visual process in diurnal animals.
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Cheng S, Fu Y, Zhang Y, Xian W, Wang H, Grothe B, Liu X, Xu X, Klug A, McCullagh EA. Enhancement of de novo sequencing, assembly and annotation of the Mongolian gerbil genome with transcriptome sequencing and assembly from several different tissues. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:903. [PMID: 31775624 PMCID: PMC6882081 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6276-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) has historically been used as a model organism for the auditory and visual systems, stroke/ischemia, epilepsy and aging related research since 1935 when laboratory gerbils were separated from their wild counterparts. In this study we report genome sequencing, assembly, and annotation further supported by transcriptome sequencing and assembly from 27 different tissues samples. RESULTS The genome was sequenced using Illumina HiSeq 2000 and after assembly resulted in a final genome size of 2.54 Gbp with contig and scaffold N50 values of 31.4 Kbp and 500.0 Kbp, respectively. Based on the k-mer estimated genome size of 2.48 Gbp, the assembly appears to be complete. The genome annotation was supported by transcriptome data that identified 31,769 (> 2000 bp) predicted protein-coding genes across 27 tissue samples. A BUSCO search of 3023 mammalian groups resulted in 86% of curated single copy orthologs present among predicted genes, indicating a high level of completeness of the genome. CONCLUSIONS We report the first de novo assembly of the Mongolian gerbil genome enhanced by assembly of transcriptome data from several tissues. Sequencing of this genome and transcriptome increases the utility of the gerbil as a model organism, opening the availability of now widely used genetic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifeng Cheng
- BGI-Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, 518083 China
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 51803 China
| | - Yuan Fu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, 518083 China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083 China
| | - Yaolei Zhang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, 518083 China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083 China
| | - Wenfei Xian
- BGI-Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, 518083 China
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 51803 China
| | - Hongli Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, 518083 China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083 China
| | - Benedikt Grothe
- Division of Neurobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet Munich, 82152 Planegg, Martinsried Germany
| | - Xin Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, 518083 China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083 China
| | - Xun Xu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, 518083 China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083 China
| | - Achim Klug
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - Elizabeth A. McCullagh
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
- Present Address: Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74074 USA
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9
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Junaid QO, Khaw LT, Mahmud R, Ong KC, Lau YL, Borade PU, Liew JWK, Sivanandam S, Wong KT, Vythilingam I. Pathogenesis of Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection in the gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) as an experimental model for severe malaria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 24:38. [PMID: 29034874 PMCID: PMC5642054 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2017040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background: As the quest to eradicate malaria continues, there remains a need to gain further understanding of the disease, particularly with regard to pathogenesis. This is facilitated, apart from in vitro and clinical studies, mainly via in vivo mouse model studies. However, there are few studies that have used gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) as animal models. Thus, this study is aimed at characterizing the effects of Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA) infection in gerbils, as well as the underlying pathogenesis. Methods: Gerbils, 5-7 weeks old were infected by PbA via intraperitoneal injection of 1 × 106 (0.2 mL) infected red blood cells. Parasitemia, weight gain/loss, hemoglobin concentration, red blood cell count and body temperature changes in both control and infected groups were monitored over a duration of 13 days. RNA was extracted from the brain, spleen and whole blood to assess the immune response to PbA infection. Organs including the brain, spleen, heart, liver, kidneys and lungs were removed aseptically for histopathology. Results: Gerbils were susceptible to PbA infection, showing significant decreases in the hemoglobin concentration, RBC counts, body weights and body temperature, over the course of the infection. There were no neurological signs observed. Both pro-inflammatory (IFNγ and TNF) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines were significantly elevated. Splenomegaly and hepatomegaly were also observed. PbA parasitized RBCs were observed in the organs, using routine light microscopy and in situ hybridization. Conclusion: Gerbils may serve as a good model for severe malaria to further understand its pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quazim Olawale Junaid
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia - Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Federal University Kashere, Gombe State, Nigeria
| | - Loke Tim Khaw
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia - Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, International Medical University, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rohela Mahmud
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kien Chai Ong
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yee Ling Lau
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Prajakta Uttam Borade
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jonathan Wee Kent Liew
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sinnadurai Sivanandam
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kum Thong Wong
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Indra Vythilingam
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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10
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Häger C, Keubler LM, Biernot S, Dietrich J, Buchheister S, Buettner M, Bleich A. Time to Integrate to Nest Test Evaluation in a Mouse DSS-Colitis Model. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143824. [PMID: 26637175 PMCID: PMC4670219 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Severity assessment in laboratory animals is an important issue regarding the implementation of the 3R concept into biomedical research and pivotal in current EU regulations. In mouse models of inflammatory bowel disease severity assessment is usually undertaken by clinical scoring, especially by monitoring reduction of body weight. This requires daily observance and handling of each mouse, which is time consuming, stressful for the animal and necessitates an experienced observer. The time to integrate to nest test (TINT) is an easily applicable test detecting disturbed welfare by measuring the time interval mice need to integrate nesting material to an existing nest. Here, TINT was utilized to assess severity in a mouse DSS-colitis model. TINT results depended on the group size of mice maintained per cage with most consistent time intervals measured when co-housing 4 to 5 mice. Colitis was induced with 1% or 1.5% DSS in group-housed WT and Cd14-deficient mice. Higher clinical scores and loss of body weight were detected in 1.5% compared to 1% DSS treated mice. TINT time intervals showed no dose dependent differences. However, increased clinical scores, body weight reductions, and increased TINT time intervals were detected in Cd14-/- compared to WT mice revealing mouse strain related differences. Therefore, TINT is an easily applicable method for severity assessment in a mouse colitis model detecting CD14 related differences, but not dose dependent differences. As TINT revealed most consistent results in group-housed mice, we recommend utilization as an additional method substituting clinical monitoring of the individual mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Häger
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science and Central Animal Facility, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lydia M. Keubler
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science and Central Animal Facility, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Svenja Biernot
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science and Central Animal Facility, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jana Dietrich
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science and Central Animal Facility, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stephanie Buchheister
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science and Central Animal Facility, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Manuela Buettner
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science and Central Animal Facility, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - André Bleich
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science and Central Animal Facility, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail:
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11
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Riese P, Trittel S, Schulze K, Guzmán CA. Rodents as pre-clinical models for predicting vaccine performance in humans. Expert Rev Vaccines 2015. [DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2015.1074043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephanie Trittel
- Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kai Schulze
- Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Carlos A Guzmán
- Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
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12
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Impact of dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis on the intestinal transport of the colon carcinogen PhIP. Arch Toxicol 2015; 90:1093-102. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-015-1546-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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13
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Leonardi I, Nicholls F, Atrott K, Cee A, Tewes B, Greinwald R, Rogler G, Frey-Wagner I. Oral administration of dextran sodium sulphate induces a caecum-localized colitis in rabbits. Int J Exp Pathol 2015; 96:151-62. [PMID: 25716348 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichuris suis ova (TSO) have shown promising results in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) but the mechanisms which underlies this therapeutic effect cannot be studied in mice and rats as T. suis fails to colonize the rodent intestine, whilst hatching in humans and rabbits. As a suitable rabbit IBD model is currently not available, we developed a rabbit colitis model by administration of dextran sodium sulphate (DSS). White Himalayan rabbits (n = 12) received 0.1% DSS in the daily water supply for five days. Clinical symptoms were monitored daily, and rabbits were sacrificed at different time points. A genomewide expression analysis was performed with RNA isolated from caecal lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMC) and intestinal epithelial cells (IEC). The disease activity index of DSS rabbits increased up to 2.1 ± 0.4 (n = 6) at day 10 (controls <0.5). DSS induced a caecum-localized pathology with crypt architectural distortion, stunted villous surface and inflammatory infiltrate in the lamina propria. The histopathology score reached a peak of 14.2 ± 4.9 (n = 4) at day 10 (controls 7.7 ± 0.9, n = 5). Expression profiling revealed an enrichment of IBD-related genes in both LPMC and IEC. Innate inflammatory response, Th17 signalling and chemotaxis were among the pathways affected significantly. We describe a reproducible and reliable rabbit model of DSS colitis. Localization of the inflammation in the caecum and its similarities to IBD make this model particularly suitable to study TSO therapy in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Leonardi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Flora Nicholls
- Central Biological Laboratory, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kirstin Atrott
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Cee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Tewes
- Research and Development, Dr. Falk Pharma GmbH, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Roland Greinwald
- Research and Development, Dr. Falk Pharma GmbH, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Frey-Wagner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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14
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Yim S, Gwon SY, Hwang S, Kim NH, Jung BD, Rhee KJ. Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis causes lethal colitis in Mongolian gerbils. Anaerobe 2013; 21:64-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2013.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2013] [Revised: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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15
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Dietary quercetin ameliorates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis induced by a high-fat diet in gerbils. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 52:53-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Revised: 10/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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